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28 .\" @(#)systat.1 8.2 (Berkeley) 12/30/93
36 .Nd display system statistics
40 .Op Ar display-commands
41 .Op Ar refresh-interval
45 utility displays various system statistics in a screen oriented fashion
46 using the curses screen display library,
51 is running the screen is usually divided into two windows (an exception
52 is the vmstat display which uses the entire screen).
54 upper window depicts the current system load average.
56 information displayed in the lower window may vary, depending on
58 The last line on the screen is reserved for user
59 input and error messages.
63 displays the processes getting the largest percentage of the processor
65 Other displays show swap space usage, disk I/O statistics (a la
67 virtual memory statistics (a la
70 and network connections (a la
73 Input is interpreted at two different levels.
74 A ``global'' command interpreter processes all keyboard input.
75 If this command interpreter fails to recognize a command, the
76 input line is passed to a per-display command interpreter.
78 allows each display to have certain display-specific commands.
81 .Bl -tag -width "refresh_interval"
103 These displays can also be requested interactively (without the
107 .It Ar refresh-interval
110 specifies the screen refresh time interval in seconds.
111 Time interval can be fractional.
112 .It Ar display-commands
113 A list of commands specific to this display.
114 These commands can also be entered interactively and are described for
115 each display separately below.
116 If the command requires arguments, they can be specified as separate
117 command line arguments.
118 A command line argument
120 will finish display commands.
123 .Dl Nm Fl ifstat Fl match Ar bge0,em1 Fl pps
125 This will display statistics of packets per second for network interfaces
126 named as bge0 and em1.
128 .Dl Nm Fl iostat Fl numbers Fl - Ar 2.1
130 This will display all IO statistics in a numeric format and the information
131 will be refreshed each 2.1 seconds.
134 Certain characters cause immediate action by
141 Print the name of the current ``display'' being shown in
142 the lower window and the refresh interval.
144 Move the cursor to the command line and interpret the input
145 line typed as a command.
146 While entering a command the
147 current character erase, word erase, and line kill characters
151 The following commands are interpreted by the ``global''
155 Print the names of the available displays on the command line.
157 Print the load average over the past 1, 5, and 15 minutes
160 Stop refreshing the screen.
165 Start (continue) refreshing the screen.
166 If a second, numeric,
167 argument is provided it is interpreted as a refresh interval
169 Supplying only a number will set the refresh interval to this
174 (This may be abbreviated to
178 The available displays are:
181 Display, in the lower window, those processes resident in main
182 memory and getting the
183 largest portion of the processor (the default display).
184 When less than 100% of the
185 processor is scheduled to user processes, the remaining time
186 is accounted to the ``idle'' process.
188 Display, in the lower window, statistics about messages received and
189 transmitted by the Internet Control Message Protocol
191 The left half of the screen displays information about received
192 packets, and the right half displays information regarding transmitted
197 display understands two commands:
203 command is used to select one of four display modes, given as its argument:
204 .Bl -tag -width absoluteXX -compact
206 show the rate of change of each value in packets (the default)
209 show the rate of change of each value in packets per refresh interval
211 show the total change of each value since the display was last reset
213 show the absolute value of each statistic
218 command resets the baseline for
223 command with no argument will display the current mode in the command
226 This display is like the
229 but displays statistics for IPv6 ICMP.
231 Otherwise identical to the
233 display, except that it displays IP and UDP statistics.
238 except that it displays IPv6 statistics.
239 It does not display UDP statistics.
243 but with SCTP statistics.
247 but with TCP statistics.
249 Display statistics describing the hardware latencies of I/O operations as
251 .Va CAM_IOSCHED_DYNAMIC
253 This option must be in the kernel config file of the running kernel for this
255 All devices are displayed as there is currently no way to filter them.
256 The statistics displayed for the I/O latencies are the percentiles with
257 sufficient data during the polling interval to compute.
258 If a value cannot be estimated ``-'' is displayed.
259 The P50 (also known as the median), P90, P99 and P99.9 values are computed if
260 more than 2, 10, 100 or 1000 operations occurred during the polling interval.
261 The latency is the hardware latency values, and does not include any software
263 The latencies are estimated based on histogram data computed by the CAM I/O
264 scheduler and represent estimates of the actual value that are only good to
265 two or three significant digits.
