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32 .\" @(#)login.1 8.2 (Berkeley) 5/5/94
40 .Nd log into the computer
49 utility logs users (and pseudo-users) into the computer system.
51 If no user is specified, or if a user is specified and authentication
54 prompts for a user name.
55 Authentication of users is done via passwords.
57 The options are as follows:
62 option is used when a user name is specified to indicate that proper
63 authentication has already been done and that no password need be
65 This option may only be used by the super-user or when an already
66 logged in user is logging in as themselves.
70 option specifies the host from which the connection was received.
71 It is used by various daemons such as
73 This option may only be used by the super-user.
77 discards any previous environment.
80 option disables this behavior.
87 checks to see if the user and host pair are specifically allowed or denied
89 Login access may also be controlled via the login class, which provides
90 allow and deny records based on time, tty and remote host name.
96 changes the protection and ownership of certain devices specified in this
99 Immediately after logging a user in,
101 displays the system copyright notice, the date and time the user last
102 logged in, the message of the day as well as other information.
105 exists in the user's home directory, all of these messages are suppressed.
106 This is to simplify logins for non-human users, such as
109 then records an entry in the
113 files and executes the user's command interpreter.
116 enters information into the environment (see
118 specifying the user's home directory (HOME), command interpreter (SHELL),
119 search path (PATH), terminal type (TERM) and user name (both LOGNAME and
121 Other environment variables may be set due to entries in the login
122 class capabilities database, for the login class assigned in the
123 user's system passwd record.
124 The login class also controls the maximum and current process resource
125 limits granted to a login, process priorities and many other aspects of
126 a user's login environment.
128 Some shells may provide a builtin
130 command which is similar or identical to this utility.
135 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa /etc/login.access" -compact
137 changes device protections
138 .It Pa /etc/login.access
139 login access control table
140 .It Pa /etc/login.conf
141 login class capabilities database
146 .It Pa /var/log/lastlog
147 last login account records
149 login account records
150 .It Pa /var/mail/user
154 .It Pa /etc/auth.conf
155 configure authentication services
160 entries with service name