usr.sbin/makefs/ffs/mkfs.c

   1 /*      $NetBSD: mkfs.c,v 1.22 2011/10/09 22:30:13 christos Exp $       */
   2
   3 /*-
   4  * SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
   5  *
   6  * Copyright (c) 2002 Networks Associates Technology, Inc.
   7  * All rights reserved.
   8  *
   9  * This software was developed for the FreeBSD Project by Marshall
  10  * Kirk McKusick and Network Associates Laboratories, the Security
  11  * Research Division of Network Associates, Inc. under DARPA/SPAWAR
  12  * contract N66001-01-C-8035 ("CBOSS"), as part of the DARPA CHATS
  13  * research program
  14  *
  15  * Copyright (c) 1980, 1989, 1993
  16  *      The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
  17  *
  18  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
  19  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
  20  * are met:
  21  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
  22  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
  23  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
  24  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
  25  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
  26  * 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
  27  *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
  28  *    without specific prior written permission.
  29  *
  30  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
  31  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
  32  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
  33  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
  34  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
  35  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
  36  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
  37  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
  38  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
  39  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
  40  * SUCH DAMAGE.
  41  */
  42
  43 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
  44 __FBSDID("$FreeBSD$");
  45
  46 #include <sys/param.h>
  47 #include <sys/time.h>
  48 #include <sys/resource.h>
  49
  50 #include <stdio.h>
  51 #include <stdlib.h>
  52 #include <string.h>
  53 #include <unistd.h>
  54 #include <errno.h>
  55 #include <util.h>
  56
  57 #include "makefs.h"
  58 #include "ffs.h"
  59
  60 #include <ufs/ufs/dinode.h>
  61 #include <ufs/ffs/fs.h>
  62
  63 #include "ffs/ufs_bswap.h"
  64 #include "ffs/ufs_inode.h"
  65 #include "ffs/ffs_extern.h"
  66 #include "ffs/newfs_extern.h"
  67
  68 #ifndef BBSIZE
  69 #define BBSIZE  8192                    /* size of boot area, with label */
  70 #endif
  71
  72 static void initcg(uint32_t, time_t, const fsinfo_t *);
  73 static int ilog2(int);
  74
  75 static int count_digits(int);
  76
  77 /*
  78  * make file system for cylinder-group style file systems
  79  */
  80 #define UMASK           0755
  81 #define POWEROF2(num)   (((num) & ((num) - 1)) == 0)
  82
  83 static union {
  84         struct fs fs;
  85         char pad[SBLOCKSIZE];
  86 } fsun;
  87 #define sblock  fsun.fs
  88
  89 static union {
  90         struct cg cg;
  91         char pad[FFS_MAXBSIZE];
  92 } cgun;
  93 #define acg     cgun.cg
  94
  95 static char *iobuf;
  96 static int iobufsize;
  97
  98 static char writebuf[FFS_MAXBSIZE];
  99
 100 static int     Oflag;      /* format as an 4.3BSD file system */
 101 static int64_t fssize;     /* file system size */
 102 static int     sectorsize;         /* bytes/sector */
 103 static int     fsize;      /* fragment size */
 104 static int     bsize;      /* block size */
 105 static int     maxbsize;   /* maximum clustering */
 106 static int     maxblkspercg;
 107 static int     minfree;    /* free space threshold */
 108 static int     opt;                /* optimization preference (space or time) */
 109 static int     density;    /* number of bytes per inode */
 110 static int     maxcontig;          /* max contiguous blocks to allocate */
 111 static int     maxbpg;     /* maximum blocks per file in a cyl group */
 112 static int     bbsize;     /* boot block size */
 113 static int     sbsize;     /* superblock size */
 114 static int     avgfilesize;        /* expected average file size */
 115 static int     avgfpdir;           /* expected number of files per directory */
 116
 117 struct fs *
 118 ffs_mkfs(const char *fsys, const fsinfo_t *fsopts, time_t tstamp)
 119 {
 120         int fragsperinode, optimalfpg, origdensity, minfpg, lastminfpg;
 121         int32_t csfrags;
 122         uint32_t i, cylno;
 123         long long sizepb;
 124         void *space;
 125         int size;
 126         int nprintcols, printcolwidth;
 127         ffs_opt_t       *ffs_opts = fsopts->fs_specific;
 128
 129         Oflag =         ffs_opts->version;
 130         fssize =        fsopts->size / fsopts->sectorsize;
 131         sectorsize =    fsopts->sectorsize;
 132         fsize =         ffs_opts->fsize;
 133         bsize =         ffs_opts->bsize;
 134         maxbsize =      ffs_opts->maxbsize;
 135         maxblkspercg =  ffs_opts->maxblkspercg;
 136         minfree =       ffs_opts->minfree;
 137         opt =           ffs_opts->optimization;
 138         density =       ffs_opts->density;
 139         maxcontig =     ffs_opts->maxcontig;
 140         maxbpg =        ffs_opts->maxbpg;
 141         avgfilesize =   ffs_opts->avgfilesize;
 142         avgfpdir =      ffs_opts->avgfpdir;
 143         bbsize =        BBSIZE;
 144         sbsize =        SBLOCKSIZE;
 145
 146         strlcpy((char *)sblock.fs_volname, ffs_opts->label,
 147             sizeof(sblock.fs_volname));
 148
 149         if (Oflag == 0) {
 150                 sblock.fs_old_inodefmt = FS_42INODEFMT;
 151                 sblock.fs_maxsymlinklen = 0;
 152                 sblock.fs_old_flags = 0;
 153         } else {
 154                 sblock.fs_old_inodefmt = FS_44INODEFMT;
 155                 sblock.fs_maxsymlinklen = (Oflag == 1 ? UFS1_MAXSYMLINKLEN :
 156                     UFS2_MAXSYMLINKLEN);
 157                 sblock.fs_old_flags = FS_FLAGS_UPDATED;
 158                 sblock.fs_flags = 0;
 159         }
 160         /*
 161          * Validate the given file system size.
