usr.bin/vmstat/vmstat.c

   1 /*
   2  * Copyright (c) 1980, 1986, 1991, 1993
   3  *      The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
   4  *
   5  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
   6  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
   7  * are met:
   8  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
   9  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
  10  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
  11  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
  12  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
  13  * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
  14  *    must display the following acknowledgement:
  15  *      This product includes software developed by the University of
  16  *      California, Berkeley and its contributors.
  17  * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
  18  *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
  19  *    without specific prior written permission.
  20  *
  21  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
  22  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
  23  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
  24  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
  25  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
  26  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
  27  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
  28  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
  29  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
  30  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
  31  * SUCH DAMAGE.
  32  */
  33
  34 #ifndef lint
  35 static const char copyright[] =
  36 "@(#) Copyright (c) 1980, 1986, 1991, 1993\n\
  37         The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.\n";
  38 #endif /* not lint */
  39
  40 #if 0
  41 #ifndef lint
  42 static char sccsid[] = "@(#)vmstat.c    8.1 (Berkeley) 6/6/93";
  43 #endif /* not lint */
  44 #endif
  45
  46 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
  47 __FBSDID("$FreeBSD$");
  48
  49 #include <sys/param.h>
  50 #include <sys/time.h>
  51 #include <sys/proc.h>
  52 #include <sys/uio.h>
  53 #include <sys/namei.h>
  54 #include <sys/malloc.h>
  55 #include <sys/signal.h>
  56 #include <sys/fcntl.h>
  57 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
  58 #include <sys/resource.h>
  59 #include <sys/sysctl.h>
  60 #include <sys/vmmeter.h>
  61
  62 #include <vm/vm_param.h>
  63
  64 #include <ctype.h>
  65 #include <devstat.h>
  66 #include <err.h>
  67 #include <errno.h>
  68 #include <kvm.h>
  69 #include <limits.h>
  70 #include <memstat.h>
  71 #include <nlist.h>
  72 #include <paths.h>
  73 #include <stdio.h>
  74 #include <stdlib.h>
  75 #include <string.h>
  76 #include <sysexits.h>
  77 #include <time.h>
  78 #include <unistd.h>
  79
  80 static char da[] = "da";
  81
  82 static struct nlist namelist[] = {
  83 #define X_CPTIME        0
  84         { "_cp_time" },
  85 #define X_SUM           1
  86         { "_cnt" },
  87 #define X_BOOTTIME      2
  88         { "_boottime" },
  89 #define X_HZ            3
  90         { "_hz" },
  91 #define X_STATHZ        4
  92         { "_stathz" },
  93 #define X_NCHSTATS      5
  94         { "_nchstats" },
  95 #define X_INTRNAMES     6
  96         { "_intrnames" },
  97 #define X_EINTRNAMES    7
  98         { "_eintrnames" },
  99 #define X_INTRCNT       8
 100         { "_intrcnt" },
 101 #define X_EINTRCNT      9
 102         { "_eintrcnt" },
 103 #define X_KMEMSTATS     10
 104         { "_kmemstatistics" },
 105 #define X_KMEMZONES     11
 106         { "_kmemzones" },
 107 #ifdef notyet
 108 #define X_DEFICIT       XXX
 109         { "_deficit" },
 110 #define X_REC           XXX
 111         { "_rectime" },
 112 #define X_PGIN          XXX
 113         { "_pgintime" },
 114 #define X_XSTATS        XXX
 115         { "_xstats" },
 116 #define X_END           XXX
 117 #else
 118 #define X_END           12
 119 #endif
 120         { "" },
 121 };
 122
 123 static struct statinfo cur, last;
 124 static int num_devices, maxshowdevs;
 125 static long generation;
 126 static struct device_selection *dev_select;
 127 static int num_selected;
 128 static struct devstat_match *matches;
 129 static int num_matches = 0;
 130 static int num_devices_specified, num_selections;
 131 static long select_generation;
 132 static char **specified_devices;
 133 static devstat_select_mode select_mode;
 134
 135 static struct   vmmeter sum, osum;
 136
 137 static int      winlines = 20;
 138 static int      aflag;
 139 static int      nflag;
 140
 141 static kvm_t   *kd;
 142
 143 #define FORKSTAT        0x01
 144 #define INTRSTAT        0x02
 145 #define MEMSTAT         0x04
 146 #define SUMSTAT         0x08
 147 #define TIMESTAT        0x10
 148 #define VMSTAT          0x20
 149 #define ZMEMSTAT        0x40
 150
 151 static void     cpustats(void);
 152 static void     devstats(void);
 153 static void     doforkst(void);
 154 static void     dointr(void);
 155 static void     dosum(void);
 156 static void     dovmstat(unsigned int, int);
 157 static void     domemstat_malloc(void);
 158 static void     domemstat_zone(void);
 159 static void     kread(int, void *, size_t);
 160 static void     kreado(int, void *, size_t, size_t);
 161 static char    *kgetstr(const char *);
 162 static void     needhdr(int);
 163 static void     printhdr(void);
 164 static void     usage(void);
 165
 166 static long     pct(long, long);
 167 static long     getuptime(void);
 168
 169 static char   **getdrivedata(char **);
 170
 171 int
 172 main(int argc, char *argv[])
 173 {
 174         int c, todo;
 175         unsigned int interval;
 176         int reps;
 177         char *memf, *nlistf;
 178         char errbuf[_POSIX2_LINE_MAX];
 179
 180         memf = nlistf = NULL;
 181         interval = reps = todo = 0;
 182         maxshowdevs = 2;
 183         while ((c = getopt(argc, argv, "ac:fiM:mN:n:p:stw:z")) != -1) {
 184                 switch (c) {
 185                 case 'a':
 186                         aflag++;
 187                         break;
 188                 case 'c':
 189                         reps = atoi(optarg);
 190                         break;
 191                 case 'f':
 192                         todo |= FORKSTAT;
 193                         break;
