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/*-
 * Copyright (c) 2013 David Chisnall
 * All rights reserved.
 *
 * This software was developed by SRI International and the University of
 * Cambridge Computer Laboratory under DARPA/AFRL contract (FA8750-10-C-0237)
 * ("CTSRD"), as part of the DARPA CRASH research programme.
 *
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
 * are met:
 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
 *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
 *
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
 * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
 * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
 * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
 * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
 * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
 * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
 * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
 * SUCH DAMAGE.
 *
 * $FreeBSD$
 */

#ifndef _FDT_HH_
#define _FDT_HH_
#include <unordered_map>
#include <unordered_set>
#include <memory>
#include <string>
#include <functional>

#include "util.hh"
#include "input_buffer.hh"

namespace dtc
{

namespace dtb 
{
struct output_writer;
class string_table;
}

namespace fdt
{
class property;
class node;
/**
 * Type for (owned) pointers to properties.
 */
typedef std::shared_ptr<property> property_ptr;
/**
 * Owning pointer to a node.
 */
typedef std::unique_ptr<node> node_ptr;
/**
 * Map from macros to property pointers.
 */
typedef std::unordered_map<std::string, property_ptr> define_map;
/**
 * Set of strings used for label names.
 */
typedef std::unordered_set<std::string> string_set;
/**
 * Properties may contain a number of different value, each with a different
 * label.  This class encapsulates a single value.
 */
struct property_value
{
        /**
         * The label for this data.  This is usually empty.
         */
        std::string label;
        /**
         * If this value is a string, or something resolved from a string (a
         * reference) then this contains the source string.
         */
        std::string string_data;
        /**
         * The data that should be written to the final output.
         */
        byte_buffer byte_data;
        /**
         * Enumeration describing the possible types of a value.  Note that
         * property-coded arrays will appear simply as binary (or possibly
         * string, if they happen to be nul-terminated and printable), and must
         * be checked separately.
         */
        enum value_type
        {
                /**
                 * This is a list of strings.  When read from source, string
                 * lists become one property value for each string, however
                 * when read from binary we have a single property value
                 * incorporating the entire text, with nul bytes separating the
                 * strings.
                 */
                STRING_LIST,
                /**
                 * This property contains a single string.
                 */
                STRING,
                /**
                 * This is a binary value.  Check the size of byte_data to
                 * determine how many bytes this contains.
                 */
                BINARY,
                /** This contains a short-form address that should be replaced
                 * by a fully-qualified version.  This will only appear when
                 * the input is a device tree source.  When parsed from a
                 * device tree blob, the cross reference will have already been
                 * resolved and the property value will be a string containing
                 * the full path of the target node.  */
                CROSS_REFERENCE,
                /**
                 * This is a phandle reference.  When parsed from source, the
                 * string_data will contain the node label for the target and,
                 * after cross references have been resolved, the binary data
                 * will contain a 32-bit integer that should match the phandle
                 * property of the target node.
                 */
                PHANDLE,
                /**
                 * An empty property value.  This will never appear on a real
                 * property value, it is used by checkers to indicate that no
                 * property values should exist for a property.
                 */
                EMPTY,
                /**
                 * The type of this property has not yet been determined.
                 */
                UNKNOWN
        };
        /**
         * The type of this property.
         */
        value_type type;
        /**
         * Returns true if this value is a cross reference, false otherwise.
         */
        inline bool is_cross_reference()
        {
                return is_type(CROSS_REFERENCE);
        }
        /**
         * Returns true if this value is a phandle reference, false otherwise.
         */
        inline bool is_phandle()
        {
                return is_type(PHANDLE);
        }
        /**
         * Returns true if this value is a string, false otherwise.
         */
        inline bool is_string()
        {
                return is_type(STRING);
        }
        /**
         * Returns true if this value is a string list (a nul-separated
         * sequence of strings), false otherwise.
         */
        inline bool is_string_list()
        {
                return is_type(STRING_LIST);
        }
        /**
         * Returns true if this value is binary, false otherwise.
         */
        inline bool is_binary()
        {
                return is_type(BINARY);
        }
        /**
         * Returns this property value as a 32-bit integer.  Returns 0 if this
         * property value is not 32 bits long.  The bytes in the property value
         * are assumed to be in big-endian format, but the return value is in
         * the host native endian.
         */
        uint32_t get_as_uint32();
        /**
         * Default constructor, specifying the label of the value.
         */
        property_value(std::string l=std::string()) : label(l), type(UNKNOWN) {}
        /**
         * Writes the data for this value into an output buffer.
         */
        void push_to_buffer(byte_buffer &buffer);

