usr.sbin/makefs/ffs/mkfs.c

   1 /*      $NetBSD: mkfs.c,v 1.22 2011/10/09 22:30:13 christos Exp $       */
   2
   3 /*-
   4  * SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
   5  *
   6  * Copyright (c) 2002 Networks Associates Technology, Inc.
   7  * All rights reserved.
   8  *
   9  * This software was developed for the FreeBSD Project by Marshall
  10  * Kirk McKusick and Network Associates Laboratories, the Security
  11  * Research Division of Network Associates, Inc. under DARPA/SPAWAR
  12  * contract N66001-01-C-8035 ("CBOSS"), as part of the DARPA CHATS
  13  * research program
  14  *
  15  * Copyright (c) 1980, 1989, 1993
  16  *      The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
  17  *
  18  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
  19  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
  20  * are met:
  21  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
  22  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
  23  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
  24  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
  25  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
  26  * 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
  27  *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
  28  *    without specific prior written permission.
  29  *
  30  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
  31  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
  32  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
  33  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
  34  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
  35  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
  36  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
  37  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
  38  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
  39  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
  40  * SUCH DAMAGE.
  41  */
  42
  43 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
  44 __FBSDID("$FreeBSD$");
  45
  46 #include <sys/param.h>
  47 #include <sys/time.h>
  48 #include <sys/resource.h>
  49
  50 #include <stdio.h>
  51 #include <stdlib.h>
  52 #include <string.h>
  53 #include <unistd.h>
  54 #include <errno.h>
  55 #include <util.h>
  56
  57 #include "makefs.h"
  58 #include "ffs.h"
  59
  60 #include <ufs/ufs/dinode.h>
  61 #include <ufs/ffs/fs.h>
  62
  63 #include "ffs/ufs_bswap.h"
  64 #include "ffs/ufs_inode.h"
  65 #include "ffs/ffs_extern.h"
  66 #include "ffs/newfs_extern.h"
  67
  68 #ifndef BBSIZE
  69 #define BBSIZE  8192                    /* size of boot area, with label */
  70 #endif
  71
  72 static void initcg(uint32_t, time_t, const fsinfo_t *);
  73 static int ilog2(int);
  74
  75 static int count_digits(int);
  76
  77 /*
  78  * make file system for cylinder-group style file systems
  79  */
  80 #define UMASK           0755
  81 #define POWEROF2(num)   (((num) & ((num) - 1)) == 0)
  82
  83 static union {
  84         struct fs fs;
  85         char pad[SBLOCKSIZE];
  86 } fsun;
  87 #define sblock  fsun.fs
  88
  89 static union {
  90         struct cg cg;
  91         char pad[FFS_MAXBSIZE];
  92 } cgun;
  93 #define acg     cgun.cg
  94
  95 static char *iobuf;
  96 static int iobufsize;
  97
  98 static char writebuf[FFS_MAXBSIZE];
  99
 100 static int     Oflag;      /* format as an 4.3BSD file system */
 101 static int64_t fssize;     /* file system size */
 102 static int     sectorsize;         /* bytes/sector */
 103 static int     fsize;      /* fragment size */
 104 static int     bsize;      /* block size */
 105 static int     maxbsize;   /* maximum clustering */
 106 static int     maxblkspercg;
 107 static int     minfree;    /* free space threshold */
 108 static int     opt;                /* optimization preference (space or time) */
 109 static int     density;    /* number of bytes per inode */
 110 static int     maxcontig;          /* max contiguous blocks to allocate */
 111 static int     maxbpg;     /* maximum blocks per file in a cyl group */
 112 static int     bbsize;     /* boot block size */
 113 static int     sbsize;     /* superblock size */
 114 static int     avgfilesize;        /* expected average file size */
 115 static int     avgfpdir;           /* expected number of files per directory */
 116
 117 struct fs *
 118 ffs_mkfs(const char *fsys, const fsinfo_t *fsopts, time_t tstamp)
 119 {
 120         int fragsperinode, optimalfpg, origdensity, minfpg, lastminfpg;
 121         int32_t csfrags;
 122         uint32_t i, cylno;
 123         long long sizepb;
 124         void *space;
 125         int size;
 126         int nprintcols, printcolwidth;
 127         ffs_opt_t       *ffs_opts = fsopts->fs_specific;
 128
 129         Oflag =         ffs_opts->version;
 130         fssize =        fsopts->size / fsopts->sectorsize;
 131         sectorsize =    fsopts->sectorsize;
 132         fsize =         ffs_opts->fsize;
 133         bsize =         ffs_opts->bsize;
 134         maxbsize =      ffs_opts->maxbsize;
 135         maxblkspercg =  ffs_opts->maxblkspercg;
 136         minfree =       ffs_opts->minfree;
 137         opt =           ffs_opts->optimization;
 138         density =       ffs_opts->density;
 139         maxcontig =     ffs_opts->maxcontig;
 140         maxbpg =        ffs_opts->maxbpg;
 141         avgfilesize =   ffs_opts->avgfilesize;
 142         avgfpdir =      ffs_opts->avgfpdir;
 143         bbsize =        BBSIZE;
 144         sbsize =        SBLOCKSIZE;
 145
 146         strlcpy(sblock.fs_volname, ffs_opts->label, sizeof(sblock.fs_volname));
 147
 148         if (Oflag == 0) {
 149                 sblock.fs_old_inodefmt = FS_42INODEFMT;
 150                 sblock.fs_maxsymlinklen = 0;
 151                 sblock.fs_old_flags = 0;
 152         } else {
 153                 sblock.fs_old_inodefmt = FS_44INODEFMT;
 154                 sblock.fs_maxsymlinklen = (Oflag == 1 ? UFS1_MAXSYMLINKLEN :
 155                     UFS2_MAXSYMLINKLEN);
 156                 sblock.fs_old_flags = FS_FLAGS_UPDATED;
 157                 sblock.fs_flags = 0;
 158         }
 159         /*
 160          * Validate the given file system size.
