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1 /*-
2  * SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
3  *
4  * Copyright (c) 2002 Jake Burkholder
5  * Copyright (c) 2004 Robert Watson
6  * All rights reserved.
7  *
8  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
9  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
10  * are met:
11  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
12  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
13  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
14  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
15  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
16  *
17  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
18  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
19  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
20  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
21  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
22  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
23  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
24  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
25  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
26  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
27  * SUCH DAMAGE.
28  */
29
30 #include <sys/types.h>
31 #include <sys/capsicum.h>
32 #include <sys/ktr.h>
33 #include <sys/mman.h>
34 #include <sys/stat.h>
35
36 #include <capsicum_helpers.h>
37 #include <err.h>
38 #include <errno.h>
39 #include <fcntl.h>
40 #include <kvm.h>
41 #include <limits.h>
42 #include <nlist.h>
43 #include <stdint.h>
44 #include <stdio.h>
45 #include <stdlib.h>
46 #include <string.h>
47 #include <unistd.h>
48
49 #define SBUFLEN 128
50 #define USAGE \
51         "usage: ktrdump [-cflqrtH] [-i ktrfile] [-M core] [-N system] [-o outfile]\n"
52
53 static void usage(void) __dead2;
54
55 static struct nlist nl[] = {
56         { .n_name = "_ktr_version" },
57         { .n_name = "_ktr_entries" },
58         { .n_name = "_ktr_idx" },
59         { .n_name = "_ktr_buf" },
60         { .n_name = NULL }
61 };
62
63 static int cflag;
64 static int fflag;
65 static int lflag;
66 static int Mflag;
67 static int Nflag;
68 static int qflag;
69 static int rflag;
70 static int tflag;
71 static int iflag;
72 static int hflag;
73
74 static char corefile[PATH_MAX];
75 static char execfile[PATH_MAX];
76 static char outfile[PATH_MAX] = "stdout";
77
78 static char desc[SBUFLEN];
79 static char errbuf[_POSIX2_LINE_MAX];
80 static char fbuf[PATH_MAX];
81 static char obuf[PATH_MAX];
82 static char sbuf[KTR_PARMS][SBUFLEN];
83
84 /*
85  * Reads the ktr trace buffer from kernel memory and prints the trace entries.
86  */
87 int
88 main(int ac, char **av)
89 {
90         u_long parms[KTR_PARMS];
91         struct ktr_entry *buf;
92         uintmax_t tlast, tnow;
93         unsigned long bufptr;
94         cap_rights_t rights;
95         struct stat sb;
96         kvm_t *kd;
97         FILE *out;
98         char *p;
99         int version;
100         int entries;
101         int count;
102         int index, index2;
103         int parm;
104         int in;
105         int c;
106         int i = 0;
107
108         /*
109          * Parse commandline arguments.
110          */
111         out = stdout;
112         while ((c = getopt(ac, av, "cflqrtHe:i:m:M:N:o:")) != -1)
113                 switch (c) {
114                 case 'c':
115                         cflag = 1;
116                         break;
117                 case 'N':
118                 case 'e':
119                         if (strlcpy(execfile, optarg, sizeof(execfile))
120                             >= sizeof(execfile))
121                                 errx(1, "%s: File name too long", optarg);
122                         Nflag = 1;
123                         break;
124                 case 'f':
125                         fflag = 1;
126                         break;
127                 case 'i':
128                         iflag = 1;
129                         if ((in = open(optarg, O_RDONLY)) == -1)
130                                 err(1, "%s", optarg);
131                         cap_rights_init(&rights, CAP_FSTAT, CAP_MMAP_R);
132                         if (caph_rights_limit(in, &rights) < 0)
133                                 err(1, "unable to limit rights for %s",
134                                     optarg);
135                         break;
136                 case 'l':
137                         lflag = 1;
138                         break;
139                 case 'M':
140                 case 'm':
141                         if (strlcpy(corefile, optarg, sizeof(corefile))
142                             >= sizeof(corefile))
143                                 errx(1, "%s: File name too long", optarg);
144                         Mflag = 1;
145                         break;
146                 case 'o':
147                         if ((out = fopen(optarg, "w")) == NULL)
148                                 err(1, "%s", optarg);
149                         strlcpy(outfile, optarg, sizeof(outfile));
150                         break;
151                 case 'q':
152                         qflag++;
153                         break;
154                 case 'r':
155                         rflag = 1;
156                         break;
157                 case 't':
158                         tflag = 1;
159                         break;
160                 case 'H':
161                         hflag = 1;
162                         break;
163                 case '?':
164                 default:
165                         usage();
166                 }
167         ac -= optind;
168         av += optind;
169         if (ac != 0)
170                 usage();
171
172         if (caph_limit_stream(fileno(out), CAPH_WRITE) < 0)
173                 err(1, "unable to limit rights for %s", outfile);
174         if (caph_limit_stderr() < 0)
175                 err(1, "unable to limit rights for stderr");
176
177         /*
178          * Open our execfile and corefile, resolve needed symbols and read in
179          * the trace buffer.
