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32 .\" @(#)systat.1 8.2 (Berkeley) 12/30/93
40 .Nd display system statistics on a crt
44 .Op Ar refresh-interval
48 utility displays various system statistics in a screen oriented fashion
49 using the curses screen display library,
54 is running the screen is usually divided into two windows (an exception
55 is the vmstat display which uses the entire screen).
57 upper window depicts the current system load average.
59 information displayed in the lower window may vary, depending on
61 The last line on the screen is reserved for user
62 input and error messages.
66 displays the processes getting the largest percentage of the processor
68 Other displays show swap space usage, disk
72 virtual memory statistics (a la
74 network ``mbuf'' utilization,
77 and network connections (a la
80 Input is interpreted at two different levels.
81 A ``global'' command interpreter processes all keyboard input.
82 If this command interpreter fails to recognize a command, the
83 input line is passed to a per-display command interpreter.
85 allows each display to have certain display-specific commands.
88 .Bl -tag -width "refresh_interval"
108 These displays can also be requested interactively (without the
112 .It Ar refresh-interval
115 specifies the screen refresh time interval in seconds.
118 Certain characters cause immediate action by
125 Print the name of the current ``display'' being shown in
126 the lower window and the refresh interval.
128 Move the cursor to the command line and interpret the input
129 line typed as a command.
130 While entering a command the
131 current character erase, word erase, and line kill characters
135 The following commands are interpreted by the ``global''
139 Print the names of the available displays on the command line.
141 Print the load average over the past 1, 5, and 15 minutes
144 Stop refreshing the screen.
149 Start (continue) refreshing the screen.
150 If a second, numeric,
151 argument is provided it is interpreted as a refresh interval
153 Supplying only a number will set the refresh interval to this
158 (This may be abbreviated to
162 The available displays are:
165 Display, in the lower window, those processes resident in main
166 memory and getting the
167 largest portion of the processor (the default display).
168 When less than 100% of the
169 processor is scheduled to user processes, the remaining time
170 is accounted to the ``idle'' process.
172 Display, in the lower window, statistics about messages received and
173 transmitted by the Internet Control Message Protocol
175 The left half of the screen displays information about received
176 packets, and the right half displays information regarding transmitted
181 display understands two commands:
187 command is used to select one of four display modes, given as its argument:
188 .Bl -tag -width absoluteXX -compact
190 show the rate of change of each value in packets (the default)
193 show the rate of change of each value in packets per refresh interval
195 show the total change of each value since the display was last reset
197 show the absolute value of each statistic
202 command resets the baseline for
207 command with no argument will display the current mode in the command
210 This display is like the
213 but displays statistics for IPv6 ICMP.
215 Otherwise identical to the
217 display, except that it displays
226 except that it displays
238 Display, in the lower window, statistics about processor use
240 Statistics on processor use appear as
241 bar graphs of the amount of time executing in user mode (``user''),
242 in user mode running low priority processes (``nice''), in
243 system mode (``system''), in interrupt mode (``interrupt''),
246 on disk throughput show, for each drive, megabytes per second,
247 average number of disk transactions per second, and
248 average kilobytes of data per transaction.
249 This information may be
250 displayed as bar graphs or as rows of numbers which scroll downward.
252 graphs are shown by default.
254 The following commands are specific to the
256 display; the minimum unambiguous prefix may be supplied.
258 .Bl -tag -width Fl -compact
262 statistics in numeric form.
264 displayed in numeric columns which scroll downward.
268 statistics in bar graph form (default).
270 Toggle the display of kilobytes per transaction.
272 not display kilobytes per transaction).
275 Show information about swap space usage on all the
276 swap areas compiled into the kernel.
277 The first column is the device name of the partition.
278 The next column is the total space available in the partition.
281 column indicates the total blocks used so far;
282 the graph shows the percentage of space in use on each partition.
283 If there are more than one swap partition in use,
284 a total line is also shown.
285 Areas known to the kernel, but not in use are shown as not available.
287 Display, in the lower window, the number of mbufs allocated
288 for particular uses, i.e., data, socket structures, etc.
290 Take over the entire display and show a (rather crowded) compendium
291 of statistics related to virtual memory usage, process scheduling,
292 device interrupts, system name translation caching, disk
296 The upper left quadrant of the screen shows the number
297 of users logged in and the load average over the last one, five,
298 and fifteen minute intervals.
