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32 .Nd safely edit system rc files
38 .Op Fl j Ar jail | Fl R Ar dir
39 .Ar name Ns Op Ns Oo +|- Oc Ns = Ns Ar value
45 .Op Fl j Ar jail | Fl R Ar dir
61 variables from the collection of system rc files and allows processes with
62 appropriate privilege to change values in a safe and effective manner.
64 The following options are available:
65 .Bl -tag -width indent+
67 Dump a list of all non-default configuration variables.
69 Dump a list of all configuration variables
73 For querying, return success if all requested variables are set
75 otherwise return error status.
76 For assignments, return success if no changes are required, otherwise failure.
79 prints a message stating whether variables are set and/or changes are required.
81 Print a description of the given variable.
83 Show default value(s) only (this is the same as setting RC_CONFS to NULL or
84 passing `-f' with a NULL file-argument).
86 Print query results as
89 .Pq for example, Ql var=value .
100 to list configuration files, only list those that exist.
101 When changing a setting, prefer to modify existing files.
103 Operate on the specified file(s) instead of the files obtained by reading the
108 This option can be specified multiple times for additional files.
112 file each directive is in.
114 Print a short usage message to stderr and exit.
116 Print a full usage statement to stderr and exit.
118 Ignore unknown variables.
125 .Pq overrides So Fl R Ar dir Sc ; requires Xr jexec 8 .
127 List configuration files used at startup on stdout and exit.
129 List all configuration files including rc.conf.d entries on stdout and exit.
134 to show service names.
136 exits with success if all named services are installed, failure otherwise.
138 Show only variable values, not their names.
140 Show only variable names, not their values.
143 Disable verbose and hide certain errors.
148 arguments, provide only exit status and no output.
150 Operate within the root directory
169 entries as potential overrides to
173 for additional information on
177 to list configuration files used by service at startup.
180 Print the pathname of the specific
182 file where the directive was found.
184 Print version information to stdout and exit.
186 Remove variable(s) from specified file(s).
189 This utility has a similar syntax to
191 It shares the `-e' and `-n' options
193 and also has the same
195 syntax for making queries/assignments.
197 .Pq but unlike Xr sysctl 8 ,
199 is supported for adding items to values
200 .Pq see APPENDING VALUES
203 is supported for removing items from values
204 .Pq see SUBTRACTING VALUES .
208 serves to query/modify MIBs in the entrant kernel,
210 instead works on values in the system
214 The list of system configuration files is configured in the file
215 .Ql /etc/defaults/rc.conf
218 which by-default contains a space-separated list of pathnames.
221 systems, this defaults to the value "/etc/rc.conf /etc/rc.conf.local".
223 pathname is sourced in-order upon startup.
224 It is in the same fashion that
226 sources the configuration files before returning the value of the given
229 When supplied a variable name,
231 will return the value of the variable.
232 If the variable does not appear in any
235 an error is printed and error status is returned.
237 When changing values of a given variable, it does not matter if the variable
238 appears in any of the
241 If the variable does not appear in any of the files, it is appended to
242 the end of the first pathname in the
247 will replace only the last-occurrence in the last-file found to contain the
249 This gets the value to take effect next boot without heavily
250 modifying these integral files (yet taking care not to allow the file to
253 be called repeatedly).
257 syntax to add items to existing values,
258 the first character of the value is taken as the delimiter separating items
259 .Pq usually Qo " " Qc or Qo , Qc .
260 For example, in the following statement:
261 .Bl -item -offset indent
264 cloned_interfaces+=" gif0"
267 the first character is a space, informing
269 that existing values are to be considered separated by whitespace.
272 is not found in the existing value for
273 .Va cloned_interfaces ,
275 .Pq with delimiter only if existing value is non-NULL .
277 For convenience, if the first character is alpha-numeric
278 .Pq letters A-Z, a-z, or numbers 0-9 ,
284 uses the default setting of whitespace as separator.
