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32 .\" @(#)login.1 8.2 (Berkeley) 5/5/94
40 .Nd log into the computer
49 utility logs users (and pseudo-users) into the computer system.
51 If no user is specified, or if a user is specified and authentication
54 prompts for a user name.
55 Authentication of users is done via passwords.
57 The options are as follows:
62 option is used when a user name is specified to indicate that proper
63 authentication has already been done and that no password need be
65 This option may only be used by the super-user or when an already
66 logged in user is logging in as themselves.
70 option specifies the host from which the connection was received.
71 It is used by various daemons such as
73 This option may only be used by the super-user.
77 discards any previous environment.
80 option disables this behavior.
87 displays its contents to the user and exits.
90 to prevent users from logging in when the system is about to go down.
96 checks to see if the user and host pair are specifically allowed or denied
98 Login access may also be controlled via the login class, which provides
99 allow and deny records based on time, tty and remote host name.
105 changes the protection and ownership of certain devices specified in this
112 will offer S/key password validation if the user has an entry in the file.
114 controls from which hosts and/or networks the use of S/key passwords are
117 Immediately after logging a user in,
119 displays the system copyright notice, the date and time the user last
120 logged in, the message of the day as well as other information.
123 exists in the user's home directory, all of these messages are suppressed.
124 This is to simplify logins for non-human users, such as
127 then records an entry in the
131 files and executes the user's command interpreter.
134 enters information into the environment (see
136 specifying the user's home directory (HOME), command interpreter (SHELL),
137 search path (PATH), terminal type (TERM) and user name (both LOGNAME and
139 Other environment variables may be set due to entries in the login
140 class capabilities database, for the login class assigned in the
141 user's system passwd record.
142 The login class also controls the maximum and current process resource
143 limits granted to a login, process priorities and many other aspects of
144 a user's login environment.
146 Some shells may provide a builtin
148 command which is similar or identical to this utility.
153 .Bl -tag -width /var/mail/userXXX -compact
155 changes device protections
156 .It Pa /etc/login.access
157 login access control table
158 .It Pa /etc/login.conf
159 login class capabilities database
162 .It Pa /var/run/nologin
164 .It Pa /etc/skey.access
165 skey password control table
167 skey password database
170 .It Pa /var/log/lastlog
171 last login account records
173 login account records
174 .It Pa /var/mail/user
178 .It Pa /etc/auth.conf
179 configure authentication services
183 is configured with PAM support, it uses
185 entries with service name