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28 .\" @(#)passwd.1 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/6/93
35 .Nd modify a user's password
49 utility changes the user's local, Kerberos, or NIS password.
50 If the user is not the super-user,
52 first prompts for the current password and will not continue unless the correct
55 When entering the new password, the characters entered do not echo, in order to
56 avoid the password being seen by a passer-by.
59 utility prompts for the new password twice in order to detect typing errors.
61 The total length of the password must be less than
63 (currently 128 characters).
65 Once the password has been verified,
67 communicates the new password information to
68 the Kerberos authenticating host.
70 The following option is available:
71 .Bl -tag -width indent
73 Cause the password to be updated only in the local
74 password file, and not with the Kerberos database.
75 When changing only the local password,
77 is used to update the password databases.
80 When changing local or NIS password, the next password change date
83 capability in the user's login class.
85 To change another user's Kerberos password, one must first
90 The super-user is not required to provide a user's current password
91 if only the local password is modified.
95 utility has built-in support for NIS.
96 If a user exists in the NIS password
97 database but does not exist locally,
99 automatically switches into
103 user does not exist in either the local password database or the
108 When changing an NIS password, unprivileged users are required to provide
109 their old password for authentication (the
111 daemon requires the original password before
112 it will allow any changes to the NIS password maps).
113 This restriction applies even to the
114 super-user, with one important exception: the password authentication is
115 bypassed for the super-user on the NIS master server.
117 the super-user on the NIS master server can make unrestricted changes to
118 anyone's NIS password.
119 The super-user on NIS client systems and NIS slave
120 servers still needs to provide a password before the update will be processed.
122 The following additional options are supported for use with NIS:
123 .Bl -tag -width indent
127 checking heuristics and forces
130 When NIS is enabled, the
132 flag can be used to force
137 This flag can be used to change the entry
138 for a local user when an NIS user exists with the same login name.
139 For example, you will sometimes find entries for system
145 in both the NIS password maps and the local user database.
149 will try to change the NIS password.
152 flag can be used to change the local password instead.
154 Specify what domain to use when changing an NIS password.
157 assumes that the system default domain should be used.
159 primarily for use by the superuser on the NIS master server: a single
160 NIS server can support multiple domains.
161 It is also possible that the
162 domainname on the NIS master may not be set (it is not necessary for
163 an NIS server to also be a client) in which case the
165 command needs to be told what domain to operate on.
167 Specify the name of an NIS server.
168 This option, in conjunction
171 option, can be used to change an NIS password on a non-local NIS
173 When a domain is specified with the
177 is unable to determine the name of the NIS master server (possibly because
178 the local domainname is not set), the name of the NIS master is assumed to
181 This can be overridden with the
184 The specified hostname need not be the name of an NIS master: the
185 name of the NIS master for a given map can be determined by querying any
186 NIS server (master or slave) in a domain, so specifying the name of a
187 slave server will work equally well.
189 Do not automatically override the password authentication checks for the
190 super-user on the NIS master server; assume
194 flag is of limited practical use but is useful for testing.
197 .Bl -tag -width /etc/master.passwd -compact
198 .It Pa /etc/master.passwd
201 a Version 7 format password file
202 .It Pa /etc/passwd.XXXXXX
203 temporary copy of the password file
204 .It Pa /etc/login.conf
205 login class capabilities database
222 .%T "UNIX password security"
227 command is really only a link to