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32 .Nd "run a guest operating system inside a virtual machine"
47 .Op Fl l Ar help|lpcdev Ns Op , Ns Ar conf
48 .Op Fl m Ar memsize Ns Op Ar K|k|M|m|G|g|T|t
49 .Op Fl p Ar vcpu:hostcpu
50 .Op Fl s Ar help|slot,emulation Ns Op , Ns Ar conf
56 is a hypervisor that runs guest operating systems inside a
59 Parameters such as the number of virtual CPUs, amount of guest memory, and
60 I/O connectivity can be specified with command-line parameters.
62 If not using a boot ROM, the guest operating system must be loaded with
64 or a similar boot loader before running
66 otherwise, it is enough to run
68 with a boot ROM of choice.
71 runs until the guest operating system reboots or an unhandled hypervisor
76 The guest's local APIC is configured in xAPIC mode.
77 The xAPIC mode is the default setting so this option is redundant.
78 It will be deprecated in a future version.
85 Enable a low-level console device supported by
88 .Cd "device bvmconsole" .
89 This option will be deprecated in a future version.
90 .It Fl c Op Ar setting ...
91 Number of guest virtual CPUs
92 and/or the CPU topology.
93 The default value for each of
100 The current maximum number of guest virtual CPUs is 16.
103 is not specified then it will be calculated from the other arguments.
104 The topology must be consistent in that the
106 must equal the product of
113 is specified more than once the last one has precedence.
115 Include guest memory in core file.
119 to exit when a guest issues an access to an I/O port that is not emulated.
120 This is intended for debug purposes.
124 kernels compiled with
125 .Cd "device bvmdebug" ,
126 allow a remote kernel kgdb to be relayed to the guest kernel gdb stub
127 via a local IPv4 address and this port.
128 This option will be deprecated in a future version.
130 Start a debug server that uses the GDB protocol to export guest state to a
132 An IPv4 TCP socket will be bound to the supplied
134 to listen for debugger connections.
135 Only a single debugger may be attached to the debug server at a time.
141 will pause execution at the first instruction waiting for a debugger to attach.
143 Print help message and exit.
145 Yield the virtual CPU thread when a HLT instruction is detected.
146 If this option is not specified, virtual CPUs will use 100% of a host CPU.
147 .It Fl l Op Ar help|lpcdev Ns Op , Ns Ar conf
148 Allow devices behind the LPC PCI-ISA bridge to be configured.
149 The only supported devices are the TTY-class devices
153 and the boot ROM device
157 print a list of supported LPC devices.
158 .It Fl m Ar memsize Ns Op Ar K|k|M|m|G|g|T|t
159 Guest physical memory size in bytes.
160 This must be the same size that was given to
163 The size argument may be suffixed with one of K, M, G or T (either upper
164 or lower case) to indicate a multiple of kilobytes, megabytes, gigabytes,
166 If no suffix is given, the value is assumed to be in megabytes.
170 .It Fl p Ar vcpu:hostcpu
171 Pin guest's virtual CPU
176 Force the guest virtual CPU to exit when a PAUSE instruction is detected.
177 .It Fl s Op Ar help|slot,emulation Ns Op , Ns Ar conf
178 Configure a virtual PCI slot and function.
181 provides PCI bus emulation and virtual devices that can be attached to
183 There are 32 available slots, with the option of providing up to 8 functions
187 print a list of supported PCI devices.
189 .Ar pcislot[:function]
190 .Ar bus:pcislot:function
201 If not specified, the
204 If not specified, the
209 .It Li hostbridge | Li amd_hostbridge
211 Provide a simple host bridge.
212 This is usually configured at slot 0, and is required by most guest
216 emulation is identical but uses a PCI vendor ID of
219 PCI pass-through device.
221 Virtio network interface.
223 Virtio block storage interface.
225 Virtio SCSI interface.
227 Virtio RNG interface.
228 .It Li virtio-console
229 Virtio console interface, which exposes multiple ports
230 to the guest in the form of simple char devices for simple IO
231 between the guest and host userspaces.
233 AHCI controller attached to arbitrary devices.
235 AHCI controller attached to an ATAPI CD/DVD.
237 AHCI controller attached to a SATA hard-drive.
239 Intel e82545 network interface.
241 PCI 16550 serial device.
243 LPC PCI-ISA bridge with COM1 and COM2 16550 serial ports and a boot ROM.
244 The LPC bridge emulation can only be configured on bus 0.
246 Raw framebuffer device attached to VNC server.
248 eXtensible Host Controller Interface (xHCI) USB controller.