299 Below this line are statistics on memory utilization.
300 The first row of the table reports memory usage only among
301 active processes, that is processes that have run in the previous
303 The second row reports on memory usage of all processes.
304 The first column reports on the number of physical pages
305 claimed by processes.
306 The second column reports the number of physical pages that
307 are devoted to read only text pages.
308 The third and fourth columns report the same two figures for
309 virtual pages, that is the number of pages that would be
310 needed if all processes had all of their pages.
311 Finally the last column shows the number of physical pages
314 Below the memory display is a list of the
315 average number of processes (over the last refresh interval)
316 that are runnable (`r'), in page wait (`p'),
317 in disk wait other than paging (`d'),
318 sleeping (`s'), and swapped out but desiring to run (`w').
319 The row also shows the average number of context switches
320 (`Csw'), traps (`Trp'; includes page faults), system calls (`Sys'),
321 interrupts (`Int'), network software interrupts (`Sof'), and page
324 Below the process queue length listing is a numerical listing and
325 a bar graph showing the amount of
326 system (shown as `='), interrupt (shown as `+'), user (shown as `>'),
327 nice (shown as `-'), and idle time (shown as ` ').
329 Below the process display are statistics on name translations.
330 It lists the number of names translated in the previous interval,
331 the number and percentage of the translations that were
332 handled by the system wide name translation cache, and
333 the number and percentage of the translations that were
334 handled by the per process name translation cache.
336 At the bottom left is the disk usage display.
337 It reports the number of
338 kilobytes per transaction, transactions per second, megabytes
339 per second and the percentage of the time the disk was busy averaged
340 over the refresh period of the display (by default, five seconds).
341 The system keeps statistics on most every storage device.
343 to seven devices are displayed.
344 The devices displayed by default are the
345 first devices in the kernel's device list.
350 for details on the devstat system.
352 Under the date in the upper right hand quadrant are statistics
353 on paging and swapping activity.
354 The first two columns report the average number of pages
355 brought in and out per second over the last refresh interval
356 due to page faults and the paging daemon.
357 The third and fourth columns report the average number of pages
358 brought in and out per second over the last refresh interval
359 due to swap requests initiated by the scheduler.
360 The first row of the display shows the average
361 number of disk transfers per second over the last refresh interval;
362 the second row of the display shows the average
363 number of pages transferred per second over the last refresh interval.
365 Below the paging statistics is a column of lines regarding the virtual
366 memory system which list the average number of
367 pages copied on write (`cow'),
368 pages zero filled on demand (`zfod'),
369 slow (on-the-fly) zero fills percentage (`%slo-z'),
370 pages wired down (`wire'),
371 active pages (`act'),
372 inactive pages (`inact'),
373 pages on the buffer cache queue (`cache'),
374 number of free pages (`free'),
375 pages freed by the page daemon (`daefr'),
376 pages freed by exiting processes (`prcfr'),
377 pages reactivated from the free list (`react'),
378 times the page daemon was awakened (`pdwak'),
379 pages analyzed by the page daemon (`pdpgs'),
381 intransit blocking page faults (`intrn')
382 per second over the refresh interval.
384 At the bottom of this column are lines showing the
385 amount of memory, in kilobytes, used for the buffer cache (`buf'),
386 the number of dirty buffers in the buffer cache (`dirtybuf'),
387 desired maximum size of vnode cache (`desiredvnodes') (mostly unused,
388 except to size the name cache),
389 number of vnodes actually allocated (`numvnodes'),
391 number of allocated vnodes that are free (`freevnodes').
393 Running down the right hand side of the display is a breakdown
394 of the interrupts being handled by the system.
395 At the top of the list is the total interrupts per second
396 over the time interval.
397 The rest of the column breaks down the total on a device
399 Only devices that have interrupted at least once since boot time are shown.
401 The following commands are specific to the
403 display; the minimum unambiguous prefix may be supplied.
405 .Bl -tag -width Ar -compact
407 Display cumulative statistics since the system was booted.
409 Display statistics as a running total from the point this
412 Display statistics averaged over the refresh interval (the default).
414 Toggle the display of fd devices in the disk usage display.
416 Reset running statistics to zero.
419 Display, in the lower window, network connections.
421 network servers awaiting requests are not displayed.