 194                 case 'i':
 195                         todo |= INTRSTAT;
 196                         break;
 197                 case 'M':
 198                         memf = optarg;
 199                         break;
 200                 case 'm':
 201                         todo |= MEMSTAT;
 202                         break;
 203                 case 'N':
 204                         nlistf = optarg;
 205                         break;
 206                 case 'n':
 207                         nflag = 1;
 208                         maxshowdevs = atoi(optarg);
 209                         if (maxshowdevs < 0)
 210                                 errx(1, "number of devices %d is < 0",
 211                                      maxshowdevs);
 212                         break;
 213                 case 'p':
 214                         if (devstat_buildmatch(optarg, &matches, &num_matches) != 0)
 215                                 errx(1, "%s", devstat_errbuf);
 216                         break;
 217                 case 's':
 218                         todo |= SUMSTAT;
 219                         break;
 220                 case 't':
 221 #ifdef notyet
 222                         todo |= TIMESTAT;
 223 #else
 224                         errx(EX_USAGE, "sorry, -t is not (re)implemented yet");
 225 #endif
 226                         break;
 227                 case 'w':
 228                         interval = atoi(optarg);
 229                         break;
 230                 case 'z':
 231                         todo |= ZMEMSTAT;
 232                         break;
 233                 case '?':
 234                 default:
 235                         usage();
 236                 }
 237         }
 238         argc -= optind;
 239         argv += optind;
 240
 241         if (todo == 0)
 242                 todo = VMSTAT;
 243
 244         if (memf != NULL) {
 245                 kd = kvm_openfiles(nlistf, memf, NULL, O_RDONLY, errbuf);
 246                 if (kd == NULL)
 247                         errx(1, "kvm_openfiles: %s", errbuf);
 248         }
 249
 250         if (kd != NULL && (c = kvm_nlist(kd, namelist)) != 0) {
 251                 if (c > 0) {
 252                         warnx("undefined symbols:");
 253                         for (c = 0;
 254                              c < (int)(sizeof(namelist)/sizeof(namelist[0]));
 255                              c++)
 256                                 if (namelist[c].n_type == 0)
 257                                         (void)fprintf(stderr, " %s",
 258                                             namelist[c].n_name);
 259                         (void)fputc('\n', stderr);
 260                 } else
 261                         warnx("kvm_nlist: %s", kvm_geterr(kd));
 262                 exit(1);
 263         }
 264
 265         if (todo & VMSTAT) {
 266                 struct winsize winsize;
 267
 268                 /*
 269                  * Make sure that the userland devstat version matches the
 270                  * kernel devstat version.  If not, exit and print a
 271                  * message informing the user of his mistake.
 272                  */
 273                 if (devstat_checkversion(NULL) < 0)
 274                         errx(1, "%s", devstat_errbuf);
 275
 276
 277                 argv = getdrivedata(argv);
 278                 winsize.ws_row = 0;
 279                 (void) ioctl(STDOUT_FILENO, TIOCGWINSZ, (char *)&winsize);
 280                 if (winsize.ws_row > 0)
 281                         winlines = winsize.ws_row;
 282
 283         }
 284
 285 #define BACKWARD_COMPATIBILITY
 286 #ifdef  BACKWARD_COMPATIBILITY
 287         if (*argv) {
 288                 interval = atoi(*argv);
 289                 if (*++argv)
 290                         reps = atoi(*argv);
 291         }
 292 #endif
 293
 294         if (interval) {
 295                 if (!reps)
 296                         reps = -1;
 297         } else if (reps)
 298                 interval = 1;
 299
 300         if (todo & FORKSTAT)
 301                 doforkst();
 302         if (todo & MEMSTAT)
 303                 domemstat_malloc();
 304         if (todo & ZMEMSTAT)
 305                 domemstat_zone();
 306         if (todo & SUMSTAT)
 307                 dosum();
 308 #ifdef notyet
 309         if (todo & TIMESTAT)
 310                 dotimes();
 311 #endif
 312         if (todo & INTRSTAT)
 313                 dointr();
 314         if (todo & VMSTAT)
 315                 dovmstat(interval, reps);
 316         exit(0);
 317 }
 318
 319 static int
 320 mysysctl(const char *name, void *oldp, size_t *oldlenp,
 321     void *newp, size_t newlen)
 322 {
 323         int error;
 324
 325         error = sysctlbyname(name, oldp, oldlenp, newp, newlen);
 326         if (error != 0 && errno != ENOMEM)
 327                 err(1, "sysctl(%s)", name);
 328         return (error);
 329 }
 330
 331 static char **
 332 getdrivedata(char **argv)
 333 {
 334         if ((num_devices = devstat_getnumdevs(NULL)) < 0)
 335                 errx(1, "%s", devstat_errbuf);
 336
 337         cur.dinfo = (struct devinfo *)malloc(sizeof(struct devinfo));
 338         last.dinfo = (struct devinfo *)malloc(sizeof(struct devinfo));
 339         bzero(cur.dinfo, sizeof(struct devinfo));
 340         bzero(last.dinfo, sizeof(struct devinfo));
 341
 342         if (devstat_getdevs(NULL, &cur) == -1)
 343                 errx(1, "%s", devstat_errbuf);
 344
 345         num_devices = cur.dinfo->numdevs;
 346         generation = cur.dinfo->generation;
 347
 348         specified_devices = (char **)malloc(sizeof(char *));
 349         for (num_devices_specified = 0; *argv; ++argv) {
 350                 if (isdigit(**argv))
 351                         break;
 352                 num_devices_specified++;
 353                 specified_devices = (char **)realloc(specified_devices,
 354                                                      sizeof(char *) *
 355                                                      num_devices_specified);
 356                 specified_devices[num_devices_specified - 1] = *argv;
 357         }
 358         dev_select = NULL;
 359
 360         if (nflag == 0 && maxshowdevs < num_devices_specified)
 361                         maxshowdevs = num_devices_specified;
 362
 363         /*
 364          * People are generally only interested in disk statistics when