 162          * Verify that its last block can actually be accessed.
 163          * Convert to file system fragment sized units.
 164          */
 165         if (fssize <= 0) {
 166                 printf("preposterous size %lld\n", (long long)fssize);
 167                 exit(13);
 168         }
 169         ffs_wtfs(fssize - 1, sectorsize, (char *)&sblock, fsopts);
 170
 171         /*
 172          * collect and verify the filesystem density info
 173          */
 174         sblock.fs_avgfilesize = avgfilesize;
 175         sblock.fs_avgfpdir = avgfpdir;
 176         if (sblock.fs_avgfilesize <= 0)
 177                 printf("illegal expected average file size %d\n",
 178                     sblock.fs_avgfilesize), exit(14);
 179         if (sblock.fs_avgfpdir <= 0)
 180                 printf("illegal expected number of files per directory %d\n",
 181                     sblock.fs_avgfpdir), exit(15);
 182         /*
 183          * collect and verify the block and fragment sizes
 184          */
 185         sblock.fs_bsize = bsize;
 186         sblock.fs_fsize = fsize;
 187         if (!POWEROF2(sblock.fs_bsize)) {
 188                 printf("block size must be a power of 2, not %d\n",
 189                     sblock.fs_bsize);
 190                 exit(16);
 191         }
 192         if (!POWEROF2(sblock.fs_fsize)) {
 193                 printf("fragment size must be a power of 2, not %d\n",
 194                     sblock.fs_fsize);
 195                 exit(17);
 196         }
 197         if (sblock.fs_fsize < sectorsize) {
 198                 printf("fragment size %d is too small, minimum is %d\n",
 199                     sblock.fs_fsize, sectorsize);
 200                 exit(18);
 201         }
 202         if (sblock.fs_bsize < MINBSIZE) {
 203                 printf("block size %d is too small, minimum is %d\n",
 204                     sblock.fs_bsize, MINBSIZE);
 205                 exit(19);
 206         }
 207         if (sblock.fs_bsize > FFS_MAXBSIZE) {
 208                 printf("block size %d is too large, maximum is %d\n",
 209                     sblock.fs_bsize, FFS_MAXBSIZE);
 210                 exit(19);
 211         }
 212         if (sblock.fs_bsize < sblock.fs_fsize) {
 213                 printf("block size (%d) cannot be smaller than fragment size (%d)\n",
 214                     sblock.fs_bsize, sblock.fs_fsize);
 215                 exit(20);
 216         }
 217
 218         if (maxbsize < bsize || !POWEROF2(maxbsize)) {
 219                 sblock.fs_maxbsize = sblock.fs_bsize;
 220                 printf("Extent size set to %d\n", sblock.fs_maxbsize);
 221         } else if (sblock.fs_maxbsize > FS_MAXCONTIG * sblock.fs_bsize) {
 222                 sblock.fs_maxbsize = FS_MAXCONTIG * sblock.fs_bsize;
 223                 printf("Extent size reduced to %d\n", sblock.fs_maxbsize);
 224         } else {
 225                 sblock.fs_maxbsize = maxbsize;
 226         }
 227         sblock.fs_maxcontig = maxcontig;
 228         if (sblock.fs_maxcontig < sblock.fs_maxbsize / sblock.fs_bsize) {
 229                 sblock.fs_maxcontig = sblock.fs_maxbsize / sblock.fs_bsize;
 230                 printf("Maxcontig raised to %d\n", sblock.fs_maxbsize);
 231         }
 232
 233         if (sblock.fs_maxcontig > 1)
 234                 sblock.fs_contigsumsize = MIN(sblock.fs_maxcontig,FS_MAXCONTIG);
 235
 236         sblock.fs_bmask = ~(sblock.fs_bsize - 1);
 237         sblock.fs_fmask = ~(sblock.fs_fsize - 1);
 238         sblock.fs_qbmask = ~sblock.fs_bmask;
 239         sblock.fs_qfmask = ~sblock.fs_fmask;
 240         for (sblock.fs_bshift = 0, i = sblock.fs_bsize; i > 1; i >>= 1)
 241                 sblock.fs_bshift++;
 242         for (sblock.fs_fshift = 0, i = sblock.fs_fsize; i > 1; i >>= 1)
