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32 .\" @(#)login.1 8.2 (Berkeley) 5/5/94
35 .Dd September 13, 2006
40 .Nd log into the computer
49 utility logs users (and pseudo-users) into the computer system.
51 If no user is specified, or if a user is specified and authentication
54 prompts for a user name.
55 Authentication of users is configurable via
57 Password authentication is the default.
59 The following options are available:
60 .Bl -tag -width indent
62 When a user name is specified, this option indicates that proper
63 authentication has already been done and that no password need be
65 This option may only be used by the super-user or when an already
66 logged in user is logging in as themselves.
68 Specify the host from which the connection was received.
69 It is used by various daemons such as
71 This option may only be used by the super-user.
75 discards any previous environment.
78 option disables this behavior.
81 Login access can be controlled via
86 allow and deny records based on time, tty and remote host name.
92 changes the protection and ownership of certain devices specified in this
95 Immediately after logging a user in,
97 displays the system copyright notice, the date and time the user last
98 logged in, the message of the day as well as other information.
101 exists in the user's home directory, all of these messages are suppressed.
102 This is to simplify logins for non-human users, such as
107 utility enters information into the environment (see
109 specifying the user's home directory (HOME), command interpreter (SHELL),
110 search path (PATH), terminal type (TERM) and user name (both LOGNAME and
112 Other environment variables may be set due to entries in the login
113 class capabilities database, for the login class assigned in the
114 user's system passwd record.
115 The login class also controls the maximum and current process resource
116 limits granted to a login, process priorities and many other aspects of
117 a user's login environment.
119 Some shells may provide a builtin
121 command which is similar or identical to this utility.
128 utility will submit an audit record when login succeeds or fails.
129 Failure to determine the current auditing state will
130 result in an error exit from
133 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa /etc/security/audit_control" -compact
135 changes device protections
136 .It Pa /etc/login.conf
137 login class capabilities database
140 .It Pa /var/mail/user
144 .It Pa /etc/auth.conf
145 configure authentication services
146 .It Pa /etc/pam.d/login
149 .It Pa /etc/security/audit_user
150 user flags for auditing
151 .It Pa /etc/security/audit_control
152 global flags for auditing