4 * This tool traces the branch of a multicast tree from a source to a
5 * receiver for a particular multicast group and gives statistics
6 * about packet rate and loss for each hop along the path. It can
7 * usually be invoked just as
11 * to trace the route from that source to the local host for a default
12 * group when only the route is desired and not group-specific packet
13 * counts. See the usage line for more complex forms.
16 * Released 4 Apr 1995. This program was adapted by Steve Casner
17 * (USC/ISI) from a prototype written by Ajit Thyagarajan (UDel and
18 * Xerox PARC). It attempts to parallel in command syntax and output
19 * format the unicast traceroute program written by Van Jacobson (LBL)
20 * for the parts where that makes sense.
22 * Copyright (c) 1995 by the University of Southern California
23 * All rights reserved.
25 * Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software and its
26 * documentation in source and binary forms for any purposes and without
27 * fee is hereby granted, provided that the above copyright notice
28 * appear in all copies and that both the copyright notice and this
29 * permission notice appear in supporting documentation, and that any
30 * documentation, advertising materials, and other materials related to
31 * such distribution and use acknowledge that the software was developed
32 * by the University of Southern California, Information Sciences
33 * Institute. The name of the University may not be used to endorse or
34 * promote products derived from this software without specific prior
37 * THE UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA makes no representations about
38 * the suitability of this software for any purpose. THIS SOFTWARE IS
39 * PROVIDED "AS IS" AND WITHOUT ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES,
40 * INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
41 * MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
43 * Other copyrights might apply to parts of this software and are so
44 * noted when applicable.
46 * Parts of this software are derived from mrouted, which has the
49 * The mrouted program is covered by the following license. Use of the
50 * mrouted program represents acceptance of these terms and conditions.
52 * 1. STANFORD grants to LICENSEE a nonexclusive and nontransferable
53 * license to use, copy and modify the computer software ``mrouted''
54 * (hereinafter called the ``Program''), upon the terms and conditions
55 * hereinafter set out and until Licensee discontinues use of the Licensed
58 * 2. LICENSEE acknowledges that the Program is a research tool still in
59 * the development state, that it is being supplied ``as is,'' without any
60 * accompanying services from STANFORD, and that this license is entered
61 * into in order to encourage scientific collaboration aimed at further
62 * development and application of the Program.
64 * 3. LICENSEE may copy the Program and may sublicense others to use
65 * object code copies of the Program or any derivative version of the
66 * Program. All copies must contain all copyright and other proprietary
67 * notices found in the Program as provided by STANFORD. Title to
68 * copyright to the Program remains with STANFORD.
70 * 4. LICENSEE may create derivative versions of the Program. LICENSEE
71 * hereby grants STANFORD a royalty-free license to use, copy, modify,
72 * distribute and sublicense any such derivative works. At the time
73 * LICENSEE provides a copy of a derivative version of the Program to a
74 * third party, LICENSEE shall provide STANFORD with one copy of the
75 * source code of the derivative version at no charge to STANFORD.
77 * 5. STANFORD MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR
78 * IMPLIED. By way of example, but not limitation, STANFORD MAKES NO
79 * REPRESENTATION OR WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY
80 * PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR THAT THE USE OF THE LICENSED PROGRAM WILL NOT
81 * INFRINGE ANY PATENTS, COPYRIGHTS, TRADEMARKS OR OTHER RIGHTS. STANFORD
82 * shall not be held liable for any liability nor for any direct, indirect
83 * or consequential damages with respect to any claim by LICENSEE or any
84 * third party on account of or arising from this Agreement or use of the
87 * 6. This agreement shall be construed, interpreted and applied in
88 * accordance with the State of California and any legal action arising
89 * out of this Agreement or use of the Program shall be filed in a court
90 * in the State of California.
92 * 7. Nothing in this Agreement shall be construed as conferring rights to
93 * use in advertising, publicity or otherwise any trademark or the name
96 * The mrouted program is COPYRIGHT 1989 by The Board of Trustees of
97 * Leland Stanford Junior University.
100 * The mtrace program has been modified and improved by Xerox
101 * Corporation. Xerox grants to LICENSEE a non-exclusive and
102 * non-transferable license to use, copy, and modify the Xerox modified
103 * and improved mrouted software on the same terms and conditions which
104 * govern the license Stanford and ISI grant with respect to the mtrace
105 * program. These terms and conditions are incorporated in this grant
106 * by reference and shall be deemed to have been accepted by LICENSEE
107 * to cover its relationship with Xerox Corporation with respect to any
108 * use of the Xerox improved program.
110 * The mtrace program is COPYRIGHT 1998 by Xerox Corporation.
115 static const char rcsid[] =
129 #include <sys/param.h>
130 #include <sys/types.h>
131 #include <sys/socket.h>
132 #include <sys/time.h>
134 #include <netinet/in.h>
135 #include <netinet/in_systm.h>
136 #include <netinet/ip.h>
137 #include <netinet/igmp.h>
138 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
140 #include <sys/sockio.h>
142 #include <arpa/inet.h>
149 #include <sys/systeminfo.h>
152 typedef unsigned int u_int32; /* XXX */
155 #define DEFAULT_TIMEOUT 3 /* How long to wait before retrying requests */
156 #define DEFAULT_RETRIES 3 /* How many times to try */
157 #define DEFAULT_EXTRAHOPS 3 /* How many hops past a non-responding rtr */
158 #define MAXHOPS 60 /* Don't need more hops than this */
159 #define UNICAST_TTL 255 /* TTL for unicast response */
160 #define MULTICAST_TTL1 127 /* Default TTL for multicast query/response */
161 #define MULTICAST_TTL_INC 32 /* TTL increment for increase after timeout */
162 #define MULTICAST_TTL_MAX 192 /* Maximum TTL allowed (protect low-BW links */
166 #define DVMRP_ASK_NEIGHBORS2 5 /* DVMRP msg requesting neighbors */
167 #define DVMRP_NEIGHBORS2 6 /* reply to above */
168 #define DVMRP_NF_DOWN 0x10 /* kernel state of interface */
169 #define DVMRP_NF_DISABLED 0x20 /* administratively disabled */
170 #define MAX_IP_PACKET_LEN 576
171 #define MIN_IP_HEADER_LEN 20
172 #define MAX_IP_HEADER_LEN 60
173 #define MAX_DVMRP_DATA_LEN \
174 ( MAX_IP_PACKET_LEN - MAX_IP_HEADER_LEN - IGMP_MINLEN )
177 u_long qtime; /* Time query was issued */
178 u_long rtime; /* Time response was received */
179 int len; /* Number of reports or length of data */
180 struct igmp igmp; /* IGMP header */
183 struct tr_query q; /* Query/response header */
184 struct tr_resp r[MAXHOPS]; /* Per-hop reports */
186 char d[MAX_DVMRP_DATA_LEN]; /* Neighbor data */
194 char *names[MAXHOPS];
197 * In mrouted 3.3 and 3.4 (and in some Cisco IOS releases),
198 * cache entries can get deleted even if there is traffic
199 * flowing, which will reset the per-source/group counters.
201 #define BUG_RESET 0x01
204 * Also in mrouted 3.3 and 3.4, there's a bug in neighbor
205 * version processing which can cause them to believe that
206 * the neighbor is constantly resetting. This causes them
207 * to constantly delete all their state.
209 #define BUG_RESET2X 0x02
212 * Pre-3.7 mrouted's forget to byte-swap their reports.
214 #define BUG_SWAP 0x04
217 * Pre-3.9 mrouted's forgot a parenthesis in the htonl()
218 * on the time calculation so supply bogus times.
220 #define BUG_BOGUSTIME 0x08
222 #define BUG_NOPRINT (BUG_RESET | BUG_RESET2X)
224 int bugs[MAXHOPS]; /* List of bugs noticed at each hop */
228 struct resp_buf base, incr[2];
229 struct resp_buf *new, *prev;
233 char *names[MAXHOPS];
237 int timeout = DEFAULT_TIMEOUT;
238 int nqueries = DEFAULT_RETRIES;
242 int multicast = FALSE;
246 int tunstats = FALSE;
248 int extrahops = DEFAULT_EXTRAHOPS;
249 int printstats = TRUE;
255 u_int32 defgrp; /* Default group if not specified */
256 u_int32 query_cast; /* All routers multicast addr */
257 u_int32 resp_cast; /* Mtrace response multicast addr */
259 u_int32 lcl_addr = 0; /* This host address, in NET order */
260 u_int32 dst_netmask = 0; /* netmask to go with qdst */
263 * Query/response parameters, all initialized to zero and set later
264 * to default values or from options.
266 u_int32 qsrc = 0; /* Source address in the query */
267 u_int32 qgrp = 0; /* Group address in the query */
268 u_int32 qdst = 0; /* Destination (receiver) address in query */
269 u_char qno = 0; /* Max number of hops to query */
270 u_int32 raddr = 0; /* Address where response should be sent */
271 int qttl = 0; /* TTL for the query packet */
272 u_char rttl = 0; /* TTL for the response packet */
273 u_int32 gwy = 0; /* User-supplied last-hop router address */
274 u_int32 tdst = 0; /* Address where trace is sent (last-hop) */
276 char s1[19]; /* buffers to hold the string representations */
277 char s2[19]; /* of IP addresses, to be passed to inet_fmt() */
278 char s3[19]; /* or inet_fmts(). */
280 #if !(defined(BSD) && (BSD >= 199103))
283 extern char * sys_errlist[];
286 #define RECV_BUF_SIZE 8192
287 char *send_buf, *recv_buf;
289 u_int32 allrtrs_group;
290 char router_alert[4]; /* Router Alert IP Option */
295 char eol[4]; /* EOL IP Option */
296 int ip_addlen = 0; /* Workaround for Option bug #2 */
300 * max macro, with weird case to avoid conflicts
302 #define MaX(a,b) ((a) > (b) ? (a) : (b))
312 typedef int (*callback_t) __P((int, u_char *, int, struct igmp *, int,
313 struct sockaddr *, int *, struct timeval *));
315 void init_igmp __P((void));
316 void send_igmp __P((u_int32 src, u_int32 dst, int type,
317 int code, u_int32 group,
319 int inet_cksum __P((u_short *addr, u_int len));
320 void k_set_rcvbuf __P((int bufsize));
321 void k_hdr_include __P((int bool));
322 void k_set_ttl __P((int t));
323 void k_set_loop __P((int l));
324 void k_set_if __P((u_int32 ifa));
325 void k_join __P((u_int32 grp, u_int32 ifa));
326 void k_leave __P((u_int32 grp, u_int32 ifa));
327 char * inet_fmt __P((u_int32 addr, char *s));
328 char * inet_fmts __P((u_int32 addr, u_int32 mask, char *s));
329 char * inet_name __P((u_int32 addr));
330 u_int32 host_addr __P((char *name));
331 /* u_int is promoted u_char */
332 char * proto_type __P((u_int type));
333 char * flag_type __P((u_int type));
335 u_int32 get_netmask __P((int s, u_int32 *dst));
336 int get_ttl __P((struct resp_buf *buf));
337 int t_diff __P((u_long a, u_long b));
338 u_long byteswap __P((u_long v));
339 int mtrace_callback __P((int, u_char *, int, struct igmp *,
340 int, struct sockaddr *, int *,
342 int send_recv __P((u_int32 dst, int type, int code,
343 int tries, struct resp_buf *save,
344 callback_t callback));
345 void passive_mode __P((void));
346 char * print_host __P((u_int32 addr));
347 char * print_host2 __P((u_int32 addr1, u_int32 addr2));
348 void print_trace __P((int idx, struct resp_buf *buf,
350 int what_kind __P((struct resp_buf *buf, char *why));
351 char * scale __P((int *hop));
352 void stat_line __P((struct tr_resp *r, struct tr_resp *s,
353 int have_next, int *res));
354 void fixup_stats __P((struct resp_buf *base,
355 struct resp_buf *prev,
356 struct resp_buf *new,
358 int check_thresh __P((int thresh,
359 struct resp_buf *base,
360 struct resp_buf *prev,
361 struct resp_buf *new));
362 int print_stats __P((struct resp_buf *base,
363 struct resp_buf *prev,
364 struct resp_buf *new,
367 int path_changed __P((struct resp_buf *base,
368 struct resp_buf *new));
369 void check_vif_state __P((void));
371 int main __P((int argc, char *argv[]));
372 void log __P((int, int, char *, ...));
373 static void usage __P((void));
377 * Open and initialize the igmp socket, and fill in the non-changing
378 * IP header fields in the output packet buffer.
