2 * SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause-FreeBSD
4 * Copyright (c) 2013 Chris Torek <torek @ torek net>
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8 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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25 * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
35 * These are derived from several virtio specifications.
38 * https://github.com/rustyrussell/virtio-spec
39 * http://people.redhat.com/pbonzini/virtio-spec.pdf
43 * A virtual device has zero or more "virtual queues" (virtqueue).
44 * Each virtqueue uses at least two 4096-byte pages, laid out thus:
46 * +-----------------------------------------------+
47 * | "desc": <N> descriptors, 16 bytes each |
48 * | ----------------------------------------- |
49 * | "avail": 2 uint16; <N> uint16; 1 uint16 |
50 * | ----------------------------------------- |
51 * | pad to 4k boundary |
52 * +-----------------------------------------------+
53 * | "used": 2 x uint16; <N> elems; 1 uint16 |
54 * | ----------------------------------------- |
55 * | pad to 4k boundary |
56 * +-----------------------------------------------+
58 * The number <N> that appears here is always a power of two and is
59 * limited to no more than 32768 (as it must fit in a 16-bit field).
60 * If <N> is sufficiently large, the above will occupy more than
61 * two pages. In any case, all pages must be physically contiguous
62 * within the guest's physical address space.
64 * The <N> 16-byte "desc" descriptors consist of a 64-bit guest
65 * physical address <addr>, a 32-bit length <len>, a 16-bit
66 * <flags>, and a 16-bit <next> field (all in guest byte order).
68 * There are three flags that may be set :
69 * NEXT descriptor is chained, so use its "next" field
70 * WRITE descriptor is for host to write into guest RAM
71 * (else host is to read from guest RAM)
72 * INDIRECT descriptor address field is (guest physical)
73 * address of a linear array of descriptors
75 * Unless INDIRECT is set, <len> is the number of bytes that may
76 * be read/written from guest physical address <addr>. If
77 * INDIRECT is set, WRITE is ignored and <len> provides the length
78 * of the indirect descriptors (and <len> must be a multiple of
79 * 16). Note that NEXT may still be set in the main descriptor
80 * pointing to the indirect, and should be set in each indirect
81 * descriptor that uses the next descriptor (these should generally
82 * be numbered sequentially). However, INDIRECT must not be set
83 * in the indirect descriptors. Upon reaching an indirect descriptor
84 * without a NEXT bit, control returns to the direct descriptors.
86 * Except inside an indirect, each <next> value must be in the
87 * range [0 .. N) (i.e., the half-open interval). (Inside an
88 * indirect, each <next> must be in the range [0 .. <len>/16).)
90 * The "avail" data structures reside in the same pages as the
91 * "desc" structures since both together are used by the device to
92 * pass information to the hypervisor's virtual driver. These
93 * begin with a 16-bit <flags> field and 16-bit index <idx>, then
94 * have <N> 16-bit <ring> values, followed by one final 16-bit
95 * field <used_event>. The <N> <ring> entries are simply indices
96 * indices into the descriptor ring (and thus must meet the same
97 * constraints as each <next> value). However, <idx> is counted
98 * up from 0 (initially) and simply wraps around after 65535; it
99 * is taken mod <N> to find the next available entry.
101 * The "used" ring occupies a separate page or pages, and contains
102 * values written from the virtual driver back to the guest OS.
103 * This begins with a 16-bit <flags> and 16-bit <idx>, then there
104 * are <N> "vring_used" elements, followed by a 16-bit <avail_event>.
105 * The <N> "vring_used" elements consist of a 32-bit <id> and a
106 * 32-bit <len> (vu_tlen below). The <id> is simply the index of
107 * the head of a descriptor chain the guest made available
108 * earlier, and the <len> is the number of bytes actually written,
109 * e.g., in the case of a network driver that provided a large
110 * receive buffer but received only a small amount of data.
112 * The two event fields, <used_event> and <avail_event>, in the
113 * avail and used rings (respectively -- note the reversal!), are
114 * always provided, but are used only if the virtual device
115 * negotiates the VIRTIO_RING_F_EVENT_IDX feature during feature
116 * negotiation. Similarly, both rings provide a flag --
117 * VRING_AVAIL_F_NO_INTERRUPT and VRING_USED_F_NO_NOTIFY -- in
118 * their <flags> field, indicating that the guest does not need an
119 * interrupt, or that the hypervisor driver does not need a
120 * notify, when descriptors are added to the corresponding ring.
121 * (These are provided only for interrupt optimization and need
122 * not be implemented.)
