2 .\" Copyright (c) 2011-2013 Nathan Whitehorn <nwhitehorn@FreeBSD.org> All rights reserved.
3 .\" Copyright (c) 2018 Roberto Fernandez Cueto <roberfern@gmail.com>
5 .\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
6 .\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
8 .\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
9 .\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
10 .\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
11 .\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
12 .\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
14 .\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
15 .\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
16 .\" WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
17 .\" DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT,
18 .\" INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
19 .\" (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
20 .\" SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
21 .\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT,
22 .\" STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN
23 .\" ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
24 .\" POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
41 is used for installation of new systems, both for system setup from
42 installation media, e.g., CD-ROMs, and for use on live systems to prepare
47 takes a target and possible parameters of the target as arguments.
48 If invoked with no arguments, it will invoke the
50 target, which provides a standard interactive installation, invoking the
52 To perform a scripted installation,
53 these subtargets can be invoked separately by an installation script.
56 supports the following options, global to all targets:
57 .Bl -tag -width indent+
59 Provide a path for the installation log file
60 .Pq overrides Ev BSDINSTALL_LOG .
62 .Sx ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
63 for more information on
67 Most of the following targets are only useful for scripting the installer.
68 For interactive use, most users will be interested only in the
74 .Bl -tag -width ".Cm jail Ar destination"
76 Run the standard interactive installation, including disk partitioning.
77 .It Cm jail Ar destination
78 Sets up a new chroot system at
82 Behavior is generally similar to
84 except that disk partitioning and network setup are skipped and a kernel is
85 not installed into the new system.
86 .It Cm script Ar script
87 Runs the installation script at
91 for more information on this target.
93 If the current controlling TTY is a
97 console, asks the user to set the current keymap, and saves the result to the
101 Prompts the user for a host name for the new system and saves the result to the
105 .Ev BSDINSTALL_CONFIGCURRENT
106 is set, also sets the host name of the current system.
108 Interactively configures network interfaces (first invoking
110 on wireless interfaces), saving the result to the new system's
115 .Ev BSDINSTALL_CONFIGCURRENT
116 is set, also configures the network interfaces of the current system to match.
118 Provides the installer's interactive guided disk partitioner for single-disk
122 Provides a ZFS-only automatic interactive disk partitioner.
125 with separate datasets for
133 Optionally can set up
137 Provides the installer's interactive manual disk partitioner with an interface
140 Supports multiple disks as well as UFS, ZFS, and FAT file systems.
141 ZFS is set up with one pool and dataset per partition.
142 .It Cm scriptedpart Ar parameters
147 but non-interactively according to the disk setup specified in
149 Each disk setup is specified by a three-part argument:
155 Multiple disk setups are separated by semicolons.
158 argument specifies the disk on which to operate (which will be erased),
161 argument specifies the
163 partition scheme to apply to the disk.
168 will apply the default bootable scheme on your platform.
171 argument is also optional and specifies how to partition
173 It consists of a comma-separated list of partitions to create enclosed in
175 Each partition declaration takes the form
182 specifies the partition size to create in bytes (K, M, and G suffixes
183 can be appended to specify kilobytes, megabytes, and gigabytes respectively),
186 keyword causes the partition to take all the remaining space on the disk.
191 filesystem type, e.g., freebsd-ufs, freebsd-zfs, or freebsd-swap.
194 argument sets where the created partition is to be mounted in the installed
196 As an example, a typical invocation looks like:
198 bsdinstall scriptedpart ada0 { 20G freebsd-ufs /, 4G freebsd-swap, 20G freebsd-ufs /var, auto freebsd-ufs /usr }
200 A shorter invocation to use the default partitioning (as
202 would have used) on the same disk:
204 bsdinstall scriptedpart ada0
206 Mounts the file systems previously configured by
212 .Ev BSDINSTALL_CHROOT .
214 Fetches the distributions in
217 .Ev BSDINSTALL_DISTDIR
219 .Ev BSDINSTALL_DISTSITE .
221 Verifies the checksums of the distributions listed in
223 against the distribution manifest.
225 Extracts the distributions listed in
228 .Ev BSDINSTALL_CHROOT .
230 Interactively invokes
232 in the new system to set the root user's password.
234 Interactively invokes
238 Interactively sets the time, date, and time zone of the new system.
240 Queries the user for the system daemons to begin at system startup,
241 writing the result into the new system's
244 Reads a small amount of data from
246 and stores it in a file in the new system's root directory.
248 Installs the configuration files destined for the new system, e.g.,
250 fragments generated by
252 etc.) onto the new system.
