usr.bin/rpcgen/rpc_cout.c

   1 /*
   2  * Sun RPC is a product of Sun Microsystems, Inc. and is provided for
   3  * unrestricted use provided that this legend is included on all tape
   4  * media and as a part of the software program in whole or part.  Users
   5  * may copy or modify Sun RPC without charge, but are not authorized
   6  * to license or distribute it to anyone else except as part of a product or
   7  * program developed by the user.
   8  *
   9  * SUN RPC IS PROVIDED AS IS WITH NO WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND INCLUDING THE
  10  * WARRANTIES OF DESIGN, MERCHANTIBILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
  11  * PURPOSE, OR ARISING FROM A COURSE OF DEALING, USAGE OR TRADE PRACTICE.
  12  *
  13  * Sun RPC is provided with no support and without any obligation on the
  14  * part of Sun Microsystems, Inc. to assist in its use, correction,
  15  * modification or enhancement.
  16  *
  17  * SUN MICROSYSTEMS, INC. SHALL HAVE NO LIABILITY WITH RESPECT TO THE
  18  * INFRINGEMENT OF COPYRIGHTS, TRADE SECRETS OR ANY PATENTS BY SUN RPC
  19  * OR ANY PART THEREOF.
  20  *
  21  * In no event will Sun Microsystems, Inc. be liable for any lost revenue
  22  * or profits or other special, indirect and consequential damages, even if
  23  * Sun has been advised of the possibility of such damages.
  24  *
  25  * Sun Microsystems, Inc.
  26  * 2550 Garcia Avenue
  27  * Mountain View, California  94043
  28  */
  29
  30 #if 0
  31 #ifndef lint
  32 #ident  "@(#)rpc_cout.c 1.14    93/07/05 SMI"
  33 static char sccsid[] = "@(#)rpc_cout.c 1.13 89/02/22 (C) 1987 SMI";
  34 #endif
  35 #endif
  36
  37 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
  38 /*
  39  * rpc_cout.c, XDR routine outputter for the RPC protocol compiler
  40  * Copyright (C) 1987, Sun Microsystems, Inc.
  41  */
  42 #include <ctype.h>
  43 #include <stdio.h>
  44 #include <string.h>
  45 #include "rpc_parse.h"
  46 #include "rpc_scan.h"
  47 #include "rpc_util.h"
  48
  49 static void print_header( definition * );
  50 static void print_trailer( void );
  51 static void print_stat( int , declaration * );
  52 static void emit_enum( definition * );
  53 static void emit_program( definition * );
  54 static void emit_union( definition * );
  55 static void emit_struct( definition * );
  56 static void emit_typedef( definition * );
  57 static void emit_inline( int, declaration *, int );
  58 static void emit_single_in_line( int, declaration *, int, relation );
  59
  60 /*
  61  * Emit the C-routine for the given definition
  62  */
  63 void
  64 emit(definition *def)
  65 {
  66         if (def->def_kind == DEF_CONST) {
  67                 return;
  68         }
  69         if (def->def_kind == DEF_PROGRAM) {
  70                 emit_program(def);
  71                 return;
  72         }
  73         if (def->def_kind == DEF_TYPEDEF) {
  74                 /*
  75                  * now we need to handle declarations like
  76                  * struct typedef foo foo;
  77                  * since we dont want this to be expanded into 2 calls to xdr_foo
  78                  */
  79
  80                 if (strcmp(def->def.ty.old_type, def->def_name) == 0)
  81                         return;
  82         }
  83         print_header(def);
  84         switch (def->def_kind) {
  85         case DEF_UNION:
  86                 emit_union(def);
  87                 break;
  88         case DEF_ENUM:
  89                 emit_enum(def);
  90                 break;
  91         case DEF_STRUCT:
  92                 emit_struct(def);
  93                 break;
  94         case DEF_TYPEDEF:
  95                 emit_typedef(def);
  96                 break;
  97                 /* DEF_CONST and DEF_PROGRAM have already been handled */
  98         default:
  99                 break;
 100         }
 101         print_trailer();
 102 }
 103
 104 static int
 105 findtype(definition *def, const char *type)
 106 {
 107
 108         if (def->def_kind == DEF_PROGRAM || def->def_kind == DEF_CONST) {
 109                 return (0);
 110         } else {
 111                 return (streq(def->def_name, type));
 112         }
 113 }
 114
 115 static int
 116 undefined(const char *type)
 117 {
 118         definition *def;
 119
 120         def = (definition *) FINDVAL(defined, type, findtype);
 121         return (def == NULL);
 122 }
 123
 124
 125 static void
 126 print_generic_header(const char *procname, int pointerp)
 127 {
 128         f_print(fout, "\n");
 129         f_print(fout, "bool_t\n");
 130         f_print(fout, "xdr_%s(", procname);
 131         f_print(fout, "XDR *xdrs, ");
