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33 .Nd indicate last logins of users and ttys
55 utility will either list the sessions of specified
60 in reverse time order,
61 or list the users logged in at a specified date and time.
62 Each line of output contains
63 the user name, the tty from which the session was conducted, any
64 hostname, the start and stop times for the session, and the duration
66 If the session is still continuing or was cut short by
71 The following options are available:
72 .Bl -tag -width indent-two
76 in a selection of different human and machine readable formats.
79 for details on command line arguments.
81 Specify the snapshot date and time.
82 All users logged in at the snapshot date and time will
84 This may be used with the
86 option to derive the results from stored
89 When this argument is provided, all other options except for
94 The argument should be in the form
101 where each pair of letters represents the following:
103 .Bl -tag -width Ds -compact -offset indent
105 The first two digits of the year (the century).
107 The second two digits of the year.
114 between 69 and 99 results in a
121 Month of the year, from 1 to 12.
123 Day of the month, from 1 to 31.
125 Hour of the day, from 0 to 23.
127 Minute of the hour, from 0 to 59.
129 Second of the minute, from 0 to 60.
136 letter pairs are not specified, the values default to the current
140 letter pair is not specified, the value defaults to 0.
144 instead of the default,
145 .Pa /var/log/utx.log .
148 names may be names or internet numbers.
154 Report the duration of the login session in seconds, instead of the
155 default days, hours and minutes.
159 Tty names may be given fully or abbreviated, for example,
163 .Dq Li "last -t tty03" .
165 Widen the duration field to show seconds, as well as the
166 default days, hours and minutes.
168 Report the year in the session start time.
171 If multiple arguments are given,
172 and a snapshot time is not specified,
173 the information which applies to any of the
174 arguments is printed, e.g.,
175 .Dq Li "last root -t console"
178 sessions as well as all sessions on the console terminal.
180 users, hostnames or terminals are specified,
183 all logins and logouts.
187 logs in at reboots of the system, thus
189 will give an indication of mean time between reboot.
193 is interrupted, it indicates to what date the search has
195 If interrupted with a quit signal
198 far the search has progressed and then continues.
200 .Bl -tag -width /var/log/utx.log -compact
201 .It Pa /var/log/utx.log
205 Show logins in pts/14 with the duration in seconds and limit the report to
207 .Bd -literal -offset indent
208 $ last -n2 -s -t pts/14
209 bob pts/1 Wed Dec 9 11:08 still logged in
210 bob pts/2 Mon Dec 7 20:10 - 20:23 ( 776)
213 Show active logins at
214 .Ql December 7th 20:23
216 .Bd -literal -offset indent
218 bob pts/1 Mon Dec 7 20:10 - 20:23 (00:12)
219 bob pts/6 Mon Dec 7 19:24 - 22:27 (03:03)
220 alice ttyv0 Mon Dec 7 19:18 - 22:27 (03:09)
226 .Xr xo_parse_args 3 ,
231 utility first appeared in
235 The original version was written by
236 .An Howard P. Katseff ;
238 rewrote it in 1986/87 to add functionality and to improve code quality.
242 support in August 2018.
244 If a login shell should terminate abnormally for some reason, it is likely
245 that a logout record will not be written to the
250 will indicate the logout time as "shutdown".