 365          * they're running vmstat.  So, that's what we're going to give
 366          * them if they don't specify anything by default.  We'll also give
 367          * them any other random devices in the system so that we get to
 368          * maxshowdevs devices, if that many devices exist.  If the user
 369          * specifies devices on the command line, either through a pattern
 370          * match or by naming them explicitly, we will give the user only
 371          * those devices.
 372          */
 373         if ((num_devices_specified == 0) && (num_matches == 0)) {
 374                 if (devstat_buildmatch(da, &matches, &num_matches) != 0)
 375                         errx(1, "%s", devstat_errbuf);
 376
 377                 select_mode = DS_SELECT_ADD;
 378         } else
 379                 select_mode = DS_SELECT_ONLY;
 380
 381         /*
 382          * At this point, selectdevs will almost surely indicate that the
 383          * device list has changed, so we don't look for return values of 0
 384          * or 1.  If we get back -1, though, there is an error.
 385          */
 386         if (devstat_selectdevs(&dev_select, &num_selected, &num_selections,
 387                        &select_generation, generation, cur.dinfo->devices,
 388                        num_devices, matches, num_matches, specified_devices,
 389                        num_devices_specified, select_mode,
 390                        maxshowdevs, 0) == -1)
 391                 errx(1, "%s", devstat_errbuf);
 392
 393         return(argv);
 394 }
 395
 396 static long
 397 getuptime(void)
 398 {
 399         struct timespec sp;
 400         time_t uptime;
 401
 402         (void)clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &sp);
 403         uptime = sp.tv_sec;
 404         if (uptime <= 0 || uptime > 60*60*24*365*10)
 405                 errx(1, "time makes no sense; namelist must be wrong");
 406
 407         return(uptime);
 408 }
 409
 410 static void
 411 fill_vmmeter(struct vmmeter *vmmp)
 412 {
 413         if (kd != NULL) {
 414                 kread(X_SUM, vmmp, sizeof(*vmmp));
 415         } else {
 416                 size_t size = sizeof(unsigned int);
 417 #define GET_VM_STATS(cat, name) \
 418         mysysctl("vm.stats." #cat "." #name, &vmmp->name, &size, NULL, 0)
 419                 /* sys */
 420                 GET_VM_STATS(sys, v_swtch);
 421                 GET_VM_STATS(sys, v_trap);
 422                 GET_VM_STATS(sys, v_syscall);
 423                 GET_VM_STATS(sys, v_intr);
 424                 GET_VM_STATS(sys, v_soft);
 425
 426                 /* vm */
 427                 GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_vm_faults);
 428                 GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_cow_faults);
 429                 GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_cow_optim);
 430                 GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_zfod);
 431                 GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_ozfod);
 432                 GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_swapin);
 433                 GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_swapout);
 434                 GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_swappgsin);
 435                 GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_swappgsout);
 436                 GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_vnodein);
 437                 GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_vnodeout);
 438                 GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_vnodepgsin);
 439                 GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_vnodepgsout);
 440                 GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_intrans);
 441                 GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_reactivated);
 442                 GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_pdwakeups);
 443                 GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_pdpages);
 444                 GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_dfree);
 445                 GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_pfree);
 446                 GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_tfree);
 447                 GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_page_size);
 448                 GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_page_count);
 449                 GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_free_reserved);
 450                 GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_free_target);
 451                 GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_free_min);
 452                 GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_free_count);
 453                 GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_wire_count);
 454                 GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_active_count);
 455                 GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_inactive_target);
 456                 GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_inactive_count);
 457                 GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_cache_count);
 458                 GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_cache_min);
 459                 GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_cache_max);
 460                 GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_pageout_free_min);
 461                 GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_interrupt_free_min);
 462                 /*GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_free_severe);*/
 463                 GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_forks);
 464                 GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_vforks);
 465                 GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_rforks);
 466                 GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_kthreads);
 467                 GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_forkpages);
 468                 GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_vforkpages);
 469                 GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_rforkpages);
