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28 .\" @(#)systat.1 8.2 (Berkeley) 12/30/93
36 .Nd display system statistics
40 .Op Ar display-commands
41 .Op Ar refresh-interval
45 utility displays various system statistics in a screen oriented fashion
46 using the curses screen display library,
51 is running the screen is usually divided into two windows (an exception
52 is the vmstat display which uses the entire screen).
54 upper window depicts the current system load average.
56 information displayed in the lower window may vary, depending on
58 The last line on the screen is reserved for user
59 input and error messages.
63 displays the processes getting the largest percentage of the processor
65 Other displays show swap space usage, disk
69 virtual memory statistics (a la
73 and network connections (a la
76 Input is interpreted at two different levels.
77 A ``global'' command interpreter processes all keyboard input.
78 If this command interpreter fails to recognize a command, the
79 input line is passed to a per-display command interpreter.
81 allows each display to have certain display-specific commands.
84 .Bl -tag -width "refresh_interval"
104 These displays can also be requested interactively (without the
108 .It Ar refresh-interval
111 specifies the screen refresh time interval in seconds.
112 Time interval can be fractional.
113 .It Ar display-commands
114 A list of commands specific for this display. These commands can also
115 be entered interactively and are described for each display separately
116 below. If the command of the display requires an argument or arguments,
117 it is possible to specify them as separate command line argument. To finish
118 display commands it is possible to use double dash at the end
119 of the list. For example:
121 .Dl Nm Fl ifstat Fl match Ar bge0,em1 Fl pps
123 This will display statistics of packets per second for network interfaces
124 named as bge0 and em1.
126 .Dl Nm Fl iostat Fl numeric Fl - Ar 2.1
128 This will display all IO statistics in a numeric format and the information
129 will be refreshed each 2.1 seconds.
132 Certain characters cause immediate action by
139 Print the name of the current ``display'' being shown in
140 the lower window and the refresh interval.
142 Move the cursor to the command line and interpret the input
143 line typed as a command.
144 While entering a command the
145 current character erase, word erase, and line kill characters
149 The following commands are interpreted by the ``global''
153 Print the names of the available displays on the command line.
155 Print the load average over the past 1, 5, and 15 minutes
158 Stop refreshing the screen.
163 Start (continue) refreshing the screen.
164 If a second, numeric,
165 argument is provided it is interpreted as a refresh interval
167 Supplying only a number will set the refresh interval to this
172 (This may be abbreviated to
176 The available displays are:
179 Display, in the lower window, those processes resident in main
180 memory and getting the
181 largest portion of the processor (the default display).
182 When less than 100% of the
183 processor is scheduled to user processes, the remaining time
184 is accounted to the ``idle'' process.
186 Display, in the lower window, statistics about messages received and
187 transmitted by the Internet Control Message Protocol
189 The left half of the screen displays information about received
190 packets, and the right half displays information regarding transmitted
195 display understands two commands:
201 command is used to select one of four display modes, given as its argument:
202 .Bl -tag -width absoluteXX -compact
204 show the rate of change of each value in packets (the default)
207 show the rate of change of each value in packets per refresh interval
209 show the total change of each value since the display was last reset
211 show the absolute value of each statistic
216 command resets the baseline for
221 command with no argument will display the current mode in the command
224 This display is like the
227 but displays statistics for IPv6 ICMP.
229 Otherwise identical to the
231 display, except that it displays
240 except that it displays
252 Display, in the lower window, statistics about processor use
254 Statistics on processor use appear as
255 bar graphs of the amount of time executing in user mode (``user''),
256 in user mode running low priority processes (``nice''), in
257 system mode (``system''), in interrupt mode (``interrupt''),
260 on disk throughput show, for each drive, megabytes per second,
261 average number of disk transactions per second, and
262 average kilobytes of data per transaction.
263 This information may be
264 displayed as bar graphs or as rows of numbers which scroll downward.
266 graphs are shown by default.
268 The following commands are specific to the
270 display; the minimum unambiguous prefix may be supplied.
272 .Bl -tag -width Fl -compact
276 statistics in numeric form.
278 displayed in numeric columns which scroll downward.
282 statistics in bar graph form (default).
284 Toggle the display of kilobytes per transaction.
286 not display kilobytes per transaction).
289 Show information about swap space usage on all the
290 swap areas compiled into the kernel.
291 The first column is the device name of the partition.
292 The next column is the total space available in the partition.
295 column indicates the total blocks used so far;
296 the graph shows the percentage of space in use on each partition.
297 If there are more than one swap partition in use,
298 a total line is also shown.
299 Areas known to the kernel, but not in use are shown as not available.
301 Take over the entire display and show a (rather crowded) compendium
302 of statistics related to virtual memory usage, process scheduling,
303 device interrupts, system name translation caching, disk
307 The upper left quadrant of the screen shows the number
308 of users logged in and the load average over the last one, five,
309 and fifteen minute intervals.