        /**
         * Writes the property value to the standard output.  This uses the
         * following heuristics for deciding how to print the output:
         *
         * - If the value is nul-terminated and only contains printable
         *   characters, it is written as a string.
         * - If it is a multiple of 4 bytes long, then it is printed as cells.
         * - Otherwise, it is printed as a byte buffer.
         */
        void write_dts(FILE *file);
        /**
         * Tries to merge adjacent property values, returns true if it succeeds and
         * false otherwise.
         */
        bool try_to_merge(property_value &other);
        private:
        /**
         * Returns whether the value is of the specified type.  If the type of
         * the value has not yet been determined, then this calculates it.
         */
        inline bool is_type(value_type v)
        {
                if (type == UNKNOWN)
                {
                        resolve_type();
                }
                return type == v;
        }
        /**
         * Determines the type of the value based on its contents.
         */
        void resolve_type();
        /**
         * Writes the property value to the specified file as a quoted string.
         * This is used when generating DTS.
         */
        void write_as_string(FILE *file);
        /**
         * Writes the property value to the specified file as a sequence of
         * 32-bit big-endian cells.  This is used when generating DTS.
         */
        void write_as_cells(FILE *file);
        /**
         * Writes the property value to the specified file as a sequence of
         * bytes.  This is used when generating DTS.
         */
        void write_as_bytes(FILE *file);
};