 243                 sblock.fs_fshift++;
 244         sblock.fs_frag = numfrags(&sblock, sblock.fs_bsize);
 245         for (sblock.fs_fragshift = 0, i = sblock.fs_frag; i > 1; i >>= 1)
 246                 sblock.fs_fragshift++;
 247         if (sblock.fs_frag > MAXFRAG) {
 248                 printf("fragment size %d is too small, "
 249                         "minimum with block size %d is %d\n",
 250                     sblock.fs_fsize, sblock.fs_bsize,
 251                     sblock.fs_bsize / MAXFRAG);
 252                 exit(21);
 253         }
 254         sblock.fs_fsbtodb = ilog2(sblock.fs_fsize / sectorsize);
 255         sblock.fs_size = sblock.fs_providersize = fssize =
 256             dbtofsb(&sblock, fssize);
 257
 258         if (Oflag <= 1) {
 259                 sblock.fs_magic = FS_UFS1_MAGIC;
 260                 sblock.fs_sblockloc = SBLOCK_UFS1;
 261                 sblock.fs_nindir = sblock.fs_bsize / sizeof(ufs1_daddr_t);
 262                 sblock.fs_inopb = sblock.fs_bsize / sizeof(struct ufs1_dinode);
 263                 sblock.fs_maxsymlinklen = ((UFS_NDADDR + UFS_NIADDR) *
 264                     sizeof (ufs1_daddr_t));
 265                 sblock.fs_old_inodefmt = FS_44INODEFMT;
 266                 sblock.fs_old_cgoffset = 0;
 267                 sblock.fs_old_cgmask = 0xffffffff;
 268                 sblock.fs_old_size = sblock.fs_size;
 269                 sblock.fs_old_rotdelay = 0;
 270                 sblock.fs_old_rps = 60;
 271                 sblock.fs_old_nspf = sblock.fs_fsize / sectorsize;
 272                 sblock.fs_old_cpg = 1;
 273                 sblock.fs_old_interleave = 1;
 274                 sblock.fs_old_trackskew = 0;
 275                 sblock.fs_old_cpc = 0;
 276                 sblock.fs_old_postblformat = 1;
 277                 sblock.fs_old_nrpos = 1;
 278         } else {
 279                 sblock.fs_magic = FS_UFS2_MAGIC;
 280                 sblock.fs_sblockloc = SBLOCK_UFS2;
 281                 sblock.fs_nindir = sblock.fs_bsize / sizeof(ufs2_daddr_t);
 282                 sblock.fs_inopb = sblock.fs_bsize / sizeof(struct ufs2_dinode);
 283                 sblock.fs_maxsymlinklen = ((UFS_NDADDR + UFS_NIADDR) *
 284                     sizeof (ufs2_daddr_t));
 285                 if (ffs_opts->softupdates == 1)
 286                         sblock.fs_flags |= FS_DOSOFTDEP;
 287         }
 288
 289         sblock.fs_sblkno =
 290             roundup(howmany(sblock.fs_sblockloc + SBLOCKSIZE, sblock.fs_fsize),
 291                 sblock.fs_frag);
 292         sblock.fs_cblkno = (daddr_t)(sblock.fs_sblkno +
 293             roundup(howmany(SBLOCKSIZE, sblock.fs_fsize), sblock.fs_frag));
 294         sblock.fs_iblkno = sblock.fs_cblkno + sblock.fs_frag;
 295         sblock.fs_maxfilesize = sblock.fs_bsize * UFS_NDADDR - 1;
 296         for (sizepb = sblock.fs_bsize, i = 0; i < UFS_NIADDR; i++) {
 297                 sizepb *= NINDIR(&sblock);
 298                 sblock.fs_maxfilesize += sizepb;
 299         }
 300
 301         /*
 302          * Calculate the number of blocks to put into each cylinder group.
 303          *
 304          * This algorithm selects the number of blocks per cylinder
 305          * group. The first goal is to have at least enough data blocks
 306          * in each cylinder group to meet the density requirement. Once
 307          * this goal is achieved we try to expand to have at least
 308          * 1 cylinder group. Once this goal is achieved, we pack as
 309          * many blocks into each cylinder group map as will fit.
 310          *
 311          * We start by calculating the smallest number of blocks that we
 312          * can put into each cylinder group. If this is too big, we reduce
 313          * the density until it fits.
