1 /* $KAME: traceroute6.c,v 1.68 2004/01/25 11:16:12 suz Exp $ */
4 * Copyright (C) 1995, 1996, 1997, and 1998 WIDE Project.
7 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
8 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
10 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
11 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
12 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
13 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
14 * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
15 * 3. Neither the name of the project nor the names of its contributors
16 * may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
17 * without specific prior written permission.
19 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE PROJECT AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
20 * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
21 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
22 * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE PROJECT OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
23 * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
24 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
25 * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
26 * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
27 * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
28 * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
33 * Copyright (c) 1990, 1993
34 * The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
36 * This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
39 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
40 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
42 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
43 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
44 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
45 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
46 * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
47 * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
48 * must display the following acknowledgement:
49 * This product includes software developed by the University of
50 * California, Berkeley and its contributors.
51 * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
52 * may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
53 * without specific prior written permission.
55 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
56 * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
57 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
58 * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
59 * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
60 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
61 * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
62 * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
63 * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
64 * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
69 static char copyright[] =
70 "@(#) Copyright (c) 1990, 1993\n\
71 The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.\n";
76 static char sccsid[] = "@(#)traceroute.c 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/6/93";
78 static const char rcsid[] =
83 * traceroute host - trace the route ip packets follow going to "host".
85 * Attempt to trace the route an ip packet would follow to some
86 * internet host. We find out intermediate hops by launching probe
87 * packets with a small ttl (time to live) then listening for an
88 * icmp "time exceeded" reply from a gateway. We start our probes
89 * with a ttl of one and increase by one until we get an icmp "port
90 * unreachable" (which means we got to "host") or hit a max (which
91 * defaults to 30 hops & can be changed with the -m flag). Three
92 * probes (change with -q flag) are sent at each ttl setting and a
93 * line is printed showing the ttl, address of the gateway and
94 * round trip time of each probe. If the probe answers come from
95 * different gateways, the address of each responding system will
96 * be printed. If there is no response within a 5 sec. timeout
97 * interval (changed with the -w flag), a "*" is printed for that
100 * Probe packets are UDP format. We don't want the destination
101 * host to process them so the destination port is set to an
102 * unlikely value (if some clod on the destination is using that
103 * value, it can be changed with the -p flag).
105 * A sample use might be:
107 * [yak 71]% traceroute nis.nsf.net.
108 * traceroute to nis.nsf.net (35.1.1.48), 30 hops max, 56 byte packet
109 * 1 helios.ee.lbl.gov (128.3.112.1) 19 ms 19 ms 0 ms
110 * 2 lilac-dmc.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.216.1) 39 ms 39 ms 19 ms
111 * 3 lilac-dmc.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.216.1) 39 ms 39 ms 19 ms
112 * 4 ccngw-ner-cc.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.136.23) 39 ms 40 ms 39 ms
113 * 5 ccn-nerif22.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.168.22) 39 ms 39 ms 39 ms
114 * 6 128.32.197.4 (128.32.197.4) 40 ms 59 ms 59 ms
115 * 7 131.119.2.5 (131.119.2.5) 59 ms 59 ms 59 ms
116 * 8 129.140.70.13 (129.140.70.13) 99 ms 99 ms 80 ms
117 * 9 129.140.71.6 (129.140.71.6) 139 ms 239 ms 319 ms
118 * 10 129.140.81.7 (129.140.81.7) 220 ms 199 ms 199 ms
119 * 11 nic.merit.edu (35.1.1.48) 239 ms 239 ms 239 ms
121 * Note that lines 2 & 3 are the same. This is due to a buggy
122 * kernel on the 2nd hop system -- lbl-csam.arpa -- that forwards
123 * packets with a zero ttl.
125 * A more interesting example is:
127 * [yak 72]% traceroute allspice.lcs.mit.edu.
128 * traceroute to allspice.lcs.mit.edu (18.26.0.115), 30 hops max
129 * 1 helios.ee.lbl.gov (128.3.112.1) 0 ms 0 ms 0 ms
130 * 2 lilac-dmc.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.216.1) 19 ms 19 ms 19 ms
131 * 3 lilac-dmc.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.216.1) 39 ms 19 ms 19 ms
132 * 4 ccngw-ner-cc.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.136.23) 19 ms 39 ms 39 ms
133 * 5 ccn-nerif22.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.168.22) 20 ms 39 ms 39 ms
134 * 6 128.32.197.4 (128.32.197.4) 59 ms 119 ms 39 ms
135 * 7 131.119.2.5 (131.119.2.5) 59 ms 59 ms 39 ms
136 * 8 129.140.70.13 (129.140.70.13) 80 ms 79 ms 99 ms
137 * 9 129.140.71.6 (129.140.71.6) 139 ms 139 ms 159 ms
138 * 10 129.140.81.7 (129.140.81.7) 199 ms 180 ms 300 ms
139 * 11 129.140.72.17 (129.140.72.17) 300 ms 239 ms 239 ms
141 * 13 128.121.54.72 (128.121.54.72) 259 ms 499 ms 279 ms
146 * 18 ALLSPICE.LCS.MIT.EDU (18.26.0.115) 339 ms 279 ms 279 ms
148 * (I start to see why I'm having so much trouble with mail to
149 * MIT.) Note that the gateways 12, 14, 15, 16 & 17 hops away
150 * either don't send ICMP "time exceeded" messages or send them
151 * with a ttl too small to reach us. 14 - 17 are running the
152 * MIT C Gateway code that doesn't send "time exceeded"s. God
153 * only knows what's going on with 12.