/**
 * A value encapsulating a single property.  This contains a key, optionally a
 * label, and optionally one or more values.
 */
class property
{
        /**
         * The name of this property.
         */
        std::string key;
        /**
         * Zero or more labels.
         */
        string_set labels;
        /**
         * The values in this property.
         */
        std::vector<property_value> values;
        /**
         * Value indicating that this is a valid property.  If a parse error
         * occurs, then this value is false.
         */
        bool valid;
        /**
         * Parses a string property value, i.e. a value enclosed in double quotes.
         */
        void parse_string(text_input_buffer &input);
        /**
         * Parses one or more 32-bit values enclosed in angle brackets.
         */
        void parse_cells(text_input_buffer &input, int cell_size);
        /**
         * Parses an array of bytes, contained within square brackets.
         */
        void parse_bytes(text_input_buffer &input);
        /**
         * Parses a reference.  This is a node label preceded by an ampersand
         * symbol, which should expand to the full path to that node.
         *
         * Note: The specification says that the target of such a reference is
         * a node name, however dtc assumes that it is a label, and so we
         * follow their interpretation for compatibility.
         */
        void parse_reference(text_input_buffer &input);
        /**
         * Parse a predefined macro definition for a property.
         */
        void parse_define(text_input_buffer &input, define_map *defines);
        /**
         * Constructs a new property from two input buffers, pointing to the
         * struct and strings tables in the device tree blob, respectively.
         * The structs input buffer is assumed to have just consumed the
         * FDT_PROP token.
         */
        property(input_buffer &structs, input_buffer &strings);
        /**
         * Parses a new property from the input buffer.  
         */
        property(text_input_buffer &input,
                 std::string &&k,
                 string_set &&l,
                 bool terminated,
                 define_map *defines);
        public:
        /**
         * Creates an empty property.
         */
        property(std::string &&k, string_set &&l=string_set())
                : key(k), labels(l), valid(true) {}
        /**
         * Copy constructor.
         */
        property(property &p) : key(p.key), labels(p.labels), values(p.values),
                valid(p.valid) {}
        /**
         * Factory method for constructing a new property.  Attempts to parse a
         * property from the input, and returns it on success.  On any parse
         * error, this will return 0.
         */
        static property_ptr parse_dtb(input_buffer &structs,
                                      input_buffer &strings);
        /**
         * Factory method for constructing a new property.  Attempts to parse a
         * property from the input, and returns it on success.  On any parse
         * error, this will return 0.
         */
        static property_ptr parse(text_input_buffer &input,
                                  std::string &&key,
                                  string_set &&labels=string_set(),
                                  bool semicolonTerminated=true,
                                  define_map *defines=0);
        /**
         * Iterator type used for accessing the values of a property.
         */
        typedef std::vector<property_value>::iterator value_iterator;
        /**
         * Returns an iterator referring to the first value in this property.
         */
        inline value_iterator begin()
        {
                return values.begin();
        }
        /**
         * Returns an iterator referring to the last value in this property.
         */
        inline value_iterator end()
        {
                return values.end();
        }
        /**
         * Adds a new value to an existing property.
         */
        inline void add_value(property_value v)
        {
                values.push_back(v);
        }
        /**
         * Returns the key for this property.
         */
        inline std::string get_key()
        {
                return key;
        }
        /**
         * Writes the property to the specified writer.  The property name is a
         * reference into the strings table.
         */
        void write(dtb::output_writer &writer, dtb::string_table &strings);
        /**
         * Writes in DTS format to the specified file, at the given indent
         * level.  This will begin the line with the number of tabs specified
         * as the indent level and then write the property in the most
         * applicable way that it can determine.
         */
        void write_dts(FILE *file, int indent);
};

