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28 .\" @(#)last.1 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/6/93
35 .Nd indicate last logins of users and ttys
57 utility will either list the sessions of specified
62 in reverse time order,
63 or list the users logged in at a specified date and time.
64 Each line of output contains
65 the user name, the tty from which the session was conducted, any
66 hostname, the start and stop times for the session, and the duration
68 If the session is still continuing or was cut short by
73 The following options are available:
74 .Bl -tag -width indent-two
78 in a selection of different human and machine readable formats.
81 for details on command line arguments.
83 Specify the snapshot date and time.
84 All users logged in at the snapshot date and time will
86 This may be used with the
88 option to derive the results from stored
91 When this argument is provided, all other options except for
96 The argument should be in the form
103 where each pair of letters represents the following:
105 .Bl -tag -width Ds -compact -offset indent
107 The first two digits of the year (the century).
109 The second two digits of the year.
116 between 69 and 99 results in a
123 Month of the year, from 1 to 12.
125 Day of the month, from 1 to 31.
127 Hour of the day, from 0 to 23.
129 Minute of the hour, from 0 to 59.
131 Second of the minute, from 0 to 60.
138 letter pairs are not specified, the values default to the current
142 letter pair is not specified, the value defaults to 0.
146 instead of the default,
147 .Pa /var/log/utx.log .
150 names may be names or internet numbers.
156 Report the duration of the login session in seconds, instead of the
157 default days, hours and minutes.
161 Tty names may be given fully or abbreviated, for example,
165 .Dq Li "last -t tty03" .
167 Widen the duration field to show seconds, as well as the
168 default days, hours and minutes.
170 Report the year in the session start time.
173 If multiple arguments are given,
174 and a snapshot time is not specified,
175 the information which applies to any of the
176 arguments is printed, e.g.,
177 .Dq Li "last root -t console"
180 sessions as well as all sessions on the console terminal.
182 users, hostnames or terminals are specified,
185 all logins and logouts.
189 logs in at reboots of the system, thus
191 will give an indication of mean time between reboot.
195 is interrupted, it indicates to what date the search has
197 If interrupted with a quit signal
200 far the search has progressed and then continues.
202 .Bl -tag -width /var/log/utx.log -compact
203 .It Pa /var/log/utx.log
207 Show logins in pts/14 with the duration in seconds and limit the report to
209 .Bd -literal -offset indent
210 $ last -n2 -s -t pts/14
211 bob pts/1 Wed Dec 9 11:08 still logged in
212 bob pts/2 Mon Dec 7 20:10 - 20:23 ( 776)
215 Show active logins at
216 .Ql December 7th 20:23
218 .Bd -literal -offset indent
220 bob pts/1 Mon Dec 7 20:10 - 20:23 (00:12)
221 bob pts/6 Mon Dec 7 19:24 - 22:27 (03:03)
222 alice ttyv0 Mon Dec 7 19:18 - 22:27 (03:09)
228 .Xr xo_parse_args 3 ,
233 utility first appeared in
237 The original version was written by
238 .An Howard P. Katseff ;
240 rewrote it in 1986/87 to add functionality and to improve code quality.
244 support in August 2018.
246 If a login shell should terminate abnormally for some reason, it is likely
247 that a logout record will not be written to the
252 will indicate the logout time as "shutdown".