 161          * Verify that its last block can actually be accessed.
 162          * Convert to file system fragment sized units.
 163          */
 164         if (fssize <= 0) {
 165                 printf("preposterous size %lld\n", (long long)fssize);
 166                 exit(13);
 167         }
 168         ffs_wtfs(fssize - 1, sectorsize, (char *)&sblock, fsopts);
 169
 170         /*
 171          * collect and verify the filesystem density info
 172          */
 173         sblock.fs_avgfilesize = avgfilesize;
 174         sblock.fs_avgfpdir = avgfpdir;
 175         if (sblock.fs_avgfilesize <= 0)
 176                 printf("illegal expected average file size %d\n",
 177                     sblock.fs_avgfilesize), exit(14);
 178         if (sblock.fs_avgfpdir <= 0)
 179                 printf("illegal expected number of files per directory %d\n",
 180                     sblock.fs_avgfpdir), exit(15);
 181         /*
 182          * collect and verify the block and fragment sizes
 183          */
 184         sblock.fs_bsize = bsize;
 185         sblock.fs_fsize = fsize;
 186         if (!POWEROF2(sblock.fs_bsize)) {
 187                 printf("block size must be a power of 2, not %d\n",
 188                     sblock.fs_bsize);
 189                 exit(16);
 190         }
 191         if (!POWEROF2(sblock.fs_fsize)) {
 192                 printf("fragment size must be a power of 2, not %d\n",
 193                     sblock.fs_fsize);
 194                 exit(17);
 195         }
 196         if (sblock.fs_fsize < sectorsize) {
 197                 printf("fragment size %d is too small, minimum is %d\n",
 198                     sblock.fs_fsize, sectorsize);
 199                 exit(18);
 200         }
 201         if (sblock.fs_bsize < MINBSIZE) {
 202                 printf("block size %d is too small, minimum is %d\n",
 203                     sblock.fs_bsize, MINBSIZE);
 204                 exit(19);
 205         }
 206         if (sblock.fs_bsize > FFS_MAXBSIZE) {
 207                 printf("block size %d is too large, maximum is %d\n",
 208                     sblock.fs_bsize, FFS_MAXBSIZE);
 209                 exit(19);
 210         }
 211         if (sblock.fs_bsize < sblock.fs_fsize) {
 212                 printf("block size (%d) cannot be smaller than fragment size (%d)\n",
 213                     sblock.fs_bsize, sblock.fs_fsize);
 214                 exit(20);
 215         }
 216
 217         if (maxbsize < bsize || !POWEROF2(maxbsize)) {
 218                 sblock.fs_maxbsize = sblock.fs_bsize;
 219                 printf("Extent size set to %d\n", sblock.fs_maxbsize);
 220         } else if (sblock.fs_maxbsize > FS_MAXCONTIG * sblock.fs_bsize) {
 221                 sblock.fs_maxbsize = FS_MAXCONTIG * sblock.fs_bsize;
 222                 printf("Extent size reduced to %d\n", sblock.fs_maxbsize);
 223         } else {
 224                 sblock.fs_maxbsize = maxbsize;
 225         }
 226         sblock.fs_maxcontig = maxcontig;
 227         if (sblock.fs_maxcontig < sblock.fs_maxbsize / sblock.fs_bsize) {
 228                 sblock.fs_maxcontig = sblock.fs_maxbsize / sblock.fs_bsize;
 229                 printf("Maxcontig raised to %d\n", sblock.fs_maxbsize);
 230         }
 231
 232         if (sblock.fs_maxcontig > 1)
 233                 sblock.fs_contigsumsize = MIN(sblock.fs_maxcontig,FS_MAXCONTIG);
 234
 235         sblock.fs_bmask = ~(sblock.fs_bsize - 1);
 236         sblock.fs_fmask = ~(sblock.fs_fsize - 1);
 237         sblock.fs_qbmask = ~sblock.fs_bmask;
 238         sblock.fs_qfmask = ~sblock.fs_fmask;
 239         for (sblock.fs_bshift = 0, i = sblock.fs_bsize; i > 1; i >>= 1)
 240                 sblock.fs_bshift++;
 241         for (sblock.fs_fshift = 0, i = sblock.fs_fsize; i > 1; i >>= 1)