180          */
181         if ((kd = kvm_openfiles(Nflag ? execfile : NULL,
182             Mflag ? corefile : NULL, NULL, O_RDONLY, errbuf)) == NULL)
183                 errx(1, "%s", errbuf);
184
185         /*
186          * Cache NLS data, for strerror, for err(3), before entering capability
187          * mode.
188          */
189         caph_cache_catpages();
190
191         count = kvm_nlist(kd, nl);
192         if (count == -1)
193                 errx(1, "%s", kvm_geterr(kd));
194         if (count > 0)
195                 errx(1, "failed to resolve ktr symbols");
196         if (kvm_read(kd, nl[0].n_value, &version, sizeof(version)) == -1)
197                 errx(1, "%s", kvm_geterr(kd));
198         if (version != KTR_VERSION)
199                 errx(1, "ktr version mismatch");
200
201         /*
202          * Enter Capsicum sandbox.
203          *
204          * kvm_nlist() above uses kldsym(2) for native kernels, and that isn't
205          * allowed in the sandbox.
206          */
207         if (caph_enter() < 0)
208                 err(1, "unable to enter capability mode");
209
210         if (iflag) {
211                 if (fstat(in, &sb) == -1)
212                         errx(1, "stat");
213                 entries = sb.st_size / sizeof(*buf);
214                 index = 0;
215                 buf = mmap(NULL, sb.st_size, PROT_READ, MAP_SHARED, in, 0);
216                 if (buf == MAP_FAILED)
217                         errx(1, "mmap");
218         } else {
219                 if (kvm_read(kd, nl[1].n_value, &entries, sizeof(entries))
220                     == -1)
221                         errx(1, "%s", kvm_geterr(kd));
222                 if ((buf = malloc(sizeof(*buf) * entries)) == NULL)
223                         err(1, NULL);
224                 if (kvm_read(kd, nl[2].n_value, &index, sizeof(index)) == -1 ||
225                     kvm_read(kd, nl[3].n_value, &bufptr,
226                     sizeof(bufptr)) == -1 ||
227                     kvm_read(kd, bufptr, buf, sizeof(*buf) * entries) == -1 ||
228                     kvm_read(kd, nl[2].n_value, &index2, sizeof(index2)) == -1)
229                         errx(1, "%s", kvm_geterr(kd));
230         }
231
232         /*
233          * Print a nice header.
234          */
235         if (!qflag) {
236                 fprintf(out, "%-6s ", "index");
237                 if (cflag)
238                         fprintf(out, "%-3s ", "cpu");
239                 if (tflag)
240                         fprintf(out, "%-16s ", "timestamp");
241                 if (fflag)
242                         fprintf(out, "%-40s ", "file and line");
243                 if (hflag)
244                         fprintf(out, "%-18s ", "tid");
245                 fprintf(out, "%s", "trace");
246                 fprintf(out, "\n");
247
248                 fprintf(out, "------ ");
249                 if (cflag)
250                         fprintf(out, "--- ");
251                 if (tflag)
252                         fprintf(out, "---------------- ");
253                 if (fflag)
254                         fprintf(out,
255                             "---------------------------------------- ");
256                 if (hflag)
257                         fprintf(out, "------------------ ");
258                 fprintf(out, "----- ");
259                 fprintf(out, "\n");
260         }
261
262         tlast = UINTPTR_MAX;
263         /*
264          * Now tear through the trace buffer.
265          *
266          * In "live" mode, find the oldest entry (first non-NULL entry
267          * after index2) and walk forward.  Otherwise, start with the
268          * most recent entry and walk backwards.
