1 .\" Copyright (c) 1990, 1993
2 .\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
4 .\" This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
5 .\" Hugh Smith at The University of Guelph.
7 .\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
8 .\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
10 .\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
11 .\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
12 .\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
13 .\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
14 .\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
15 .\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
16 .\" must display the following acknowledgement:
17 .\" This product includes software developed by the University of
18 .\" California, Berkeley and its contributors.
19 .\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
20 .\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
21 .\" without specific prior written permission.
23 .\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
24 .\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
25 .\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
26 .\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
27 .\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
28 .\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
29 .\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
30 .\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
31 .\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
32 .\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
35 .\" @(#)ar.1 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/29/93
43 .Nd create and maintain library archives
56 .Ar position archive Ar
72 .Ar position archive Ar
84 utility creates and maintains groups of files combined into an archive.
85 Once an archive has been created, new files can be added and existing
86 files can be extracted, deleted, or replaced.
88 Files are named in the archive by a single component, i.e., if a file
89 referenced by a path containing a slash (``/'') is archived it will be
90 named by the last component of that path.
91 When matching paths listed on the command line against file names stored
92 in the archive, only the last component of the path will be compared.
94 All informational and error messages use the path listed on the command
95 line, if any was specified; otherwise the name in the archive is used.
96 If multiple files in the archive have the same name, and paths are listed
97 on the command line to ``select'' archive files for an operation, only the
99 file with a matching name will be selected.
103 is for the creation and maintenance of libraries suitable for use with
106 although it is not restricted to this purpose.
107 The options are as follows:
108 .Bl -tag -width indent
110 A positioning modifier used with the options
114 The files are entered or moved
118 which must be specified.
120 A positioning modifier used with the options
124 The files are entered or moved
128 which must be specified.
130 Whenever an archive is created, an informational message to that effect
131 is written to standard error.
136 creates the archive silently.
138 Delete the specified archive files.
144 Move the specified archive files within the archive.
145 If one of the options
150 is specified, the files are moved
154 If none of those options are specified, the files are moved
155 to the end of the archive.
157 Set the access and modification times of extracted files to the
158 modification time of the file when it was entered into the archive.
159 This will fail if the user is not the owner of the extracted file
162 Write the contents of the specified archive files to the standard output.
163 If no files are specified, the contents of all the files in the archive
164 are written in the order they appear in the archive.
166 (Quickly) append the specified files to the archive.
167 If the archive does not exist a new archive file is created.
170 option, when creating a large archive
171 piece-by-piece, as no checking is done to see if the files already
172 exist in the archive.
174 Replace or add the specified files to the archive.
175 If the archive does not exist a new archive file is created.
176 Files that replace existing files do not change the order of the files
178 New files are appended to the archive unless one of the options
185 Select and/or name archive members using only the first fifteen characters
186 of the archive member or command line file name.
187 The historic archive format had sixteen bytes for the name, but some
188 historic archiver and loader implementations were unable to handle names
189 that used the entire space.
190 This means that file names that are not unique in their first fifteen
191 characters can subsequently be confused.
192 A warning message is printed to the standard error output if any file
196 for more information.)
198 List the specified files in the order in which they appear in the archive,
199 each on a separate line.
200 If no files are specified, all files in the archive are listed.
205 option, files in the archive will be replaced
206 only if the disk file has a newer modification time than the file in
210 option, files in the archive will be extracted
211 only if the archive file has a newer modification time than the file
214 Provide verbose output.
223 gives a file-by-file description of the archive modification.
224 This description consists of three, white-space separated fields: the
225 option letter, a dash (``-'') and the file name.
230 displays the description as above, but the initial letter is an ``a'' if
231 the file is added to the archive and an ``r'' if the file replaces a file
232 already in the archive.
237 the name of each printed file,
238 enclosed in less-than (``<'') and greater-than (``>'') characters,
239 is written to the standard output before
240 the contents of the file;
241 it is preceded by a single newline character, and
242 followed by two newline characters.
248 displays an ``ls -l'' style listing of information about the members of
250 This listing consists of eight, white-space separated fields:
251 the file permissions (see
253 the decimal user and group ID's, separated by a single slash (``/''),
254 the file size (in bytes), the file modification time (in the
256 format ``%b %e %H:%M %Y''), and the name of the file.
258 Extract the specified archive members into the files named by the command
260 If no members are specified, all the members of the archive are extracted into
261 the current directory.
263 If the file does not exist, it is created; if it does exist, the owner
264 and group will be unchanged.
265 The file access and modification times are the time of the extraction
269 The file permissions will be set to those of the file when it was entered
270 into the archive; this will fail if the user is not the owner of the
271 extracted file or the super-user.
276 utility exits 0 on success, and >0 if an error occurs.
278 .Bl -tag -width indent -compact
280 The pathname of the directory to use when creating temporary files.
283 .Bl -tag -width indent -compact
285 default temporary file directory
292 writes archives that may be incompatible with historic archives, as
293 the format used for storing archive members with names longer than
294 fifteen characters has changed.
295 This implementation of
297 is backward compatible with previous versions of
299 in that it can read and write (using the
301 option) historic archives.
304 option is provided for compatibility only, and will be deleted
308 for more information.
312 utility is expected to offer a superset of the