 242                 sblock.fs_fshift++;
 243         sblock.fs_frag = numfrags(&sblock, sblock.fs_bsize);
 244         for (sblock.fs_fragshift = 0, i = sblock.fs_frag; i > 1; i >>= 1)
 245                 sblock.fs_fragshift++;
 246         if (sblock.fs_frag > MAXFRAG) {
 247                 printf("fragment size %d is too small, "
 248                         "minimum with block size %d is %d\n",
 249                     sblock.fs_fsize, sblock.fs_bsize,
 250                     sblock.fs_bsize / MAXFRAG);
 251                 exit(21);
 252         }
 253         sblock.fs_fsbtodb = ilog2(sblock.fs_fsize / sectorsize);
 254         sblock.fs_size = sblock.fs_providersize = fssize =
 255             dbtofsb(&sblock, fssize);
 256
 257         if (Oflag <= 1) {
 258                 sblock.fs_magic = FS_UFS1_MAGIC;
 259                 sblock.fs_sblockloc = SBLOCK_UFS1;
 260                 sblock.fs_nindir = sblock.fs_bsize / sizeof(ufs1_daddr_t);
 261                 sblock.fs_inopb = sblock.fs_bsize / sizeof(struct ufs1_dinode);
 262                 sblock.fs_maxsymlinklen = ((UFS_NDADDR + UFS_NIADDR) *
 263                     sizeof (ufs1_daddr_t));
 264                 sblock.fs_old_inodefmt = FS_44INODEFMT;
 265                 sblock.fs_old_cgoffset = 0;
 266                 sblock.fs_old_cgmask = 0xffffffff;
 267                 sblock.fs_old_size = sblock.fs_size;
 268                 sblock.fs_old_rotdelay = 0;
 269                 sblock.fs_old_rps = 60;
 270                 sblock.fs_old_nspf = sblock.fs_fsize / sectorsize;
 271                 sblock.fs_old_cpg = 1;
 272                 sblock.fs_old_interleave = 1;
 273                 sblock.fs_old_trackskew = 0;
 274                 sblock.fs_old_cpc = 0;
 275                 sblock.fs_old_postblformat = 1;
 276                 sblock.fs_old_nrpos = 1;
 277         } else {
 278                 sblock.fs_magic = FS_UFS2_MAGIC;
 279                 sblock.fs_sblockloc = SBLOCK_UFS2;
 280                 sblock.fs_nindir = sblock.fs_bsize / sizeof(ufs2_daddr_t);
 281                 sblock.fs_inopb = sblock.fs_bsize / sizeof(struct ufs2_dinode);
 282                 sblock.fs_maxsymlinklen = ((UFS_NDADDR + UFS_NIADDR) *
 283                     sizeof (ufs2_daddr_t));
 284                 if (ffs_opts->softupdates == 1)
 285                         sblock.fs_flags |= FS_DOSOFTDEP;
 286         }
 287
 288         sblock.fs_sblkno =
 289             roundup(howmany(sblock.fs_sblockloc + SBLOCKSIZE, sblock.fs_fsize),
 290                 sblock.fs_frag);
 291         sblock.fs_cblkno = (daddr_t)(sblock.fs_sblkno +
 292             roundup(howmany(SBLOCKSIZE, sblock.fs_fsize), sblock.fs_frag));
 293         sblock.fs_iblkno = sblock.fs_cblkno + sblock.fs_frag;
 294         sblock.fs_maxfilesize = sblock.fs_bsize * UFS_NDADDR - 1;
 295         for (sizepb = sblock.fs_bsize, i = 0; i < UFS_NIADDR; i++) {
 296                 sizepb *= NINDIR(&sblock);
 297                 sblock.fs_maxfilesize += sizepb;
 298         }
 299
 300         /*
 301          * Calculate the number of blocks to put into each cylinder group.
 302          *
 303          * This algorithm selects the number of blocks per cylinder
 304          * group. The first goal is to have at least enough data blocks
 305          * in each cylinder group to meet the density requirement. Once
 306          * this goal is achieved we try to expand to have at least
 307          * 1 cylinder group. Once this goal is achieved, we pack as
 308          * many blocks into each cylinder group map as will fit.
 309          *
 310          * We start by calculating the smallest number of blocks that we
 311          * can put into each cylinder group. If this is too big, we reduce
 312          * the density until it fits.