124 #define VRING_ALIGN 4096
126 #define VRING_DESC_F_NEXT (1 << 0)
127 #define VRING_DESC_F_WRITE (1 << 1)
128 #define VRING_DESC_F_INDIRECT (1 << 2)
130 struct virtio_desc { /* AKA vring_desc */
131 uint64_t vd_addr; /* guest physical address */
132 uint32_t vd_len; /* length of scatter/gather seg */
133 uint16_t vd_flags; /* VRING_F_DESC_* */
134 uint16_t vd_next; /* next desc if F_NEXT */
137 struct virtio_used { /* AKA vring_used_elem */
138 uint32_t vu_idx; /* head of used descriptor chain */
139 uint32_t vu_tlen; /* length written-to */
142 #define VRING_AVAIL_F_NO_INTERRUPT 1
145 uint16_t va_flags; /* VRING_AVAIL_F_* */
146 uint16_t va_idx; /* counts to 65535, then cycles */
147 uint16_t va_ring[]; /* size N, reported in QNUM value */
148 /* uint16_t va_used_event; -- after N ring entries */
151 #define VRING_USED_F_NO_NOTIFY 1
153 uint16_t vu_flags; /* VRING_USED_F_* */
154 uint16_t vu_idx; /* counts to 65535, then cycles */
155 struct virtio_used vu_ring[]; /* size N */
156 /* uint16_t vu_avail_event; -- after N ring entries */
160 * The address of any given virtual queue is determined by a single
161 * Page Frame Number register. The guest writes the PFN into the
162 * PCI config space. However, a device that has two or more
163 * virtqueues can have a different PFN, and size, for each queue.
164 * The number of queues is determinable via the PCI config space
165 * VTCFG_R_QSEL register. Writes to QSEL select the queue: 0 means
166 * queue #0, 1 means queue#1, etc. Once a queue is selected, the
167 * remaining PFN and QNUM registers refer to that queue.
169 * QNUM is a read-only register containing a nonzero power of two
170 * that indicates the (hypervisor's) queue size. Or, if reading it
171 * produces zero, the hypervisor does not have a corresponding
172 * queue. (The number of possible queues depends on the virtual
173 * device. The block device has just one; the network device
174 * provides either two -- 0 = receive, 1 = transmit -- or three,
177 * PFN is a read/write register giving the physical page address of
178 * the virtqueue in guest memory (the guest must allocate enough space
179 * based on the hypervisor's provided QNUM).
181 * QNOTIFY is effectively write-only: when the guest writes a queue
182 * number to the register, the hypervisor should scan the specified
183 * virtqueue. (Reading QNOTIFY currently always gets 0).
187 * PFN register shift amount
192 * Virtio device types
194 * XXX Should really be merged with <dev/virtio/virtio.h> defines
196 #define VIRTIO_TYPE_NET 1
197 #define VIRTIO_TYPE_BLOCK 2
198 #define VIRTIO_TYPE_CONSOLE 3
199 #define VIRTIO_TYPE_ENTROPY 4
200 #define VIRTIO_TYPE_BALLOON 5
201 #define VIRTIO_TYPE_IOMEMORY 6
202 #define VIRTIO_TYPE_RPMSG 7
203 #define VIRTIO_TYPE_SCSI 8
204 #define VIRTIO_TYPE_9P 9
206 /* experimental IDs start at 65535 and work down */
209 * PCI vendor/device IDs
211 #define VIRTIO_VENDOR 0x1AF4
212 #define VIRTIO_DEV_NET 0x1000
213 #define VIRTIO_DEV_BLOCK 0x1001
214 #define VIRTIO_DEV_CONSOLE 0x1003
215 #define VIRTIO_DEV_RANDOM 0x1005
216 #define VIRTIO_DEV_SCSI 0x1008
219 * PCI config space constants.
221 * If MSI-X is enabled, the ISR register is generally not used,
222 * and the configuration vector and queue vector appear at offsets
223 * 20 and 22 with the remaining configuration registers at 24.
224 * If MSI-X is not enabled, those two registers disappear and
225 * the remaining configuration registers start at offset 20.
227 #define VTCFG_R_HOSTCAP 0
228 #define VTCFG_R_GUESTCAP 4
229 #define VTCFG_R_PFN 8
230 #define VTCFG_R_QNUM 12
231 #define VTCFG_R_QSEL 14
232 #define VTCFG_R_QNOTIFY 16
233 #define VTCFG_R_STATUS 18
234 #define VTCFG_R_ISR 19
235 #define VTCFG_R_CFGVEC 20
236 #define VTCFG_R_QVEC 22
237 #define VTCFG_R_CFG0 20 /* No MSI-X */
238 #define VTCFG_R_CFG1 24 /* With MSI-X */
239 #define VTCFG_R_MSIX 20
242 * Bits in VTCFG_R_STATUS. Guests need not actually set any of these,
243 * but a guest writing 0 to this register means "please reset".