 314          */
 315         origdensity = density;
 316         for (;;) {
 317                 fragsperinode = MAX(numfrags(&sblock, density), 1);
 318                 minfpg = fragsperinode * INOPB(&sblock);
 319                 if (minfpg > sblock.fs_size)
 320                         minfpg = sblock.fs_size;
 321                 sblock.fs_ipg = INOPB(&sblock);
 322                 sblock.fs_fpg = roundup(sblock.fs_iblkno +
 323                     sblock.fs_ipg / INOPF(&sblock), sblock.fs_frag);
 324                 if (sblock.fs_fpg < minfpg)
 325                         sblock.fs_fpg = minfpg;
 326                 sblock.fs_ipg = roundup(howmany(sblock.fs_fpg, fragsperinode),
 327                     INOPB(&sblock));
 328                 sblock.fs_fpg = roundup(sblock.fs_iblkno +
 329                     sblock.fs_ipg / INOPF(&sblock), sblock.fs_frag);
 330                 if (sblock.fs_fpg < minfpg)
 331                         sblock.fs_fpg = minfpg;
 332                 sblock.fs_ipg = roundup(howmany(sblock.fs_fpg, fragsperinode),
 333                     INOPB(&sblock));
 334                 if (CGSIZE(&sblock) < (unsigned long)sblock.fs_bsize)
 335                         break;
 336                 density -= sblock.fs_fsize;
 337         }
 338         if (density != origdensity)
 339                 printf("density reduced from %d to %d\n", origdensity, density);
 340
 341         if (maxblkspercg <= 0 || maxblkspercg >= fssize)
 342                 maxblkspercg = fssize - 1;
 343         /*
 344          * Start packing more blocks into the cylinder group until
 345          * it cannot grow any larger, the number of cylinder groups
 346          * drops below 1, or we reach the size requested.
 347          */
 348         for ( ; sblock.fs_fpg < maxblkspercg; sblock.fs_fpg += sblock.fs_frag) {
 349                 sblock.fs_ipg = roundup(howmany(sblock.fs_fpg, fragsperinode),
 350                     INOPB(&sblock));
 351                 if (sblock.fs_size / sblock.fs_fpg < 1)
 352                         break;
 353                 if (CGSIZE(&sblock) < (unsigned long)sblock.fs_bsize)
 354                         continue;
 355                 if (CGSIZE(&sblock) == (unsigned long)sblock.fs_bsize)
 356                         break;
 357                 sblock.fs_fpg -= sblock.fs_frag;
 358                 sblock.fs_ipg = roundup(howmany(sblock.fs_fpg, fragsperinode),
 359                     INOPB(&sblock));
 360                 break;
 361         }
 362         /*
 363          * Check to be sure that the last cylinder group has enough blocks
 364          * to be viable. If it is too small, reduce the number of blocks
 365          * per cylinder group which will have the effect of moving more
 366          * blocks into the last cylinder group.
 367          */
 368         optimalfpg = sblock.fs_fpg;
 369         for (;;) {
 370                 sblock.fs_ncg = howmany(sblock.fs_size, sblock.fs_fpg);
 371                 lastminfpg = roundup(sblock.fs_iblkno +
 372                     sblock.fs_ipg / INOPF(&sblock), sblock.fs_frag);
 373                 if (sblock.fs_size < lastminfpg) {
 374                         printf("Filesystem size %lld < minimum size of %d\n",
 375                             (long long)sblock.fs_size, lastminfpg);
 376                         exit(28);
 377                 }
 378                 if (sblock.fs_size % sblock.fs_fpg >= lastminfpg ||
 379                     sblock.fs_size % sblock.fs_fpg == 0)
 380                         break;
 381                 sblock.fs_fpg -= sblock.fs_frag;
 382                 sblock.fs_ipg = roundup(howmany(sblock.fs_fpg, fragsperinode),
 383                     INOPB(&sblock));
 384         }
 385         if (optimalfpg != sblock.fs_fpg)
 386                 printf("Reduced frags per cylinder group from %d to %d %s\n",
 387                    optimalfpg, sblock.fs_fpg, "to enlarge last cyl group");
 388         sblock.fs_cgsize = fragroundup(&sblock, CGSIZE(&sblock));
 389         sblock.fs_dblkno = sblock.fs_iblkno + sblock.fs_ipg / INOPF(&sblock);
 390         if (Oflag <= 1) {
 391                 sblock.fs_old_spc = sblock.fs_fpg * sblock.fs_old_nspf;
 392                 sblock.fs_old_nsect = sblock.fs_old_spc;
 393                 sblock.fs_old_npsect = sblock.fs_old_spc;
 394                 sblock.fs_old_ncyl = sblock.fs_ncg;
 395         }
 396
 397         /*
 398          * fill in remaining fields of the super block
 399          */
 400         sblock.fs_csaddr = cgdmin(&sblock, 0);
 401         sblock.fs_cssize =
 402             fragroundup(&sblock, sblock.fs_ncg * sizeof(struct csum));
 403
 404         /*
 405          * Setup memory for temporary in-core cylgroup summaries.
 406          * Cribbed from ffs_mountfs().