310 Below this line are statistics on memory utilization.
311 The first row of the table reports memory usage only among
312 active processes, that is processes that have run in the previous
314 The second row reports on memory usage of all processes.
315 The first column reports on the number of kilobytes in physical pages
316 claimed by processes.
317 The second column reports the number of kilobytes in physical pages that
318 are devoted to read only text pages.
319 The third and fourth columns report the same two figures for
320 virtual pages, that is the number of kilobytes in pages that would be
321 needed if all processes had all of their pages.
322 Finally the last column shows the number of kilobytes in physical pages
325 Below the memory display is a list of the
326 average number of processes (over the last refresh interval)
327 that are runnable (`r'), in page wait (`p'),
328 in disk wait other than paging (`d'),
329 sleeping (`s'), and swapped out but desiring to run (`w').
330 The row also shows the average number of context switches
331 (`Csw'), traps (`Trp'; includes page faults), system calls (`Sys'),
332 interrupts (`Int'), network software interrupts (`Sof'), and page
335 Below the process queue length listing is a numerical listing and
336 a bar graph showing the amount of
337 system (shown as `='), interrupt (shown as `+'), user (shown as `>'),
338 nice (shown as `-'), and idle time (shown as ` ').
340 Below the process display are statistics on name translations.
341 It lists the number of names translated in the previous interval,
342 the number and percentage of the translations that were
343 handled by the system wide name translation cache, and
344 the number and percentage of the translations that were
345 handled by the per process name translation cache.
347 To the right of the name translations display are lines showing
348 the number of dirty buffers in the buffer cache (`dtbuf'),
349 desired maximum size of vnode cache (`desvn'),
350 number of vnodes actually allocated (`numvn'),
352 number of allocated vnodes that are free (`frevn').
354 At the bottom left is the disk usage display.
355 It reports the number of
356 kilobytes per transaction, transactions per second, megabytes
357 per second and the percentage of the time the disk was busy averaged
358 over the refresh period of the display (by default, five seconds).
359 The system keeps statistics on most every storage device.
361 to seven devices are displayed.
362 The devices displayed by default are the
363 first devices in the kernel's device list.
368 for details on the devstat system.
370 Under the date in the upper right hand quadrant are statistics
371 on paging and swapping activity.
372 The first two columns report the average number of pages
373 brought in and out per second over the last refresh interval
374 due to page faults and the paging daemon.
375 The third and fourth columns report the average number of pages
376 brought in and out per second over the last refresh interval
377 due to swap requests initiated by the scheduler.
378 The first row of the display shows the average
379 number of disk transfers per second over the last refresh interval;
380 the second row of the display shows the average
381 number of pages transferred per second over the last refresh interval.
383 Below the paging statistics is a column of lines regarding the virtual
385 The first few lines describe,
386 in units (except as noted below)
387 of pages per second averaged over the sampling interval,
388 pages copied on write (`cow'),
389 pages zero filled on demand (`zfod'),
390 pages optimally zero filled on demand (`ozfod'),
391 the ratio of the (average) ozfod / zfod as a percentage (`%ozfod'),
392 pages freed by the page daemon (`daefr'),
393 pages freed by exiting processes (`prcfr'),
394 total pages freed (`totfr'),
395 pages reactivated from the free list (`react'),
396 the average number of
397 times per second that the page daemon was awakened (`pdwak'),
398 pages analyzed by the page daemon (`pdpgs'),
400 in-transit blocking page faults (`intrn').
401 Note that the units are special for `%ozfod' and `pdwak'.
402 The next few lines describe,
403 as amounts of memory in kilobytes,
404 pages wired down (`wire'),
405 active pages (`act'),
406 inactive pages (`inact'),
407 pages on the cache queue (`cache'),
410 Note that the values displayed are the current transient ones;
411 they are not averages.
413 At the bottom of this column is a line showing the
414 amount of virtual memory, in kilobytes, mapped into the buffer cache (`buf').
415 This statistic is not useful.
416 It exists only as a placeholder for the corresponding useful statistic
417 (the amount of real memory used to cache disks).
418 The most important component of the latter (the amount of real memory
419 used by the vm system to cache disks) is not available,
420 but can be guessed from the `inact' amount under some system loads.
422 Running down the right hand side of the display is a breakdown
423 of the interrupts being handled by the system.
424 At the top of the list is the total interrupts per second
425 over the time interval.
426 The rest of the column breaks down the total on a device
428 Only devices that have interrupted at least once since boot time are shown.
430 The following commands are specific to the
432 display; the minimum unambiguous prefix may be supplied.