245 #define VTCFG_STATUS_ACK 0x01 /* guest OS has acknowledged dev */
246 #define VTCFG_STATUS_DRIVER 0x02 /* guest OS driver is loaded */
247 #define VTCFG_STATUS_DRIVER_OK 0x04 /* guest OS driver ready */
248 #define VTCFG_STATUS_FAILED 0x80 /* guest has given up on this dev */
251 * Bits in VTCFG_R_ISR. These apply only if not using MSI-X.
253 * (We don't [yet?] ever use CONF_CHANGED.)
255 #define VTCFG_ISR_QUEUES 0x01 /* re-scan queues */
256 #define VTCFG_ISR_CONF_CHANGED 0x80 /* configuration changed */
258 #define VIRTIO_MSI_NO_VECTOR 0xFFFF
262 * Note: bits 0 through 23 are reserved to each device type.
264 #define VIRTIO_F_NOTIFY_ON_EMPTY (1 << 24)
265 #define VIRTIO_RING_F_INDIRECT_DESC (1 << 28)
266 #define VIRTIO_RING_F_EVENT_IDX (1 << 29)
268 /* From section 2.3, "Virtqueue Configuration", of the virtio specification */
270 vring_size(u_int qsz)
274 /* constant 3 below = va_flags, va_idx, va_used_event */
275 size = sizeof(struct virtio_desc) * qsz + sizeof(uint16_t) * (3 + qsz);
276 size = roundup2(size, VRING_ALIGN);
278 /* constant 3 below = vu_flags, vu_idx, vu_avail_event */
279 size += sizeof(uint16_t) * 3 + sizeof(struct virtio_used) * qsz;
280 size = roundup2(size, VRING_ALIGN);
290 * A virtual device, with some number (possibly 0) of virtual
291 * queues and some size (possibly 0) of configuration-space
292 * registers private to the device. The virtio_softc should come
293 * at the front of each "derived class", so that a pointer to the
294 * virtio_softc is also a pointer to the more specific, derived-
295 * from-virtio driver's softc.
297 * Note: inside each hypervisor virtio driver, changes to these
298 * data structures must be locked against other threads, if any.
299 * Except for PCI config space register read/write, we assume each
300 * driver does the required locking, but we need a pointer to the
301 * lock (if there is one) for PCI config space read/write ops.
303 * When the guest reads or writes the device's config space, the
304 * generic layer checks for operations on the special registers
305 * described above. If the offset of the register(s) being read
306 * or written is past the CFG area (CFG0 or CFG1), the request is
307 * passed on to the virtual device, after subtracting off the
308 * generic-layer size. (So, drivers can just use the offset as
309 * an offset into "struct config", for instance.)
311 * (The virtio layer also makes sure that the read or write is to/
312 * from a "good" config offset, hence vc_cfgsize, and on BAR #0.
313 * However, the driver must verify the read or write size and offset
314 * and that no one is writing a readonly register.)
316 * The BROKED flag ("this thing done gone and broked") is for future
319 #define VIRTIO_USE_MSIX 0x01
320 #define VIRTIO_EVENT_IDX 0x02 /* use the event-index values */
321 #define VIRTIO_BROKED 0x08 /* ??? */
323 struct virtio_softc {
324 struct virtio_consts *vs_vc; /* constants (see below) */
325 int vs_flags; /* VIRTIO_* flags from above */
326 pthread_mutex_t *vs_mtx; /* POSIX mutex, if any */
327 struct pci_devinst *vs_pi; /* PCI device instance */
328 uint32_t vs_negotiated_caps; /* negotiated capabilities */
329 struct vqueue_info *vs_queues; /* one per vc_nvq */
330 int vs_curq; /* current queue */
331 uint8_t vs_status; /* value from last status write */
332 uint8_t vs_isr; /* ISR flags, if not MSI-X */
333 uint16_t vs_msix_cfg_idx; /* MSI-X vector for config event */
336 #define VS_LOCK(vs) \
339 pthread_mutex_lock(vs->vs_mtx); \
342 #define VS_UNLOCK(vs) \
345 pthread_mutex_unlock(vs->vs_mtx); \
348 struct virtio_consts {
349 const char *vc_name; /* name of driver (for diagnostics) */
350 int vc_nvq; /* number of virtual queues */
351 size_t vc_cfgsize; /* size of dev-specific config regs */
352 void (*vc_reset)(void *); /* called on virtual device reset */
353 void (*vc_qnotify)(void *, struct vqueue_info *);
354 /* called on QNOTIFY if no VQ notify */
355 int (*vc_cfgread)(void *, int, int, uint32_t *);
356 /* called to read config regs */
357 int (*vc_cfgwrite)(void *, int, int, uint32_t);
358 /* called to write config regs */
359 void (*vc_apply_features)(void *, uint64_t);
360 /* called to apply negotiated features */
361 uint64_t vc_hv_caps; /* hypervisor-provided capabilities */
365 * Data structure allocated (statically) per virtual queue.
