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32 .\" @(#)login.1 8.2 (Berkeley) 5/5/94
40 .Nd log into the computer
49 utility logs users (and pseudo-users) into the computer system.
51 If no user is specified, or if a user is specified and authentication
54 prompts for a user name.
55 Authentication of users is configurable via
57 Password authentication is the default.
59 The following options are available:
60 .Bl -tag -width indent
62 When a user name is specified, this option indicates that proper
63 authentication has already been done and that no password need be
65 This option may only be used by the super-user or when an already
66 logged in user is logging in as themselves.
68 Specify the host from which the connection was received.
69 It is used by various daemons such as
71 This option may only be used by the super-user.
75 discards any previous environment.
78 option disables this behavior.
85 checks to see if the user and host pair are specifically allowed or denied
87 Login access may also be controlled via the login class, which provides
88 allow and deny records based on time, tty and remote host name.
94 changes the protection and ownership of certain devices specified in this
97 Immediately after logging a user in,
99 displays the system copyright notice, the date and time the user last
100 logged in, the message of the day as well as other information.
103 exists in the user's home directory, all of these messages are suppressed.
104 This is to simplify logins for non-human users, such as
109 utility enters information into the environment (see
111 specifying the user's home directory (HOME), command interpreter (SHELL),
112 search path (PATH), terminal type (TERM) and user name (both LOGNAME and
114 Other environment variables may be set due to entries in the login
115 class capabilities database, for the login class assigned in the
116 user's system passwd record.
117 The login class also controls the maximum and current process resource
118 limits granted to a login, process priorities and many other aspects of
119 a user's login environment.
121 Some shells may provide a builtin
123 command which is similar or identical to this utility.
128 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa /etc/login.access" -compact
130 changes device protections
131 .It Pa /etc/login.access
132 login access control table
133 .It Pa /etc/login.conf
134 login class capabilities database
137 .It Pa /var/mail/user
141 .It Pa /etc/auth.conf
142 configure authentication services
143 .It Pa /etc/pam.d/login