385 recv_buf = (char *)malloc(RECV_BUF_SIZE);
387 log(LOG_ERR, 0, "Out of memory allocating recv_buf!");
388 send_buf = (char *)malloc(RECV_BUF_SIZE);
390 log(LOG_ERR, 0, "Out of memory allocating send_buf!");
392 if ((igmp_socket = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_RAW, IPPROTO_IGMP)) < 0)
393 log(LOG_ERR, errno, "IGMP socket");
395 k_hdr_include(TRUE); /* include IP header when sending */
396 k_set_rcvbuf(48*1024); /* lots of input buffering */
397 k_set_ttl(1); /* restrict multicasts to one hop */
398 k_set_loop(FALSE); /* disable multicast loopback */
400 ip = (struct ip *)send_buf;
401 ip->ip_hl = sizeof(struct ip) >> 2;
402 ip->ip_v = IPVERSION;
405 ip->ip_p = IPPROTO_IGMP;
406 ip->ip_ttl = MAXTTL; /* applies to unicasts only */
408 #ifndef INADDR_ALLRTRS_GROUP
409 #define INADDR_ALLRTRS_GROUP 0xe0000002 /* 224.0.0.2 */
411 allrtrs_group = htonl(INADDR_ALLRTRS_GROUP);
413 router_alert[0] = IPOPT_RA; /* Router Alert */
414 router_alert[1] = 4; /* 4 bytes */
423 u_int32 localhost = htonl(0x7f000001);
430 setsockopt(igmp_socket, IPPROTO_IP, IP_OPTIONS, eol, sizeof(eol));
432 * Check if the kernel adds the options length to the packet
433 * length. Send myself an IGMP packet of type 0 (illegal),
434 * with 4 IPOPT_EOL options, my PID (for collision detection)
435 * and 4 bytes of zero (so that the checksum works whether
436 * the 4 bytes of zero get truncated or not).
438 bzero(send_buf + MIN_IP_HEADER_LEN + IGMP_MINLEN, 8);
439 *(int *)(send_buf + MIN_IP_HEADER_LEN + IGMP_MINLEN) = getpid();
440 send_igmp(localhost, localhost, 0, 0, 0, 8);
442 int recvlen, dummy = 0;
444 recvlen = recvfrom(igmp_socket, recv_buf, RECV_BUF_SIZE,
446 /* 8 == 4 bytes of options and 4 bytes of PID */
447 if (recvlen >= MIN_IP_HEADER_LEN + IGMP_MINLEN + 8) {
448 struct ip *ip = (struct ip *)recv_buf;
452 if (ip->ip_hl != 6 ||
453 ip->ip_p != IPPROTO_IGMP ||
454 ip->ip_src.s_addr != localhost ||
455 ip->ip_dst.s_addr != localhost)
458 igmp = (struct igmp *)(recv_buf + (ip->ip_hl << 2));
459 if (igmp->igmp_group.s_addr != 0)
461 if (igmp->igmp_type != 0 || igmp->igmp_code != 0)
464 p = (int *)((char *)igmp + IGMP_MINLEN);
468 #ifdef RAW_INPUT_IS_RAW
469 ip->ip_len = ntohs(ip->ip_len);
471 if (ip->ip_len == IGMP_MINLEN + 4)
473 else if (ip->ip_len == IGMP_MINLEN + 8)
476 log(LOG_ERR, 0, "while checking for Solaris bug: Sent %d bytes and got back %d!", IGMP_MINLEN + 8, ip->ip_len);
485 * Construct an IGMP message in the output packet buffer. The caller may
486 * have already placed data in that buffer, of length 'datalen'. Then send
487 * the message from the interface with IP address 'src' to destination 'dst'.
490 send_igmp(src, dst, type, code, group, datalen)
496 struct sockaddr_in sdst;
500 static int raset = 0;
504 ip = (struct ip *)send_buf;
505 ip->ip_src.s_addr = src;
506 ip->ip_dst.s_addr = dst;
507 ip->ip_len = MIN_IP_HEADER_LEN + IGMP_MINLEN + datalen;
508 sendlen = ip->ip_len;
510 ip->ip_len += ip_addlen;
512 #ifdef RAW_OUTPUT_IS_RAW
513 ip->ip_len = htons(ip->ip_len);
516 igmp = (struct igmp *)(send_buf + MIN_IP_HEADER_LEN);
517 igmp->igmp_type = type;
518 igmp->igmp_code = code;
519 igmp->igmp_group.s_addr = group;
520 igmp->igmp_cksum = 0;
521 igmp->igmp_cksum = inet_cksum((u_short *)igmp,
522 IGMP_MINLEN + datalen);
524 if (IN_MULTICAST(ntohl(dst))) {
528 if (dst != allrtrs_group)
532 if (sendopts && sendra && !raset) {
533 setsockopt(igmp_socket, IPPROTO_IP, IP_OPTIONS,
534 router_alert, sizeof(router_alert));
536 } else if (!sendra && raset) {
539 * SunOS5 < 5.6 cannot properly reset the IP_OPTIONS "socket"
540 * option. Instead, set up a string of 4 EOL's.
542 setsockopt(igmp_socket, IPPROTO_IP, IP_OPTIONS,
545 setsockopt(igmp_socket, IPPROTO_IP, IP_OPTIONS,
551 bzero(&sdst, sizeof(sdst));
552 sdst.sin_family = AF_INET;
553 #if (defined(BSD) && (BSD >= 199103))
554 sdst.sin_len = sizeof(sdst);
556 sdst.sin_addr.s_addr = dst;
557 if (sendto(igmp_socket, send_buf, sendlen, 0,
558 (struct sockaddr *)&sdst, sizeof(sdst)) < 0) {
559 log(LOG_WARNING, errno, "sendto to %s on %s",
560 inet_fmt(dst, s1), inet_fmt(src, s2));
566 log(LOG_DEBUG, 0, "SENT %s from %-15s to %s",
567 type == IGMP_MTRACE ? "mtrace request" : "ask_neighbors",
568 src == INADDR_ANY ? "INADDR_ANY" : inet_fmt(src, s1),
573 * inet_cksum extracted from:
578 * U. S. Army Ballistic Research Laboratory
580 * Modified at Uc Berkeley
583 * Public Domain. Distribution Unlimited.
587 * Checksum routine for Internet Protocol family headers (C Version)
591 inet_cksum(addr, len)
595 register int nleft = (int)len;
596 register u_short *w = addr;
598 register int sum = 0;
601 * Our algorithm is simple, using a 32 bit accumulator (sum),
602 * we add sequential 16 bit words to it, and at the end, fold
603 * back all the carry bits from the top 16 bits into the lower
611 /* mop up an odd byte, if necessary */
613 *(u_char *) (&answer) = *(u_char *)w ;
618 * add back carry outs from top 16 bits to low 16 bits
620 sum = (sum >> 16) + (sum & 0xffff); /* add hi 16 to low 16 */
621 sum += (sum >> 16); /* add carry */
622 answer = ~sum; /* truncate to 16 bits */
627 k_set_rcvbuf(bufsize)
630 if (setsockopt(igmp_socket, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF,
631 (char *)&bufsize, sizeof(bufsize)) < 0)
632 log(LOG_ERR, errno, "setsockopt SO_RCVBUF %u", bufsize);
641 if (setsockopt(igmp_socket, IPPROTO_IP, IP_HDRINCL,
642 (char *)&bool, sizeof(bool)) < 0)
643 log(LOG_ERR, errno, "setsockopt IP_HDRINCL %u", bool);
654 if (setsockopt(igmp_socket, IPPROTO_IP, IP_MULTICAST_TTL,
655 (char *)&ttl, sizeof(ttl)) < 0)
656 log(LOG_ERR, errno, "setsockopt IP_MULTICAST_TTL %u", ttl);
667 if (setsockopt(igmp_socket, IPPROTO_IP, IP_MULTICAST_LOOP,
668 (char *)&loop, sizeof(loop)) < 0)
669 log(LOG_ERR, errno, "setsockopt IP_MULTICAST_LOOP %u", loop);
679 if (setsockopt(igmp_socket, IPPROTO_IP, IP_MULTICAST_IF,
680 (char *)&adr, sizeof(adr)) < 0)
681 log(LOG_ERR, errno, "setsockopt IP_MULTICAST_IF %s",
692 mreq.imr_multiaddr.s_addr = grp;
693 mreq.imr_interface.s_addr = ifa;
695 if (setsockopt(igmp_socket, IPPROTO_IP, IP_ADD_MEMBERSHIP,
696 (char *)&mreq, sizeof(mreq)) < 0)
697 log(LOG_WARNING, errno, "can't join group %s on interface %s",
698 inet_fmt(grp, s1), inet_fmt(ifa, s2));
709 mreq.imr_multiaddr.s_addr = grp;
710 mreq.imr_interface.s_addr = ifa;
712 if (setsockopt(igmp_socket, IPPROTO_IP, IP_DROP_MEMBERSHIP,
713 (char *)&mreq, sizeof(mreq)) < 0)
714 log(LOG_WARNING, errno, "can't leave group %s on interface %s",
715 inet_fmt(grp, s1), inet_fmt(ifa, s2));
719 * Convert an IP address in u_long (network) format into a printable string.
729 sprintf(s, "%u.%u.%u.%u", a[0], a[1], a[2], a[3]);
735 * Convert an IP subnet number in u_long (network) format into a printable
736 * string including the netmask as a number of bits.
739 inet_fmts(addr, mask, s)
743 register u_char *a, *m;
746 if ((addr == 0) && (mask == 0)) {
747 sprintf(s, "default");
752 bits = 33 - ffs(ntohl(mask));
754 if (m[3] != 0) sprintf(s, "%u.%u.%u.%u/%d", a[0], a[1], a[2], a[3],
756 else if (m[2] != 0) sprintf(s, "%u.%u.%u/%d", a[0], a[1], a[2], bits);
757 else if (m[1] != 0) sprintf(s, "%u.%u/%d", a[0], a[1], bits);
758 else sprintf(s, "%u/%d", a[0], bits);
769 e = gethostbyaddr((char *)&addr, sizeof(addr), AF_INET);
771 return e ? e->h_name : "?";
779 struct hostent *e = (struct hostent *)0;
787 * Undo BSD's favor -- take fewer than 4 octets as net/subnet address
788 * if the name is all numeric.