 313          */
 314         origdensity = density;
 315         for (;;) {
 316                 fragsperinode = MAX(numfrags(&sblock, density), 1);
 317                 minfpg = fragsperinode * INOPB(&sblock);
 318                 if (minfpg > sblock.fs_size)
 319                         minfpg = sblock.fs_size;
 320                 sblock.fs_ipg = INOPB(&sblock);
 321                 sblock.fs_fpg = roundup(sblock.fs_iblkno +
 322                     sblock.fs_ipg / INOPF(&sblock), sblock.fs_frag);
 323                 if (sblock.fs_fpg < minfpg)
 324                         sblock.fs_fpg = minfpg;
 325                 sblock.fs_ipg = roundup(howmany(sblock.fs_fpg, fragsperinode),
 326                     INOPB(&sblock));
 327                 sblock.fs_fpg = roundup(sblock.fs_iblkno +
 328                     sblock.fs_ipg / INOPF(&sblock), sblock.fs_frag);
 329                 if (sblock.fs_fpg < minfpg)
 330                         sblock.fs_fpg = minfpg;
 331                 sblock.fs_ipg = roundup(howmany(sblock.fs_fpg, fragsperinode),
 332                     INOPB(&sblock));
 333                 if (CGSIZE(&sblock) < (unsigned long)sblock.fs_bsize)
 334                         break;
 335                 density -= sblock.fs_fsize;
 336         }
 337         if (density != origdensity)
 338                 printf("density reduced from %d to %d\n", origdensity, density);
 339
 340         if (maxblkspercg <= 0 || maxblkspercg >= fssize)
 341                 maxblkspercg = fssize - 1;
 342         /*
 343          * Start packing more blocks into the cylinder group until
 344          * it cannot grow any larger, the number of cylinder groups
 345          * drops below 1, or we reach the size requested.
 346          */
 347         for ( ; sblock.fs_fpg < maxblkspercg; sblock.fs_fpg += sblock.fs_frag) {
 348                 sblock.fs_ipg = roundup(howmany(sblock.fs_fpg, fragsperinode),
 349                     INOPB(&sblock));
 350                 if (sblock.fs_size / sblock.fs_fpg < 1)
 351                         break;
 352                 if (CGSIZE(&sblock) < (unsigned long)sblock.fs_bsize)
 353                         continue;
 354                 if (CGSIZE(&sblock) == (unsigned long)sblock.fs_bsize)
 355                         break;
 356                 sblock.fs_fpg -= sblock.fs_frag;
 357                 sblock.fs_ipg = roundup(howmany(sblock.fs_fpg, fragsperinode),
 358                     INOPB(&sblock));
 359                 break;
 360         }
 361         /*
 362          * Check to be sure that the last cylinder group has enough blocks
 363          * to be viable. If it is too small, reduce the number of blocks
 364          * per cylinder group which will have the effect of moving more
 365          * blocks into the last cylinder group.
 366          */
 367         optimalfpg = sblock.fs_fpg;
 368         for (;;) {
 369                 sblock.fs_ncg = howmany(sblock.fs_size, sblock.fs_fpg);
 370                 lastminfpg = roundup(sblock.fs_iblkno +
 371                     sblock.fs_ipg / INOPF(&sblock), sblock.fs_frag);
 372                 if (sblock.fs_size < lastminfpg) {
 373                         printf("Filesystem size %lld < minimum size of %d\n",
 374                             (long long)sblock.fs_size, lastminfpg);
 375                         exit(28);
 376                 }
 377                 if (sblock.fs_size % sblock.fs_fpg >= lastminfpg ||
 378                     sblock.fs_size % sblock.fs_fpg == 0)
 379                         break;
 380                 sblock.fs_fpg -= sblock.fs_frag;
 381                 sblock.fs_ipg = roundup(howmany(sblock.fs_fpg, fragsperinode),
 382                     INOPB(&sblock));
 383         }
 384         if (optimalfpg != sblock.fs_fpg)
 385                 printf("Reduced frags per cylinder group from %d to %d %s\n",
 386                    optimalfpg, sblock.fs_fpg, "to enlarge last cyl group");
 387         sblock.fs_cgsize = fragroundup(&sblock, CGSIZE(&sblock));
 388         sblock.fs_dblkno = sblock.fs_iblkno + sblock.fs_ipg / INOPF(&sblock);
 389         if (Oflag <= 1) {
 390                 sblock.fs_old_spc = sblock.fs_fpg * sblock.fs_old_nspf;
 391                 sblock.fs_old_nsect = sblock.fs_old_spc;
 392                 sblock.fs_old_npsect = sblock.fs_old_spc;
 393                 sblock.fs_old_ncyl = sblock.fs_ncg;
 394         }
 395
 396         /*
 397          * fill in remaining fields of the super block
 398          */
 399         sblock.fs_csaddr = cgdmin(&sblock, 0);
 400         sblock.fs_cssize =
 401             fragroundup(&sblock, sblock.fs_ncg * sizeof(struct csum));
 402
 403         /*
 404          * Setup memory for temporary in-core cylgroup summaries.
 405          * Cribbed from ffs_mountfs().