423 is displayed in the format ``host.port'', with each shown symbolically,
425 It is possible to have addresses displayed numerically,
426 limit the display to a set of ports, hosts, and/or protocols
427 (the minimum unambiguous prefix may be supplied):
429 .Bl -tag -width Ar -compact
431 Toggle the displaying of server processes awaiting requests (this
432 is the equivalent of the
437 Display network addresses numerically.
439 Display network addresses symbolically.
440 .It Cm proto Ar protocol
441 Display only network connections using the indicated
443 Supported protocols are ``tcp'', ``udp'', and ``all''.
444 .It Cm ignore Op Ar items
445 Do not display information about connections associated with
446 the specified hosts or ports.
447 Hosts and ports may be specified
448 by name (``vangogh'', ``ftp''), or numerically.
450 use the Internet dot notation (``128.32.0.9'').
452 may be specified with a single command by separating them with
454 .It Cm display Op Ar items
455 Display information about the connections associated with the
456 specified hosts or ports.
460 may be names or numbers.
461 .It Cm show Op Ar ports\&|hosts
462 Show, on the command line, the currently selected protocols,
464 Hosts and ports which are being ignored
465 are prefixed with a `!'.
470 is supplied as an argument to
472 then only the requested information will be displayed.
474 Reset the port, host, and protocol matching mechanisms to the default
475 (any protocol, port, or host).
478 Display the network traffic going through active interfaces on the
480 Idle interfaces will not be displayed until they receive some
483 For each interface being displayed, the current, peak and total
484 statistics are displayed for incoming and outgoing traffic.
488 display will automatically scale the units being used so that they are
489 in a human-readable format.
490 The scaling units used for the current and
492 traffic columns can be altered by the
495 .Bl -tag -width ".Cm scale Op Ar units"
496 .It Cm scale Op Ar units
497 Modify the scale used to display the current and peak traffic over all
499 The following units are recognised: kbit, kbyte, mbit,
500 mbyte, gbit, gbyte and auto.
504 Commands to switch between displays may be abbreviated to the
505 minimum unambiguous prefix; for example, ``io'' for ``iostat''.
506 Certain information may be discarded when the screen size is
507 insufficient for display.
508 For example, on a machine with 10
511 bar graph displays only 3 drives on a 24 line terminal.
513 a bar graph would overflow the allotted screen space it is
514 truncated and the actual value is printed ``over top'' of the bar.
516 The following commands are common to each display which shows
517 information about disk drives.
518 These commands are used to
519 select a set of drives to report on, should your system have
520 more drives configured than can normally be displayed on the
523 .Bl -tag -width Ar -compact
524 .It Cm ignore Op Ar drives
525 Do not display information about the drives indicated.
527 drives may be specified, separated by spaces.
528 .It Cm display Op Ar drives
529 Display information about the drives indicated.
531 may be specified, separated by spaces.
532 .It Cm only Op Ar drives
533 Display only the specified drives.
534 Multiple drives may be specified,
537 Display a list of available devices.
539 .Ar type , Ns Ar if , Ns Ar pass
542 Display devices matching the given pattern.
544 expressions are the same as those used in
547 Instead of specifying multiple
549 arguments which are then ORed together, the user instead specifies multiple
550 matching expressions joined by the pipe
554 separated arguments within each matching expression are ANDed together, and
555 then the pipe separated matching expressions are ORed together.
557 device matching the combined expression will be displayed, if there is room
561 .Dl match da,scsi | cd,ide
563 This will display all SCSI Direct Access devices and all IDE CDROM devices.
565 .Dl match da | sa | cd,pass
567 This will display all Direct Access devices, all Sequential Access devices,
568 and all passthrough devices that provide access to CDROM drives.
571 .Bl -tag -width /boot/kernel/kernel -compact
572 .It Pa /boot/kernel/kernel
575 For information in main memory.
607 the notion of having different display modes for the
613 statistics was stolen from the
621 Certain displays presume a minimum of 80 characters per line.
624 display looks out of place because it is (it was added in as
625 a separate display rather than created as a new program).