 470                 GET_VM_STATS(vm, v_kthreadpages);
 471 #undef GET_VM_STATS
 472         }
 473 }
 474
 475 static void
 476 fill_vmtotal(struct vmtotal *vmtp)
 477 {
 478         if (kd != NULL) {
 479                 /* XXX fill vmtp */
 480                 errx(1, "not implemented");
 481         } else {
 482                 size_t size = sizeof(*vmtp);
 483                 mysysctl("vm.vmtotal", vmtp, &size, NULL, 0);
 484                 if (size != sizeof(*vmtp))
 485                         errx(1, "vm.total size mismatch");
 486         }
 487 }
 488
 489 static int hz, hdrcnt;
 490
 491 static void
 492 dovmstat(unsigned int interval, int reps)
 493 {
 494         struct vmtotal total;
 495         time_t uptime, halfuptime;
 496         struct devinfo *tmp_dinfo;
 497         size_t size;
 498
 499         uptime = getuptime();
 500         halfuptime = uptime / 2;
 501         (void)signal(SIGCONT, needhdr);
 502
 503         if (kd != NULL) {
 504                 if (namelist[X_STATHZ].n_type != 0 &&
 505                     namelist[X_STATHZ].n_value != 0)
 506                         kread(X_STATHZ, &hz, sizeof(hz));
 507                 if (!hz)
 508                         kread(X_HZ, &hz, sizeof(hz));
 509         } else {
 510                 struct clockinfo clockrate;
 511
 512                 size = sizeof(clockrate);
 513                 mysysctl("kern.clockrate", &clockrate, &size, NULL, 0);
 514                 if (size != sizeof(clockrate))
 515                         errx(1, "clockrate size mismatch");
 516                 hz = clockrate.hz;
 517         }
 518
 519         for (hdrcnt = 1;;) {
 520                 if (!--hdrcnt)
 521                         printhdr();
 522                 if (kd != NULL) {
 523                         kread(X_CPTIME, cur.cp_time, sizeof(cur.cp_time));
 524                 } else {
 525                         size = sizeof(cur.cp_time);
 526                         mysysctl("kern.cp_time", &cur.cp_time, &size, NULL, 0);
 527                         if (size != sizeof(cur.cp_time))
 528                                 errx(1, "cp_time size mismatch");
 529                 }
 530
 531                 tmp_dinfo = last.dinfo;
 532                 last.dinfo = cur.dinfo;
 533                 cur.dinfo = tmp_dinfo;
 534                 last.snap_time = cur.snap_time;
 535
 536                 /*
 537                  * Here what we want to do is refresh our device stats.
 538                  * getdevs() returns 1 when the device list has changed.
 539                  * If the device list has changed, we want to go through
 540                  * the selection process again, in case a device that we
 541                  * were previously displaying has gone away.
 542                  */
 543                 switch (devstat_getdevs(NULL, &cur)) {
 544                 case -1:
 545                         errx(1, "%s", devstat_errbuf);
 546                         break;
 547                 case 1: {
 548                         int retval;
 549
 550                         num_devices = cur.dinfo->numdevs;
 551                         generation = cur.dinfo->generation;
 552
 553                         retval = devstat_selectdevs(&dev_select, &num_selected,
 554                                             &num_selections, &select_generation,
 555                                             generation, cur.dinfo->devices,
 556                                             num_devices, matches, num_matches,
 557                                             specified_devices,
 558                                             num_devices_specified, select_mode,
 559                                             maxshowdevs, 0);
 560                         switch (retval) {
 561                         case -1:
 562                                 errx(1, "%s", devstat_errbuf);
 563                                 break;
 564                         case 1:
 565                                 printhdr();
 566                                 break;
 567                         default:
 568                                 break;
 569                         }
 570                 }
 571                 default:
 572                         break;
 573                 }
 574
 575                 fill_vmmeter(&sum);
 576                 fill_vmtotal(&total);
 577                 (void)printf("%2d %1d %1d",
 578                     total.t_rq - 1, total.t_dw + total.t_pw, total.t_sw);
 579 #define vmstat_pgtok(a) ((a) * (sum.v_page_size >> 10))
 580 #define rate(x) (((x) + halfuptime) / uptime)   /* round */
 581                 (void)printf(" %7ld %6ld ", (long)vmstat_pgtok(total.t_avm),
 582                              (long)vmstat_pgtok(total.t_free));
 583                 (void)printf("%4lu ",
 584                     (unsigned long)rate(sum.v_vm_faults - osum.v_vm_faults));
 585                 (void)printf("%3lu ",
 586                     (unsigned long)rate(sum.v_reactivated - osum.v_reactivated));
 587                 (void)printf("%3lu ",
 588                     (unsigned long)rate(sum.v_swapin + sum.v_vnodein -
 589                     (osum.v_swapin + osum.v_vnodein)));
 590                 (void)printf("%3lu ",
 591                     (unsigned long)rate(sum.v_swapout + sum.v_vnodeout -
 592                     (osum.v_swapout + osum.v_vnodeout)));
 593                 (void)printf("%3lu ",
 594                     (unsigned long)rate(sum.v_tfree - osum.v_tfree));
 595                 (void)printf("%3lu ",
 596                     (unsigned long)rate(sum.v_pdpages - osum.v_pdpages));
 597                 devstats();
 598                 (void)printf("%4lu %4lu %3lu ",
 599                     (unsigned long)rate(sum.v_intr - osum.v_intr),
 600                     (unsigned long)rate(sum.v_syscall - osum.v_syscall),
 601                     (unsigned long)rate(sum.v_swtch - osum.v_swtch));
 602                 cpustats();
 603                 (void)printf("\n");
 604                 (void)fflush(stdout);
 605                 if (reps >= 0 && --reps <= 0)
 606                         break;
 607                 osum = sum;
 608                 uptime = interval;
 609                 /*
 610                  * We round upward to avoid losing low-frequency events
 611                  * (i.e., >= 1 per interval but < 1 per second).