434 .Bl -tag -width Ar -compact
436 Display cumulative statistics since the system was booted.
438 Display statistics as a running total from the point this
441 Display statistics averaged over the refresh interval (the default).
443 Reset running statistics to zero.
446 display arc cache usage and hit/miss statistics.
448 Display, in the lower window, network connections.
450 network servers awaiting requests are not displayed.
452 is displayed in the format ``host.port'', with each shown symbolically,
454 It is possible to have addresses displayed numerically,
455 limit the display to a set of ports, hosts, and/or protocols
456 (the minimum unambiguous prefix may be supplied):
458 .Bl -tag -width Ar -compact
460 Toggle the displaying of server processes awaiting requests (this
461 is the equivalent of the
466 Display network addresses numerically.
468 Display network addresses symbolically.
469 .It Cm proto Ar protocol
470 Display only network connections using the indicated
472 Supported protocols are ``tcp'', ``udp'', and ``all''.
473 .It Cm ignore Op Ar items
474 Do not display information about connections associated with
475 the specified hosts or ports.
476 Hosts and ports may be specified
477 by name (``vangogh'', ``ftp''), or numerically.
479 use the Internet dot notation (``128.32.0.9'').
481 may be specified with a single command by separating them with
483 .It Cm display Op Ar items
484 Display information about the connections associated with the
485 specified hosts or ports.
489 may be names or numbers.
490 .It Cm show Op Ar ports\&|hosts
491 Show, on the command line, the currently selected protocols,
493 Hosts and ports which are being ignored
494 are prefixed with a `!'.
499 is supplied as an argument to
501 then only the requested information will be displayed.
503 Reset the port, host, and protocol matching mechanisms to the default
504 (any protocol, port, or host).
507 Display the network traffic going through active interfaces on the
509 Idle interfaces will not be displayed until they receive some
512 For each interface being displayed, the current, peak and total
513 statistics are displayed for incoming and outgoing traffic.
517 display will automatically scale the units being used so that they are
518 in a human-readable format.
519 The scaling units used for the current and
521 traffic columns can be altered by the
524 .Bl -tag -width ".Cm scale Op Ar units"
525 .It Cm scale Op Ar units
526 Modify the scale used to display the current and peak traffic over all
528 The following units are recognised: kbit, kbyte, mbit,
529 mbyte, gbit, gbyte and auto.
531 Show statistics in packets per second instead of bytes/bits per second.
534 switches this mode off.
535 .It Cm match Op Ar patterns
536 Display only interfaces that match pattern provided as an argument.
537 Patterns should be in shell syntax separated by whitespaces or commas.
538 If this command is called without arguments then all interfaces are displayed.
543 This will display em0 and bge1 interfaces.
545 .Dl match em*, bge*, lo0
547 This will display all
551 interfaces and the loopback interface.
555 Commands to switch between displays may be abbreviated to the
556 minimum unambiguous prefix; for example, ``io'' for ``iostat''.
557 Certain information may be discarded when the screen size is
558 insufficient for display.
559 For example, on a machine with 10
562 bar graph displays only 3 drives on a 24 line terminal.
564 a bar graph would overflow the allotted screen space it is
565 truncated and the actual value is printed ``over top'' of the bar.
567 The following commands are common to each display which shows
568 information about disk drives.
569 These commands are used to
570 select a set of drives to report on, should your system have
571 more drives configured than can normally be displayed on the
574 .Bl -tag -width Ar -compact
575 .It Cm ignore Op Ar drives
576 Do not display information about the drives indicated.
578 drives may be specified, separated by spaces.
579 .It Cm display Op Ar drives
580 Display information about the drives indicated.
582 may be specified, separated by spaces.
583 .It Cm only Op Ar drives
584 Display only the specified drives.
585 Multiple drives may be specified,
588 Display a list of available devices.
590 .Ar type , Ns Ar if , Ns Ar pass
593 Display devices matching the given pattern.
595 expressions are the same as those used in
598 Instead of specifying multiple
600 arguments which are then ORed together, the user instead specifies multiple
601 matching expressions joined by the pipe
605 separated arguments within each matching expression are ANDed together, and
606 then the pipe separated matching expressions are ORed together.
608 device matching the combined expression will be displayed, if there is room
612 .Dl match da,scsi | cd,ide
614 This will display all SCSI Direct Access devices and all IDE CDROM devices.
616 .Dl match da | sa | cd,pass
618 This will display all Direct Access devices, all Sequential Access devices,
619 and all passthrough devices that provide access to CDROM drives.
622 .Bl -tag -width /boot/kernel/kernel -compact
623 .It Pa /boot/kernel/kernel
626 For information in main memory.
658 the notion of having different display modes for the
664 statistics was stolen from the
672 Certain displays presume a minimum of 80 characters per line.
675 display looks out of place because it is (it was added in as
676 a separate display rather than created as a new program).
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