 406          */
 407         size = sblock.fs_cssize;
 408         if (sblock.fs_contigsumsize > 0)
 409                 size += sblock.fs_ncg * sizeof(int32_t);
 410         space = ecalloc(1, size);
 411         sblock.fs_csp = space;
 412         space = (char *)space + sblock.fs_cssize;
 413         if (sblock.fs_contigsumsize > 0) {
 414                 int32_t *lp;
 415
 416                 sblock.fs_maxcluster = lp = space;
 417                 for (i = 0; i < sblock.fs_ncg; i++)
 418                 *lp++ = sblock.fs_contigsumsize;
 419         }
 420
 421         sblock.fs_sbsize = fragroundup(&sblock, sizeof(struct fs));
 422         if (sblock.fs_sbsize > SBLOCKSIZE)
 423                 sblock.fs_sbsize = SBLOCKSIZE;
 424         sblock.fs_minfree = minfree;
 425         sblock.fs_maxcontig = maxcontig;
 426         sblock.fs_maxbpg = maxbpg;
 427         sblock.fs_optim = opt;
 428         sblock.fs_cgrotor = 0;
 429         sblock.fs_pendingblocks = 0;
 430         sblock.fs_pendinginodes = 0;
 431         sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_ndir = 0;
 432         sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_nbfree = 0;
 433         sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_nifree = 0;
 434         sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_nffree = 0;
 435         sblock.fs_fmod = 0;
 436         sblock.fs_ronly = 0;
 437         sblock.fs_state = 0;
 438         sblock.fs_clean = FS_ISCLEAN;
 439         sblock.fs_ronly = 0;
 440         sblock.fs_id[0] = tstamp;
 441         sblock.fs_id[1] = random();
 442         sblock.fs_fsmnt[0] = '\0';
 443         csfrags = howmany(sblock.fs_cssize, sblock.fs_fsize);
 444         sblock.fs_dsize = sblock.fs_size - sblock.fs_sblkno -
 445             sblock.fs_ncg * (sblock.fs_dblkno - sblock.fs_sblkno);
 446         sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_nbfree =
 447             fragstoblks(&sblock, sblock.fs_dsize) -
 448             howmany(csfrags, sblock.fs_frag);
 449         sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_nffree =
 450             fragnum(&sblock, sblock.fs_size) +
 451             (fragnum(&sblock, csfrags) > 0 ?
 452             sblock.fs_frag - fragnum(&sblock, csfrags) : 0);
 453         sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_nifree =
 454             sblock.fs_ncg * sblock.fs_ipg - UFS_ROOTINO;
 455         sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_ndir = 0;
 456         sblock.fs_dsize -= csfrags;
 457         sblock.fs_time = tstamp;
 458         if (Oflag <= 1) {
 459                 sblock.fs_old_time = tstamp;
 460                 sblock.fs_old_dsize = sblock.fs_dsize;
 461                 sblock.fs_old_csaddr = sblock.fs_csaddr;
 462                 sblock.fs_old_cstotal.cs_ndir = sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_ndir;
 463                 sblock.fs_old_cstotal.cs_nbfree = sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_nbfree;
 464                 sblock.fs_old_cstotal.cs_nifree = sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_nifree;
 465                 sblock.fs_old_cstotal.cs_nffree = sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_nffree;
 466         }
 467         /*
 468          * Dump out summary information about file system.
 469          */
 470 #define B2MBFACTOR (1 / (1024.0 * 1024.0))
 471         printf("%s: %.1fMB (%lld sectors) block size %d, "
 472                "fragment size %d\n",
 473             fsys, (float)sblock.fs_size * sblock.fs_fsize * B2MBFACTOR,
 474             (long long)fsbtodb(&sblock, sblock.fs_size),
 475             sblock.fs_bsize, sblock.fs_fsize);
 476         printf("\tusing %d cylinder groups of %.2fMB, %d blks, "
 477                "%d inodes.\n",
 478             sblock.fs_ncg,
 479             (float)sblock.fs_fpg * sblock.fs_fsize * B2MBFACTOR,
 480             sblock.fs_fpg / sblock.fs_frag, sblock.fs_ipg);
 481 #undef B2MBFACTOR
 482         /*
 483          * Now determine how wide each column will be, and calculate how
 484          * many columns will fit in a 76 char line. 76 is the width of the
 485          * subwindows in sysinst.
 486          */
 487         printcolwidth = count_digits(
 488                         fsbtodb(&sblock, cgsblock(&sblock, sblock.fs_ncg -1)));
 489         nprintcols = 76 / (printcolwidth + 2);
 490
 491         /*
 492          * allocate space for superblock, cylinder group map, and
 493          * two sets of inode blocks.
 494          */
 495         if (sblock.fs_bsize < SBLOCKSIZE)
 496                 iobufsize = SBLOCKSIZE + 3 * sblock.fs_bsize;
 497         else
 498                 iobufsize = 4 * sblock.fs_bsize;
 499         iobuf = ecalloc(1, iobufsize);
 500         /*
 501          * Make a copy of the superblock into the buffer that we will be
 502          * writing out in each cylinder group.