285 For example, the above and below statements are equivalent since
287 starts with an alpha-numeric character
288 .Pq the letter Li g :
289 .Bl -item -offset indent
292 cloned_interfaces+=gif0
295 Take the following sequence for example:
296 .Bl -item -offset indent
299 cloned_interfaces= # start with NULL
302 cloned_interfaces+=gif0
303 .Dl # NULL -> `gif0' Pq NB: no preceding delimiter
306 cloned_interfaces+=gif0 # no change
309 cloned_interfaces+="tun0 gif0"
310 .Dl # `gif0' -> `gif0 tun0' Pq NB: no duplication
314 prevents the same value from being added if already there.
315 .Sh SUBTRACTING VALUES
318 syntax to remove items from existing values,
319 the first character of the value is taken as the delimiter separating items
320 .Pq usually Qo " " Qc or Qo , Qc .
321 For example, in the following statement:
323 .Dl Nm cloned_interfaces-=" gif0"
325 the first character is a space, informing
327 that existing values are to be considered separated by whitespace.
330 is found in the existing value for
331 .Va cloned_interfaces ,
333 .Pq extra delimiters removed .
335 For convenience, if the first character is alpha-numeric
336 .Pq letters A-Z, a-z, or numbers 0-9 ,
342 uses the default setting of whitespace as separator.
343 For example, the above and below statements are equivalent since
345 starts with an alpha-numeric character
346 .Pq the letter Li g :
347 .Bl -item -offset indent
350 cloned_interfaces-=gif0
353 Take the following sequence for example:
354 .Bl -item -offset indent
357 foo="bar baz" # start
360 foo-=bar # `bar baz' -> `baz'
363 foo-=baz # `baz' -> NULL
367 removes all occurrences of all items provided
368 and collapses extra delimiters between items.
370 The following environment variables are referenced by
372 .Bl -tag -width ".Ev RC_DEFAULTS"
376 .Pq even if set to NULL .
379 .Ql /etc/defaults/rc.conf
383 The following standard commands are required by
402 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa /etc/defaults/rc.conf" -compact
403 .It Pa /etc/defaults/rc.conf
405 .It Pa /etc/rc.conf.local
406 .It Pa /etc/rc.conf.d/name
407 .It Pa /etc/rc.conf.d/name/*
408 .It Pa /usr/local/etc/rc.conf.d/name
409 .It Pa /usr/local/etc/rc.conf.d/name/*
412 Below are some simple examples of how
414 can be used to query certain values from the
416 collection of system configuration files:
420 .Dl returns the value of $sshd_enable, usually YES or NO .
424 .Dl returns IP address of default router Pq if configured .
426 Working on other files, such as
430 -f /etc/crontab MAILTO
431 .Dl returns the value of the MAILTO setting Pq if configured .
433 Appending to existing values:
436 \&cloned_interfaces+=gif0
437 .Dl appends Qo gif0 Qc to $cloned_interfaces Pq see APPENDING VALUES .
440 \&cloned_interfaces-=gif0
441 .Dl removes Qo gif0 Qc from $cloned_interfaces Pq see SUBTRACTING VALUES .
443 In addition to the above syntax,
447 PARAMETER expansion for changing the way values are reported, shown below:
451 .Dl returns $hostname up to (but not including) first `.' .
454 \&'network_interfaces%%[$IFS]*'
455 .Dl returns first word of $network_interfaces .
458 \&'ntpdate_flags##*[$IFS]'
459 .Dl returns last word of $ntpdate_flags (time server address) .
463 .Dl returns $usbd_flags or "default" if unset or NULL .
466 cloned_interfaces+"alternate"
467 .Dl returns "alternate" if $cloned_interfaces is set .
479 utility first appeared in
482 .An Devin Teske Aq Mt dteske@FreeBSD.org
484 Brandon Gooch, Enji Cooper, Julian Elischer, Pawel Jakub Dawidek,
485 Cyrille Lefevre, Ross West, Stefan Esser, Marco Steinbach, Jilles Tjoelker,
486 Allan Jude, and Lars Engels for suggestions, help, and testing.