 407          */
 408         size = sblock.fs_cssize;
 409         if (sblock.fs_contigsumsize > 0)
 410                 size += sblock.fs_ncg * sizeof(int32_t);
 411         space = ecalloc(1, size);
 412         sblock.fs_si = ecalloc(1, sizeof(struct fs_summary_info));
 413         sblock.fs_csp = space;
 414         space = (char *)space + sblock.fs_cssize;
 415         if (sblock.fs_contigsumsize > 0) {
 416                 int32_t *lp;
 417
 418                 sblock.fs_maxcluster = lp = space;
 419                 for (i = 0; i < sblock.fs_ncg; i++)
 420                 *lp++ = sblock.fs_contigsumsize;
 421         }
 422
 423         sblock.fs_sbsize = fragroundup(&sblock, sizeof(struct fs));
 424         if (sblock.fs_sbsize > SBLOCKSIZE)
 425                 sblock.fs_sbsize = SBLOCKSIZE;
 426         sblock.fs_minfree = minfree;
 427         sblock.fs_maxcontig = maxcontig;
 428         sblock.fs_maxbpg = maxbpg;
 429         sblock.fs_optim = opt;
 430         sblock.fs_cgrotor = 0;
 431         sblock.fs_pendingblocks = 0;
 432         sblock.fs_pendinginodes = 0;
 433         sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_ndir = 0;
 434         sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_nbfree = 0;
 435         sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_nifree = 0;
 436         sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_nffree = 0;
 437         sblock.fs_fmod = 0;
 438         sblock.fs_ronly = 0;
 439         sblock.fs_state = 0;
 440         sblock.fs_clean = FS_ISCLEAN;
 441         sblock.fs_ronly = 0;
 442         sblock.fs_id[0] = tstamp;
 443         sblock.fs_id[1] = random();
 444         sblock.fs_fsmnt[0] = '\0';
 445         csfrags = howmany(sblock.fs_cssize, sblock.fs_fsize);
 446         sblock.fs_dsize = sblock.fs_size - sblock.fs_sblkno -
 447             sblock.fs_ncg * (sblock.fs_dblkno - sblock.fs_sblkno);
 448         sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_nbfree =
 449             fragstoblks(&sblock, sblock.fs_dsize) -
 450             howmany(csfrags, sblock.fs_frag);
 451         sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_nffree =
 452             fragnum(&sblock, sblock.fs_size) +
 453             (fragnum(&sblock, csfrags) > 0 ?
 454             sblock.fs_frag - fragnum(&sblock, csfrags) : 0);
 455         sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_nifree =
 456             sblock.fs_ncg * sblock.fs_ipg - UFS_ROOTINO;
 457         sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_ndir = 0;
 458         sblock.fs_dsize -= csfrags;
 459         sblock.fs_time = tstamp;
 460         if (Oflag <= 1) {
 461                 sblock.fs_old_time = tstamp;
 462                 sblock.fs_old_dsize = sblock.fs_dsize;
 463                 sblock.fs_old_csaddr = sblock.fs_csaddr;
 464                 sblock.fs_old_cstotal.cs_ndir = sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_ndir;
 465                 sblock.fs_old_cstotal.cs_nbfree = sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_nbfree;
 466                 sblock.fs_old_cstotal.cs_nifree = sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_nifree;
 467                 sblock.fs_old_cstotal.cs_nffree = sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_nffree;
 468         }
 469         /*
 470          * Dump out summary information about file system.
 471          */
 472 #define B2MBFACTOR (1 / (1024.0 * 1024.0))
 473         printf("%s: %.1fMB (%lld sectors) block size %d, "
 474                "fragment size %d\n",
 475             fsys, (float)sblock.fs_size * sblock.fs_fsize * B2MBFACTOR,
 476             (long long)fsbtodb(&sblock, sblock.fs_size),
 477             sblock.fs_bsize, sblock.fs_fsize);
 478         printf("\tusing %d cylinder groups of %.2fMB, %d blks, "
 479                "%d inodes.\n",
 480             sblock.fs_ncg,
 481             (float)sblock.fs_fpg * sblock.fs_fsize * B2MBFACTOR,
 482             sblock.fs_fpg / sblock.fs_frag, sblock.fs_ipg);
 483 #undef B2MBFACTOR
 484         /*
 485          * Now determine how wide each column will be, and calculate how
 486          * many columns will fit in a 76 char line. 76 is the width of the
 487          * subwindows in sysinst.
 488          */
 489         printcolwidth = count_digits(
 490                         fsbtodb(&sblock, cgsblock(&sblock, sblock.fs_ncg -1)));
 491         nprintcols = 76 / (printcolwidth + 2);
 492
 493         /*
 494          * allocate space for superblock, cylinder group map, and
 495          * two sets of inode blocks.
 496          */
 497         if (sblock.fs_bsize < SBLOCKSIZE)
 498                 iobufsize = SBLOCKSIZE + 3 * sblock.fs_bsize;
 499         else
 500                 iobufsize = 4 * sblock.fs_bsize;
 501         iobuf = ecalloc(1, iobufsize);
 502         /*
 503          * Make a copy of the superblock into the buffer that we will be
 504          * writing out in each cylinder group.