250 NVM Express (NVMe) controller.
252 High Definition Audio Controller.
255 This optional parameter describes the backend for device emulations.
258 is not specified, the device emulation has no backend and can be
259 considered unconnected.
263 .It Ar tapN Ns Op , Ns Ar mac=xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx
264 .It Ar vmnetN Ns Op , Ns Ar mac=xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx
268 is not specified, the MAC address is derived from a fixed OUI and the
269 remaining bytes from an MD5 hash of the slot and function numbers and
272 The MAC address is an ASCII string in
277 Block storage devices:
279 .It Pa /filename Ns Oo , Ns Ar block-device-options Oc
280 .It Pa /dev/xxx Ns Oo , Ns Ar block-device-options Oc
284 .Ar block-device-options
294 Force the file to be opened read-only.
295 .It Li sectorsize= Ns Ar logical Ns Oo / Ns Ar physical Oc
296 Specify the logical and physical sector sizes of the emulated disk.
297 The physical sector size is optional and is equal to the logical sector size
298 if not explicitly specified.
303 .It Pa /dev/cam/ctl Ns Oo Ar pp . Ns Ar vp Oc Ns Oo , Ns Ar scsi-device-options Oc
307 .Ar scsi-device-options
310 .It Li iid= Ns Ar IID
311 Initiator ID to use when sending requests to specified CTL port.
312 The default value is 0.
318 Connect the serial port to the standard input and output of
323 Use the host TTY device for serial port I/O.
331 in the guest address space reserved for boot firmware.
334 Pass-through devices:
336 .It Ns Ar slot Ns / Ns Ar bus Ns / Ns Ar function
337 Connect to a PCI device on the host at the selector described by
345 Guest memory must be wired using the
347 option when a pass-through device is configured.
349 The host device must have been reserved at boot-time using the
351 loader variable as described in
354 Virtio console devices:
356 .It Li port1= Ns Pa /path/to/port1.sock Ns ,anotherport= Ns Pa ...
357 A maximum of 16 ports per device can be created.
358 Every port is named and corresponds to a Unix domain socket created by
361 accepts at most one connection per port at a time.
364 .Bl -bullet -offset 2n
366 Due to lack of destructors in
368 sockets on the filesystem must be cleaned up manually after
372 There is no way to use the "console port" feature, nor the console port
375 Emergency write is advertised, but no-op at present.
382 .Oo rfb= Ns Oo Ar IP\&: Oc Ns Ar port Oc Ns Oo ,w= Ns Ar width Oc Ns Oo ,h= Ns
383 .Ar height Oc Ns Oo ,vga= Ns Ar vgaconf Oc Ns Oo Ns ,wait Oc Ns Oo ,password= Ns
387 .It Ar IPv4:port No or Ar [IPv6%zone]:port
392 VNC should listen on.
393 The default is to listen on localhost IPv4 address and default VNC port 5900.
394 An IPv6 address must be enclosed in square brackets and may contain an
395 optional zone identifier.
396 .It Ar width No and Ar height
397 A display resolution, width and height, respectively.
398 If not specified, a default resolution of 1024x768 pixels will be used.
399 Minimal supported resolution is 640x480 pixels,
400 and maximum is 1920x1200 pixels.
402 Possible values for this option are
408 PCI graphics cards have a dual personality in that they are
409 standard PCI devices with BAR addressing, but may also
410 implicitly decode legacy VGA I/O space
413 .Pq 64KB at Ad 0xA0000 .
416 option should be used for guests that attempt to issue BIOS calls which result
417 in I/O port queries, and fail to boot if I/O decode is disabled.
421 option should be used along with the CSM BIOS capability in UEFI
422 to boot traditional BIOS guests that require the legacy VGA I/O and
423 memory regions to be available.
427 option should be used for the UEFI guests that assume that
428 VGA adapter is present if they detect the I/O ports.
429 An example of such a guest is
437 .Pq Lk https://wiki.freebsd.org/bhyve
438 for configuration notes of particular guests.
442 to only boot upon the initiation of a VNC connection, simplifying the
443 installation of operating systems that require immediate keyboard input.
444 This can be removed for post-installation use.
446 This type of authentication is known to be cryptographically weak and is not
447 intended for use on untrusted networks.
448 Many implementations will want to use stronger security, such as running
449 the session over an encrypted channel provided by IPsec or SSH.
456 A USB tablet device which provides precise cursor synchronization
463 Accepted device paths are:
468 .Ar ram=size_in_MiB .
470 Max number of queues.
472 Max elements in each queue.
474 Max number of concurrent I/O requests.
476 Sector size (defaults to blockif sector size).
478 Serial number with maximum 20 characters.
484 Playback device, typically
487 Recording device, typically
496 Set the universally unique identifier
498 in the guest's System Management BIOS System Information structure.