790 for (i = sizeof(buf) - 7; i > 0; --i) {
791 if (*ip == '.') --dots;
792 else if (*ip == '\0') break;
793 else if (!isdigit(*ip)) dots = 0; /* Not numeric, don't add zeroes */
796 for (i = 0; i < dots; ++i) {
803 e = gethostbyname(name);
804 if (e && (e->h_length == sizeof(addr))) {
805 memcpy((char *)&addr, e->h_addr_list[0], e->h_length);
806 if (e->h_addr_list[1])
807 fprintf(stderr, "Warning: %s has multiple addresses, using %s\n",
808 name, inet_fmt(addr, s1));
810 addr = inet_addr(buf);
811 if (addr == -1 || (IN_MULTICAST(addr) && dots)) {
813 printf("Could not parse %s as host name or address\n", name);
835 case PROTO_PIM_SPECIAL:
836 return ("PIM/Special");
837 case PROTO_PIM_STATIC:
838 return ("PIM/Static");
839 case PROTO_DVMRP_STATIC:
840 return ("DVMRP/Static");
841 case PROTO_PIM_BGP4PLUS:
842 return ("PIM/BGP4+");
843 case PROTO_CBT_SPECIAL:
844 return ("CBT/Special");
845 case PROTO_CBT_STATIC:
846 return ("CBT/Static");
847 case PROTO_PIM_ASSERT:
848 return ("PIM/Assert");
852 (void) sprintf(buf, "Unknown protocol code %d", type);
868 return ("Wrong interface");
870 return ("Prune sent upstream");
872 return ("Output pruned");
874 return ("Hit scope boundary");
878 return ("Not forwarding");
880 return ("Reached RP/Core");
882 return ("RPF Interface");
884 return ("Multicast disabled");
886 return ("Next router no mtrace");
888 return ("No space in packet");
889 case TR_ADMIN_PROHIB:
890 return ("Admin. Prohibited");
892 (void) sprintf(buf, "Unknown error code %d", type);
898 * If destination is on a local net, get the netmask, else set the
899 * netmask to all ones. There are two side effects: if the local
900 * address was not explicitly set, and if the destination is on a
901 * local net, use that one; in either case, verify that the local
911 struct ifreq *ifrp, *ifend;
912 u_int32 if_addr, if_mask;
913 u_int32 retval = 0xFFFFFFFF;
917 ifc.ifc_len = num_ifreq * sizeof(struct ifreq);
918 ifc.ifc_buf = malloc(ifc.ifc_len);
919 while (ifc.ifc_buf) {
920 if (ioctl(s, SIOCGIFCONF, (char *)&ifc) < 0) {
921 perror("ioctl SIOCGIFCONF");
926 * If the buffer was large enough to hold all the addresses
927 * then break out, otherwise increase the buffer size and
930 * The only way to know that we definitely had enough space
931 * is to know that there was enough space for at least one
932 * more struct ifreq. ???
934 if ((num_ifreq * sizeof(struct ifreq)) >=
935 ifc.ifc_len + sizeof(struct ifreq))
939 ifc.ifc_len = num_ifreq * sizeof(struct ifreq);
940 ifc.ifc_buf = realloc(ifc.ifc_buf, ifc.ifc_len);
942 if (ifc.ifc_buf == NULL) {
943 fprintf(stderr, "getting interface list: ran out of memory");
947 ifrp = (struct ifreq *)ifc.ifc_buf;
948 ifend = (struct ifreq *)(ifc.ifc_buf + ifc.ifc_len);
950 * Loop through all of the interfaces.
952 for (; ifrp < ifend && !found; ifrp = (struct ifreq *)((char *)ifrp + n)) {
954 n = ifrp->ifr_addr.sa_len + sizeof(ifrp->ifr_name);
955 if (n < sizeof(*ifrp))
961 * Ignore any interface for an address family other than IP.
963 if (ifrp->ifr_addr.sa_family != AF_INET)
966 if_addr = ((struct sockaddr_in *)&(ifrp->ifr_addr))->sin_addr.s_addr;
967 if (ioctl(s, SIOCGIFFLAGS, (char *)ifrp) < 0) {
968 fprintf(stderr, "SIOCGIFFLAGS on ");
969 perror(ifrp->ifr_name);
972 if ((ifrp->ifr_flags & (IFF_MULTICAST|IFF_UP|IFF_LOOPBACK)) !=
973 (IFF_MULTICAST|IFF_UP))
977 if (ioctl(s, SIOCGIFNETMASK, (char *)ifrp) >= 0) {
978 if_mask = ((struct sockaddr_in *)&(ifrp->ifr_addr))->sin_addr.s_addr;
979 if (if_mask != 0 && (*dst & if_mask) == (if_addr & if_mask)) {
981 if (lcl_addr == 0) lcl_addr = if_addr; /* XXX what about aliases? */
984 if (lcl_addr == if_addr) found = TRUE;
986 if (!found && lcl_addr != 0) {
987 printf("Interface address is not valid\n");
995 * Try to pick a TTL that will get past all the thresholds in the path.
999 struct resp_buf *buf;
1005 if (buf && (rno = buf->len) > 0) {
1006 b = buf->resps + rno - 1;
1011 if (ttl < b->tr_fttl) ttl = b->tr_fttl;
1014 ttl += MULTICAST_TTL_INC;
1015 if (ttl < MULTICAST_TTL1) ttl = MULTICAST_TTL1;
1016 if (ttl > MULTICAST_TTL_MAX) ttl = MULTICAST_TTL_MAX;
1018 } else return(MULTICAST_TTL1);
1022 * Calculate the difference between two 32-bit NTP timestamps and return
1023 * the result in milliseconds.
1031 return ((d * 125) >> 13);
1035 * Swap bytes for poor little-endian machines that don't byte-swap
1041 return ((v << 24) | ((v & 0xff00) << 8) |
1042 ((v >> 8) & 0xff00) | (v >> 24));
1047 * XXX incomplete - need private callback data, too?
1048 * XXX since dst doesn't get passed through?
1051 neighbors_callback(tmo, buf, buflen, igmp, igmplen, addr, addrlen, ts)
1057 struct sockaddr *addr;
1063 struct ip *ip = (struct ip *)buf;
1068 if (igmp->igmp_code != DVMRP_NEIGHBORS2)
1072 * Accept DVMRP_NEIGHBORS2 response if it comes from the
1073 * address queried or if that address is one of the local
1074 * addresses in the response.
1076 if (ip->ip_src.s_addr != dst) {
1077 u_int32 *p = (u_int32 *)(igmp + 1);
1078 u_int32 *ep = p + (len >> 2);
1080 u_int32 laddr = *p++;
1081 int n = ntohl(*p++) & 0xFF;
1083 ep = p + 1; /* ensure p < ep after loop */
1096 mtrace_callback(tmo, buf, buflen, igmp, igmplen, addr, addrlen, ts)
1102 struct sockaddr *addr;
1106 static u_char *savbuf = NULL;
1107 static int savbuflen;
1108 static struct sockaddr *savaddr;
1109 static int savaddrlen;
1110 static struct timeval savts;
1112 int len = (igmplen - QLEN) / RLEN;
1113 struct tr_resp *r = (struct tr_resp *)((struct tr_query *)(igmp + 1) + 1);
1117 * If we timed out with a packet saved, then return that packet.
1118 * send_recv won't send this same packet to the callback again.
1121 bcopy(savbuf, buf, savbuflen);
1124 bcopy(savaddr, addr, savaddrlen);
1126 *addrlen = savaddrlen;
1127 bcopy(&savts, ts, sizeof(savts));
1138 * Check for IOS bug described in CSCdi68628, where a router that does
1139 * not have multicast enabled responds to an mtrace request with a 1-hop
1142 * If there is only one hop reported in the packet,
1143 * And the protocol code is 0,
1144 * And there is no previous hop,
1145 * And the forwarding information is "Not Forwarding",
1146 * And the router is not on the same subnet as the destination of the
1148 * then drop this packet. The "#if 0"'d code saves it and returns
1149 * it on timeout, but timeouts are too common (e.g. routers with
1150 * limited unicast routing tables, etc).
1152 if (len == 1 && r->tr_rproto == 0 && r->tr_rmtaddr == 0 &&
1153 r->tr_rflags == TR_NO_FWD) {
1156 VAL_TO_MASK(smask, r->tr_smask);
1157 if ((r->tr_outaddr & smask) != (qdst & smask)) {
1159 /* XXX should do this silently? */
1160 fprintf(stderr, "mtrace: probably IOS-buggy packet from %s\n",
1161 inet_fmt(((struct sockaddr_in *)addr)->sin_addr.s_addr, s1));
1162 /* Save the packet to return if a timeout occurs. */
1163 savbuf = (u_char *)malloc(buflen);
1164 if (savbuf != NULL) {
1165 bcopy(buf, savbuf, buflen);
1167 savaddr = (struct sockaddr *)malloc(*addrlen);
1168 if (savaddr != NULL) {
1169 bcopy(addr, savaddr, *addrlen);
1170 savaddrlen = *addrlen;
1171 bcopy(ts, &savts, sizeof(savts));
1185 send_recv(dst, type, code, tries, save, callback)
1187 int type, code, tries;
1188 struct resp_buf *save;
1189 callback_t callback;
1192 struct timeval tq, tr, tv;
1195 struct tr_query *query, *rquery;
1197 struct sockaddr_in recvaddr;
1198 u_int32 local, group;
1199 int ipdatalen, iphdrlen, igmpdatalen;
1201 int count, recvlen, socklen = sizeof(recvaddr);
1205 if (type == IGMP_MTRACE) {
1207 datalen = sizeof(struct tr_query);
1209 group = htonl(0xff03);
1212 if (IN_MULTICAST(ntohl(dst))) local = lcl_addr;
1213 else local = INADDR_ANY;
1216 * If the reply address was not explictly specified, start off
1217 * with the standard multicast reply address, or the unicast
1218 * address of this host if the unicast flag was specified.