/**
 * Class encapsulating a device tree node.  Nodes may contain properties and
 * other nodes.
 */
class node
{
        public:
        /**
         * The labels for this node, if any.  Node labels are used as the
         * targets for cross references.
         */
        std::unordered_set<std::string> labels;
        /**
         * The name of the node.
         */
        std::string name;
        /**
         * The unit address of the node, which is optionally written after the
         * name followed by an at symbol.
         */
        std::string unit_address;
        /**
         * The type for the property vector.
         */
        typedef std::vector<property_ptr> property_vector;
        /**
         * Iterator type for child nodes.
         */
        typedef std::vector<node_ptr>::iterator child_iterator;
        private:
        /**
         * Adaptor to use children in range-based for loops.
         */
        struct child_range
        {
                child_range(node &nd) : n(nd) {}
                child_iterator begin() { return n.child_begin(); }
                child_iterator end() { return n.child_end(); }
                private:
                node &n;
        };
        /**
         * Adaptor to use properties in range-based for loops.
         */
        struct property_range
        {
                property_range(node &nd) : n(nd) {}
                property_vector::iterator begin() { return n.property_begin(); }
                property_vector::iterator end() { return n.property_end(); }
                private:
                node &n;
        };
        /**
         * The properties contained within this node.
         */
        property_vector props;
        /**
         * The children of this node.
         */
        std::vector<node_ptr> children;
        /**
         * Children that should be deleted from this node when merging.
         */
        std::unordered_set<std::string> deleted_children;
        /**
         * Properties that should be deleted from this node when merging.
         */
        std::unordered_set<std::string> deleted_props;
        /**
         * A flag indicating whether this node is valid.  This is set to false
         * if an error occurs during parsing.
         */
        bool valid;
        /**
         * Parses a name inside a node, writing the string passed as the last
         * argument as an error if it fails.  
         */
        std::string parse_name(text_input_buffer &input,
                               bool &is_property,
                               const char *error);
        /**
         * Constructs a new node from two input buffers, pointing to the struct
         * and strings tables in the device tree blob, respectively.
         */
        node(input_buffer &structs, input_buffer &strings);
        /**
         * Parses a new node from the specified input buffer.  This is called
         * when the input cursor is on the open brace for the start of the
         * node.  The name, and optionally label and unit address, should have
         * already been parsed.
         */
        node(text_input_buffer &input,
             std::string &&n,
             std::unordered_set<std::string> &&l,
             std::string &&a,
             define_map*);
        /**
         * Comparison function for properties, used when sorting the properties
         * vector.  Orders the properties based on their names.
         */
        static inline bool cmp_properties(property_ptr &p1, property_ptr &p2);
                /*
        {
                return p1->get_key() < p2->get_key();
        }
        */
        /**
         * Comparison function for nodes, used when sorting the children
         * vector.  Orders the nodes based on their names or, if the names are
         * the same, by the unit addresses.
         */
        static inline bool cmp_children(node_ptr &c1, node_ptr &c2);
        public:
        /**
         * Sorts the node's properties and children into alphabetical order and
         * recursively sorts the children.
         */
        void sort();
        /**
         * Returns an iterator for the first child of this node.
         */
        inline child_iterator child_begin()
        {
                return children.begin();
        }
        /**
         * Returns an iterator after the last child of this node.
         */
        inline child_iterator child_end()
        {
                return children.end();
        }
        /**
         * Returns a range suitable for use in a range-based for loop describing
         * the children of this node.
         */
        inline child_range child_nodes()
        {
                return child_range(*this);
        }
        /**
         * Accessor for the deleted children.
         */
        inline const std::unordered_set<std::string> &deleted_child_nodes()
        {
                return deleted_children;
        }
        /**
         * Accessor for the deleted properties
         */
        inline const std::unordered_set<std::string> &deleted_properties()
        {
                return deleted_props;
        }
        /**
         * Returns a range suitable for use in a range-based for loop describing
         * the properties of this node.
         */
        inline property_range properties()
        {
                return property_range(*this);
        }
        /**
         * Returns an iterator after the last property of this node.
         */
        inline property_vector::iterator property_begin()
        {
                return props.begin();
        }
        /**
         * Returns an iterator for the first property of this node.
         */
        inline property_vector::iterator property_end()
        {
                return props.end();
        }
        /**
         * Factory method for constructing a new node.  Attempts to parse a
         * node in DTS format from the input, and returns it on success.  On
         * any parse error, this will return 0.  This should be called with the
         * cursor on the open brace of the property, after the name and so on
         * have been parsed.
         */
        static node_ptr parse(text_input_buffer &input,
                              std::string &&name,
                              std::unordered_set<std::string> &&label=std::unordered_set<std::string>(),
                              std::string &&address=std::string(),
                              define_map *defines=0);
        /**
         * Factory method for constructing a new node.  Attempts to parse a
         * node in DTB format from the input, and returns it on success.  On
         * any parse error, this will return 0.  This should be called with the
         * cursor on the open brace of the property, after the name and so on
         * have been parsed.
         */
        static node_ptr parse_dtb(input_buffer &structs, input_buffer &strings);
        /**
         * Returns a property corresponding to the specified key, or 0 if this
         * node does not contain a property of that name.
         */
        property_ptr get_property(const std::string &key);
        /**
         * Adds a new property to this node.
         */
        inline void add_property(property_ptr &p)
        {
                props.push_back(p);
        }
        /**
         * Merges a node into this one.  Any properties present in both are
         * overridden, any properties present in only one are preserved.
         */
        void merge_node(node_ptr other);
        /**
         * Write this node to the specified output.  Although nodes do not
         * refer to a string table directly, their properties do.  The string
         * table passed as the second argument is used for the names of
         * properties within this node and its children.
         */
        void write(dtb::output_writer &writer, dtb::string_table &strings);
        /**
         * Writes the current node as DTS to the specified file.  The second
         * parameter is the indent level.  This function will start every line
         * with this number of tabs.  
         */
        void write_dts(FILE *file, int indent);
        /**
         * Recursively visit this node and then its children.
         */
        void visit(std::function<void(node&)>);
};

