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32 .\" @(#)systat.1 8.2 (Berkeley) 12/30/93
40 .Nd display system statistics
44 .Op Ar refresh-interval
48 utility displays various system statistics in a screen oriented fashion
49 using the curses screen display library,
54 is running the screen is usually divided into two windows (an exception
55 is the vmstat display which uses the entire screen).
57 upper window depicts the current system load average.
59 information displayed in the lower window may vary, depending on
61 The last line on the screen is reserved for user
62 input and error messages.
66 displays the processes getting the largest percentage of the processor
68 Other displays show swap space usage, disk
72 virtual memory statistics (a la
74 network ``mbuf'' utilization,
77 and network connections (a la
80 Input is interpreted at two different levels.
81 A ``global'' command interpreter processes all keyboard input.
82 If this command interpreter fails to recognize a command, the
83 input line is passed to a per-display command interpreter.
85 allows each display to have certain display-specific commands.
88 .Bl -tag -width "refresh_interval"
109 These displays can also be requested interactively (without the
113 .It Ar refresh-interval
116 specifies the screen refresh time interval in seconds.
119 Certain characters cause immediate action by
126 Print the name of the current ``display'' being shown in
127 the lower window and the refresh interval.
129 Move the cursor to the command line and interpret the input
130 line typed as a command.
131 While entering a command the
132 current character erase, word erase, and line kill characters
136 The following commands are interpreted by the ``global''
140 Print the names of the available displays on the command line.
142 Print the load average over the past 1, 5, and 15 minutes
145 Stop refreshing the screen.
150 Start (continue) refreshing the screen.
151 If a second, numeric,
152 argument is provided it is interpreted as a refresh interval
154 Supplying only a number will set the refresh interval to this
159 (This may be abbreviated to
163 The available displays are:
166 Display, in the lower window, those processes resident in main
167 memory and getting the
168 largest portion of the processor (the default display).
169 When less than 100% of the
170 processor is scheduled to user processes, the remaining time
171 is accounted to the ``idle'' process.
173 Display, in the lower window, statistics about messages received and
174 transmitted by the Internet Control Message Protocol
176 The left half of the screen displays information about received
177 packets, and the right half displays information regarding transmitted
182 display understands two commands:
188 command is used to select one of four display modes, given as its argument:
189 .Bl -tag -width absoluteXX -compact
191 show the rate of change of each value in packets (the default)
194 show the rate of change of each value in packets per refresh interval
196 show the total change of each value since the display was last reset
198 show the absolute value of each statistic
203 command resets the baseline for
208 command with no argument will display the current mode in the command
211 This display is like the
214 but displays statistics for IPv6 ICMP.
216 Otherwise identical to the
218 display, except that it displays
227 except that it displays
239 Display, in the lower window, statistics about processor use
241 Statistics on processor use appear as
242 bar graphs of the amount of time executing in user mode (``user''),
243 in user mode running low priority processes (``nice''), in
244 system mode (``system''), in interrupt mode (``interrupt''),
247 on disk throughput show, for each drive, megabytes per second,
248 average number of disk transactions per second, and
249 average kilobytes of data per transaction.
250 This information may be
251 displayed as bar graphs or as rows of numbers which scroll downward.
253 graphs are shown by default.
255 The following commands are specific to the
257 display; the minimum unambiguous prefix may be supplied.
259 .Bl -tag -width Fl -compact
263 statistics in numeric form.
265 displayed in numeric columns which scroll downward.
269 statistics in bar graph form (default).
271 Toggle the display of kilobytes per transaction.
273 not display kilobytes per transaction).
276 Show information about swap space usage on all the
277 swap areas compiled into the kernel.
278 The first column is the device name of the partition.
279 The next column is the total space available in the partition.
282 column indicates the total blocks used so far;
283 the graph shows the percentage of space in use on each partition.
284 If there are more than one swap partition in use,
285 a total line is also shown.
286 Areas known to the kernel, but not in use are shown as not available.
288 Display, in the lower window, the number of mbufs allocated
289 for particular uses, i.e., data, socket structures, etc.
291 Display, in the lower window,
292 the current values of available hardware sensors,
293 in a format similar to that of
296 Take over the entire display and show a (rather crowded) compendium
297 of statistics related to virtual memory usage, process scheduling,
298 device interrupts, system name translation caching, disk
302 The upper left quadrant of the screen shows the number
303 of users logged in and the load average over the last one, five,
304 and fifteen minute intervals.