 132         f_print(fout, "%s ", procname);
 133         if (pointerp)
 134                 f_print(fout, "*");
 135         f_print(fout, "objp)\n{\n\n");
 136 }
 137
 138 static void
 139 print_header(definition *def)
 140 {
 141         print_generic_header(def->def_name,
 142                             def->def_kind != DEF_TYPEDEF ||
 143                             !isvectordef(def->def.ty.old_type,
 144                                          def->def.ty.rel));
 145         /* Now add Inline support */
 146
 147         if (inline_size == 0)
 148                 return;
 149         /* May cause lint to complain. but  ... */
 150         f_print(fout, "\tregister long *buf;\n\n");
 151 }
 152
 153 static void
 154 print_prog_header(proc_list *plist)
 155 {
 156         print_generic_header(plist->args.argname, 1);
 157 }
 158
 159 static void
 160 print_trailer(void)
 161 {
 162         f_print(fout, "\treturn (TRUE);\n");
 163         f_print(fout, "}\n");
 164 }
 165
 166
 167 static void
 168 print_ifopen(int indent, const char *name)
 169 {
 170         tabify(fout, indent);
 171         f_print(fout, "if (!xdr_%s(xdrs", name);
 172 }
 173
 174 static void
 175 print_ifarg(const char *arg)
 176 {
 177         f_print(fout, ", %s", arg);
 178 }
 179
 180 static void
 181 print_ifsizeof(int indent, const char *prefix, const char *type)
 182 {
 183         if (indent) {
 184                 f_print(fout, ",\n");
 185                 tabify(fout, indent);
 186         } else  {
 187                 f_print(fout, ", ");
 188         }
 189         if (streq(type, "bool")) {
 190                 f_print(fout, "sizeof (bool_t), (xdrproc_t) xdr_bool");
 191         } else {
 192                 f_print(fout, "sizeof (");
 193                 if (undefined(type) && prefix) {
 194                         f_print(fout, "%s ", prefix);
 195                 }
 196                 f_print(fout, "%s), (xdrproc_t) xdr_%s", type, type);
 197         }
 198 }
 199
 200 static void
 201 print_ifclose(int indent, int brace)
 202 {
 203         f_print(fout, "))\n");
 204         tabify(fout, indent);
 205         f_print(fout, "\treturn (FALSE);\n");
 206         if (brace)
 207                 f_print(fout, "\t}\n");
 208 }
 209
 210 static void
 211 print_ifstat(int indent, const char *prefix, const char *type, relation rel,
 212     const char *amax, const char *objname, const char *name)
 213 {
 214         const char *alt = NULL;
 215         int brace = 0;
 216
 217         switch (rel) {
 218         case REL_POINTER:
 219                 brace = 1;
 220                 f_print(fout, "\t{\n");
 221                 f_print(fout, "\t%s **pp = %s;\n", type, objname);
 222                 print_ifopen(indent, "pointer");
 223                 print_ifarg("(char **)");
 224                 f_print(fout, "pp");
 225                 print_ifsizeof(0, prefix, type);
 226                 break;
 227         case REL_VECTOR:
 228                 if (streq(type, "string")) {
 229                         alt = "string";
 230                 } else if (streq(type, "opaque")) {
 231                         alt = "opaque";
 232                 }
 233                 if (alt) {
 234                         print_ifopen(indent, alt);
 235                         print_ifarg(objname);
 236                 } else {
 237                         print_ifopen(indent, "vector");
 238                         print_ifarg("(char *)");
 239                         f_print(fout, "%s", objname);
 240                 }
 241                 print_ifarg(amax);
 242                 if (!alt) {
 243                         print_ifsizeof(indent + 1, prefix, type);
 244                 }
 245                 break;
 246         case REL_ARRAY:
 247                 if (streq(type, "string")) {
 248                         alt = "string";
 249                 } else if (streq(type, "opaque")) {
 250                         alt = "bytes";
 251                 }
 252                 if (streq(type, "string")) {
 253                         print_ifopen(indent, alt);
 254                         print_ifarg(objname);
 255                 } else {
 256                         if (alt) {
 257                                 print_ifopen(indent, alt);
 258                         } else {
 259                                 print_ifopen(indent, "array");
 260                         }
 261                         print_ifarg("(char **)");
 262                         if (*objname == '&') {
 263                                 f_print(fout, "%s.%s_val, (u_int *) %s.%s_len",
 264                                         objname, name, objname, name);