1219 * Then, if there is no response after trying half the tries
1220 * with multicast, switch to the unicast address of this host
1221 * if the multicast flag was not specified. If the TTL was
1222 * also not specified, set a multicast TTL and increase it
1225 query = (struct tr_query *)(send_buf + MIN_IP_HEADER_LEN + IGMP_MINLEN);
1226 query->tr_raddr = raddr ? raddr : unicast ? lcl_addr : resp_cast;
1227 TR_SETTTL(query->tr_rttlqid, rttl ? rttl :
1228 IN_MULTICAST(ntohl(query->tr_raddr)) ? get_ttl(save) : UNICAST_TTL);
1229 query->tr_src = qsrc;
1230 query->tr_dst = qdst;
1232 for (i = tries ; i > 0; --i) {
1235 if (tries == nqueries && raddr == 0) {
1236 if (i == (nqueries >> 1)) {
1237 if (multicast && unicast) {
1238 query->tr_raddr = resp_cast;
1240 TR_SETTTL(query->tr_rttlqid, get_ttl(save));
1241 } else if (!multicast) {
1242 query->tr_raddr = lcl_addr;
1243 TR_SETTTL(query->tr_rttlqid, UNICAST_TTL);
1246 if (i < tries && IN_MULTICAST(ntohl(query->tr_raddr)) &&
1248 TR_SETTTL(query->tr_rttlqid,
1249 TR_GETTTL(query->tr_rttlqid) + MULTICAST_TTL_INC);
1250 if (TR_GETTTL(query->tr_rttlqid) > MULTICAST_TTL_MAX)
1251 TR_SETTTL(query->tr_rttlqid, MULTICAST_TTL_MAX);
1256 * Change the qid for each request sent to avoid being confused
1257 * by duplicate responses
1259 oqid = TR_GETQID(query->tr_rttlqid);
1261 TR_SETQID(query->tr_rttlqid, staticqid);
1264 TR_SETQID(query->tr_rttlqid, ((u_int32)lrand48() >> 8));
1266 TR_SETQID(query->tr_rttlqid, ((u_int32)arc4random() >> 8));
1270 * Set timer to calculate delays, then send query
1272 gettimeofday(&tq, 0);
1273 send_igmp(local, dst, type, code, group, datalen);
1276 * Wait for response, discarding false alarms
1280 FD_SET(igmp_socket, &fds);
1281 gettimeofday(&tv, 0);
1282 tv.tv_sec = tq.tv_sec + timeout - tv.tv_sec;
1283 tv.tv_usec = tq.tv_usec - tv.tv_usec;
1284 if (tv.tv_usec < 0) tv.tv_usec += 1000000L, --tv.tv_sec;
1285 if (tv.tv_sec < 0) tv.tv_sec = tv.tv_usec = 0;
1287 count = select(igmp_socket + 1, &fds, (fd_set *)0, (fd_set *)0,
1291 if (errno != EINTR) warn("select");
1293 } else if (count == 0) {
1295 * Timed out. Notify the callback.
1297 if (!callback || (recvlen = (callback)(1, recv_buf, 0, NULL, 0, (struct sockaddr *)&recvaddr, &socklen, &tr)) == 0) {
1304 * Data is available on the socket, so read it.
1306 gettimeofday(&tr, 0);
1307 recvlen = recvfrom(igmp_socket, recv_buf, RECV_BUF_SIZE,
1308 0, (struct sockaddr *)&recvaddr, &socklen);
1312 if (recvlen && errno != EINTR) warn("recvfrom");
1316 if (recvlen < sizeof(struct ip)) {
1317 warnx("packet too short (%u bytes) for IP header", recvlen);
1320 ip = (struct ip *) recv_buf;
1321 if (ip->ip_p == 0) /* ignore cache creation requests */
1324 iphdrlen = ip->ip_hl << 2;
1325 #ifdef RAW_INPUT_IS_RAW
1326 ipdatalen = ntohs(ip->ip_len);
1328 ipdatalen = ip->ip_len;
1330 if (iphdrlen + ipdatalen != recvlen) {
1331 warnx("packet shorter (%u bytes) than hdr+data len (%u+%u)",
1332 recvlen, iphdrlen, ipdatalen);
1336 igmp = (struct igmp *) (recv_buf + iphdrlen);
1337 igmpdatalen = ipdatalen - IGMP_MINLEN;
1338 if (igmpdatalen < 0) {
1339 warnx("IP data field too short (%u bytes) for IGMP from %s",
1340 ipdatalen, inet_fmt(ip->ip_src.s_addr, s1));
1344 switch (igmp->igmp_type) {
1347 if (type != IGMP_DVMRP || code != DVMRP_ASK_NEIGHBORS2)
1349 if (igmp->igmp_code != DVMRP_NEIGHBORS2) continue;
1352 * Accept DVMRP_NEIGHBORS2 response if it comes from the
1353 * address queried or if that address is one of the local
1354 * addresses in the response.
1356 if (ip->ip_src.s_addr != dst) {
1357 u_int32 *p = (u_int32 *)(igmp + 1);
1358 u_int32 *ep = p + (len >> 2);
1360 u_int32 laddr = *p++;
1361 int n = ntohl(*p++) & 0xFF;
1363 ep = p + 1; /* ensure p < ep after loop */
1368 if (p >= ep) continue;
1372 case IGMP_MTRACE: /* For backward compatibility with 3.3 */
1373 case IGMP_MTRACE_RESP:
1374 if (type != IGMP_MTRACE) continue;
1375 if (igmpdatalen <= QLEN) continue;
1376 if ((igmpdatalen - QLEN)%RLEN) {
1377 printf("packet with incomplete responses (%d bytes)\n",
1383 * Ignore responses that don't match query.
1385 rquery = (struct tr_query *)(igmp + 1);
1386 if (rquery->tr_src != qsrc || rquery->tr_dst != qdst)
1388 if (TR_GETQID(rquery->tr_rttlqid) !=
1389 TR_GETQID(query->tr_rttlqid)) {
1390 if (verbose && TR_GETQID(rquery->tr_rttlqid) == oqid)
1394 len = (igmpdatalen - QLEN)/RLEN;
1395 r = (struct tr_resp *)(rquery+1) + len - 1;
1398 * Ignore trace queries passing through this node when
1399 * mtrace is run on an mrouter that is in the path
1400 * (needed only because IGMP_MTRACE is accepted above
1401 * for backward compatibility with multicast release 3.3).
1403 if (igmp->igmp_type == IGMP_MTRACE) {
1406 VAL_TO_MASK(smask, r->tr_smask);
1407 if (len < code && (r->tr_inaddr & smask) != (qsrc & smask)
1408 && r->tr_rmtaddr != 0 && !(r->tr_rflags & 0x80))
1412 * Some routers will return error messages without
1413 * filling in their addresses. We fill in the address
1416 if (r->tr_outaddr == 0)
1417 r->tr_outaddr = recvaddr.sin_addr.s_addr;
1420 * A match, we'll keep this one.
1423 warnx("num hops received (%d) exceeds request (%d)",
1426 rquery->tr_raddr = query->tr_raddr; /* Insure these are */
1427 TR_SETTTL(rquery->tr_rttlqid, TR_GETTTL(query->tr_rttlqid));
1428 /* as we sent them */
1436 * We're pretty sure we want to use this packet now,
1437 * but if the caller gave a callback function, it might
1438 * want to handle it instead. Give the callback a chance,
1439 * unless the select timed out (in which case the only way
1440 * to get here is because the callback returned a packet).
1442 if (callback && (count != 0) && ((callback)(0, recv_buf, recvlen, igmp, igmpdatalen, (struct sockaddr*)&recvaddr, &socklen, &tr)) == 0) {
1444 * The callback function didn't like this packet.
1445 * Go try receiving another one.
1451 * Most of the sanity checking done at this point.
1452 * Return this packet we have been waiting for.
1455 save->qtime = ((tq.tv_sec + JAN_1970) << 16) +
1456 (tq.tv_usec << 10) / 15625;
1457 save->rtime = ((tr.tv_sec + JAN_1970) << 16) +
1458 (tr.tv_usec << 10) / 15625;
1460 bcopy((char *)igmp, (char *)&save->igmp, ipdatalen);
1469 * Most of this code is duplicated elsewhere. I'm not sure if
1470 * the duplication is absolutely required or not.
1472 * Ideally, this would keep track of ongoing statistics
1473 * collection and print out statistics. (& keep track
1474 * of h-b-h traces and only print the longest) For now,
1475 * it just snoops on what traces it can.
1485 struct sockaddr_in recvaddr;
1489 int ipdatalen, iphdrlen, igmpdatalen;
1493 struct mtrace *remembered = NULL, *m, *n, **nn;
1497 if (IN_MULTICAST(ntohl(raddr))) k_join(raddr, lcl_addr);
1498 } else k_join(htonl(0xE0000120), lcl_addr);
1501 fflush(stdout); /* make sure previous trace is flushed */
1503 socklen = sizeof(recvaddr);
1504 recvlen = recvfrom(igmp_socket, recv_buf, RECV_BUF_SIZE,
1505 0, (struct sockaddr *)&recvaddr, &socklen);
1506 gettimeofday(&tr,0);
1509 if (recvlen && errno != EINTR) warn("recvfrom");
1513 if (recvlen < sizeof(struct ip)) {
1514 warnx("packet too short (%u bytes) for IP header", recvlen);
1517 ip = (struct ip *) recv_buf;
1518 if (ip->ip_p == 0) /* ignore cache creation requests */
1521 iphdrlen = ip->ip_hl << 2;
1522 #ifdef RAW_INPUT_IS_RAW
1523 ipdatalen = ntohs(ip->ip_len);
1525 ipdatalen = ip->ip_len;
1527 if (iphdrlen + ipdatalen != recvlen) {
1528 warnx("packet shorter (%u bytes) than hdr+data len (%u+%u)",
1529 recvlen, iphdrlen, ipdatalen);
1533 igmp = (struct igmp *) (recv_buf + iphdrlen);
1534 igmpdatalen = ipdatalen - IGMP_MINLEN;
1535 if (igmpdatalen < 0) {
1536 warnx("IP data field too short (%u bytes) for IGMP from %s",
1537 ipdatalen, inet_fmt(ip->ip_src.s_addr, s1));
1541 switch (igmp->igmp_type) {
1543 case IGMP_MTRACE: /* For backward compatibility with 3.3 */
1544 case IGMP_MTRACE_RESP:
1545 if (igmpdatalen < QLEN) continue;
1546 if ((igmpdatalen - QLEN)%RLEN) {
1547 printf("packet with incorrect datalen\n");
1551 len = (igmpdatalen - QLEN)/RLEN;
1559 base.qtime = ((tr.tv_sec + JAN_1970) << 16) +
1560 (tr.tv_usec << 10) / 15625;
1561 base.rtime = ((tr.tv_sec + JAN_1970) << 16) +
1562 (tr.tv_usec << 10) / 15625;
1564 bcopy((char *)igmp, (char *)&base.igmp, ipdatalen);
1566 * If the user specified which traces to monitor,
1567 * only accept traces that correspond to the
1570 if ((qsrc != 0 && qsrc != base.qhdr.tr_src) ||
1571 (qdst != 0 && qdst != base.qhdr.tr_dst) ||
1572 (qgrp != 0 && qgrp != igmp->igmp_group.s_addr))
1575 /* XXX This should be a hash table */
1576 /* XXX garbage-collection should be more efficient */
1577 for (nn = &remembered, n = *nn, m = 0; n; n = *nn) {
1578 if ((n->base.qhdr.tr_src == base.qhdr.tr_src) &&
1579 (n->base.qhdr.tr_dst == base.qhdr.tr_dst) &&
1580 (n->base.igmp.igmp_group.s_addr == igmp->igmp_group.s_addr)) {
1584 if (tr.tv_sec - n->last.tv_sec > 500) { /* XXX don't hardcode */
1593 now = localtime(&tr_sec);
1594 strftime(timebuf, sizeof(timebuf) - 1, "%b %e %k:%M:%S", now);
1595 printf("Mtrace %s at %s",
1596 len == 0 ? "query" :
1597 igmp->igmp_type == IGMP_MTRACE_RESP ? "response" :
1601 printf(" by %s", inet_fmt(recvaddr.sin_addr.s_addr, s1));
1602 if (!IN_MULTICAST(base.qhdr.tr_raddr))
1603 printf(", resp to %s", (len == 0 && recvaddr.sin_addr.s_addr == base.qhdr.tr_raddr) ? "same" : inet_fmt(base.qhdr.tr_raddr, s1));
1605 printf(", respttl %d", TR_GETTTL(base.qhdr.tr_rttlqid));
1606 printf(", qid %06x\n", qid = TR_GETQID(base.qhdr.tr_rttlqid));
1607 printf("packet from %s to %s\n",
1608 inet_fmt(ip->ip_src.s_addr, s1),
1609 inet_fmt(ip->ip_dst.s_addr, s2));
1611 printf("from %s to %s via group %s (mxhop=%d)\n",
1612 inet_fmt(base.qhdr.tr_dst, s1), inet_fmt(base.qhdr.tr_src, s2),
1613 inet_fmt(igmp->igmp_group.s_addr, s3), igmp->igmp_code);
1618 r = base.resps + base.len - 1;
1620 * Some routers will return error messages without
1621 * filling in their addresses. We fill in the address
1624 if (r->tr_outaddr == 0)
1625 r->tr_outaddr = recvaddr.sin_addr.s_addr;
1628 * If there was a previous trace, it see if this is a
1629 * statistics candidate.