/**
 * Class encapsulating the entire parsed FDT.  This is the top-level class,
 * which parses the entire DTS representation and write out the finished
 * version.
 */
class device_tree
{
        public:
        /**
         * Type used for node paths.  A node path is sequence of names and unit
         * addresses.
         */
        typedef std::vector<std::pair<std::string,std::string> > node_path;
        /**
         * Name that we should use for phandle nodes.
         */
        enum phandle_format
        {
                /** linux,phandle */
                LINUX,
                /** phandle */
                EPAPR,
                /** Create both nodes. */
                BOTH
        };
        private:
        /**
         * The format that we should use for writing phandles.
         */
        phandle_format phandle_node_name;
        /**
         * Flag indicating that this tree is valid.  This will be set to false
         * on parse errors. 
         */
        bool valid;
        /**
         * Type used for memory reservations.  A reservation is two 64-bit
         * values indicating a base address and length in memory that the
         * kernel should not use.  The high 32 bits are ignored on 32-bit
         * platforms.
         */
        typedef std::pair<uint64_t, uint64_t> reservation;
        /**
         * The memory reserves table.
         */
        std::vector<reservation> reservations;
        /**
         * Root node.  All other nodes are children of this node.
         */
        node_ptr root;
        /**
         * Mapping from names to nodes.  Only unambiguous names are recorded,
         * duplicate names are stored as (node*)-1.
         */
        std::unordered_map<std::string, node*> node_names;
        /**
         * A map from labels to node paths.  When resolving cross references,
         * we look up referenced nodes in this and replace the cross reference
         * with the full path to its target.
         */
        std::unordered_map<std::string, node_path> node_paths;
        /**
         * A collection of property values that are references to other nodes.
         * These should be expanded to the full path of their targets.
         */
        std::vector<property_value*> cross_references;
        /**
         * A collection of property values that refer to phandles.  These will
         * be replaced by the value of the phandle property in their
         * destination.
         */
        std::vector<property_value*> phandles;
        /**
         * The names of nodes that target phandles.
         */
        std::unordered_set<std::string> phandle_targets;
        /**
         * A collection of input buffers that we are using.  These input
         * buffers are the ones that own their memory, and so we must preserve
         * them for the lifetime of the device tree.  
         */
        std::vector<std::unique_ptr<input_buffer>> buffers;
        /**
         * A map of used phandle values to nodes.  All phandles must be unique,
         * so we keep a set of ones that the user explicitly provides in the
         * input to ensure that we don't reuse them.
         *
         * This is a map, rather than a set, because we also want to be able to
         * find phandles that were provided by the user explicitly when we are
         * doing checking.
         */
        std::unordered_map<uint32_t, node*> used_phandles;
        /**
         * Paths to search for include files.  This contains a set of
         * nul-terminated strings, which are not owned by this class and so
         * must be freed separately.
         */
        std::vector<std::string> include_paths;
        /**
         * Dictionary of predefined macros provided on the command line.
         */
        define_map               defines;
        /**
         * The default boot CPU, specified in the device tree header.
         */
        uint32_t boot_cpu;
        /**
         * The number of empty reserve map entries to generate in the blob.
         */
        uint32_t spare_reserve_map_entries;
        /**
         * The minimum size in bytes of the blob.
         */
        uint32_t minimum_blob_size;
        /**
         * The number of bytes of padding to add to the end of the blob.
         */
        uint32_t blob_padding;
        /**
         * Visit all of the nodes recursively, and if they have labels then add
         * them to the node_paths and node_names vectors so that they can be
         * used in resolving cross references.  Also collects phandle
         * properties that have been explicitly added.  
         */
        void collect_names_recursive(node_ptr &n, node_path &path);
        /**
         * Assign phandle properties to all nodes that have been referenced and