 505          */
 506         memcpy(writebuf, &sblock, sbsize);
 507         if (fsopts->needswap)
 508                 ffs_sb_swap(&sblock, (struct fs*)writebuf);
 509         memcpy(iobuf, writebuf, SBLOCKSIZE);
 510
 511         printf("super-block backups (for fsck -b #) at:");
 512         for (cylno = 0; cylno < sblock.fs_ncg; cylno++) {
 513                 initcg(cylno, tstamp, fsopts);
 514                 if (cylno % nprintcols == 0)
 515                         printf("\n");
 516                 printf(" %*lld,", printcolwidth,
 517                         (long long)fsbtodb(&sblock, cgsblock(&sblock, cylno)));
 518                 fflush(stdout);
 519         }
 520         printf("\n");
 521
 522         /*
 523          * Now construct the initial file system,
 524          * then write out the super-block.
 525          */
 526         sblock.fs_time = tstamp;
 527         if (Oflag <= 1) {
 528                 sblock.fs_old_cstotal.cs_ndir = sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_ndir;
 529                 sblock.fs_old_cstotal.cs_nbfree = sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_nbfree;
 530                 sblock.fs_old_cstotal.cs_nifree = sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_nifree;
 531                 sblock.fs_old_cstotal.cs_nffree = sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_nffree;
 532         }
 533         if (fsopts->needswap)
 534                 sblock.fs_flags |= FS_SWAPPED;
 535         ffs_write_superblock(&sblock, fsopts);
 536         return (&sblock);
 537 }
 538
 539 /*
 540  * Write out the superblock and its duplicates,
 541  * and the cylinder group summaries
 542  */
 543 void
 544 ffs_write_superblock(struct fs *fs, const fsinfo_t *fsopts)
 545 {
 546         int size, blks, i, saveflag;
 547         uint32_t cylno;
 548         void *space;
 549         char *wrbuf;
 550
 551         saveflag = fs->fs_flags & FS_INTERNAL;
 552         fs->fs_flags &= ~FS_INTERNAL;
 553
 554         memcpy(writebuf, &sblock, sbsize);
 555         if (fsopts->needswap)
 556                 ffs_sb_swap(fs, (struct fs*)writebuf);
 557         ffs_wtfs(fs->fs_sblockloc / sectorsize, sbsize, writebuf, fsopts);
 558
 559         /* Write out the duplicate super blocks */
 560         for (cylno = 0; cylno < fs->fs_ncg; cylno++)
 561                 ffs_wtfs(fsbtodb(fs, cgsblock(fs, cylno)),
 562                     sbsize, writebuf, fsopts);
 563
 564         /* Write out the cylinder group summaries */
 565         size = fs->fs_cssize;
 566         blks = howmany(size, fs->fs_fsize);
 567         space = (void *)fs->fs_csp;
 568         wrbuf = emalloc(size);
 569         for (i = 0; i < blks; i+= fs->fs_frag) {
 570                 size = fs->fs_bsize;
 571                 if (i + fs->fs_frag > blks)
 572                         size = (blks - i) * fs->fs_fsize;
 573                 if (fsopts->needswap)
 574                         ffs_csum_swap((struct csum *)space,
 575                             (struct csum *)wrbuf, size);
 576                 else
 577                         memcpy(wrbuf, space, (u_int)size);
 578                 ffs_wtfs(fsbtodb(fs, fs->fs_csaddr + i), size, wrbuf, fsopts);
 579                 space = (char *)space + size;
 580         }
 581         free(wrbuf);
 582         fs->fs_flags |= saveflag;
 583 }
 584
 585 /*
 586  * Initialize a cylinder group.
 587  */
 588 static void
 589 initcg(uint32_t cylno, time_t utime, const fsinfo_t *fsopts)
 590 {
 591         daddr_t cbase, dmax;
 592         int32_t blkno;
 593         uint32_t i, j, d, dlower, dupper;
 594         struct ufs1_dinode *dp1;
 595         struct ufs2_dinode *dp2;
 596         int start;
 597
 598         /*
 599          * Determine block bounds for cylinder group.
 600          * Allow space for super block summary information in first
 601          * cylinder group.