266 The display of latency changes based on the scale of the latency to reflect
267 the precision of the estimates and to fit on the available screen space.
268 All latencies are reported in milliseconds.
269 When color is enabled
271 .It Values below the medium latency threshold are displayed in green.
272 .It Values between the minimum latency and high latency thresholds are displayed
274 .It Values above the high latency thresholds are displayed in red.
276 When color is disabled, the default foreground and background colors are always
279 The following commands are specific to the
281 display; the minimum unambiguous prefix may be supplied.
283 .Bl -tag -width Fl -compact
285 Toggle the use of color in the display.
288 Set the high latency threshold to XXX milliseconds.
290 Set the medium latency threshold to XXX milliseconds.
292 Toggle the display of statistics about read operations.
295 Toggle the display of statistics about write operations.
298 Toggle the display of statistics about trim operations.
302 Display, in the lower window, statistics about processor use
304 Statistics on processor use appear as
305 bar graphs of the amount of time executing in user mode (``user''),
306 in user mode running low priority processes (``nice''), in
307 system mode (``system''), in interrupt mode (``interrupt''),
310 on disk throughput show, for each drive, megabytes per second,
311 average number of disk transactions per second, and
312 average kilobytes of data per transaction.
313 This information may be
314 displayed as bar graphs or as rows of numbers which scroll downward.
316 graphs are shown by default.
318 The following commands are specific to the
320 display; the minimum unambiguous prefix may be supplied.
322 .Bl -tag -width Fl -compact
324 Show the disk I/O statistics in numeric form.
326 displayed in numeric columns which scroll downward.
328 Show the disk I/O statistics in bar graph form (default).
330 Toggle the display of kilobytes per transaction.
332 not display kilobytes per transaction).
335 Show information about swap space usage on all the
336 swap areas compiled into the kernel and processes that are swapped out
337 as well as a summary of disk activity.
339 The swap areas are displayed first with their name, sizes and
343 column indicates the total blocks used so far;
344 the graph shows the percentage of space in use on each partition.
345 If there are more than one swap partition in use,
346 a total line is also shown.
347 Areas known to the kernel, but not in use are shown as not available.
349 Below the swap space statistics,
350 processes are listed in order of higher swap area usage.
351 Pid, username, a part of command line, the total use of swap space
352 in bytes, the size of process, as well as per-process swap usage percentage and
353 per-system swap space percentage are shown per process.
355 At the bottom left is the disk usage display.
356 It reports the number of
357 kilobytes per transaction, transactions per second, megabytes
358 per second and the percentage of the time the disk was busy averaged
359 over the refresh period of the display (by default, five seconds).
360 The system keeps statistics on most every storage device.
362 to seven devices are displayed.
363 The devices displayed by default are the
364 first devices in the kernel's device list.
369 for details on the devstat system.
371 Take over the entire display and show a (rather crowded) compendium
372 of statistics related to virtual memory usage, process scheduling,
373 device interrupts, system name translation caching, disk I/O etc.
375 The upper left quadrant of the screen shows the number
376 of users logged in and the load average over the last one, five,
377 and fifteen minute intervals.
378 Below this line are statistics on memory utilization.
379 The first row of the table reports memory usage only among
380 active processes, that is processes that have run in the previous
382 The second row reports on memory usage of all processes.
383 The first column reports on the number of kilobytes in physical pages
384 claimed by processes.
385 The second column reports the number of kilobytes in physical pages that
386 are devoted to read only text pages.
387 The third and fourth columns report the same two figures for
388 virtual pages, that is the number of kilobytes in pages that would be
389 needed if all processes had all of their pages.
390 Finally the last column shows the number of kilobytes in physical pages
393 Below the memory display is a list of the
394 average number of threads (over the last refresh interval)
395 that are runnable (`r'), in page wait (`p'),
396 in disk wait other than paging (`d'),
397 sleeping (`s'), and swapped out but desiring to run (`w').
398 The row also shows the average number of context switches
399 (`Csw'), traps (`Trp'; includes page faults), system calls (`Sys'),
400 interrupts (`Int'), network software interrupts (`Sof'), and page
403 Below the process queue length listing is a numerical listing and
404 a bar graph showing the amount of
405 system (shown as `='), interrupt (shown as `+'), user (shown as `>'),
406 nice (shown as `-'), and idle time (shown as ` ').