305 Below this line are statistics on memory utilization.
306 The first row of the table reports memory usage only among
307 active processes, that is processes that have run in the previous
309 The second row reports on memory usage of all processes.
310 The first column reports on the number of kilobytes in physical pages
311 claimed by processes.
312 The second column reports the number of kilobytes in physical pages that
313 are devoted to read only text pages.
314 The third and fourth columns report the same two figures for
315 virtual pages, that is the number of kilobytes in pages that would be
316 needed if all processes had all of their pages.
317 Finally the last column shows the number of kilobytes in physical pages
320 Below the memory display is a list of the
321 average number of processes (over the last refresh interval)
322 that are runnable (`r'), in page wait (`p'),
323 in disk wait other than paging (`d'),
324 sleeping (`s'), and swapped out but desiring to run (`w').
325 The row also shows the average number of context switches
326 (`Csw'), traps (`Trp'; includes page faults), system calls (`Sys'),
327 interrupts (`Int'), network software interrupts (`Sof'), and page
330 Below the process queue length listing is a numerical listing and
331 a bar graph showing the amount of
332 system (shown as `='), interrupt (shown as `+'), user (shown as `>'),
333 nice (shown as `-'), and idle time (shown as ` ').
335 Below the process display are statistics on name translations.
336 It lists the number of names translated in the previous interval,
337 the number and percentage of the translations that were
338 handled by the system wide name translation cache, and
339 the number and percentage of the translations that were
340 handled by the per process name translation cache.
342 To the right of the name translations display are lines showing
343 the number of dirty buffers in the buffer cache (`dtbuf'),
344 desired maximum size of vnode cache (`desvn'),
345 number of vnodes actually allocated (`numvn'),
347 number of allocated vnodes that are free (`frevn').
349 At the bottom left is the disk usage display.
350 It reports the number of
351 kilobytes per transaction, transactions per second, megabytes
352 per second and the percentage of the time the disk was busy averaged
353 over the refresh period of the display (by default, five seconds).
354 The system keeps statistics on most every storage device.
356 to seven devices are displayed.
357 The devices displayed by default are the
358 first devices in the kernel's device list.
363 for details on the devstat system.
365 Under the date in the upper right hand quadrant are statistics
366 on paging and swapping activity.
367 The first two columns report the average number of pages
368 brought in and out per second over the last refresh interval
369 due to page faults and the paging daemon.
370 The third and fourth columns report the average number of pages
371 brought in and out per second over the last refresh interval
372 due to swap requests initiated by the scheduler.
373 The first row of the display shows the average
374 number of disk transfers per second over the last refresh interval;
375 the second row of the display shows the average
376 number of pages transferred per second over the last refresh interval.
378 Below the paging statistics is a column of lines regarding the virtual
380 The first few lines describe,
381 in units (except as noted below)
382 of pages per second averaged over the sampling interval,
383 pages copied on write (`cow'),
384 pages zero filled on demand (`zfod'),
385 pages optimally zero filled on demand (`ozfod'),
386 the ratio of the (average) ozfod / zfod as a percentage (`%ozfod'),
387 pages freed by the page daemon (`daefr'),
388 pages freed by exiting processes (`prcfr'),
389 total pages freed (`totfr'),
390 pages reactivated from the free list (`react'),
391 the average number of
392 times per second that the page daemon was awakened (`pdwak'),
393 pages analyzed by the page daemon (`pdpgs'),
395 in-transit blocking page faults (`intrn').
396 Note that the units are special for `%ozfod' and `pdwak'.
397 The next few lines describe,
398 as amounts of memory in kilobytes,
399 pages wired down (`wire'),
400 active pages (`act'),
401 inactive pages (`inact'),
402 pages on the cache queue (`cache'),
405 Note that the values displayed are the current transient ones;
406 they are not averages.
408 At the bottom of this column is a line showing the
409 amount of virtual memory, in kilobytes, mapped into the buffer cache (`buf').
410 This statistic is not useful.
411 It exists only as a placeholder for the corresponding useful statistic
412 (the amount of real memory used to cache disks).
413 The most important component of the latter (the amount of real memory
414 used by the vm system to cache disks) is not available,
415 but can be guessed from the `inact' amount under some system loads.
417 Running down the right hand side of the display is a breakdown
418 of the interrupts being handled by the system.
419 At the top of the list is the total interrupts per second
420 over the time interval.