 503          */
 504         memcpy(writebuf, &sblock, sbsize);
 505         if (fsopts->needswap)
 506                 ffs_sb_swap(&sblock, (struct fs*)writebuf);
 507         memcpy(iobuf, writebuf, SBLOCKSIZE);
 508
 509         printf("super-block backups (for fsck -b #) at:");
 510         for (cylno = 0; cylno < sblock.fs_ncg; cylno++) {
 511                 initcg(cylno, tstamp, fsopts);
 512                 if (cylno % nprintcols == 0)
 513                         printf("\n");
 514                 printf(" %*lld,", printcolwidth,
 515                         (long long)fsbtodb(&sblock, cgsblock(&sblock, cylno)));
 516                 fflush(stdout);
 517         }
 518         printf("\n");
 519
 520         /*
 521          * Now construct the initial file system,
 522          * then write out the super-block.
 523          */
 524         sblock.fs_time = tstamp;
 525         if (Oflag <= 1) {
 526                 sblock.fs_old_cstotal.cs_ndir = sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_ndir;
 527                 sblock.fs_old_cstotal.cs_nbfree = sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_nbfree;
 528                 sblock.fs_old_cstotal.cs_nifree = sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_nifree;
 529                 sblock.fs_old_cstotal.cs_nffree = sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_nffree;
 530         }
 531         if (fsopts->needswap)
 532                 sblock.fs_flags |= FS_SWAPPED;
 533         ffs_write_superblock(&sblock, fsopts);
 534         return (&sblock);
 535 }
 536
 537 /*
 538  * Write out the superblock and its duplicates,
 539  * and the cylinder group summaries
 540  */
 541 void
 542 ffs_write_superblock(struct fs *fs, const fsinfo_t *fsopts)
 543 {
 544         int size, blks, i, saveflag;
 545         uint32_t cylno;
 546         void *space;
 547         char *wrbuf;
 548
 549         saveflag = fs->fs_flags & FS_INTERNAL;
 550         fs->fs_flags &= ~FS_INTERNAL;
 551
 552         memcpy(writebuf, &sblock, sbsize);
 553         if (fsopts->needswap)
 554                 ffs_sb_swap(fs, (struct fs*)writebuf);
 555         ffs_wtfs(fs->fs_sblockloc / sectorsize, sbsize, writebuf, fsopts);
 556
 557         /* Write out the duplicate super blocks */
 558         for (cylno = 0; cylno < fs->fs_ncg; cylno++)
 559                 ffs_wtfs(fsbtodb(fs, cgsblock(fs, cylno)),
 560                     sbsize, writebuf, fsopts);
 561
 562         /* Write out the cylinder group summaries */
 563         size = fs->fs_cssize;
 564         blks = howmany(size, fs->fs_fsize);
 565         space = (void *)fs->fs_csp;
 566         wrbuf = emalloc(size);
 567         for (i = 0; i < blks; i+= fs->fs_frag) {
 568                 size = fs->fs_bsize;
 569                 if (i + fs->fs_frag > blks)
 570                         size = (blks - i) * fs->fs_fsize;
 571                 if (fsopts->needswap)
 572                         ffs_csum_swap((struct csum *)space,
 573                             (struct csum *)wrbuf, size);
 574                 else
 575                         memcpy(wrbuf, space, (u_int)size);
 576                 ffs_wtfs(fsbtodb(fs, fs->fs_csaddr + i), size, wrbuf, fsopts);
 577                 space = (char *)space + size;
 578         }
 579         free(wrbuf);
 580         fs->fs_flags |= saveflag;
 581 }
 582
 583 /*
 584  * Initialize a cylinder group.
 585  */
 586 static void
 587 initcg(uint32_t cylno, time_t utime, const fsinfo_t *fsopts)
 588 {
 589         daddr_t cbase, dmax;
 590         int32_t blkno;
 591         uint32_t i, j, d, dlower, dupper;
 592         struct ufs1_dinode *dp1;
 593         struct ufs2_dinode *dp2;
 594         int start;
 595
 596         /*
 597          * Determine block bounds for cylinder group.
 598          * Allow space for super block summary information in first
 599          * cylinder group.