 602          */
 603         cbase = cgbase(&sblock, cylno);
 604         dmax = cbase + sblock.fs_fpg;
 605         if (dmax > sblock.fs_size)
 606                 dmax = sblock.fs_size;
 607         dlower = cgsblock(&sblock, cylno) - cbase;
 608         dupper = cgdmin(&sblock, cylno) - cbase;
 609         if (cylno == 0)
 610                 dupper += howmany(sblock.fs_cssize, sblock.fs_fsize);
 611         memset(&acg, 0, sblock.fs_cgsize);
 612         acg.cg_time = utime;
 613         acg.cg_magic = CG_MAGIC;
 614         acg.cg_cgx = cylno;
 615         acg.cg_niblk = sblock.fs_ipg;
 616         acg.cg_initediblk = MIN(sblock.fs_ipg, 2 * INOPB(&sblock));
 617         acg.cg_ndblk = dmax - cbase;
 618         if (sblock.fs_contigsumsize > 0)
 619                 acg.cg_nclusterblks = acg.cg_ndblk >> sblock.fs_fragshift;
 620         start = &acg.cg_space[0] - (u_char *)(&acg.cg_firstfield);
 621         if (Oflag == 2) {
 622                 acg.cg_iusedoff = start;
 623         } else {
 624                 if (cylno == sblock.fs_ncg - 1)
 625                         acg.cg_old_ncyl = howmany(acg.cg_ndblk,
 626                             sblock.fs_fpg / sblock.fs_old_cpg);
 627                 else
 628                         acg.cg_old_ncyl = sblock.fs_old_cpg;
 629                 acg.cg_old_time = acg.cg_time;
 630                 acg.cg_time = 0;
 631                 acg.cg_old_niblk = acg.cg_niblk;
 632                 acg.cg_niblk = 0;
 633                 acg.cg_initediblk = 0;
 634                 acg.cg_old_btotoff = start;
 635                 acg.cg_old_boff = acg.cg_old_btotoff +
 636                     sblock.fs_old_cpg * sizeof(int32_t);
 637                 acg.cg_iusedoff = acg.cg_old_boff +
 638                     sblock.fs_old_cpg * sizeof(u_int16_t);
 639         }
 640         acg.cg_freeoff = acg.cg_iusedoff + howmany(sblock.fs_ipg, CHAR_BIT);
 641         if (sblock.fs_contigsumsize <= 0) {
 642                 acg.cg_nextfreeoff = acg.cg_freeoff +
 643                    howmany(sblock.fs_fpg, CHAR_BIT);
 644         } else {
 645                 acg.cg_clustersumoff = acg.cg_freeoff +
 646                     howmany(sblock.fs_fpg, CHAR_BIT) - sizeof(int32_t);
 647                 acg.cg_clustersumoff =
 648                     roundup(acg.cg_clustersumoff, sizeof(int32_t));
 649                 acg.cg_clusteroff = acg.cg_clustersumoff +
 650                     (sblock.fs_contigsumsize + 1) * sizeof(int32_t);
 651                 acg.cg_nextfreeoff = acg.cg_clusteroff +
 652                     howmany(fragstoblks(&sblock, sblock.fs_fpg), CHAR_BIT);
 653         }
 654         if (acg.cg_nextfreeoff > (uint32_t)sblock.fs_cgsize) {
 655                 printf("Panic: cylinder group too big\n");
 656                 exit(37);
 657         }
 658         acg.cg_cs.cs_nifree += sblock.fs_ipg;
 659         if (cylno == 0)
 660                 for (i = 0; i < UFS_ROOTINO; i++) {
 661                         setbit(cg_inosused_swap(&acg, 0), i);
 662                         acg.cg_cs.cs_nifree--;
 663                 }
 664         if (cylno > 0) {
 665                 /*
 666                  * In cylno 0, beginning space is reserved
 667                  * for boot and super blocks.
 668                  */
 669                 for (d = 0, blkno = 0; d < dlower;) {
 670                         ffs_setblock(&sblock, cg_blksfree_swap(&acg, 0), blkno);
 671                         if (sblock.fs_contigsumsize > 0)
 672                                 setbit(cg_clustersfree_swap(&acg, 0), blkno);
 673                         acg.cg_cs.cs_nbfree++;
 674                         d += sblock.fs_frag;
 675                         blkno++;
 676                 }
 677         }
 678         if ((i = (dupper & (sblock.fs_frag - 1))) != 0) {
 679                 acg.cg_frsum[sblock.fs_frag - i]++;
 680                 for (d = dupper + sblock.fs_frag - i; dupper < d; dupper++) {
 681                         setbit(cg_blksfree_swap(&acg, 0), dupper);
 682                         acg.cg_cs.cs_nffree++;
 683                 }
 684         }
 685         for (d = dupper, blkno = dupper >> sblock.fs_fragshift;
 686              d + sblock.fs_frag <= acg.cg_ndblk; ) {
 687                 ffs_setblock(&sblock, cg_blksfree_swap(&acg, 0), blkno);
 688                 if (sblock.fs_contigsumsize > 0)
 689                         setbit(cg_clustersfree_swap(&acg, 0), blkno);
 690                 acg.cg_cs.cs_nbfree++;
 691                 d += sblock.fs_frag;
 692                 blkno++;
 693         }
 694         if (d < acg.cg_ndblk) {
 695                 acg.cg_frsum[acg.cg_ndblk - d]++;
 696                 for (; d < acg.cg_ndblk; d++) {
 697                         setbit(cg_blksfree_swap(&acg, 0), d);
 698                         acg.cg_cs.cs_nffree++;
 699                 }
 700         }
 701         if (sblock.fs_contigsumsize > 0) {
 702                 int32_t *sump = cg_clustersum_swap(&acg, 0);
 703                 u_char *mapp = cg_clustersfree_swap(&acg, 0);
 704                 int map = *mapp++;
 705                 int bit = 1;
 706                 int run = 0;
 707
 708                 for (i = 0; i < acg.cg_nclusterblks; i++) {
 709                         if ((map & bit) != 0) {
 710                                 run++;
 711                         } else if (run != 0) {
 712                                 if (run > sblock.fs_contigsumsize)
 713                                         run = sblock.fs_contigsumsize;
 714                                 sump[run]++;
 715                                 run = 0;
 716                         }
 717                         if ((i & (CHAR_BIT - 1)) != (CHAR_BIT - 1)) {
 718                                 bit <<= 1;
 719                         } else {
 720                                 map = *mapp++;
 721                                 bit = 1;
 722                         }
 723                 }
 724                 if (run != 0) {
 725                         if (run > sblock.fs_contigsumsize)
 726                                 run = sblock.fs_contigsumsize;
 727                         sump[run]++;
 728                 }
 729         }
 730         sblock.fs_cs(&sblock, cylno) = acg.cg_cs;
 731         /*
 732          * Write out the duplicate super block, the cylinder group map
 733          * and two blocks worth of inodes in a single write.