269          */
270         if (!iflag) {
271                 if (lflag) {
272                         i = index2 + 1 % entries;
273                         while (buf[i].ktr_desc == NULL && i != index) {
274                                 i++;
275                                 if (i == entries)
276                                         i = 0;
277                         }
278                 } else {
279                         i = index - 1;
280                         if (i < 0)
281                                 i = entries - 1;
282                 }
283         }
284 dump_entries:
285         for (;;) {
286                 if (buf[i].ktr_desc == NULL)
287                         break;
288                 if (kvm_read(kd, (u_long)buf[i].ktr_desc, desc,
289                     sizeof(desc)) == -1)
290                         errx(1, "%s", kvm_geterr(kd));
291                 desc[sizeof(desc) - 1] = '\0';
292                 parm = 0;
293                 for (p = desc; (c = *p++) != '\0';) {
294                         if (c != '%')
295                                 continue;
296 next:                   if ((c = *p++) == '\0')
297                                 break;
298                         if (c == '%')
299                                 continue;
300                         if (parm == KTR_PARMS)
301                                 errx(1, "too many parameters in \"%s\"", desc);
302                         switch (c) {
303                         case '0': case '1': case '2': case '3': case '4':
304                         case '5': case '6': case '7': case '8': case '9':
305                         case '#': case '-': case ' ': case '+': case '\'':
306                         case 'h': case 'l': case 'j': case 't': case 'z':
307                         case 'q': case 'L': case '.':
308                                 goto next;
309                         case 's':
310                                 if (kvm_read(kd, (u_long)buf[i].ktr_parms[parm],
311                                     sbuf[parm], sizeof(sbuf[parm])) == -1)
312                                         strcpy(sbuf[parm], "(null)");
313                                 sbuf[parm][sizeof(sbuf[0]) - 1] = '\0';
314                                 parms[parm] = (u_long)sbuf[parm];
315                                 parm++;
316                                 break;
317                         default:
318                                 parms[parm] = buf[i].ktr_parms[parm];
319                                 parm++;
320                                 break;
321                         }
322                 }
323                 fprintf(out, "%6d ", i);
324                 if (cflag)
325                         fprintf(out, "%3d ", buf[i].ktr_cpu);
326                 if (tflag) {
327                         tnow = (uintmax_t)buf[i].ktr_timestamp;
328                         if (rflag) {
329                                 if (tlast == UINTPTR_MAX)
330                                         tlast = tnow;
331                                 fprintf(out, "%16ju ", !iflag ? tlast - tnow :
332                                     tnow - tlast);
333                                 tlast = tnow;
334                         } else
335                                 fprintf(out, "%16ju ", tnow);
336                 }
337                 if (fflag) {
338                         if (kvm_read(kd, (u_long)buf[i].ktr_file, fbuf,
339                             sizeof(fbuf)) == -1)
340                                 strcpy(fbuf, "(null)");
341                         snprintf(obuf, sizeof(obuf), "%s:%d", fbuf,
342                             buf[i].ktr_line);
343                         fprintf(out, "%-40s ", obuf);
344                 }
345                 if (hflag)
346                         fprintf(out, "%p ", buf[i].ktr_thread);
347                 fprintf(out, desc, parms[0], parms[1], parms[2], parms[3],
348                     parms[4], parms[5]);
349                 fprintf(out, "\n");
350                 if (!iflag) {
351                         /*
352                          * 'index' and 'index2' are the values of 'ktr_idx'
353                          * before and after the KTR buffer was copied into
354                          * 'buf'. Since the KTR entries between 'index' and
355                          * 'index2' were in flux while the KTR buffer was
356                          * being copied to userspace we don't dump them.
357                          */
358                         if (lflag) {
359                                 if (++i == entries)
360                                         i = 0;
361                                 if (i == index)
362                                         break;
363                         } else {
364                                 if (i == index2)
365                                         break;
366                                 if (--i < 0)
367                                         i = entries - 1;
368                         }
369                 } else {
370                         if (++i == entries)
371                                 break;
372                 }
373         }
374
375         /*
376          * In "live" mode, poll 'ktr_idx' periodically and dump any
377          * new entries since our last pass through the ring.
378          */
379         if (lflag && !iflag) {
380                 while (index == index2) {
381                         usleep(50 * 1000);
382                         if (kvm_read(kd, nl[2].n_value, &index2,
383                             sizeof(index2)) == -1)
384                                 errx(1, "%s", kvm_geterr(kd));
385                 }
386                 i = index;
387                 index = index2;
388                 if (kvm_read(kd, bufptr, buf, sizeof(*buf) * entries) == -1 ||
389                     kvm_read(kd, nl[2].n_value, &index2, sizeof(index2)) == -1)
390                         errx(1, "%s", kvm_geterr(kd));
391                 goto dump_entries;
392         }
393
394         return (0);
395 }
396
397 static void
398 usage(void)
399 {
400
401         fprintf(stderr, USAGE);
402         exit(1);
403 }