 600          */
 601         cbase = cgbase(&sblock, cylno);
 602         dmax = cbase + sblock.fs_fpg;
 603         if (dmax > sblock.fs_size)
 604                 dmax = sblock.fs_size;
 605         dlower = cgsblock(&sblock, cylno) - cbase;
 606         dupper = cgdmin(&sblock, cylno) - cbase;
 607         if (cylno == 0)
 608                 dupper += howmany(sblock.fs_cssize, sblock.fs_fsize);
 609         memset(&acg, 0, sblock.fs_cgsize);
 610         acg.cg_time = utime;
 611         acg.cg_magic = CG_MAGIC;
 612         acg.cg_cgx = cylno;
 613         acg.cg_niblk = sblock.fs_ipg;
 614         acg.cg_initediblk = MIN(sblock.fs_ipg, 2 * INOPB(&sblock));
 615         acg.cg_ndblk = dmax - cbase;
 616         if (sblock.fs_contigsumsize > 0)
 617                 acg.cg_nclusterblks = acg.cg_ndblk >> sblock.fs_fragshift;
 618         start = &acg.cg_space[0] - (u_char *)(&acg.cg_firstfield);
 619         if (Oflag == 2) {
 620                 acg.cg_iusedoff = start;
 621         } else {
 622                 if (cylno == sblock.fs_ncg - 1)
 623                         acg.cg_old_ncyl = howmany(acg.cg_ndblk,
 624                             sblock.fs_fpg / sblock.fs_old_cpg);
 625                 else
 626                         acg.cg_old_ncyl = sblock.fs_old_cpg;
 627                 acg.cg_old_time = acg.cg_time;
 628                 acg.cg_time = 0;
 629                 acg.cg_old_niblk = acg.cg_niblk;
 630                 acg.cg_niblk = 0;
 631                 acg.cg_initediblk = 0;
 632                 acg.cg_old_btotoff = start;
 633                 acg.cg_old_boff = acg.cg_old_btotoff +
 634                     sblock.fs_old_cpg * sizeof(int32_t);
 635                 acg.cg_iusedoff = acg.cg_old_boff +
 636                     sblock.fs_old_cpg * sizeof(u_int16_t);
 637         }
 638         acg.cg_freeoff = acg.cg_iusedoff + howmany(sblock.fs_ipg, CHAR_BIT);
 639         if (sblock.fs_contigsumsize <= 0) {
 640                 acg.cg_nextfreeoff = acg.cg_freeoff +
 641                    howmany(sblock.fs_fpg, CHAR_BIT);
 642         } else {
 643                 acg.cg_clustersumoff = acg.cg_freeoff +
 644                     howmany(sblock.fs_fpg, CHAR_BIT) - sizeof(int32_t);
 645                 acg.cg_clustersumoff =
 646                     roundup(acg.cg_clustersumoff, sizeof(int32_t));
 647                 acg.cg_clusteroff = acg.cg_clustersumoff +
 648                     (sblock.fs_contigsumsize + 1) * sizeof(int32_t);
 649                 acg.cg_nextfreeoff = acg.cg_clusteroff +
 650                     howmany(fragstoblks(&sblock, sblock.fs_fpg), CHAR_BIT);
 651         }
 652         if (acg.cg_nextfreeoff > (uint32_t)sblock.fs_cgsize) {
 653                 printf("Panic: cylinder group too big\n");
 654                 exit(37);
 655         }
 656         acg.cg_cs.cs_nifree += sblock.fs_ipg;
 657         if (cylno == 0)
 658                 for (i = 0; i < UFS_ROOTINO; i++) {
 659                         setbit(cg_inosused_swap(&acg, 0), i);
 660                         acg.cg_cs.cs_nifree--;
 661                 }
 662         if (cylno > 0) {
 663                 /*
 664                  * In cylno 0, beginning space is reserved
 665                  * for boot and super blocks.
 666                  */
 667                 for (d = 0, blkno = 0; d < dlower;) {
 668                         ffs_setblock(&sblock, cg_blksfree_swap(&acg, 0), blkno);
 669                         if (sblock.fs_contigsumsize > 0)
 670                                 setbit(cg_clustersfree_swap(&acg, 0), blkno);
 671                         acg.cg_cs.cs_nbfree++;
 672                         d += sblock.fs_frag;
 673                         blkno++;
 674                 }
 675         }
 676         if ((i = (dupper & (sblock.fs_frag - 1))) != 0) {
 677                 acg.cg_frsum[sblock.fs_frag - i]++;
 678                 for (d = dupper + sblock.fs_frag - i; dupper < d; dupper++) {
 679                         setbit(cg_blksfree_swap(&acg, 0), dupper);
 680                         acg.cg_cs.cs_nffree++;
 681                 }
 682         }
 683         for (d = dupper, blkno = dupper >> sblock.fs_fragshift;
 684              d + sblock.fs_frag <= acg.cg_ndblk; ) {
 685                 ffs_setblock(&sblock, cg_blksfree_swap(&acg, 0), blkno);
 686                 if (sblock.fs_contigsumsize > 0)
 687                         setbit(cg_clustersfree_swap(&acg, 0), blkno);
 688                 acg.cg_cs.cs_nbfree++;
 689                 d += sblock.fs_frag;
 690                 blkno++;
 691         }
 692         if (d < acg.cg_ndblk) {
 693                 acg.cg_frsum[acg.cg_ndblk - d]++;
 694                 for (; d < acg.cg_ndblk; d++) {
 695                         setbit(cg_blksfree_swap(&acg, 0), d);
 696                         acg.cg_cs.cs_nffree++;
 697                 }
 698         }
 699         if (sblock.fs_contigsumsize > 0) {
 700                 int32_t *sump = cg_clustersum_swap(&acg, 0);
 701                 u_char *mapp = cg_clustersfree_swap(&acg, 0);
 702                 int map = *mapp++;
 703                 int bit = 1;
 704                 int run = 0;
 705
 706                 for (i = 0; i < acg.cg_nclusterblks; i++) {
 707                         if ((map & bit) != 0) {
 708                                 run++;
 709                         } else if (run != 0) {
 710                                 if (run > sblock.fs_contigsumsize)
 711                                         run = sblock.fs_contigsumsize;
 712                                 sump[run]++;
 713                                 run = 0;
 714                         }
 715                         if ((i & (CHAR_BIT - 1)) != (CHAR_BIT - 1)) {
 716                                 bit <<= 1;
 717                         } else {
 718                                 map = *mapp++;
 719                                 bit = 1;
 720                         }
 721                 }
 722                 if (run != 0) {
 723                         if (run > sblock.fs_contigsumsize)
 724                                 run = sblock.fs_contigsumsize;
 725                         sump[run]++;
 726                 }
 727         }
 728         sblock.fs_cs(&sblock, cylno) = acg.cg_cs;
 729         /*
 730          * Write out the duplicate super block, the cylinder group map
 731          * and two blocks worth of inodes in a single write.