 734          */
 735         start = MAX(sblock.fs_bsize, SBLOCKSIZE);
 736         memcpy(&iobuf[start], &acg, sblock.fs_cgsize);
 737         if (fsopts->needswap)
 738                 ffs_cg_swap(&acg, (struct cg*)&iobuf[start], &sblock);
 739         start += sblock.fs_bsize;
 740         dp1 = (struct ufs1_dinode *)(&iobuf[start]);
 741         dp2 = (struct ufs2_dinode *)(&iobuf[start]);
 742         for (i = 0; i < acg.cg_initediblk; i++) {
 743                 if (sblock.fs_magic == FS_UFS1_MAGIC) {
 744                         /* No need to swap, it'll stay random */
 745                         dp1->di_gen = random();
 746                         dp1++;
 747                 } else {
 748                         dp2->di_gen = random();
 749                         dp2++;
 750                 }
 751         }
 752         ffs_wtfs(fsbtodb(&sblock, cgsblock(&sblock, cylno)), iobufsize, iobuf,
 753             fsopts);
 754         /*
 755          * For the old file system, we have to initialize all the inodes.
 756          */
 757         if (Oflag <= 1) {
 758                 for (i = 2 * sblock.fs_frag;
 759                      i < sblock.fs_ipg / INOPF(&sblock);
 760                      i += sblock.fs_frag) {
 761                         dp1 = (struct ufs1_dinode *)(&iobuf[start]);
 762                         for (j = 0; j < INOPB(&sblock); j++) {
 763                                 dp1->di_gen = random();
 764                                 dp1++;
 765                         }
 766                         ffs_wtfs(fsbtodb(&sblock, cgimin(&sblock, cylno) + i),
 767                             sblock.fs_bsize, &iobuf[start], fsopts);
 768                 }
 769         }
 770 }
 771
 772 /*
 773  * read a block from the file system
 774  */
 775 void
 776 ffs_rdfs(daddr_t bno, int size, void *bf, const fsinfo_t *fsopts)
 777 {
 778         int n;
 779         off_t offset;
 780
 781         offset = bno * fsopts->sectorsize + fsopts->offset;
 782         if (lseek(fsopts->fd, offset, SEEK_SET) < 0)
 783                 err(1, "%s: seek error for sector %lld", __func__,
 784                     (long long)bno);
 785         n = read(fsopts->fd, bf, size);
 786         if (n == -1) {
 787                 abort();
 788                 err(1, "%s: read error bno %lld size %d", __func__,
 789                     (long long)bno, size);
 790         }
 791         else if (n != size)
 792                 errx(1, "%s: read error for sector %lld", __func__,
 793                     (long long)bno);
 794 }
 795
 796 /*
 797  * write a block to the file system
 798  */
 799 void
 800 ffs_wtfs(daddr_t bno, int size, void *bf, const fsinfo_t *fsopts)
 801 {
 802         int n;
 803         off_t offset;
 804
 805         offset = bno * fsopts->sectorsize + fsopts->offset;
 806         if (lseek(fsopts->fd, offset, SEEK_SET) < 0)
 807                 err(1, "%s: seek error for sector %lld", __func__,
 808                     (long long)bno);
 809         n = write(fsopts->fd, bf, size);
 810         if (n == -1)
 811                 err(1, "%s: write error for sector %lld", __func__,
 812                     (long long)bno);
 813         else if (n != size)
 814                 errx(1, "%s: write error for sector %lld", __func__,
 815                     (long long)bno);
 816 }
 817
 818
 819 /* Determine how many digits are needed to print a given integer */
 820 static int
 821 count_digits(int num)
 822 {
 823         int ndig;
 824
 825         for(ndig = 1; num > 9; num /=10, ndig++);
 826
 827         return (ndig);
 828 }
 829
 830 static int
 831 ilog2(int val)
 832 {
 833         u_int n;
 834
 835         for (n = 0; n < sizeof(n) * CHAR_BIT; n++)
 836                 if (1 << n == val)
 837                         return (n);
 838         errx(1, "%s: %d is not a power of 2", __func__, val);
 839 }