1631 if (m && base.len == m->base.len &&
1632 !(pc = path_changed(&m->base, &base))) {
1634 * Some mtrace responders send multiple copies of the same
1635 * reply. Skip this packet if it's got the same query-id
1638 if (m->lastqid == qid) {
1639 printf("Skipping duplicate reply\n");
1647 bcopy(&base, m->new, sizeof(base));
1649 printf("Results after %d seconds:\n\n",
1650 (int)((m->new->qtime - m->base.qtime) >> 16));
1651 fixup_stats(&m->base, m->prev, m->new, m->bugs);
1652 print_stats(&m->base, m->prev, m->new, m->bugs, m->names);
1654 m->new = &m->incr[(m->nresp & 1)];
1660 m = (struct mtrace *)malloc(sizeof(struct mtrace));
1662 fprintf(stderr, "Out of memory!\n");
1665 bzero(m, sizeof(struct mtrace));
1666 m->next = remembered;
1668 bcopy(&tr, &m->last, sizeof(tr));
1671 /* Either it's a hop-by-hop in progress, or the path changed. */
1673 printf("[Path Changed...]\n");
1674 bzero(m->bugs, sizeof(m->bugs));
1676 bcopy(&base, &m->base, sizeof(base));
1678 m->new = &m->incr[0];
1682 print_host(base.qhdr.tr_dst);
1684 print_trace(1, &base, m->names);
1685 VAL_TO_MASK(smask, r->tr_smask);
1686 if ((r->tr_inaddr & smask) == (base.qhdr.tr_src & smask)) {
1687 printf("%3d ", -(base.len+1));
1688 print_host(base.qhdr.tr_src);
1690 } else if (r->tr_rmtaddr != 0) {
1691 printf("%3d ", -(base.len+1));
1692 print_host(r->tr_rmtaddr);
1693 printf(" %s\n", r->tr_rflags == TR_OLD_ROUTER ?
1694 "doesn't support mtrace"
1695 : "is the next hop");
1705 return print_host2(addr, 0);
1709 * On some routers, one interface has a name and the other doesn't.
1710 * We always print the address of the outgoing interface, but can
1711 * sometimes get the name from the incoming interface. This might be
1712 * confusing but should be slightly more helpful than just a "?".
1715 print_host2(addr1, addr2)
1716 u_int32 addr1, addr2;
1721 printf("%s", inet_fmt(addr1, s1));
1724 name = inet_name(addr1);
1725 if (*name == '?' && *(name + 1) == '\0' && addr2 != 0)
1726 name = inet_name(addr2);
1727 printf("%s (%s)", name, inet_fmt(addr1, s1));
1732 * Print responses as received (reverse path from dst to src)
1735 print_trace(idx, buf, names)
1737 struct resp_buf *buf;
1747 r = buf->resps + i - 1;
1749 for (; i <= buf->len; ++i, ++r) {
1750 if (idx > 0) printf("%3d ", -i);
1751 name = print_host2(r->tr_outaddr, r->tr_inaddr);
1752 if (r->tr_rflags != TR_NO_RTE)
1753 printf(" %s thresh^ %d", proto_type(r->tr_rproto), r->tr_fttl);
1755 hop = t_diff(ntohl(r->tr_qarr), buf->qtime);
1757 printf(" %d%s", hop, ms);
1759 printf(" %s", flag_type(r->tr_rflags));
1760 if (i > 1 && r->tr_outaddr != (r-1)->tr_rmtaddr) {
1762 print_host((r-1)->tr_rmtaddr);
1764 if (r->tr_rflags != TR_NO_RTE) {
1765 if (r->tr_smask <= 1) /* MASK_TO_VAL() returns 1 for default */
1766 printf(" [default]");
1770 VAL_TO_MASK(smask, r->tr_smask);
1771 printf(" [%s]", inet_fmts(buf->qhdr.tr_src & smask,
1778 names[i-1]=malloc(strlen(name) + 1);
1779 strcpy(names[i-1], name);
1784 * See what kind of router is the next hop
1788 struct resp_buf *buf;
1793 int hops = buf->len;
1794 struct tr_resp *r = buf->resps + hops - 1;
1795 u_int32 next = r->tr_rmtaddr;
1797 retval = send_recv(next, IGMP_DVMRP, DVMRP_ASK_NEIGHBORS2, 1, &incr[0], NULL);
1800 u_int32 version = ntohl(incr[0].igmp.igmp_group.s_addr);
1801 u_int32 *p = (u_int32 *)incr[0].ndata;
1802 u_int32 *ep = p + (incr[0].len >> 2);
1803 char *type = "version ";
1806 switch (version & 0xFF) {
1808 type = "proteon/mrouted ";
1816 printf(" [%s%d.%d] %s\n",
1817 type, version & 0xFF, (version >> 8) & 0xFF,
1819 VAL_TO_MASK(smask, r->tr_smask);
1821 u_int32 laddr = *p++;
1822 int flags = (ntohl(*p) & 0xFF00) >> 8;
1823 int n = ntohl(*p++) & 0xFF;
1824 if (!(flags & (DVMRP_NF_DOWN | DVMRP_NF_DISABLED)) &&
1825 (laddr & smask) == (qsrc & smask)) {
1826 printf("%3d ", -(hops+2));
1835 printf(" %s\n", why);
1844 if (*hop > -1000 && *hop < 10000) return (" ms");
1846 if (*hop > -1000 && *hop < 10000) return (" s ");
1851 * Calculate and print one line of packet loss and packet rate statistics.
1852 * Checks for count of all ones from mrouted 2.3 that doesn't have counters.
1859 stat_line(r, s, have_next, rst)
1860 struct tr_resp *r, *s;
1864 int timediff = (ntohl(s->tr_qarr) - ntohl(r->tr_qarr)) >> 16;
1867 int v_out = ntohl(s->tr_vifout) - ntohl(r->tr_vifout);
1868 int g_out = ntohl(s->tr_pktcnt) - ntohl(r->tr_pktcnt);
1870 char v_str[8], g_str[8];
1871 int vhave = NEITHER;
1872 int ghave = NEITHER;
1873 int gmissing = NEITHER;
1877 if (timediff == 0) {
1879 /* Might be 32 bits of int seconds instead of 16int+16frac */
1880 timediff = ntohl(s->tr_qarr) - ntohl(r->tr_qarr);
1881 if (timediff == 0 || abs(timediff - statint) > statint)
1884 v_pps = v_out / timediff;
1885 g_pps = g_out / timediff;
1887 #define STATS_MISSING(x) ((x) == 0xFFFFFFFF)
1889 if (!STATS_MISSING(s->tr_vifout) && !STATS_MISSING(r->tr_vifout))
1891 if (STATS_MISSING(s->tr_pktcnt) || STATS_MISSING(r->tr_pktcnt))
1893 if (!(*rst & BUG_NOPRINT))
1898 if (!STATS_MISSING(s->tr_vifin) && !STATS_MISSING(r->tr_vifin))
1900 if (STATS_MISSING(s->tr_pktcnt) || STATS_MISSING(r->tr_pktcnt))
1902 if (!(*rst & BUG_NOPRINT))
1907 * Stats can be missing for any number of reasons:
1908 * - The hop may not be capable of collecting stats
1909 * - Traffic may be getting dropped at the previous hop
1910 * and so this hop may not have any state
1912 * We need a stronger heuristic to tell between these
1913 * two cases; in case 1 we don't want to print the stats
1914 * and in case 2 we want to print 100% loss. We used to
1915 * err on the side of not printing, which is less useful
1916 * than printing 100% loss and dealing with it.
1920 * If both hops report as missing, then it's likely that there's just
1921 * no traffic flowing.
1923 * If just one hop is missing, then we really don't have it.
1925 if (gmissing != BOTH)
1929 whochar = have_next ? '^' : ' ';
1932 v_lost = v_out - (ntohl(s->tr_vifin) - ntohl(r->tr_vifin));
1933 if (v_out) v_pct = v_lost * 100 / v_out;
1935 if (-20 < v_pct && v_pct < 101 && v_out > 10)
1936 sprintf(v_str, "%3d%%", v_pct);
1937 else if (v_pct < -900 && v_out > 10)
1938 sprintf(v_str, "%3dx", (int)(-v_pct / 100. + 1.));
1939 else if (v_pct <= -20 && v_out > 10)
1940 sprintf(v_str, "%1.1fx", -v_pct / 100. + 1.);
1942 memcpy(v_str, " -- ", 5);
1945 printf("%6d/%-5d=%s", v_lost, v_out, v_str);
1948 printf("%4d pps", v_pps);
1949 if (v_pps && badtime)
1955 v_out = ntohl(s->tr_vifin) - ntohl(r->tr_vifin);
1956 v_pps = v_out / timediff;
1962 printf(" %c%-5d ", whochar, v_out);
1964 printf(" %c", whochar);
1965 printf("%4d pps", v_pps);
1966 if (v_pps && badtime)
1972 if (ghave != NEITHER)
1981 whochar = have_next ? '^' : ' ';
1984 g_lost = g_out - (ntohl(s->tr_pktcnt) - ntohl(r->tr_pktcnt));
1985 if (g_out) g_pct = g_lost * 100 / g_out;
1987 if (-20 < g_pct && g_pct < 101 && g_out > 10)
1988 sprintf(g_str, "%3d%%", g_pct);
1989 else if (g_pct < -900 && g_out > 10)
1990 sprintf(g_str, "%3dx", (int)(-g_pct / 100. + 1.));
1991 else if (g_pct <= -20 && g_out > 10)
1992 sprintf(g_str, "%1.1fx", -g_pct / 100. + 1.);
1994 memcpy(g_str, " -- ", 5);
1996 printf("%s%6d/%-5d=%s%4d pps",
1997 tunstats ? "" : " ", g_lost, g_out, g_str, g_pps);
1998 if (g_pps && badtime)
2005 g_out = ntohl(s->tr_pktcnt) - ntohl(r->tr_pktcnt);
2006 g_pps = g_out / timediff;
2012 printf("%s ?/%-5d %4d pps",
2013 tunstats ? "" : " ", g_out, g_pps);
2027 printf("\t\t\t\tv_in: %ld ", (long)ntohl(s->tr_vifin));
2028 printf("v_out: %ld ", (long)ntohl(s->tr_vifout));
2029 printf("pkts: %ld\n", (long)ntohl(s->tr_pktcnt));
2030 printf("\t\t\t\tv_in: %ld ", (long)ntohl(r->tr_vifin));
2031 printf("v_out: %ld ", (long)ntohl(r->tr_vifout));
2032 printf("pkts: %ld\n", (long)ntohl(r->tr_pktcnt));
2033 printf("\t\t\t\tv_in: %ld ",
2034 (long)(ntohl(s->tr_vifin) - ntohl(r->tr_vifin)));
2035 printf("v_out: %ld ",
2036 (long)(ntohl(s->tr_vifout) - ntohl(r->tr_vifout)));
2037 printf("pkts: %ld ", (long)(ntohl(s->tr_pktcnt) - ntohl(r->tr_pktcnt)));
2038 printf("time: %d\n", timediff);
2039 printf("\t\t\t\treset: %x hoptime: %lx\n", *rst, ntohl(s->tr_qarr));
2044 * A fixup to check if any pktcnt has been reset, and to fix the
2045 * byteorder bugs in mrouted 3.6 on little-endian machines.