 612                  */
 613                 if (interval != 1)
 614                         halfuptime = (uptime + 1) / 2;
 615                 else
 616                         halfuptime = 0;
 617                 (void)sleep(interval);
 618         }
 619 }
 620
 621 static void
 622 printhdr(void)
 623 {
 624         int i, num_shown;
 625
 626         num_shown = (num_selected < maxshowdevs) ? num_selected : maxshowdevs;
 627         (void)printf(" procs      memory      page%*s", 19, "");
 628         if (num_shown > 1)
 629                 (void)printf(" disks %*s", num_shown * 4 - 7, "");
 630         else if (num_shown == 1)
 631                 (void)printf("disk");
 632         (void)printf("   faults      cpu\n");
 633         (void)printf(" r b w     avm    fre  flt  re  pi  po  fr  sr ");
 634         for (i = 0; i < num_devices; i++)
 635                 if ((dev_select[i].selected)
 636                  && (dev_select[i].selected <= maxshowdevs))
 637                         (void)printf("%c%c%d ", dev_select[i].device_name[0],
 638                                      dev_select[i].device_name[1],
 639                                      dev_select[i].unit_number);
 640         (void)printf("  in   sy  cs us sy id\n");
 641         hdrcnt = winlines - 2;
 642 }
 643
 644 /*
 645  * Force a header to be prepended to the next output.
 646  */
 647 static void
 648 needhdr(int dummy __unused)
 649 {
 650
 651         hdrcnt = 1;
 652 }
 653
 654 #ifdef notyet
 655 static void
 656 dotimes(void)
 657 {
 658         unsigned int pgintime, rectime;
 659
 660         kread(X_REC, &rectime, sizeof(rectime));
 661         kread(X_PGIN, &pgintime, sizeof(pgintime));
 662         kread(X_SUM, &sum, sizeof(sum));
 663         (void)printf("%u reclaims, %u total time (usec)\n",
 664             sum.v_pgrec, rectime);
 665         (void)printf("average: %u usec / reclaim\n", rectime / sum.v_pgrec);
 666         (void)printf("\n");
 667         (void)printf("%u page ins, %u total time (msec)\n",
 668             sum.v_pgin, pgintime / 10);
 669         (void)printf("average: %8.1f msec / page in\n",
 670             pgintime / (sum.v_pgin * 10.0));
 671 }
 672 #endif
 673
 674 static long
 675 pct(long top, long bot)
 676 {
 677         long ans;
 678
 679         if (bot == 0)
 680                 return(0);
 681         ans = (quad_t)top * 100 / bot;
 682         return (ans);
 683 }
 684
 685 #define PCT(top, bot) pct((long)(top), (long)(bot))
 686
 687 static void
 688 dosum(void)
 689 {
 690         struct nchstats lnchstats;
 691         long nchtotal;
 692
 693         fill_vmmeter(&sum);
 694         (void)printf("%9u cpu context switches\n", sum.v_swtch);
 695         (void)printf("%9u device interrupts\n", sum.v_intr);
 696         (void)printf("%9u software interrupts\n", sum.v_soft);
 697         (void)printf("%9u traps\n", sum.v_trap);
 698         (void)printf("%9u system calls\n", sum.v_syscall);
 699         (void)printf("%9u kernel threads created\n", sum.v_kthreads);
 700         (void)printf("%9u  fork() calls\n", sum.v_forks);
 701         (void)printf("%9u vfork() calls\n", sum.v_vforks);
 702         (void)printf("%9u rfork() calls\n", sum.v_rforks);
 703         (void)printf("%9u swap pager pageins\n", sum.v_swapin);
 704         (void)printf("%9u swap pager pages paged in\n", sum.v_swappgsin);
 705         (void)printf("%9u swap pager pageouts\n", sum.v_swapout);
 706         (void)printf("%9u swap pager pages paged out\n", sum.v_swappgsout);
 707         (void)printf("%9u vnode pager pageins\n", sum.v_vnodein);
 708         (void)printf("%9u vnode pager pages paged in\n", sum.v_vnodepgsin);
 709         (void)printf("%9u vnode pager pageouts\n", sum.v_vnodeout);
 710         (void)printf("%9u vnode pager pages paged out\n", sum.v_vnodepgsout);
 711         (void)printf("%9u page daemon wakeups\n", sum.v_pdwakeups);
 712         (void)printf("%9u pages examined by the page daemon\n", sum.v_pdpages);
 713         (void)printf("%9u pages reactivated\n", sum.v_reactivated);
 714         (void)printf("%9u copy-on-write faults\n", sum.v_cow_faults);
 715         (void)printf("%9u copy-on-write optimized faults\n", sum.v_cow_optim);
 716         (void)printf("%9u zero fill pages zeroed\n", sum.v_zfod);
 717         (void)printf("%9u zero fill pages prezeroed\n", sum.v_ozfod);
 718         (void)printf("%9u intransit blocking page faults\n", sum.v_intrans);
 719         (void)printf("%9u total VM faults taken\n", sum.v_vm_faults);