421 The rest of the column breaks down the total on a device
423 Only devices that have interrupted at least once since boot time are shown.
425 The following commands are specific to the
427 display; the minimum unambiguous prefix may be supplied.
429 .Bl -tag -width Ar -compact
431 Display cumulative statistics since the system was booted.
433 Display statistics as a running total from the point this
436 Display statistics averaged over the refresh interval (the default).
438 Reset running statistics to zero.
441 Display, in the lower window, network connections.
443 network servers awaiting requests are not displayed.
445 is displayed in the format ``host.port'', with each shown symbolically,
447 It is possible to have addresses displayed numerically,
448 limit the display to a set of ports, hosts, and/or protocols
449 (the minimum unambiguous prefix may be supplied):
451 .Bl -tag -width Ar -compact
453 Toggle the displaying of server processes awaiting requests (this
454 is the equivalent of the
459 Display network addresses numerically.
461 Display network addresses symbolically.
462 .It Cm proto Ar protocol
463 Display only network connections using the indicated
465 Supported protocols are ``tcp'', ``udp'', and ``all''.
466 .It Cm ignore Op Ar items
467 Do not display information about connections associated with
468 the specified hosts or ports.
469 Hosts and ports may be specified
470 by name (``vangogh'', ``ftp''), or numerically.
472 use the Internet dot notation (``128.32.0.9'').
474 may be specified with a single command by separating them with
476 .It Cm display Op Ar items
477 Display information about the connections associated with the
478 specified hosts or ports.
482 may be names or numbers.
483 .It Cm show Op Ar ports\&|hosts
484 Show, on the command line, the currently selected protocols,
486 Hosts and ports which are being ignored
487 are prefixed with a `!'.
492 is supplied as an argument to
494 then only the requested information will be displayed.
496 Reset the port, host, and protocol matching mechanisms to the default
497 (any protocol, port, or host).
500 Display the network traffic going through active interfaces on the
502 Idle interfaces will not be displayed until they receive some
505 For each interface being displayed, the current, peak and total
506 statistics are displayed for incoming and outgoing traffic.
510 display will automatically scale the units being used so that they are
511 in a human-readable format.
512 The scaling units used for the current and
514 traffic columns can be altered by the
517 .Bl -tag -width ".Cm scale Op Ar units"
518 .It Cm scale Op Ar units
519 Modify the scale used to display the current and peak traffic over all
521 The following units are recognised: kbit, kbyte, mbit,
522 mbyte, gbit, gbyte and auto.
526 Commands to switch between displays may be abbreviated to the
527 minimum unambiguous prefix; for example, ``io'' for ``iostat''.
528 Certain information may be discarded when the screen size is
529 insufficient for display.
530 For example, on a machine with 10
533 bar graph displays only 3 drives on a 24 line terminal.
535 a bar graph would overflow the allotted screen space it is
536 truncated and the actual value is printed ``over top'' of the bar.
538 The following commands are common to each display which shows
539 information about disk drives.
540 These commands are used to
541 select a set of drives to report on, should your system have
542 more drives configured than can normally be displayed on the
545 .Bl -tag -width Ar -compact
546 .It Cm ignore Op Ar drives
547 Do not display information about the drives indicated.
549 drives may be specified, separated by spaces.
550 .It Cm display Op Ar drives
551 Display information about the drives indicated.
553 may be specified, separated by spaces.
554 .It Cm only Op Ar drives
555 Display only the specified drives.
556 Multiple drives may be specified,
559 Display a list of available devices.
561 .Ar type , Ns Ar if , Ns Ar pass
564 Display devices matching the given pattern.
566 expressions are the same as those used in
569 Instead of specifying multiple
571 arguments which are then ORed together, the user instead specifies multiple
572 matching expressions joined by the pipe
576 separated arguments within each matching expression are ANDed together, and
577 then the pipe separated matching expressions are ORed together.
579 device matching the combined expression will be displayed, if there is room
583 .Dl match da,scsi | cd,ide
585 This will display all SCSI Direct Access devices and all IDE CDROM devices.
587 .Dl match da | sa | cd,pass
589 This will display all Direct Access devices, all Sequential Access devices,
590 and all passthrough devices that provide access to CDROM drives.
593 .Bl -tag -width /boot/kernel/kernel -compact
594 .It Pa /boot/kernel/kernel
597 For information in main memory.
630 the notion of having different display modes for the
636 statistics was stolen from the
644 Certain displays presume a minimum of 80 characters per line.
647 display looks out of place because it is (it was added in as
648 a separate display rather than created as a new program).