 265                         } else {
 266                                 f_print(fout,
 267                                         "&%s->%s_val, (u_int *) &%s->%s_len",
 268                                         objname, name, objname, name);
 269                         }
 270                 }
 271                 print_ifarg(amax);
 272                 if (!alt) {
 273                         print_ifsizeof(indent + 1, prefix, type);
 274                 }
 275                 break;
 276         case REL_ALIAS:
 277                 print_ifopen(indent, type);
 278                 print_ifarg(objname);
 279                 break;
 280         }
 281         print_ifclose(indent, brace);
 282 }
 283
 284 /* ARGSUSED */
 285 static void
 286 emit_enum(definition *def __unused)
 287 {
 288         print_ifopen(1, "enum");
 289         print_ifarg("(enum_t *)objp");
 290         print_ifclose(1, 0);
 291 }
 292
 293 static void
 294 emit_program(definition *def)
 295 {
 296         decl_list *dl;
 297         version_list *vlist;
 298         proc_list *plist;
 299
 300         for (vlist = def->def.pr.versions; vlist != NULL; vlist = vlist->next)
 301                 for (plist = vlist->procs; plist != NULL; plist = plist->next) {
 302                         if (!newstyle || plist->arg_num < 2)
 303                                 continue; /* old style, or single argument */
 304                         print_prog_header(plist);
 305                         for (dl = plist->args.decls; dl != NULL;
 306                              dl = dl->next)
 307                                 print_stat(1, &dl->decl);
 308                         print_trailer();
 309                 }
 310 }
 311
 312
 313 static void
 314 emit_union(definition *def)
 315 {
 316         declaration *dflt;
 317         case_list *cl;
 318         declaration *cs;
 319         char *object;
 320         const char *vecformat = "objp->%s_u.%s";
 321         const char *format = "&objp->%s_u.%s";
 322
 323         print_stat(1, &def->def.un.enum_decl);
 324         f_print(fout, "\tswitch (objp->%s) {\n", def->def.un.enum_decl.name);
 325         for (cl = def->def.un.cases; cl != NULL; cl = cl->next) {
 326
 327                 f_print(fout, "\tcase %s:\n", cl->case_name);
 328                 if (cl->contflag == 1) /* a continued case statement */
 329                         continue;
 330                 cs = &cl->case_decl;
 331                 if (!streq(cs->type, "void")) {
 332                         object = xmalloc(strlen(def->def_name) +
 333                                          strlen(format) + strlen(cs->name) + 1);
 334                         if (isvectordef (cs->type, cs->rel)) {
 335                                 s_print(object, vecformat, def->def_name,
 336                                         cs->name);
 337                         } else {
 338                                 s_print(object, format, def->def_name,
 339                                         cs->name);
 340                         }
 341                         print_ifstat(2, cs->prefix, cs->type, cs->rel,
 342                                      cs->array_max, object, cs->name);
 343                         free(object);
 344                 }
 345                 f_print(fout, "\t\tbreak;\n");
 346         }
 347         dflt = def->def.un.default_decl;
 348         if (dflt != NULL) {
 349                 if (!streq(dflt->type, "void")) {
 350                         f_print(fout, "\tdefault:\n");
 351                         object = xmalloc(strlen(def->def_name) +
 352                                          strlen(format) + strlen(dflt->name) + 1);
 353                         if (isvectordef (dflt->type, dflt->rel)) {
 354                                 s_print(object, vecformat, def->def_name,
 355                                         dflt->name);
 356                         } else {
 357                                 s_print(object, format, def->def_name,
 358                                         dflt->name);
 359                         }
 360
 361                         print_ifstat(2, dflt->prefix, dflt->type, dflt->rel,
 362                                     dflt->array_max, object, dflt->name);
 363                         free(object);
 364                         f_print(fout, "\t\tbreak;\n");
 365                 } else {
 366                         f_print(fout, "\tdefault:\n");
 367                         f_print(fout, "\t\tbreak;\n");
 368                 }
 369         } else {
 370                 f_print(fout, "\tdefault:\n");