 720         (void)printf("%9u pages affected by kernel thread creation\n", sum.v_kthreadpages);
 721         (void)printf("%9u pages affected by  fork()\n", sum.v_forkpages);
 722         (void)printf("%9u pages affected by vfork()\n", sum.v_vforkpages);
 723         (void)printf("%9u pages affected by rfork()\n", sum.v_rforkpages);
 724         (void)printf("%9u pages freed\n", sum.v_tfree);
 725         (void)printf("%9u pages freed by daemon\n", sum.v_dfree);
 726         (void)printf("%9u pages freed by exiting processes\n", sum.v_pfree);
 727         (void)printf("%9u pages active\n", sum.v_active_count);
 728         (void)printf("%9u pages inactive\n", sum.v_inactive_count);
 729         (void)printf("%9u pages in VM cache\n", sum.v_cache_count);
 730         (void)printf("%9u pages wired down\n", sum.v_wire_count);
 731         (void)printf("%9u pages free\n", sum.v_free_count);
 732         (void)printf("%9u bytes per page\n", sum.v_page_size);
 733         if (kd != NULL) {
 734                 kread(X_NCHSTATS, &lnchstats, sizeof(lnchstats));
 735         } else {
 736                 size_t size = sizeof(lnchstats);
 737                 mysysctl("vfs.cache.nchstats", &lnchstats, &size, NULL, 0);
 738                 if (size != sizeof(lnchstats))
 739                         errx(1, "vfs.cache.nchstats size mismatch");
 740         }
 741         nchtotal = lnchstats.ncs_goodhits + lnchstats.ncs_neghits +
 742             lnchstats.ncs_badhits + lnchstats.ncs_falsehits +
 743             lnchstats.ncs_miss + lnchstats.ncs_long;
 744         (void)printf("%9ld total name lookups\n", nchtotal);
 745         (void)printf(
 746             "%9s cache hits (%ld%% pos + %ld%% neg) system %ld%% per-directory\n",
 747             "", PCT(lnchstats.ncs_goodhits, nchtotal),
 748             PCT(lnchstats.ncs_neghits, nchtotal),
 749             PCT(lnchstats.ncs_pass2, nchtotal));
 750         (void)printf("%9s deletions %ld%%, falsehits %ld%%, toolong %ld%%\n", "",
 751             PCT(lnchstats.ncs_badhits, nchtotal),
 752             PCT(lnchstats.ncs_falsehits, nchtotal),
 753             PCT(lnchstats.ncs_long, nchtotal));
 754 }
 755
 756 static void
 757 doforkst(void)
 758 {
 759         fill_vmmeter(&sum);
 760         (void)printf("%u forks, %u pages, average %.2f\n",
 761             sum.v_forks, sum.v_forkpages,
 762             sum.v_forks == 0 ? 0.0 :
 763             (double)sum.v_forkpages / sum.v_forks);
 764         (void)printf("%u vforks, %u pages, average %.2f\n",
 765             sum.v_vforks, sum.v_vforkpages,
 766             sum.v_vforks == 0 ? 0.0 :
 767             (double)sum.v_vforkpages / sum.v_vforks);
 768         (void)printf("%u rforks, %u pages, average %.2f\n",
 769             sum.v_rforks, sum.v_rforkpages,
 770             sum.v_rforks == 0 ? 0.0 :
 771             (double)sum.v_rforkpages / sum.v_rforks);
 772 }
 773
 774 static void
 775 devstats(void)
 776 {
 777         int dn, state;
 778         long double transfers_per_second;
 779         long double busy_seconds;
 780         long tmp;
 781
 782         for (state = 0; state < CPUSTATES; ++state) {
 783                 tmp = cur.cp_time[state];
 784                 cur.cp_time[state] -= last.cp_time[state];
 785                 last.cp_time[state] = tmp;
 786         }
 787
 788         busy_seconds = cur.snap_time - last.snap_time;
 789
 790         for (dn = 0; dn < num_devices; dn++) {
 791                 int di;
 792
 793                 if ((dev_select[dn].selected == 0)
 794                  || (dev_select[dn].selected > maxshowdevs))
 795                         continue;
 796
 797                 di = dev_select[dn].position;
 798
 799                 if (devstat_compute_statistics(&cur.dinfo->devices[di],
 800                     &last.dinfo->devices[di], busy_seconds,
 801                     DSM_TRANSFERS_PER_SECOND, &transfers_per_second,
 802                     DSM_NONE) != 0)
 803                         errx(1, "%s", devstat_errbuf);
 804
 805                 (void)printf("%3.0Lf ", transfers_per_second);
 806         }
 807 }
 808
 809 static void
 810 cpustats(void)
 811 {
 812         int state;
 813         double lpct, total;
 814
 815         total = 0;
 816         for (state = 0; state < CPUSTATES; ++state)
 817                 total += cur.cp_time[state];
 818         if (total)
 819                 lpct = 100.0 / total;
 820         else
 821                 lpct = 0.0;
 822         (void)printf("%2.0f ", (cur.cp_time[CP_USER] +
 823                                 cur.cp_time[CP_NICE]) * lpct);