 732          */
 733         start = MAX(sblock.fs_bsize, SBLOCKSIZE);
 734         memcpy(&iobuf[start], &acg, sblock.fs_cgsize);
 735         if (fsopts->needswap)
 736                 ffs_cg_swap(&acg, (struct cg*)&iobuf[start], &sblock);
 737         start += sblock.fs_bsize;
 738         dp1 = (struct ufs1_dinode *)(&iobuf[start]);
 739         dp2 = (struct ufs2_dinode *)(&iobuf[start]);
 740         for (i = 0; i < acg.cg_initediblk; i++) {
 741                 if (sblock.fs_magic == FS_UFS1_MAGIC) {
 742                         /* No need to swap, it'll stay random */
 743                         dp1->di_gen = random();
 744                         dp1++;
 745                 } else {
 746                         dp2->di_gen = random();
 747                         dp2++;
 748                 }
 749         }
 750         ffs_wtfs(fsbtodb(&sblock, cgsblock(&sblock, cylno)), iobufsize, iobuf,
 751             fsopts);
 752         /*
 753          * For the old file system, we have to initialize all the inodes.
 754          */
 755         if (Oflag <= 1) {
 756                 for (i = 2 * sblock.fs_frag;
 757                      i < sblock.fs_ipg / INOPF(&sblock);
 758                      i += sblock.fs_frag) {
 759                         dp1 = (struct ufs1_dinode *)(&iobuf[start]);
 760                         for (j = 0; j < INOPB(&sblock); j++) {
 761                                 dp1->di_gen = random();
 762                                 dp1++;
 763                         }
 764                         ffs_wtfs(fsbtodb(&sblock, cgimin(&sblock, cylno) + i),
 765                             sblock.fs_bsize, &iobuf[start], fsopts);
 766                 }
 767         }
 768 }
 769
 770 /*
 771  * read a block from the file system
 772  */
 773 void
 774 ffs_rdfs(daddr_t bno, int size, void *bf, const fsinfo_t *fsopts)
 775 {
 776         int n;
 777         off_t offset;
 778
 779         offset = bno * fsopts->sectorsize + fsopts->offset;
 780         if (lseek(fsopts->fd, offset, SEEK_SET) < 0)
 781                 err(1, "%s: seek error for sector %lld", __func__,
 782                     (long long)bno);
 783         n = read(fsopts->fd, bf, size);
 784         if (n == -1) {
 785                 abort();
 786                 err(1, "%s: read error bno %lld size %d", __func__,
 787                     (long long)bno, size);
 788         }
 789         else if (n != size)
 790                 errx(1, "%s: read error for sector %lld", __func__,
 791                     (long long)bno);
 792 }
 793
 794 /*
 795  * write a block to the file system
 796  */
 797 void
 798 ffs_wtfs(daddr_t bno, int size, void *bf, const fsinfo_t *fsopts)
 799 {
 800         int n;
 801         off_t offset;
 802
 803         offset = bno * fsopts->sectorsize + fsopts->offset;
 804         if (lseek(fsopts->fd, offset, SEEK_SET) < 0)
 805                 err(1, "%s: seek error for sector %lld", __func__,
 806                     (long long)bno);
 807         n = write(fsopts->fd, bf, size);
 808         if (n == -1)
 809                 err(1, "%s: write error for sector %lld", __func__,
 810                     (long long)bno);
 811         else if (n != size)
 812                 errx(1, "%s: write error for sector %lld", __func__,
 813                     (long long)bno);
 814 }
 815
 816
 817 /* Determine how many digits are needed to print a given integer */
 818 static int
 819 count_digits(int num)
 820 {
 821         int ndig;
 822
 823         for(ndig = 1; num > 9; num /=10, ndig++);
 824
 825         return (ndig);
 826 }
 827
 828 static int
 829 ilog2(int val)
 830 {
 831         u_int n;
 832
 833         for (n = 0; n < sizeof(n) * CHAR_BIT; n++)
 834                 if (1 << n == val)
 835                         return (n);
 836         errx(1, "%s: %d is not a power of 2", __func__, val);
 837 }