155 * The silent gateway 12 in the above may be the result of a bug in
156 * the 4.[23]BSD network code (and its derivatives): 4.x (x <= 3)
157 * sends an unreachable message using whatever ttl remains in the
158 * original datagram. Since, for gateways, the remaining ttl is
159 * zero, the icmp "time exceeded" is guaranteed to not make it back
160 * to us. The behavior of this bug is slightly more interesting
161 * when it appears on the destination system:
163 * 1 helios.ee.lbl.gov (128.3.112.1) 0 ms 0 ms 0 ms
164 * 2 lilac-dmc.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.216.1) 39 ms 19 ms 39 ms
165 * 3 lilac-dmc.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.216.1) 19 ms 39 ms 19 ms
166 * 4 ccngw-ner-cc.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.136.23) 39 ms 40 ms 19 ms
167 * 5 ccn-nerif35.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.168.35) 39 ms 39 ms 39 ms
168 * 6 csgw.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.133.254) 39 ms 59 ms 39 ms
175 * 13 rip.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.131.22) 59 ms ! 39 ms ! 39 ms !
177 * Notice that there are 12 "gateways" (13 is the final
178 * destination) and exactly the last half of them are "missing".
179 * What's really happening is that rip (a Sun-3 running Sun OS3.5)
180 * is using the ttl from our arriving datagram as the ttl in its
181 * icmp reply. So, the reply will time out on the return path
182 * (with no notice sent to anyone since icmp's aren't sent for
183 * icmp's) until we probe with a ttl that's at least twice the path
184 * length. I.e., rip is really only 7 hops away. A reply that
185 * returns with a ttl of 1 is a clue this problem exists.
186 * Traceroute prints a "!" after the time if the ttl is <= 1.
187 * Since vendors ship a lot of obsolete (DEC's Ultrix, Sun 3.x) or
188 * non-standard (HPUX) software, expect to see this problem
189 * frequently and/or take care picking the target host of your
192 * Other possible annotations after the time are !H, !N, !P (got a host,
193 * network or protocol unreachable, respectively), !S or !F (source
194 * route failed or fragmentation needed -- neither of these should
195 * ever occur and the associated gateway is busted if you see one). If
196 * almost all the probes result in some kind of unreachable, traceroute
197 * will give up and exit.
201 * This program must be run by root or be setuid. (I suggest that
202 * you *don't* make it setuid -- casual use could result in a lot
203 * of unnecessary traffic on our poor, congested nets.)
205 * This program requires a kernel mod that does not appear in any
206 * system available from Berkeley: A raw ip socket using proto
207 * IPPROTO_RAW must interpret the data sent as an ip datagram (as
208 * opposed to data to be wrapped in an ip datagram). See the README
209 * file that came with the source to this program for a description
210 * of the mods I made to /sys/netinet/raw_ip.c. Your mileage may
211 * vary. But, again, ANY 4.x (x < 4) BSD KERNEL WILL HAVE TO BE
212 * MODIFIED TO RUN THIS PROGRAM.
214 * The udp port usage may appear bizarre (well, ok, it is bizarre).
215 * The problem is that an icmp message only contains 8 bytes of
216 * data from the original datagram. 8 bytes is the size of a udp
217 * header so, if we want to associate replies with the original
218 * datagram, the necessary information must be encoded into the
219 * udp header (the ip id could be used but there's no way to
220 * interlock with the kernel's assignment of ip id's and, anyway,
221 * it would have taken a lot more kernel hacking to allow this
222 * code to set the ip id). So, to allow two or more users to
223 * use traceroute simultaneously, we use this task's pid as the
224 * source port (the high bit is set to move the port number out
225 * of the "likely" range). To keep track of which probe is being
226 * replied to (so times and/or hop counts don't get confused by a
227 * reply that was delayed in transit), we increment the destination
228 * port number before each probe.
230 * Don't use this as a coding example. I was trying to find a
231 * routing problem and this code sort-of popped out after 48 hours
232 * without sleep. I was amazed it ever compiled, much less ran.
234 * I stole the idea for this program from Steve Deering. Since
235 * the first release, I've learned that had I attended the right
236 * IETF working group meetings, I also could have stolen it from Guy
237 * Almes or Matt Mathis. I don't know (or care) who came up with
238 * the idea first. I envy the originators' perspicacity and I'm
239 * glad they didn't keep the idea a secret.