 824         (void)printf("%2.0f ", (cur.cp_time[CP_SYS] +
 825                                 cur.cp_time[CP_INTR]) * lpct);
 826         (void)printf("%2.0f", cur.cp_time[CP_IDLE] * lpct);
 827 }
 828
 829 static void
 830 dointr(void)
 831 {
 832         unsigned long *intrcnt, uptime;
 833         uint64_t inttotal;
 834         size_t clen, inamlen, intrcntlen, istrnamlen;
 835         unsigned int i, nintr;
 836         char *intrname, *tintrname;
 837
 838         uptime = getuptime();
 839         if (kd != NULL) {
 840                 intrcntlen = namelist[X_EINTRCNT].n_value -
 841                     namelist[X_INTRCNT].n_value;
 842                 inamlen = namelist[X_EINTRNAMES].n_value -
 843                     namelist[X_INTRNAMES].n_value;
 844                 if ((intrcnt = malloc(intrcntlen)) == NULL ||
 845                     (intrname = malloc(inamlen)) == NULL)
 846                         err(1, "malloc()");
 847                 kread(X_INTRCNT, intrcnt, intrcntlen);
 848                 kread(X_INTRNAMES, intrname, inamlen);
 849         } else {
 850                 for (intrcnt = NULL, intrcntlen = 1024; ; intrcntlen *= 2) {
 851                         if ((intrcnt = reallocf(intrcnt, intrcntlen)) == NULL)
 852                                 err(1, "reallocf()");
 853                         if (mysysctl("hw.intrcnt",
 854                             intrcnt, &intrcntlen, NULL, 0) == 0)
 855                                 break;
 856                 }
 857                 for (intrname = NULL, inamlen = 1024; ; inamlen *= 2) {
 858                         if ((intrname = reallocf(intrname, inamlen)) == NULL)
 859                                 err(1, "reallocf()");
 860                         if (mysysctl("hw.intrnames",
 861                             intrname, &inamlen, NULL, 0) == 0)
 862                                 break;
 863                 }
 864         }
 865         nintr = intrcntlen / sizeof(unsigned long);
 866         tintrname = intrname;
 867         istrnamlen = strlen("interrupt");
 868         for (i = 0; i < nintr; i++) {
 869                 clen = strlen(tintrname);
 870                 if (clen > istrnamlen)
 871                         istrnamlen = clen;
 872                 tintrname += clen + 1;
 873         }
 874         (void)printf("%-*s %20s %10s\n", istrnamlen, "interrupt", "total",
 875             "rate");
 876         inttotal = 0;
 877         for (i = 0; i < nintr; i++) {
 878                 if (intrname[0] != '\0' && (*intrcnt != 0 || aflag))
 879                         (void)printf("%-*s %20lu %10lu\n", istrnamlen, intrname,
 880                             *intrcnt, *intrcnt / uptime);
 881                 intrname += strlen(intrname) + 1;
 882                 inttotal += *intrcnt++;
 883         }
 884         (void)printf("%-*s %20llu %10llu\n", istrnamlen, "Total",
 885             (long long)inttotal, (long long)(inttotal / uptime));
 886 }
 887
 888 static void
 889 domemstat_malloc(void)
 890 {
 891         struct memory_type_list *mtlp;
 892         struct memory_type *mtp;
 893         int error, first, i;
 894
 895         mtlp = memstat_mtl_alloc();
 896         if (mtlp == NULL) {
 897                 warn("memstat_mtl_alloc");
 898                 return;
 899         }
 900         if (kd == NULL) {
 901                 if (memstat_sysctl_malloc(mtlp, 0) < 0) {
 902                         warnx("memstat_sysctl_malloc: %s",
 903                             memstat_strerror(memstat_mtl_geterror(mtlp)));
 904                         return;
 905                 }
 906         } else {
 907                 if (memstat_kvm_malloc(mtlp, kd) < 0) {
 908                         error = memstat_mtl_geterror(mtlp);
 909                         if (error == MEMSTAT_ERROR_KVM)
 910                                 warnx("memstat_kvm_malloc: %s",
 911                                     kvm_geterr(kd));
 912                         else
 913                                 warnx("memstat_kvm_malloc: %s",
 914                                     memstat_strerror(error));
 915                 }
 916         }
 917         printf("%13s %5s %6s %7s %8s  Size(s)\n", "Type", "InUse", "MemUse",
 918             "HighUse", "Requests");
 919         for (mtp = memstat_mtl_first(mtlp); mtp != NULL;
 920             mtp = memstat_mtl_next(mtp)) {
 921                 if (memstat_get_numallocs(mtp) == 0 &&
 922                     memstat_get_count(mtp) == 0)
 923                         continue;