2047 * XXX Since periodic traffic sources are likely to have their
2048 * pktcnt periodically reset, should we save old values when
2049 * the reset occurs to keep slightly better statistics over
2050 * the long term? (e.g. SAP)
2053 fixup_stats(base, prev, new, bugs)
2054 struct resp_buf *base, *prev, *new;
2057 int rno = base->len;
2058 struct tr_resp *b = base->resps + rno;
2059 struct tr_resp *p = prev->resps + rno;
2060 struct tr_resp *n = new->resps + rno;
2061 int *r = bugs + rno;
2065 /* Check for byte-swappers. Only check on the first trace,
2066 * since long-running traces can wrap around and falsely trigger. */
2067 while (--rno >= 0) {
2069 u_int32 nvifout = ntohl(n->tr_vifout);
2070 u_int32 pvifout = ntohl(p->tr_vifout);
2073 #ifdef TEST_ONLY /*XXX this is still buggy, so disable it for release */
2074 if ((*r & BUG_SWAP) ||
2076 (nvifout - pvifout) > (byteswap(nvifout) - byteswap(pvifout)))) {
2077 if (1 || debug > 2) {
2078 printf("ip %s swaps; b %08x p %08x n %08x\n",
2079 inet_fmt(n->tr_inaddr, s1),
2080 ntohl(b->tr_vifout), pvifout, nvifout);
2082 /* This host sends byteswapped reports; swap 'em */
2083 if (!(*r & BUG_SWAP)) {
2085 b->tr_qarr = byteswap(b->tr_qarr);
2086 b->tr_vifin = byteswap(b->tr_vifin);
2087 b->tr_vifout = byteswap(b->tr_vifout);
2088 b->tr_pktcnt = byteswap(b->tr_pktcnt);
2091 n->tr_qarr = byteswap(n->tr_qarr);
2092 n->tr_vifin = byteswap(n->tr_vifin);
2093 n->tr_vifout = byteswap(n->tr_vifout);
2094 n->tr_pktcnt = byteswap(n->tr_pktcnt);
2098 * A missing parenthesis in mrouted 3.5-3.8's prune.c
2099 * causes extremely bogus time diff's.
2100 * One half of the time calculation was
2101 * inside an htonl() and one half wasn't. Therefore, on
2102 * a little-endian machine, both halves of the calculation
2103 * would get added together in the little end. Thus, the
2104 * low-order 2 bytes are either 0000 (no overflow) or
2105 * 0100 (overflow from the addition).
2107 * Odds are against these particular bit patterns
2108 * happening in both prev and new for actual time values.
2110 if ((*r & BUG_BOGUSTIME) || (((ntohl(n->tr_qarr) & 0xfeff) == 0x0000) &&
2111 ((ntohl(p->tr_qarr) & 0xfeff) == 0x0000))) {
2112 *r |= BUG_BOGUSTIME;
2113 n->tr_qarr = new->rtime;
2114 p->tr_qarr = prev->rtime;
2115 b->tr_qarr = base->rtime;
2120 b = base->resps + rno;
2121 p = prev->resps + rno;
2122 n = new->resps + rno;
2125 while (--rno >= 0) {
2128 * This hop has reset if:
2129 * - There were statistics in the base AND previous pass, AND
2130 * - There are less packets this time than the first time and
2131 * we didn't reset last time, OR
2132 * - There are less packets this time than last time, OR
2133 * - There are no statistics on this pass.
2135 * The "and we didn't reset last time" is necessary in the
2136 * first branch of the OR because if the base is large and
2137 * we reset last time but the constant-resetter-avoidance
2138 * code kicked in so we delayed the copy of prev to base,
2139 * new could still be below base so we trigger the
2140 * constant-resetter code even though it was really only
2143 res = ((b->tr_pktcnt != 0xFFFFFFFF) && (p->tr_pktcnt != 0xFFFFFFFF) &&
2144 ((!(*r & BUG_RESET) && ntohl(n->tr_pktcnt) < ntohl(b->tr_pktcnt)) ||
2145 (ntohl(n->tr_pktcnt) < ntohl(p->tr_pktcnt)) ||
2146 (n->tr_pktcnt == 0xFFFFFFFF)));
2148 printf("\t\tip=%s, r=%d, res=%d\n", inet_fmt(b->tr_inaddr, s1), *r, res);
2150 printf("\t\tbase=%ld, prev=%ld, new=%ld\n", ntohl(b->tr_pktcnt),
2151 ntohl(p->tr_pktcnt), ntohl(n->tr_pktcnt));
2153 if (*r & BUG_RESET) {
2154 if (res || (*r & BUG_RESET2X)) {
2156 * This router appears to be a 3.4 with that nasty ol'
2157 * neighbor version bug, which causes it to constantly
2158 * reset. Just nuke the statistics for this node, and
2159 * don't even bother giving it the benefit of the
2160 * doubt from now on.
2162 p->tr_pktcnt = b->tr_pktcnt = n->tr_pktcnt;
2166 * This is simply the situation that the original
2167 * fixup_stats was meant to deal with -- that a
2168 * 3.3 or 3.4 router deleted a cache entry while
2169 * traffic was still active.
2179 if (cleanup == 0) return;
2182 * If some hop reset its counters and didn't continue to
2183 * reset, then we pretend that the previous
2184 * trace was the first one.
2187 b = base->resps + rno;
2188 p = prev->resps + rno;
2190 while (--rno >= 0) (--b)->tr_pktcnt = (--p)->tr_pktcnt;
2191 base->qtime = prev->qtime;
2192 base->rtime = prev->rtime;
2196 * Check per-source losses along path and compare with threshold.
2199 check_thresh(thresh, base, prev, new)
2201 struct resp_buf *base, *prev, *new;
2203 int rno = base->len - 1;
2204 struct tr_resp *b = base->resps + rno;
2205 struct tr_resp *p = prev->resps + rno;
2206 struct tr_resp *n = new->resps + rno;
2210 if ((n->tr_inaddr != b->tr_inaddr) ||
2211 (n->tr_outaddr != b->tr_outaddr) ||
2212 (n->tr_rmtaddr != b->tr_rmtaddr))
2213 return 1; /* Route changed */
2215 if (rno-- < 1) break;
2216 g_out = ntohl(n->tr_pktcnt) - ntohl(p->tr_pktcnt);
2218 g_lost = g_out - (ntohl(n->tr_pktcnt) - ntohl(p->tr_pktcnt));
2219 if (g_out && ((g_lost * 100 + (g_out >> 1))/ g_out) > thresh) {
2227 * Print responses with statistics for forward path (from src to dst)
2230 print_stats(base, prev, new, bugs, names)
2231 struct resp_buf *base, *prev, *new;
2238 int rno = base->len - 1;
2239 struct tr_resp *b = base->resps + rno;
2240 struct tr_resp *p = prev->resps + rno;
2241 struct tr_resp *n = new->resps + rno;
2242 int *r = bugs + rno;
2243 u_long resptime = new->rtime;
2244 u_long qarrtime = ntohl(n->tr_qarr);
2245 u_int ttl = MaX(1, n->tr_fttl) + 1;
2246 int first = (base == prev);
2248 VAL_TO_MASK(smask, b->tr_smask);
2249 printf(" Source Response Dest ");
2251 printf("Packet Statistics For Only For Traffic\n");
2253 printf("Overall Packet Statistics For Traffic From\n");
2254 (void)inet_fmt(base->qhdr.tr_src, s1);
2255 printf("%-15s %-15s ",
2256 ((b->tr_inaddr & smask) == (base->qhdr.tr_src & smask)) ?
2258 inet_fmt(base->qhdr.tr_raddr, s2));
2259 (void)inet_fmt(base->igmp.igmp_group.s_addr, s2);
2261 printf("All Multicast Traffic From %s\n", s1);
2263 printf("Packet %s To %s\n", s1, s2);
2264 rtt = t_diff(resptime, new->qtime);
2266 printf(" %c __/ rtt%5d%s ",
2267 (first && !verbose) ? 'v' : '|', rtt, ms);
2269 printf("Lost/Sent = Pct Rate To %s\n", s2);
2271 printf(" Rate Lost/Sent = Pct Rate\n");
2272 if (!first || verbose) {
2273 hop = t_diff(resptime, qarrtime);
2275 printf(" v / hop%5d%s ", hop, ms);
2277 printf("--------------------- --------------------\n");
2279 printf("------- ---------------------\n");
2281 if ((b->tr_inaddr & smask) != (base->qhdr.tr_src & smask) &&
2282 b->tr_rmtaddr != 0) {
2283 printf("%-15s %-14s is the previous hop\n", inet_fmt(b->tr_rmtaddr, s1),
2284 inet_name(b->tr_rmtaddr));
2288 printf("\t\t\t\tv_in: %ld ", (long)ntohl(n->tr_vifin));
2289 printf("v_out: %ld ", (long)ntohl(n->tr_vifout));
2290 printf("pkts: %ld\n", (long)ntohl(n->tr_pktcnt));
2291 printf("\t\t\t\tv_in: %ld ", (long)ntohl(b->tr_vifin));
2292 printf("v_out: %ld ", (long)ntohl(b->tr_vifout));
2293 printf("pkts: %ld\n", (long)ntohl(b->tr_pktcnt));
2294 printf("\t\t\t\tv_in: %ld ",
2295 (long)(ntohl(n->tr_vifin) - ntohl(b->tr_vifin)));
2296 printf("v_out: %ld ",
2297 (long)(ntohl(n->tr_vifout) - ntohl(b->tr_vifout)));
2298 printf("pkts: %ld\n",
2299 (long)(ntohl(n->tr_pktcnt) - ntohl(b->tr_pktcnt)));
2300 printf("\t\t\t\treset: %x hoptime: %lx\n", *r, (long)ntohl(n->tr_qarr));
2304 if ((n->tr_inaddr != b->tr_inaddr) ||
2305 (n->tr_outaddr != b->tr_outaddr) ||
2306 (n->tr_rmtaddr != b->tr_rmtaddr))
2307 return 1; /* Route changed */
2309 if ((n->tr_inaddr != n->tr_outaddr) && n->tr_inaddr)
2310 printf("%-15s\n", inet_fmt(n->tr_inaddr, s1));
2311 printf("%-15s %-14s %s%s\n", inet_fmt(n->tr_outaddr, s1), names[rno],
2312 flag_type(n->tr_rflags),
2313 (*r & BUG_NOPRINT) ? " [reset counters]" : "");
2315 if (rno-- < 1) break;
2317 printf(" %c ^ ttl%5d ", (first && !verbose) ? 'v' : '|',
2319 stat_line(p, n, TRUE, r);
2320 if (!first || verbose) {
2321 resptime = qarrtime;
2322 qarrtime = ntohl((n-1)->tr_qarr);
2323 hop = t_diff(resptime, qarrtime);
2325 printf(" v | hop%5d%s", hop, ms);
2329 stat_line(b, n, TRUE, r);
2333 ttl = MaX(ttl, MaX(1, n->tr_fttl) + base->len - rno);
2336 printf(" %c \\__ ttl%5d ", (first && !verbose) ? 'v' : '|',
2338 stat_line(p, n, FALSE, r);
2339 if (!first || verbose) {
2340 hop = t_diff(qarrtime, new->qtime);
2342 printf(" v \\ hop%5d%s", hop, ms);
2346 stat_line(b, n, FALSE, r);
2348 printf("%-15s %s\n", inet_fmt(base->qhdr.tr_dst, s1),
2349 !passive ? inet_fmt(lcl_addr, s2) : " * * * ");
2350 printf(" Receiver Query Source\n\n");
2355 * Determine whether or not the path has changed.