         * require one.  This method will recursively visit the tree starting at
         * the node that it is passed.
         */
        void assign_phandles(node_ptr &n, uint32_t &next);
        /**
         * Calls the recursive version of this method on every root node.
         */
        void collect_names();
        /**
         * Resolves all cross references.  Any properties that refer to another
         * node must have their values replaced by either the node path or
         * phandle value.
         */
        void resolve_cross_references();
        /**
         * Parses a dts file in the given buffer and adds the roots to the parsed
         * set.  The `read_header` argument indicates whether the header has
         * already been read.  Some dts files place the header in an include,
         * rather than in the top-level file.
         */
        void parse_file(text_input_buffer &input,
                        std::vector<node_ptr> &roots,
                        bool &read_header);
        /**
         * Template function that writes a dtb blob using the specified writer.
         * The writer defines the output format (assembly, blob).
         */
        template<class writer>
        void write(int fd);
        public:
        /**
         * Returns the node referenced by the property.  If this is a tree that
         * is in source form, then we have a string that we can use to index
         * the cross_references array and so we can just look that up.  
         */
        node *referenced_node(property_value &v);
        /**
         * Writes this FDT as a DTB to the specified output.
         */
        void write_binary(int fd);
        /**
         * Writes this FDT as an assembly representation of the DTB to the
         * specified output.  The result can then be assembled and linked into
         * a program.
         */
        void write_asm(int fd);
        /**
         * Writes the tree in DTS (source) format.
         */
        void write_dts(int fd);
        /**
         * Default constructor.  Creates a valid, but empty FDT.
         */
        device_tree() : phandle_node_name(EPAPR), valid(true),
                boot_cpu(0), spare_reserve_map_entries(0),
                minimum_blob_size(0), blob_padding(0) {}
        /**
         * Constructs a device tree from the specified file name, referring to
         * a file that contains a device tree blob.
         */
        void parse_dtb(const std::string &fn, FILE *depfile);
        /**
         * Constructs a device tree from the specified file name, referring to
         * a file that contains device tree source.
         */
        void parse_dts(const std::string &fn, FILE *depfile);
        /**
         * Returns whether this tree is valid.
         */
        inline bool is_valid()
        {
                return valid;
        }
        /**
         * Sets the format for writing phandle properties.
         */
        inline void set_phandle_format(phandle_format f)
        {
                phandle_node_name = f;
        }
        /**
         * Returns a pointer to the root node of this tree.  No ownership
         * transfer.
         */
        inline const node_ptr &get_root() const
        {
                return root;
        }
        /**
         * Sets the physical boot CPU.
         */
        void set_boot_cpu(uint32_t cpu)
        {
                boot_cpu = cpu;
        }
        /**
         * Sorts the tree.  Useful for debugging device trees.
         */
        void sort()
        {
                root->sort();
        }
        /**
         * Adds a path to search for include files.  The argument must be a
         * nul-terminated string representing the path.  The device tree keeps
         * a pointer to this string, but does not own it: the caller is
         * responsible for freeing it if required.
         */
        void add_include_path(const char *path)
        {
                std::string p(path);
                include_paths.push_back(std::move(p));
        }
        /**
         * Sets the number of empty reserve map entries to add.
         */
        void set_empty_reserve_map_entries(uint32_t e)
        {
                spare_reserve_map_entries = e;
        }
        /**
         * Sets the minimum size, in bytes, of the blob.
         */
        void set_blob_minimum_size(uint32_t s)
        {
                minimum_blob_size = s;
        }
        /**
         * Sets the amount of padding to add to the blob.
         */
        void set_blob_padding(uint32_t p)
        {
                blob_padding = p;
        }
        /**
         * Parses a predefined macro value.
         */
        bool parse_define(const char *def);
};

} // namespace fdt

} // namespace dtc

#endif // !_FDT_HH_