 924                 printf("%13s %5lld %5lldK %7s %8lld  ",
 925                     memstat_get_name(mtp), memstat_get_count(mtp),
 926                     ((int64_t)memstat_get_bytes(mtp) + 1023) / 1024, "-",
 927                     memstat_get_numallocs(mtp));
 928                 first = 1;
 929                 for (i = 0; i < 32; i++) {
 930                         if (memstat_get_sizemask(mtp) & (1 << i)) {
 931                                 if (!first)
 932                                         printf(",");
 933                                 printf("%d", 1 << (i + 4));
 934                                 first = 0;
 935                         }
 936                 }
 937                 printf("\n");
 938         }
 939         memstat_mtl_free(mtlp);
 940 }
 941
 942 static void
 943 domemstat_zone(void)
 944 {
 945         struct memory_type_list *mtlp;
 946         struct memory_type *mtp;
 947         char name[MEMTYPE_MAXNAME + 1];
 948         int error;
 949
 950         mtlp = memstat_mtl_alloc();
 951         if (mtlp == NULL) {
 952                 warn("memstat_mtl_alloc");
 953                 return;
 954         }
 955         if (kd == NULL) {
 956                 if (memstat_sysctl_uma(mtlp, 0) < 0) {
 957                         warnx("memstat_sysctl_uma: %s",
 958                             memstat_strerror(memstat_mtl_geterror(mtlp)));
 959                         return;
 960                 }
 961         } else {
 962                 if (memstat_kvm_uma(mtlp, kd) < 0) {
 963                         error = memstat_mtl_geterror(mtlp);
 964                         if (error == MEMSTAT_ERROR_KVM)
 965                                 warnx("memstat_kvm_uma: %s",
 966                                     kvm_geterr(kd));
 967                         else
 968                                 warnx("memstat_kvm_uma: %s",
 969                                     memstat_strerror(error));
 970                 }
 971         }
 972         printf("%-15s %-8s %-9s %-7s %-5s %-8s\n\n", "ITEM", "SIZE", "LIMIT",
 973             "USED", "FREE", "REQUESTS");
 974         for (mtp = memstat_mtl_first(mtlp); mtp != NULL;
 975             mtp = memstat_mtl_next(mtp)) {
 976                 strlcpy(name, memstat_get_name(mtp), MEMTYPE_MAXNAME);
 977                 strcat(name, ":");
 978                 printf("%-15s %4llu, %8llu, %7llu, %6llu, %8llu\n", name,
 979                     memstat_get_size(mtp), memstat_get_countlimit(mtp),
 980                     memstat_get_count(mtp), memstat_get_free(mtp),
 981                     memstat_get_numallocs(mtp));
 982         }
 983         memstat_mtl_free(mtlp);
 984         printf("\n");
 985 }
 986
 987 /*
 988  * kread reads something from the kernel, given its nlist index.
 989  */
 990 static void
 991 kreado(int nlx, void *addr, size_t size, size_t offset)
 992 {
 993         const char *sym;
 994
 995         if (namelist[nlx].n_type == 0 || namelist[nlx].n_value == 0) {
 996                 sym = namelist[nlx].n_name;
 997                 if (*sym == '_')
 998                         ++sym;
 999                 errx(1, "symbol %s not defined", sym);
1000         }
1001         if ((size_t)kvm_read(kd, namelist[nlx].n_value + offset, addr,
1002             size) != size) {
1003                 sym = namelist[nlx].n_name;
1004                 if (*sym == '_')
1005                         ++sym;
1006                 errx(1, "%s: %s", sym, kvm_geterr(kd));
1007         }
1008 }
1009
1010 static void
1011 kread(int nlx, void *addr, size_t size)
1012 {
1013         kreado(nlx, addr, size, 0);
1014 }
1015
1016 static char *
1017 kgetstr(const char *strp)
1018 {
1019         int n = 0, size = 1;
1020         char *ret = NULL;
1021
1022         do {
1023                 if (size == n + 1) {
1024                         ret = realloc(ret, size);
1025                         if (ret == NULL)
1026                                 err(1, "%s: realloc", __func__);
1027                         size *= 2;
1028                 }
1029                 if (kvm_read(kd, (u_long)strp + n, &ret[n], 1) != 1)
1030                         errx(1, "%s: %s", __func__, kvm_geterr(kd));
1031         } while (ret[n++] != '\0');
1032         return (ret);
1033 }
1034
1035 static void
1036 usage(void)
1037 {
1038         (void)fprintf(stderr, "%s%s",
1039                 "usage: vmstat [-afimsz] [-c count] [-M core [-N system]] [-w wait]\n",
1040                 "              [-n devs] [-p type,if,pass] [disks]\n");
1041         exit(1);
1042 }