 371                 f_print(fout, "\t\treturn (FALSE);\n");
 372         }
 373
 374         f_print(fout, "\t}\n");
 375 }
 376
 377 static void
 378 inline_struct(definition *def, int flag)
 379 {
 380         decl_list *dl;
 381         int i, size;
 382         decl_list *cur, *psav;
 383         bas_type *ptr;
 384         char *sizestr;
 385         const char *plus;
 386         char ptemp[256];
 387         int indent = 1;
 388
 389         cur = NULL;
 390         if (flag == PUT)
 391                 f_print(fout, "\n\tif (xdrs->x_op == XDR_ENCODE) {\n");
 392         else
 393                 f_print(fout, "\t\treturn (TRUE);\n\t} else if (xdrs->x_op == XDR_DECODE) {\n");
 394
 395         i = 0;
 396         size = 0;
 397         sizestr = NULL;
 398         for (dl = def->def.st.decls; dl != NULL; dl = dl->next) { /* xxx */
 399                 /* now walk down the list and check for basic types */
 400                 if ((dl->decl.prefix == NULL) &&
 401                     ((ptr = find_type(dl->decl.type)) != NULL) &&
 402                     ((dl->decl.rel == REL_ALIAS) ||
 403                      (dl->decl.rel == REL_VECTOR))){
 404                         if (i == 0)
 405                                 cur = dl;
 406                         i++;
 407
 408                         if (dl->decl.rel == REL_ALIAS)
 409                                 size += ptr->length;
 410                         else {
 411                                 /* this code is required to handle arrays */
 412                                 if (sizestr == NULL)
 413                                         plus = "";
 414                                 else
 415                                         plus = " + ";
 416
 417                                 if (ptr->length != 1)
 418                                         s_print(ptemp, "%s%s * %d",
 419                                                 plus, dl->decl.array_max,
 420                                                 ptr->length);
 421                                 else
 422                                         s_print(ptemp, "%s%s", plus,
 423                                                 dl->decl.array_max);
 424
 425                                 /* now concatenate to sizestr !!!! */
 426                                 if (sizestr == NULL) {
 427                                         sizestr = xstrdup(ptemp);
 428                                 }
 429                                 else{
 430                                         sizestr = xrealloc(sizestr,
 431                                                           strlen(sizestr)
 432                                                           +strlen(ptemp)+1);
 433                                         sizestr = strcat(sizestr, ptemp);
 434                                         /* build up length of array */
 435                                 }
 436                         }
 437                 } else {
 438                         if (i > 0) {
 439                                 if (sizestr == NULL && size < inline_size){
 440                                         /*
 441                                          * don't expand into inline code
 442                                          * if size < inline_size
 443                                          */
 444                                         while (cur != dl){
 445                                                 print_stat(indent + 1, &cur->decl);
 446                                                 cur = cur->next;
 447                                         }
 448                                 } else {
 449                                         /* were already looking at a xdr_inlineable structure */
 450                                         tabify(fout, indent + 1);
 451                                         if (sizestr == NULL)
 452                                                 f_print(fout, "buf = XDR_INLINE(xdrs, %d * BYTES_PER_XDR_UNIT);",
 453                                                         size);
 454                                         else {
 455                                                 if (size == 0)
 456                                                         f_print(fout,
 457                                                                 "buf = XDR_INLINE(xdrs, (%s) * BYTES_PER_XDR_UNIT);",
 458                                                                 sizestr);
 459                                                 else
 460                                                         f_print(fout,