2358 path_changed(base, new)
2359 struct resp_buf *base, *new;
2361 int rno = base->len - 1;
2362 struct tr_resp *b = base->resps + rno;
2363 struct tr_resp *n = new->resps + rno;
2365 while (rno-- >= 0) {
2366 if ((n->tr_inaddr != b->tr_inaddr) ||
2367 (n->tr_outaddr != b->tr_outaddr) ||
2368 (n->tr_rmtaddr != b->tr_rmtaddr))
2369 return 1; /* Route changed */
2370 if ((b->tr_rflags == TR_NO_RTE) &&
2371 (n->tr_rflags != TR_NO_RTE))
2372 return 1; /* Route got longer? */
2380 /***************************************************************************
2382 ***************************************************************************/
2390 struct sockaddr_in addr;
2391 int addrlen = sizeof(addr);
2394 struct resp_buf *prev, *new;
2398 int hops, nexthop, tries;
2399 u_int32 lastout = 0;
2408 errx(1, "must be root");
2411 * We might get spawned by vat with the audio device open.
2412 * Close everything but stdin, stdout, stderr.
2414 for (i = 3; i < 255; i++)
2421 if (argc == 0) usage();
2423 while (argc > 0 && *argv[0] == '-') {
2424 char *p = *argv++; argc--;
2428 char *arg = (char *) 0;
2432 } else if (argc > 0) arg = argv[0];
2434 case 'd': /* Unlisted debug print option */
2435 if (arg && isdigit(*arg)) {
2437 if (debug < 0) debug = 0;
2438 if (debug > 3) debug = 3;
2439 if (arg == argv[0]) argv++, argc--;
2443 case 'M': /* Use multicast for reponse */
2446 case 'U': /* Use unicast for response */
2449 case 'L': /* Trace w/ loss threshold */
2450 if (arg && isdigit(*arg)) {
2451 lossthresh = atoi(arg);
2455 if (arg == argv[0]) argv++, argc--;
2460 case 'O': /* Don't use IP options */
2463 case 'P': /* Just watch the path */
2467 case 'Q': /* (undoc.) always use this QID */
2468 if (arg && isdigit(*arg)) {
2469 staticqid = atoi(arg);
2472 if (arg == argv[0]) argv++, argc--;
2477 case 'T': /* Print confusing tunnel stats */
2480 case 'W': /* Cisco's "weak" mtrace */
2483 case 'V': /* Print version and exit */
2485 * FreeBSD wants to have its own Id string, so
2486 * determination of the version number has to change.
2487 * XXX Note that this must be changed by hand on importing
2491 char *r = strdup(rcsid);
2492 char *s = strchr(r, ',');
2494 while (s && *(s+1) != 'v')
2495 s = strchr(s + 1, ',');
2500 s += 3; /* , v sp */
2504 fprintf(stderr, "mtrace version 5.2/%s\n", s);
2506 fprintf(stderr, "mtrace could not determine version number!?\n");
2511 case 'l': /* Loop updating stats indefinitely */
2514 case 'n': /* Don't reverse map host addresses */
2517 case 'p': /* Passive listen for traces */
2520 case 'v': /* Verbosity */
2523 case 's': /* Short form, don't wait for stats */
2526 case 'w': /* Time to wait for packet arrival */
2527 if (arg && isdigit(*arg)) {
2528 timeout = atoi(arg);
2529 if (timeout < 1) timeout = 1;
2530 if (arg == argv[0]) argv++, argc--;
2534 case 'f': /* first hop */
2535 if (arg && isdigit(*arg)) {
2537 if (qno > MAXHOPS) qno = MAXHOPS;
2538 else if (qno < 1) qno = 0;
2539 if (arg == argv[0]) argv++, argc--;
2544 case 'm': /* Max number of hops to trace */
2545 if (arg && isdigit(*arg)) {
2547 if (qno > MAXHOPS) qno = MAXHOPS;
2548 else if (qno < 1) qno = 0;
2549 if (arg == argv[0]) argv++, argc--;
2553 case 'q': /* Number of query retries */
2554 if (arg && isdigit(*arg)) {
2555 nqueries = atoi(arg);
2556 if (nqueries < 1) nqueries = 1;
2557 if (arg == argv[0]) argv++, argc--;
2561 case 'g': /* Last-hop gateway (dest of query) */
2562 if (arg && (gwy = host_addr(arg))) {
2563 if (arg == argv[0]) argv++, argc--;
2567 case 't': /* TTL for query packet */
2568 if (arg && isdigit(*arg)) {
2570 if (qttl < 1) qttl = 1;
2572 if (arg == argv[0]) argv++, argc--;
2576 case 'e': /* Extra hops past non-responder */
2577 if (arg && isdigit(*arg)) {
2578 extrahops = atoi(arg);
2579 if (extrahops < 0) extrahops = 0;
2580 if (arg == argv[0]) argv++, argc--;
2584 case 'r': /* Dest for response packet */
2585 if (arg && (raddr = host_addr(arg))) {
2586 if (arg == argv[0]) argv++, argc--;
2590 case 'i': /* Local interface address */
2591 if (arg && (lcl_addr = host_addr(arg))) {
2592 if (arg == argv[0]) argv++, argc--;
2596 case 'S': /* Stat accumulation interval */
2597 if (arg && isdigit(*arg)) {
2598 statint = atoi(arg);
2599 if (statint < 1) statint = 1;
2600 if (arg == argv[0]) argv++, argc--;
2610 if (argc > 0 && (qsrc = host_addr(argv[0]))) { /* Source of path */
2611 if (IN_MULTICAST(ntohl(qsrc))) {
2613 /* Should probably rewrite arg parsing at some point, as
2614 * this makes "mtrace -g foo 224.1.2.3 224.2.3.4" valid!... */
2622 if (argc > 0 && (qdst = host_addr(argv[0]))) { /* Dest of path */
2624 if (argc > 0 && (qgrp = host_addr(argv[0]))) { /* Path via group */
2627 if (IN_MULTICAST(ntohl(qdst))) {
2628 u_int32 temp = qdst;
2631 if (IN_MULTICAST(ntohl(qdst))) usage();
2632 } else if (qgrp && !IN_MULTICAST(ntohl(qgrp))) usage();
2647 checkforsolarisbug();
2651 * Set useful defaults for as many parameters as possible.
2654 defgrp = 0; /* Default to no group */
2655 query_cast = htonl(0xE0000002); /* All routers multicast addr */
2656 resp_cast = htonl(0xE0000120); /* Mtrace response multicast addr */
2660 if (printstats && numstats != 0 && !tunstats) {
2661 /* Stats are useless without a group */
2663 "WARNING: no multicast group specified, so no statistics printed");
2669 "WARNING: group was specified so not performing \"weak\" mtrace");
2673 * Get default local address for multicasts to use in setting defaults.
2675 addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
2676 #if (defined(BSD) && (BSD >= 199103))
2677 addr.sin_len = sizeof(addr);
2679 addr.sin_addr.s_addr = qgrp ? qgrp : query_cast;
2680 addr.sin_port = htons(2000); /* Any port above 1024 will do */
2683 * Note that getsockname() can return 0 on some systems
2684 * (notably SunOS 5.x, x < 6). This is taken care of in
2685 * get_netmask(). If the default multicast interface (set
2686 * with the route for 224.0.0.0) is not the same as the
2687 * hostname, mtrace -i [if_addr] will have to be used.
2689 if (((udp = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0)) < 0) ||
2690 (connect(udp, (struct sockaddr *) &addr, sizeof(addr)) < 0) ||
2691 getsockname(udp, (struct sockaddr *) &addr, &addrlen) < 0)
2692 err(-1, "determining local address");
2696 * SunOS 5.X prior to SunOS 2.6, getsockname returns 0 for udp socket.
2697 * This call to sysinfo will return the hostname.
2698 * If the default multicast interfface (set with the route
2699 * for 224.0.0.0) is not the same as the hostname,
2700 * mtrace -i [if_addr] will have to be used.
2702 if (addr.sin_addr.s_addr == 0) {
2703 char myhostname[MAXHOSTNAMELEN];
2707 error = sysinfo(SI_HOSTNAME, myhostname, sizeof(myhostname));
2709 err(1, "getting my hostname");
2711 hp = gethostbyname(myhostname);
2712 if (hp == NULL || hp->h_addrtype != AF_INET ||
2713 hp->h_length != sizeof(addr.sin_addr))
2714 err(1, "finding IP address for my hostname");
2716 memcpy((char *)&addr.sin_addr.s_addr, hp->h_addr, hp->h_length);
2721 * Default destination for path to be queried is the local host.
2722 * When gateway specified, default destination is that gateway
2723 * and default source is local host.
2726 qdst = lcl_addr ? lcl_addr : addr.sin_addr.s_addr;
2727 dst_netmask = get_netmask(udp, &qdst);
2728 if (gwy && (gwy & dst_netmask) != (qdst & dst_netmask) &&
2729 !IN_MULTICAST(ntohl(gwy)))
2732 if (qsrc == 0 && gwy)
2733 qsrc = lcl_addr ? lcl_addr : addr.sin_addr.s_addr;
2737 dst_netmask = get_netmask(udp, &qdst);
2739 if (lcl_addr == 0) lcl_addr = addr.sin_addr.s_addr;
2742 * Initialize the seed for random query identifiers.
2744 gettimeofday(&tv, 0);
2745 seed = tv.tv_usec ^ lcl_addr;
2751 * Protect against unicast queries to mrouted versions that might crash.
2752 * Also use the obsolete "can mtrace" neighbor bit to warn about
2753 * older implementations.
2755 if (gwy && !IN_MULTICAST(ntohl(gwy)))
2756 if (send_recv(gwy, IGMP_DVMRP, DVMRP_ASK_NEIGHBORS2, 1, &incr[0], NULL)) {
2757 int flags = ntohl(incr[0].igmp.igmp_group.s_addr);
2758 int version = flags & 0xFFFF;
2759 int info = (flags & 0xFF0000) >> 16;
2761 if (version == 0x0303 || version == 0x0503) {
2762 printf("Don't use -g to address an mrouted 3.%d, it might crash\n",
2763 (version >> 8) & 0xFF);
2766 if ((info & 0x08) == 0) {
2769 printf(" probably doesn't support mtrace, trying anyway...\n");
2773 printf("Mtrace from %s to %s via group %s\n",
2774 inet_fmt(qsrc, s1), inet_fmt(qdst, s2), inet_fmt(qgrp, s3));
2776 if ((qdst & dst_netmask) == (qsrc & dst_netmask))
2777 fprintf(stderr, "mtrace: Source & receiver appear to be directly connected\n");
2780 * If the response is to be a multicast address, make sure we
2781 * are listening on that multicast address.