408 Below the process display are statistics on name translations.
409 It lists the number of names translated in the previous interval,
410 the number and percentage of the translations that were
411 handled by the system wide name translation cache, and
412 the number and percentage of the translations that were
413 handled by the per process name translation cache.
415 To the right of the name translations display are lines showing
416 the number of dirty buffers in the buffer cache (`dtbuf'),
417 desired maximum size of vnode cache (`desvn'),
418 number of vnodes actually allocated (`numvn'),
420 number of allocated vnodes that are free (`frevn').
422 At the bottom left is the disk usage display.
423 It reports the number of
424 kilobytes per transaction, transactions per second, megabytes
425 per second and the percentage of the time the disk was busy averaged
426 over the refresh period of the display (by default, five seconds).
427 The system keeps statistics on most every storage device.
429 to seven devices are displayed.
430 The devices displayed by default are the
431 first devices in the kernel's device list.
436 for details on the devstat system.
438 Under the date in the upper right hand quadrant are statistics
439 on paging and swapping activity.
440 The first two columns report the average number of pages
441 brought in and out per second over the last refresh interval
442 due to page faults and the paging daemon.
443 The third and fourth columns report the average number of pages
444 brought in and out per second over the last refresh interval
445 due to swap requests initiated by the scheduler.
446 The first row of the display shows the average
447 number of disk transfers per second over the last refresh interval;
448 the second row of the display shows the average
449 number of pages transferred per second over the last refresh interval.
451 Below the paging statistics is a column of lines regarding the virtual
453 The first few lines describe,
454 in units (except as noted below)
455 of pages per second averaged over the sampling interval,
456 pages copied on write (`cow'),
457 pages zero filled on demand (`zfod'),
458 pages optimally zero filled on demand (`ozfod'),
459 the ratio of the (average) ozfod / zfod as a percentage (`%ozfod'),
460 pages freed by the page daemon (`daefr'),
461 pages freed by exiting processes (`prcfr'),
462 total pages freed (`totfr'),
463 pages reactivated from the free list (`react'),
464 the average number of
465 times per second that the page daemon was awakened (`pdwak'),
466 pages analyzed by the page daemon (`pdpgs'),
468 in-transit blocking page faults (`intrn').
469 Note that the units are special for `%ozfod' and `pdwak'.
470 The next few lines describe,
471 as amounts of memory in kilobytes,
472 pages wired down (`wire'),
473 active pages (`act'),
474 inactive pages (`inact'),
475 dirty pages queued for laundering (`laund'),
478 Note that the values displayed are the current transient ones;
479 they are not averages.
481 At the bottom of this column is a line showing the
482 amount of virtual memory, in kilobytes, mapped into the buffer cache (`buf').
483 This statistic is not useful.
484 It exists only as a placeholder for the corresponding useful statistic
485 (the amount of real memory used to cache disks).
486 The most important component of the latter (the amount of real memory
487 used by the vm system to cache disks) is not available,
488 but can be guessed from the `inact' amount under some system loads.
490 Running down the right hand side of the display is a breakdown
491 of the interrupts being handled by the system.
492 At the top of the list is the total interrupts per second
493 over the time interval.
494 The rest of the column breaks down the total on a device
496 Only devices that have interrupted at least once since boot time are shown.
498 The following commands are specific to the
500 display; the minimum unambiguous prefix may be supplied.
502 .Bl -tag -width Ar -compact
504 Display cumulative statistics since the system was booted.
506 Display statistics as a running total from the point this
509 Display statistics averaged over the refresh interval (the default).
511 Reset running statistics to zero.
514 display arc cache usage and hit/miss statistics.
516 Display, in the lower window, network connections.
518 network servers awaiting requests are not displayed.
520 is displayed in the format ``host.port'', with each shown symbolically,
522 It is possible to have addresses displayed numerically,
523 limit the display to a set of ports, hosts, and/or protocols
524 (the minimum unambiguous prefix may be supplied):
526 .Bl -tag -width Ar -compact
528 Toggle the displaying of server processes awaiting requests (this
529 is the equivalent of the
534 Display network addresses numerically.
536 Display network addresses symbolically.
537 .It Cm proto Ar protocol
538 Display only network connections using the indicated
540 Supported protocols are ``tcp'', ``udp'', and ``all''.
541 .It Cm ignore Op Ar items
542 Do not display information about connections associated with
543 the specified hosts or ports.