254 .Sh ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
255 The following environment variables control various aspects of the installation
257 Many are used internally during installation and have reasonable default values
258 for most installation scenarios.
259 Others are set by various interactive user prompts, and can be usefully
260 overridden when making scripted or customized installers.
261 .Bl -tag -width ".Ev BSDINSTALL_DISTSITE"
263 The directory to use for temporary files.
267 The set of distributions to install, e.g., "base.txz kernel.txz ports.txz".
269 .It Ev BSDINSTALL_DISTDIR
270 The directory in which the distribution files can be found (or to which they
271 should be downloaded).
273 .Dq Pa /usr/freebsd-dist
274 .It Ev BSDINSTALL_DISTSITE
275 URL from which the distribution files should be downloaded if they are not
276 already present in the directory defined by
277 .Ev BSDINSTALL_DISTDIR .
278 This should be a full path to the files, including architecture and release
286 mirror will skip that step if this variable is already defined in the
289 .Pa ftp://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/releases/powerpc/powerpc64/9.1-RELEASE
290 .It Ev BSDINSTALL_CHROOT
291 The directory into which the distribution files should be unpacked and the
292 directory at which the root file system of the new system should be mounted.
295 .It Ev BSDINSTALL_LOG
296 Path to a log file for the installation.
298 .Dq Pa $TMPDIR/bsdinstall_log
299 .It Ev BSDINSTALL_TMPETC
300 Directory where files destined for the new system's
302 will be stored until the
305 If this directory does not already exist, it will be created.
307 .Dq Pa $TMPDIR/bsdinstall_etc
308 .It Ev BSDINSTALL_TMPBOOT
309 Directory where files destined for the new system's
311 will be stored until the
314 If this directory does not already exist, it will be created.
316 .Dq Pa $TMPDIR/bsdinstall_boot
317 .It Ev ZFSBOOT_POOL_NAME
318 Name for the pool containing the base system.
321 .It Ev ZFSBOOT_POOL_CREATE_OPTIONS
322 Options to be used when creating the base system's pool.
323 Each option must be followed by the -O flag to be taken into consideration
324 or the pool will not be created due to errors using the command
327 .Dq Li "-O compress=lz4 -O atime=off"
328 .It Ev ZFSBOOT_BEROOT_NAME
329 Name for the boot environment parent dataset.
330 This is a non-mountable dataset meant to be a parent dataset where different
331 boot environment are going to be created.
334 .It Ev ZFSBOOT_BOOTFS_NAME
335 Name for the primary boot environment, which will be the default boot
336 environment for the system.
339 .It Ev ZFSBOOT_VDEV_TYPE
340 The type of pool to be created for the base system.
341 This variable can take one of this values: stripe (No redundacy),
342 mirror (n-Way mirroring), raid10 (RAID 1+0 - n x 2-Way Mirrors),
343 raidz1 (RAID-Z1 - Single Redundancy RAID), raidz2 (RAID-Z2 - Double Redundancy RAID)
344 or raidz3 (RAID-Z3 Triple Redundancy RAID).
347 .It Ev ZFSBOOT_FORCE_4K_SECTORS
348 Indicates either the pool will use 4K or 512 sectors.
349 If this variable is not empty, 4K sectors will be used.
352 .It Ev ZFSBOOT_GELI_ENCRYPTION
353 If this variable is not empty, it will use
355 to encrypt the root pool, enabling automatically the
356 .Ev ZFSBOOT_BOOT_POOL
360 .It Ev ZFSBOOT_GELI_KEY_FILE
363 keyfile used to encrypt the pool where the base system is stored.
365 .Dq Pa /boot/encryption.key
366 .It Ev ZFSBOOT_BOOT_POOL
367 If set a separated boot pool will be created for the kernel of the
371 .It Ev ZFSBOOT_BOOT_POOL_CREATE_OPTIONS
372 Options to use when creating the boot pool, when enabled (See
373 .Ev ZFSBOOT_BOOT_POOL ).
375 .It Ev ZFSBOOT_BOOT_POOL_NAME
376 Name for the optional boot pool when it is enabled, (See
377 .Ev ZFSBOOT_BOOT_POOL ).
380 .It Ev ZFSBOOT_BOOT_POOL_SIZE
381 Size of the boot pool when it is enabled (See
382 .Ev ZFSBOOT_BOOT_POOL ).
386 Disks to be used for the base system, including the boot pool.
387 This variable must only be used on a scripted installation.
390 for more information.
392 .It Ev ZFSBOOT_SWAP_SIZE
393 Size of the swap partition on each block device.
394 This variable will be passed to
396 which supports SI unit suffixes.