2784 if (IN_MULTICAST(ntohl(raddr))) k_join(raddr, lcl_addr);
2785 } else k_join(resp_cast, lcl_addr);
2787 memset(&base, 0, sizeof(base));
2790 * If the destination is on the local net, the last-hop router can
2791 * be found by multicast to the all-routers multicast group.
2792 * Otherwise, use the group address that is the subject of the
2793 * query since by definition the last-hop router will be a member.
2794 * Set default TTLs for local remote multicasts.
2797 if ((qdst & dst_netmask) == (lcl_addr & dst_netmask)) tdst = query_cast;
2800 if (tdst == 0 && qgrp == 0)
2801 errx(1, "mtrace: weak mtrace requires -g if destination is not local.\n");
2803 if (IN_MULTICAST(ntohl(tdst))) {
2804 k_set_loop(1); /* If I am running on a router, I need to hear this */
2805 if (tdst == query_cast) k_set_ttl(qttl ? qttl : 1);
2806 else k_set_ttl(qttl ? qttl : MULTICAST_TTL1);
2810 * Try a query at the requested number of hops or MAXHOPS if unspecified.
2815 printf("Querying full reverse path... ");
2821 printf("Querying full reverse path, starting at hop %d...", qno);
2823 printf("Querying reverse path, maximum %d hops... ", qno);
2830 recvlen = send_recv(tdst, IGMP_MTRACE, hops, tries, &base, mtrace_callback);
2833 * If the initial query was successful, print it. Otherwise, if
2834 * the query max hop count is the default of zero, loop starting
2835 * from one until there is no response for extrahops more hops. The
2836 * extra hops allow getting past an mtrace-capable mrouter that can't
2837 * send multicast packets because all phyints are disabled.
2843 print_trace(1, &base, names);
2844 r = base.resps + base.len - 1;
2845 if (r->tr_rflags == TR_OLD_ROUTER || r->tr_rflags == TR_NO_SPACE ||
2846 (qno != 0 && r->tr_rmtaddr != 0 && !fflag)) {
2847 printf("%3d ", -(base.len+1));
2848 what_kind(&base, r->tr_rflags == TR_OLD_ROUTER ?
2849 "doesn't support mtrace"
2850 : "is the next hop");
2853 nexthop = hops = qno;
2856 VAL_TO_MASK(smask, r->tr_smask);
2857 if ((r->tr_inaddr & smask) == (qsrc & smask)) {
2858 printf("%3d ", -(base.len+1));
2863 } else if (qno == 0) {
2865 printf("switching to hop-by-hop:\n 0 ");
2869 for (hops = 1, nexthop = 1; hops <= MAXHOPS; ++hops) {
2870 printf("%3d ", -hops);
2874 * After a successful first hop, try switching to the unicast
2875 * address of the last-hop router instead of multicasting the
2876 * trace query. This should be safe for mrouted versions 3.3
2877 * and 3.5 because there is a long route timeout with metric
2878 * infinity before a route disappears. Switching to unicast
2879 * reduces the amount of multicast traffic and avoids a bug
2880 * with duplicate suppression in mrouted 3.5.
2882 if (hops == 2 && gwy == 0 && lastout != 0 &&
2883 (recvlen = send_recv(lastout, IGMP_MTRACE, hops, 1, &base, mtrace_callback)))
2885 else recvlen = send_recv(tdst, IGMP_MTRACE, hops, nqueries, &base, mtrace_callback);
2888 /*if (hops == 1) break;*/
2889 if (hops == nexthop) {
2892 } else if (what_kind(&base, "didn't respond")) {
2893 /* the ask_neighbors determined that the
2894 * not-responding router is the first-hop. */
2899 } else if (hops < nexthop + extrahops) {
2902 printf("...giving up\n");
2907 if (base.len == hops &&
2908 (hops == 1 || (base.resps+nexthop-2)->tr_outaddr == lastout)) {
2909 if (hops == nexthop) {
2910 print_trace(-hops, &base, names);
2912 printf("\nResuming...\n");
2913 print_trace(nexthop, &base, names);
2916 if (base.len < hops) {
2918 * A shorter trace than requested means a fatal error
2919 * occurred along the path, or that the route changed
2922 * If the trace is longer than the last one we received,
2923 * then we are resuming from a skipped router (but there
2924 * is still probably a problem).
2926 * If the trace is shorter than the last one we
2927 * received, then the route must have changed (and
2928 * there is still probably a problem).
2930 if (nexthop <= base.len) {
2931 printf("\nResuming...\n");
2932 print_trace(nexthop, &base, names);
2933 } else if (nexthop > base.len + 1) {
2935 printf("\nRoute must have changed...\n");
2936 print_trace(1, &base, names);
2940 * The last hop address is not the same as it was.
2941 * If we didn't know the last hop then we just
2942 * got the first response from a hop-by-hop trace;
2943 * if we did know the last hop then
2944 * the route probably changed underneath us.
2948 printf("\nRoute must have changed...\n");
2950 printf("\nResuming...\n");
2951 print_trace(1, &base, names);
2955 r = base.resps + base.len - 1;
2956 lastout = r->tr_outaddr;
2958 if (base.len < hops ||
2959 r->tr_rmtaddr == 0 ||
2960 (r->tr_rflags & 0x80)) {
2961 VAL_TO_MASK(smask, r->tr_smask);
2962 if (r->tr_rmtaddr) {
2963 if (hops != nexthop) {
2964 printf("\n%3d ", -(base.len+1));
2966 what_kind(&base, r->tr_rflags == TR_OLD_ROUTER ?
2967 "doesn't support mtrace" :
2968 "would be the next hop");
2969 /* XXX could do segmented trace if TR_NO_SPACE */
2970 } else if (r->tr_rflags == TR_NO_ERR &&
2971 (r->tr_inaddr & smask) == (qsrc & smask)) {
2972 printf("%3d ", -(hops + 1));
2983 if (base.rtime == 0) {
2984 printf("Timed out receiving responses\n");
2985 if (IN_MULTICAST(ntohl(tdst)))
2986 if (tdst == query_cast)
2987 printf("Perhaps no local router has a route for source %s\n",
2988 inet_fmt(qsrc, s1));
2990 printf("Perhaps receiver %s is not a member of group %s,\n\
2991 or no router local to it has a route for source %s,\n\
2992 or multicast at ttl %d doesn't reach its last-hop router for that source\n",
2993 inet_fmt(qdst, s2), inet_fmt(qgrp, s3), inet_fmt(qsrc, s1),
2994 qttl ? qttl : MULTICAST_TTL1);
2998 printf("Round trip time %d ms; ", t_diff(base.rtime, base.qtime));
3000 struct tr_resp *n = base.resps + base.len - 1;
3001 u_int ttl = n->tr_fttl + 1;
3006 ttl = MaX(ttl, MaX(1, n->tr_fttl) + base.len - rno);
3008 printf("total ttl of %d required.\n\n",ttl);
3012 * Use the saved response which was the longest one received,
3013 * and make additional probes after delay to measure loss.
3015 raddr = base.qhdr.tr_raddr;
3016 rttl = TR_GETTTL(base.qhdr.tr_rttlqid);
3017 gettimeofday(&tv, 0);
3018 waittime = statint - (((tv.tv_sec + JAN_1970) & 0xFFFF) - (base.qtime >> 16));
3020 new = &incr[numstats&1];
3023 * Zero out bug-avoidance counters
3025 memset(bugs, 0, sizeof(bugs));
3028 printf("Monitoring path..");
3030 while (numstats--) {
3031 if (waittime < 1) printf("\n");
3033 if (printstats && (lossthresh == 0 || printed)) {
3034 printf("Waiting to accumulate statistics...");
3039 sleep((unsigned)waittime);
3042 rno = hopbyhop ? base.len : qno ? qno : MAXHOPS;
3043 recvlen = send_recv(tdst, IGMP_MTRACE, rno, nqueries, new, mtrace_callback);
3046 printf("Timed out.\n");
3054 if (base.len != new->len || path_changed(&base, new)) {
3055 printf("%s", base.len == new->len ? "Route changed" :
3056 "Trace length doesn't match");
3058 printf(" after %d seconds",
3059 (int)((new->qtime - base.qtime) >> 16));
3062 print_trace(1, new, names);
3064 bcopy(new, &base, sizeof(base));
3065 nexthop = hops = new->len;
3066 printf("Continuing with hop-by-hop...\n");
3071 if (new->igmp.igmp_group.s_addr != qgrp ||
3072 new->qhdr.tr_src != qsrc || new->qhdr.tr_dst != qdst)
3073 printf("\nWARNING: trace modified en route; statistics may be incorrect\n");
3074 fixup_stats(&base, prev, new, bugs);
3075 if ((lossthresh == 0) || check_thresh(lossthresh, &base, prev, new)) {
3076 printf("Results after %d seconds",
3077 (int)((new->qtime - base.qtime) >> 16));
3079 printf(" (this trace %d seconds)",
3080 (int)((new->qtime - prev->qtime) >> 16));
3083 struct tm *qr = localtime(&t);
3085 printf(" qid 0x%06x at %2d:%02d:%02d",
3086 TR_GETQID(base.qhdr.tr_rttlqid),
3087 qr->tm_hour, qr->tm_min, qr->tm_sec);
3091 if (print_stats(&base, prev, new, bugs, names)) {
3092 printf("This should have been detected earlier, but ");
3093 printf("Route changed:\n");
3094 goto printandcontinue;
3099 new = &incr[numstats&1];
3104 * If the response was multicast back, leave the group
3107 if (IN_MULTICAST(ntohl(raddr))) k_leave(raddr, lcl_addr);
3108 } else k_leave(resp_cast, lcl_addr);
3116 fprintf(stderr, "%s\n%s\n%s\n",
3117 "usage: mtrace [-MUOPTWVlnpvs] [-e extra_hops] [-f first_hop] [-i if_addr]",
3118 " [-g gateway] [-m max_hops] [-q nqueries] [-r resp_dest]",
3119 " [-S statint] [-t ttl] [-w wait] source [receiver] [group]");
3126 log(LOG_WARNING, errno, "sendto");
3130 * Log errors and other messages to stderr, according to the severity
3131 * of the message and the current debug level. For errors of severity
3132 * LOG_ERR or worse, terminate the program.
3136 log(int severity, int syserr, char *format, ...)
3141 va_start(ap, format);
3145 log(severity, syserr, format, va_alist)
3146 int severity, syserr;
3157 case 0: if (severity > LOG_WARNING) return;
3158 case 1: if (severity > LOG_NOTICE) return;
3159 case 2: if (severity > LOG_INFO ) return;
3162 if (severity == LOG_WARNING)
3163 strcpy(fmt, "warning - ");
3164 strncat(fmt, format, sizeof(fmt)-strlen(fmt));
3165 fmt[sizeof(fmt)-1]='\0';
3166 vfprintf(stderr, fmt, ap);
3168 fprintf(stderr, "\n");
3169 else if (syserr < sys_nerr)
3170 fprintf(stderr, ": %s\n", sys_errlist[syserr]);
3172 fprintf(stderr, ": errno %d\n", syserr);
3174 if (severity <= LOG_ERR) exit(1);