544 Hosts and ports may be specified
545 by name (``vangogh'', ``ftp''), or numerically.
547 use the Internet dot notation (``128.32.0.9'').
549 may be specified with a single command by separating them with
551 .It Cm display Op Ar items
552 Display information about the connections associated with the
553 specified hosts or ports.
557 may be names or numbers.
558 .It Cm show Op Ar ports\&|hosts
559 Show, on the command line, the currently selected protocols,
561 Hosts and ports which are being ignored
562 are prefixed with a `!'.
567 is supplied as an argument to
569 then only the requested information will be displayed.
571 Reset the port, host, and protocol matching mechanisms to the default
572 (any protocol, port, or host).
575 Display the network traffic going through active interfaces on the
577 Idle interfaces will not be displayed until they receive some
580 For each interface being displayed, the current, peak and total
581 statistics are displayed for incoming and outgoing traffic.
585 display will automatically scale the units being used so that they are
586 in a human-readable format.
587 The scaling units used for the current and
589 traffic columns can be altered by the
592 .Bl -tag -width ".Cm scale Op Ar units"
593 .It Cm scale Op Ar units
594 Modify the scale used to display the current and peak traffic over all
596 The following units are recognised: kbit, kbyte, mbit,
597 mbyte, gbit, gbyte and auto.
599 Show statistics in packets per second instead of bytes/bits per second.
602 switches this mode off.
603 .It Cm match Op Ar patterns
604 Display only interfaces that match pattern provided as an argument.
605 Patterns should be in shell syntax separated by whitespaces or commas.
606 If this command is called without arguments then all interfaces are displayed.
611 This will display em0 and bge1 interfaces.
613 .Dl match em*, bge*, lo0
615 This will display all
619 interfaces and the loopback interface.
623 Commands to switch between displays may be abbreviated to the
624 minimum unambiguous prefix; for example, ``io'' for ``iostat''.
625 Certain information may be discarded when the screen size is
626 insufficient for display.
627 For example, on a machine with 10
630 bar graph displays only 3 drives on a 24 line terminal.
632 a bar graph would overflow the allotted screen space it is
633 truncated and the actual value is printed ``over top'' of the bar.
635 The following commands are common to each display which shows
636 information about disk drives.
637 These commands are used to
638 select a set of drives to report on, should your system have
639 more drives configured than can normally be displayed on the
642 .Bl -tag -width Ar -compact
643 .It Cm ignore Op Ar drives
644 Do not display information about the drives indicated.
646 drives may be specified, separated by spaces.
647 .It Cm display Op Ar drives
648 Display information about the drives indicated.
650 may be specified, separated by spaces.
651 .It Cm only Op Ar drives
652 Display only the specified drives.
653 Multiple drives may be specified,
656 Display a list of available devices.
658 .Ar type , Ns Ar if , Ns Ar pass
661 Display devices matching the given pattern.
663 expressions are the same as those used in
666 Instead of specifying multiple
668 arguments which are then ORed together, the user instead specifies multiple
669 matching expressions joined by the pipe
673 separated arguments within each matching expression are ANDed together, and
674 then the pipe separated matching expressions are ORed together.
676 device matching the combined expression will be displayed, if there is room
680 .Dl match da,scsi | cd,ide
682 This will display all SCSI Direct Access devices and all IDE CDROM devices.
684 .Dl match da | sa | cd,pass
686 This will display all Direct Access devices, all Sequential Access devices,
687 and all passthrough devices that provide access to CDROM drives.
690 .Bl -tag -width /boot/kernel/kernel -compact
691 .It Pa /boot/kernel/kernel
694 For information in main memory.
726 the notion of having different display modes for the
727 ICMP, IP, TCP, and UDP statistics was stolen from the
731 in Silicon Graphics' IRIX system.
733 Certain displays presume a minimum of 80 characters per line.
734 Ifstat does not detect new interfaces.
737 display looks out of place because it is (it was added in as
738 a separate display rather than created as a new program).
741 command doesn't implement the common device commands including
742 filtering, as it doesn't use the
744 mechanism to obtain its statistics.