 461                                                                 "buf = XDR_INLINE(xdrs, (%d + (%s)) * BYTES_PER_XDR_UNIT);",
 462                                                                 size, sizestr);
 463
 464                                         }
 465                                         f_print(fout, "\n");
 466                                         tabify(fout, indent + 1);
 467                                         f_print(fout,
 468                                                 "if (buf == NULL) {\n");
 469
 470                                         psav = cur;
 471                                         while (cur != dl){
 472                                                 print_stat(indent + 2, &cur->decl);
 473                                                 cur = cur->next;
 474                                         }
 475
 476                                         f_print(fout, "\n\t\t} else {\n");
 477
 478                                         cur = psav;
 479                                         while (cur != dl){
 480                                                 emit_inline(indent + 2, &cur->decl, flag);
 481                                                 cur = cur->next;
 482                                         }
 483
 484                                         tabify(fout, indent + 1);
 485                                         f_print(fout, "}\n");
 486                                 }
 487                         }
 488                         size = 0;
 489                         i = 0;
 490                         free(sizestr);
 491                         sizestr = NULL;
 492                         print_stat(indent + 1, &dl->decl);
 493                 }
 494         }
 495
 496         if (i > 0) {
 497                 if (sizestr == NULL && size < inline_size){
 498                         /* don't expand into inline code if size < inline_size */
 499                         while (cur != dl){
 500                                 print_stat(indent + 1, &cur->decl);
 501                                 cur = cur->next;
 502                         }
 503                 } else {
 504                         /* were already looking at a xdr_inlineable structure */
 505                         if (sizestr == NULL)
 506                                 f_print(fout, "\t\tbuf = XDR_INLINE(xdrs, %d * BYTES_PER_XDR_UNIT);",
 507                                         size);
 508                         else
 509                                 if (size == 0)
 510                                         f_print(fout,
 511                                                 "\t\tbuf = XDR_INLINE(xdrs, (%s) * BYTES_PER_XDR_UNIT);",
 512                                                 sizestr);
 513                                 else
 514                                         f_print(fout,
 515                                                 "\t\tbuf = XDR_INLINE(xdrs, (%d + (%s)) * BYTES_PER_XDR_UNIT);",
 516                                                 size, sizestr);
 517
 518                         f_print(fout, "\n\t\tif (buf == NULL) {\n");
 519                         psav = cur;
 520                         while (cur != NULL){
 521                                 print_stat(indent + 2, &cur->decl);
 522                                 cur = cur->next;
 523                         }
 524                         f_print(fout, "\t\t} else {\n");
 525
 526                         cur = psav;
 527                         while (cur != dl){
 528                                 emit_inline(indent + 2, &cur->decl, flag);
 529                                 cur = cur->next;
 530                         }
 531                         f_print(fout, "\t\t}\n");
 532                 }
 533         }
 534 }
 535
 536 static void
 537 emit_struct(definition *def)
 538 {
 539         decl_list *dl;
 540         int j, size, flag;
 541         bas_type *ptr;
 542         int can_inline;
 543
 544         if (inline_size == 0) {
 545                 /* No xdr_inlining at all */
 546                 for (dl = def->def.st.decls; dl != NULL; dl = dl->next)
 547                         print_stat(1, &dl->decl);
 548                 return;
 549         }
 550
 551         for (dl = def->def.st.decls; dl != NULL; dl = dl->next)
 552                 if (dl->decl.rel == REL_VECTOR &&
 553                     strcmp(dl->decl.type, "opaque") != 0){
 554                         f_print(fout, "\tint i;\n");
 555                         break;
 556                 }
 557
 558         size = 0;
 559         can_inline = 0;
 560         /*
 561          * Make a first pass and see if inling is possible.