367 * Drivers may change vq_qsize after a reset. When the guest OS
368 * requests a device reset, the hypervisor first calls
369 * vs->vs_vc->vc_reset(); then the data structure below is
370 * reinitialized (for each virtqueue: vs->vs_vc->vc_nvq).
372 * The remaining fields should only be fussed-with by the generic
375 * Note: the addresses of vq_desc, vq_avail, and vq_used are all
376 * computable from each other, but it's a lot simpler if we just
377 * keep a pointer to each one. The event indices are similarly
378 * (but more easily) computable, and this time we'll compute them:
379 * they're just XX_ring[N].
381 #define VQ_ALLOC 0x01 /* set once we have a pfn */
382 #define VQ_BROKED 0x02 /* ??? */
384 uint16_t vq_qsize; /* size of this queue (a power of 2) */
385 void (*vq_notify)(void *, struct vqueue_info *);
386 /* called instead of vc_notify, if not NULL */
388 struct virtio_softc *vq_vs; /* backpointer to softc */
389 uint16_t vq_num; /* we're the num'th queue in the softc */
391 uint16_t vq_flags; /* flags (see above) */
392 uint16_t vq_last_avail; /* a recent value of vq_avail->va_idx */
393 uint16_t vq_save_used; /* saved vq_used->vu_idx; see vq_endchains */
394 uint16_t vq_msix_idx; /* MSI-X index, or VIRTIO_MSI_NO_VECTOR */
396 uint32_t vq_pfn; /* PFN of virt queue (not shifted!) */
398 volatile struct virtio_desc *vq_desc; /* descriptor array */
399 volatile struct vring_avail *vq_avail; /* the "avail" ring */
400 volatile struct vring_used *vq_used; /* the "used" ring */
403 /* as noted above, these are sort of backwards, name-wise */
404 #define VQ_AVAIL_EVENT_IDX(vq) \
405 (*(volatile uint16_t *)&(vq)->vq_used->vu_ring[(vq)->vq_qsize])
406 #define VQ_USED_EVENT_IDX(vq) \
407 ((vq)->vq_avail->va_ring[(vq)->vq_qsize])
410 * Is this ring ready for I/O?
413 vq_ring_ready(struct vqueue_info *vq)
416 return (vq->vq_flags & VQ_ALLOC);
420 * Are there "available" descriptors? (This does not count
421 * how many, just returns True if there are some.)
424 vq_has_descs(struct vqueue_info *vq)
427 return (vq_ring_ready(vq) && vq->vq_last_avail !=
428 vq->vq_avail->va_idx);
432 * Deliver an interrupt to guest on the given virtual queue
433 * (if possible, or a generic MSI interrupt if not using MSI-X).
436 vq_interrupt(struct virtio_softc *vs, struct vqueue_info *vq)
439 if (pci_msix_enabled(vs->vs_pi))
440 pci_generate_msix(vs->vs_pi, vq->vq_msix_idx);
443 vs->vs_isr |= VTCFG_ISR_QUEUES;
444 pci_generate_msi(vs->vs_pi, 0);
445 pci_lintr_assert(vs->vs_pi);
451 void vi_softc_linkup(struct virtio_softc *vs, struct virtio_consts *vc,
452 void *dev_softc, struct pci_devinst *pi,
453 struct vqueue_info *queues);
454 int vi_intr_init(struct virtio_softc *vs, int barnum, int use_msix);
455 void vi_reset_dev(struct virtio_softc *);
456 void vi_set_io_bar(struct virtio_softc *, int);
458 int vq_getchain(struct vqueue_info *vq, uint16_t *pidx,
459 struct iovec *iov, int n_iov, uint16_t *flags);
460 void vq_retchain(struct vqueue_info *vq);
461 void vq_relchain(struct vqueue_info *vq, uint16_t idx, uint32_t iolen);
462 void vq_endchains(struct vqueue_info *vq, int used_all_avail);
464 uint64_t vi_pci_read(struct vmctx *ctx, int vcpu, struct pci_devinst *pi,
465 int baridx, uint64_t offset, int size);
466 void vi_pci_write(struct vmctx *ctx, int vcpu, struct pci_devinst *pi,
467 int baridx, uint64_t offset, int size, uint64_t value);
468 #endif /* _VIRTIO_H_ */