399 .It Ev ZFSBOOT_SWAP_ENCRYPTION
400 If set, enables the encryption of the swap partition using
403 .It Ev ZFSBOOT_SWAP_MIRROR
404 If set, enables a swap mirroring using
408 .It Ev ZFSBOOT_DATASETS
409 ZFS datasets to be created on the root zpool, it requires the
413 .Pa /$ZFSBOOT_BEROOT_NAME/$ZFSBOOT_BOOTFS_NAME .
416 for more information about who to write this variable and to
417 take a look into the default value of it.
418 .It Ev ZFSBOOT_CONFIRM_LAYOUT
419 If set and the installation is interactive, allow the user to confirm
420 the layout before continuing with the installation.
426 scripts consist of two parts: a
430 The preamble sets up the options for the installation (how to partition the
431 disk[s], which distributions to install, etc.) and the optional second part is
432 a shell script run under
434 in the newly installed system before
437 The two parts are separated by the usual script header (#!), which also sets
438 the interpreter for the setup script.
440 A typical bsdinstall script looks like this:
441 .Bd -literal -offset indent
443 DISTRIBUTIONS="kernel.txz base.txz"
446 sysrc ifconfig_em0=DHCP
447 sysrc sshd_enable=YES
451 For a ZFS scripted installation, the script looks like this:
452 .Bd -literal -offset indent
453 DISTRIBUTIONS="kernel.txz base.txz"
454 export ZFSBOOT_VDEV_TYPE=stripe
455 export ZFSBOOT_DISKS=ada0
456 export nonInteractive="YES"
459 echo "ifconfig_em0=DHCP" >> /etc/rc.conf
460 echo "sshd_enable=YES" >> /etc/rc.conf
466 release media, such a script placed at
467 .Pa /etc/installerconfig
468 will be run at boot time and the system will be rebooted automatically after
469 the installation has completed.
470 This can be used for unattended network installation of new systems; see
474 The preamble consists of installer settings.
475 These control global installation parameters (see
476 .Sx ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES )
477 as well as disk partitioning.
478 The preamble is interpreted as a
480 script run at the very beginning of the install.
481 If more complicated behavior than setting these variables is desired,
482 arbitrary commands can be run here to extend the installer.
483 In addition to the variables in
484 .Sx ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES ,
487 the preamble can contain a variable
489 which is passed to the
491 target to control disk setup.
497 the preamble can contain the variable
501 and setting the variables
504 .Ev ZFSBOOT_VDEV_TYPE
505 to create the pool of disks for the base system.
506 Usually, for a mirrored booting disk, this two variables looks like this:
507 .Bd -literal -offset indent
508 ZFSBOOT_DISKS="ada0 ada1"
509 ZFSBOOT_VDEV_TYPE=mirror
512 Remember to export all the variables for the
514 command, otherwise it will not get set.
516 Following the preamble is an optional shell script, beginning with a #!
518 This script will be run at the end of the installation process inside a
520 environment in the newly installed system and can be used to set up
521 configuration files, install packages, etc.
522 Note that newly configured system services, e.g., networking have not
523 been started in the installed system at this time and only installation
524 host services are available.
528 partitioning takes the
530 variable to create the datasets on the base system.
531 This variable can get pretty huge if the pool contains a lot of datasets.
532 The default value of the
535 .Bd -literal -offset indent
536 # DATASET OPTIONS (comma or space separated; or both)
538 # Boot Environment [BE] root and default boot dataset
539 /$ZFSBOOT_BEROOT_NAME mountpoint=none
540 /$ZFSBOOT_BEROOT_NAME/$ZFSBOOT_BOOTFS_NAME mountpoint=/
542 # Compress /tmp, allow exec but not setuid
543 /tmp mountpoint=/tmp,exec=on,setuid=off
545 # Do not mount /usr so that 'base' files go to the BEROOT
546 /usr mountpoint=/usr,canmount=off
548 # Home directories separated so they are common to all BEs
549 /usr/home # NB: /home is a symlink to /usr/home
552 /usr/ports setuid=off
554 # Source tree (compressed)
557 # Create /var and friends
558 /var mountpoint=/var,canmount=off
559 /var/audit exec=off,setuid=off
560 /var/crash exec=off,setuid=off
561 /var/log exec=off,setuid=off
566 The first column if the dataset to be created on the top of the
567 .Ev ZFSBOOT_POOL_NAME
568 and the rest of the columns are the options to be set on each dataset.
569 The options must be written on a coma or space separated list, or both.
570 And everything behind a pound/hash character is ignored as a comment.
577 .An Nathan Whitehorn Aq Mt nwhitehorn@FreeBSD.org