 562          */
 563         for (dl = def->def.st.decls; dl != NULL; dl = dl->next)
 564                 if ((dl->decl.prefix == NULL) &&
 565                     ((ptr = find_type(dl->decl.type)) != NULL) &&
 566                     ((dl->decl.rel == REL_ALIAS)||
 567                      (dl->decl.rel == REL_VECTOR))){
 568                         if (dl->decl.rel == REL_ALIAS)
 569                                 size += ptr->length;
 570                         else {
 571                                 can_inline = 1;
 572                                 break; /* can be inlined */
 573                         }
 574                 } else {
 575                         if (size >= inline_size){
 576                                 can_inline = 1;
 577                                 break; /* can be inlined */
 578                         }
 579                         size = 0;
 580                 }
 581         if (size >= inline_size)
 582                 can_inline = 1;
 583
 584         if (can_inline == 0){   /* can not inline, drop back to old mode */
 585                 for (dl = def->def.st.decls; dl != NULL; dl = dl->next)
 586                         print_stat(1, &dl->decl);
 587                 return;
 588         }
 589
 590         flag = PUT;
 591         for (j = 0; j < 2; j++){
 592                 inline_struct(def, flag);
 593                 if (flag == PUT)
 594                         flag = GET;
 595         }
 596
 597         f_print(fout, "\t\treturn (TRUE);\n\t}\n\n");
 598
 599         /* now take care of XDR_FREE case */
 600
 601         for (dl = def->def.st.decls; dl != NULL; dl = dl->next)
 602                 print_stat(1, &dl->decl);
 603
 604 }
 605
 606 static void
 607 emit_typedef(definition *def)
 608 {
 609         const char *prefix = def->def.ty.old_prefix;
 610         const char *type = def->def.ty.old_type;
 611         const char *amax = def->def.ty.array_max;
 612         relation rel = def->def.ty.rel;
 613
 614         print_ifstat(1, prefix, type, rel, amax, "objp", def->def_name);
 615 }
 616
 617 static void
 618 print_stat(int indent, declaration *dec)
 619 {
 620         const char *prefix = dec->prefix;
 621         const char *type = dec->type;
 622         const char *amax = dec->array_max;
 623         relation rel = dec->rel;
 624         char name[256];
 625
 626         if (isvectordef(type, rel)) {
 627                 s_print(name, "objp->%s", dec->name);
 628         } else {
 629                 s_print(name, "&objp->%s", dec->name);
 630         }
 631         print_ifstat(indent, prefix, type, rel, amax, name, dec->name);
 632 }
 633
 634
 635 char *upcase(const char *);
 636
 637 static void
 638 emit_inline(int indent, declaration *decl, int flag)
 639 {
 640         switch (decl->rel) {
 641         case  REL_ALIAS :
 642                 emit_single_in_line(indent, decl, flag, REL_ALIAS);
 643                 break;
 644         case REL_VECTOR :
 645                 tabify(fout, indent);
 646                 f_print(fout, "{\n");
 647                 tabify(fout, indent + 1);
 648                 f_print(fout, "%s *genp;\n\n", decl->type);
 649                 tabify(fout, indent + 1);
 650                 f_print(fout,
 651                         "for (i = 0, genp = objp->%s;\n", decl->name);
 652                 tabify(fout, indent + 2);
 653                 f_print(fout, "i < %s; i++) {\n", decl->array_max);
 654                 emit_single_in_line(indent + 2, decl, flag, REL_VECTOR);
 655                 tabify(fout, indent + 1);
 656                 f_print(fout, "}\n");
 657                 tabify(fout, indent);
 658                 f_print(fout, "}\n");
 659                 break;
 660         default:
 661                 break;
 662         }
 663 }
 664
 665 static void
 666 emit_single_in_line(int indent, declaration *decl, int flag, relation rel)
 667 {
 668         char *upp_case;
 669
 670         tabify(fout, indent);
 671         if (flag == PUT)
 672                 f_print(fout, "IXDR_PUT_");
 673         else
 674                 if (rel == REL_ALIAS)
 675                         f_print(fout, "objp->%s = IXDR_GET_", decl->name);
 676                 else
 677                         f_print(fout, "*genp++ = IXDR_GET_");
 678
 679         upp_case = upcase(decl->type);
 680
 681         /* hack  - XX */
 682         if (strcmp(upp_case, "INT") == 0)
 683         {
 684                 free(upp_case);
 685                 upp_case = strdup("LONG");
 686         }
 687
 688         if (strcmp(upp_case, "U_INT") == 0)
 689         {
 690                 free(upp_case);
 691                 upp_case = strdup("U_LONG");
 692         }
 693         if (flag == PUT)
 694                 if (rel == REL_ALIAS)
 695                         f_print(fout,
 696                                 "%s(buf, objp->%s);\n", upp_case, decl->name);
 697                 else
 698                         f_print(fout, "%s(buf, *genp++);\n", upp_case);
 699
 700         else
 701                 f_print(fout, "%s(buf);\n", upp_case);
 702         free(upp_case);
 703 }
 704
 705 char *
 706 upcase(const char *str)
 707 {
 708         char *ptr, *hptr;
 709
 710         ptr = (char *)xmalloc(strlen(str)+1);
 711
 712         hptr = ptr;
 713         while (*str != '\0')
 714                 *ptr++ = toupper(*str++);
 715
 716         *ptr = '\0';
 717         return (hptr);
 718 }