499 By default a UUID is generated from the host's hostname and
502 Ignore accesses to unimplemented Model Specific Registers (MSRs).
503 This is intended for debug purposes.
505 Force virtio PCI device emulations to use MSI interrupts instead of MSI-X
508 The guest's local APIC is configured in x2APIC mode.
510 Disable MPtable generation.
512 Alphanumeric name of the guest.
513 This should be the same as that created by
517 The current debug server provides limited support for debuggers.
519 Each virtual CPU is exposed to the debugger as a thread.
521 General purpose registers can be queried for each virtual CPU, but other
522 registers such as floating-point and system registers cannot be queried.
524 Memory (including memory mapped I/O regions) can be read by the debugger,
526 Memory operations use virtual addresses that are resolved to physical addresses
527 via the current virtual CPU's active address translation.
529 The running guest can be interrupted by the debugger at any time
530 .Pq for example, by pressing Ctrl-C in the debugger .
532 Single stepping is only supported on Intel CPUs supporting the MTRAP VM exit.
534 Breakpoints are not supported.
537 deals with the following signals:
539 .Bl -tag -width indent -compact
541 Trigger ACPI poweroff for a VM
544 Exit status indicates how the VM was terminated:
546 .Bl -tag -width indent -compact
556 exited due to an error
559 If not using a boot ROM, the guest operating system must have been loaded with
561 or a similar boot loader before
564 Otherwise, the boot loader is not needed.
566 To run a virtual machine with 1GB of memory, two virtual CPUs, a virtio
567 block device backed by the
569 filesystem image, and a serial port for the console:
570 .Bd -literal -offset indent
571 bhyve -c 2 -s 0,hostbridge -s 1,lpc -s 2,virtio-blk,/my/image \\
572 -l com1,stdio -A -H -P -m 1G vm1
575 Run a 24GB single-CPU virtual machine with three network ports, one of which
576 has a MAC address specified:
577 .Bd -literal -offset indent
578 bhyve -s 0,hostbridge -s 1,lpc -s 2:0,virtio-net,tap0 \\
579 -s 2:1,virtio-net,tap1 \\
580 -s 2:2,virtio-net,tap2,mac=00:be:fa:76:45:00 \\
581 -s 3,virtio-blk,/my/image -l com1,stdio \\
582 -A -H -P -m 24G bigvm
585 Run an 8GB quad-CPU virtual machine with 8 AHCI SATA disks, an AHCI ATAPI
586 CD-ROM, a single virtio network port, an AMD hostbridge, and the console
590 .Bd -literal -offset indent
592 -s 0,amd_hostbridge -s 1,lpc \\
593 -s 1:0,ahci,hd:/images/disk.1,hd:/images/disk.2,\\
594 hd:/images/disk.3,hd:/images/disk.4,\\
595 hd:/images/disk.5,hd:/images/disk.6,\\
596 hd:/images/disk.7,hd:/images/disk.8,\\
597 cd:/images/install.iso \\
598 -s 3,virtio-net,tap0 \\
599 -l com1,/dev/nmdm0A \\
603 Run a UEFI virtual machine with a display resolution of 800 by 600 pixels
604 that can be accessed via VNC at: 0.0.0.0:5900.
605 .Bd -literal -offset indent
606 bhyve -c 2 -m 4G -w -H \\
608 -s 3,ahci-cd,/path/to/uefi-OS-install.iso \\
609 -s 4,ahci-hd,disk.img \\
610 -s 5,virtio-net,tap0 \\
611 -s 29,fbuf,tcp=0.0.0.0:5900,w=800,h=600,wait \\
613 -s 31,lpc -l com1,stdio \\
614 -l bootrom,/usr/local/share/uefi-firmware/BHYVE_UEFI.fd \\
618 Run a UEFI virtual machine with a VNC display that is bound to all IPv6
619 addresses on port 5900.
620 .Bd -literal -offset indent
621 bhyve -c 2 -m 4G -w -H \\
623 -s 4,ahci-hd,disk.img \\
624 -s 5,virtio-net,tap0 \\
625 -s 29,fbuf,tcp=[::]:5900,w=800,h=600 \\
627 -s 31,lpc -l com1,stdio \\
628 -l bootrom,/usr/local/share/uefi-firmware/BHYVE_UEFI.fd \\
641 .%B 64 and IA-32 Architectures Software Developer’s Manual
649 .An Neel Natu Aq Mt neel@freebsd.org
650 .An Peter Grehan Aq Mt grehan@freebsd.org