241 * Tim Seaver, Ken Adelman and C. Philip Wood provided bug fixes and/or
242 * enhancements to the original distribution.
244 * I've hacked up a round-trip-route version of this that works by
245 * sending a loose-source-routed udp datagram through the destination
246 * back to yourself. Unfortunately, SO many gateways botch source
247 * routing, the thing is almost worthless. Maybe one day...
249 * -- Van Jacobson (van@helios.ee.lbl.gov)
250 * Tue Dec 20 03:50:13 PST 1988
253 #include <sys/param.h>
254 #include <sys/time.h>
255 #include <sys/socket.h>
257 #include <sys/file.h>
258 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
259 #include <sys/sysctl.h>
261 #include <netinet/in.h>
263 #include <arpa/inet.h>
276 #include <netinet/ip6.h>
277 #include <netinet/icmp6.h>
278 #include <netinet/udp.h>
281 #include <net/route.h>
282 #include <netinet6/ipsec.h>
285 #define DUMMY_PORT 10010
287 #define MAXPACKET 65535 /* max ip packet size */
289 #ifndef HAVE_GETIPNODEBYNAME
290 #define getipnodebyname(x, y, z, u) gethostbyname2((x), (y))
291 #define freehostent(x)
295 * format of a (udp) probe packet.
303 u_char seq; /* sequence number of this packet */
304 u_char hops; /* hop limit of the packet */
306 struct tv32 tv; /* time packet left */
307 } __attribute__((__packed__));
309 u_char packet[512]; /* last inbound (icmp) packet */
310 struct opacket *outpacket; /* last output (udp) packet */
312 int main __P((int, char *[]));
313 int wait_for_reply __P((int, struct msghdr *));
315 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
316 int setpolicy __P((int so, char *policy));
319 void send_probe __P((int, u_long));
320 struct udphdr *get_udphdr __P((struct ip6_hdr *, u_char *));
321 int get_hoplim __P((struct msghdr *));
322 double deltaT __P((struct timeval *, struct timeval *));
323 char *pr_type __P((int));
324 int packet_ok __P((struct msghdr *, int, int));
325 void print __P((struct msghdr *, int));
326 const char *inetname __P((struct sockaddr *));
327 void usage __P((void));
329 int rcvsock; /* receive (icmp) socket file descriptor */
330 int sndsock; /* send (udp) socket file descriptor */
332 struct msghdr rcvmhdr;
333 struct iovec rcviov[2];
335 struct in6_pktinfo *rcvpktinfo;
337 struct sockaddr_in6 Src, Dst, Rcv;
338 u_long datalen; /* How much data */
339 #define ICMP6ECHOLEN 8
340 /* XXX: 2064 = 127(max hops in type 0 rthdr) * sizeof(ip6_hdr) + 16(margin) */
342 #ifdef USE_RFC2292BIS
343 struct ip6_rthdr *rth;
345 struct cmsghdr *cmsg;
351 u_long first_hop = 1;
352 u_long max_hops = 30;
354 u_int16_t port = 32768+666; /* start udp dest port # for probe packets */
356 int options; /* socket options */
358 int waittime = 5; /* time to wait for response (in seconds) */
359 int nflag; /* print addresses numerically */
361 int lflag; /* print both numerical address & hostname */
368 int mib[4] = { CTL_NET, PF_INET6, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6CTL_DEFHLIM };
369 char hbuf[NI_MAXHOST], src0[NI_MAXHOST], *ep;
370 int ch, i, on = 1, seq, rcvcmsglen, error, minlen;
371 struct addrinfo hints, *res;
372 static u_char *rcvcmsgbuf;
373 u_long probe, hops, lport;
381 if ((rcvsock = socket(AF_INET6, SOCK_RAW, IPPROTO_ICMPV6)) < 0) {
382 perror("socket(ICMPv6)");
388 if (setresuid(uid, uid, uid) == -1) {
394 (void) sysctl(mib, sizeof(mib)/sizeof(mib[0]), &i, &size, NULL, 0);
397 /* specify to tell receiving interface */
398 #ifdef IPV6_RECVPKTINFO
399 if (setsockopt(rcvsock, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_RECVPKTINFO, &on,
401 err(1, "setsockopt(IPV6_RECVPKTINFO)");
402 #else /* old adv. API */
403 if (setsockopt(rcvsock, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_PKTINFO, &on,
405 err(1, "setsockopt(IPV6_PKTINFO)");
408 /* specify to tell value of hoplimit field of received IP6 hdr */
409 #ifdef IPV6_RECVHOPLIMIT
410 if (setsockopt(rcvsock, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_RECVHOPLIMIT, &on,
412 err(1, "setsockopt(IPV6_RECVHOPLIMIT)");
413 #else /* old adv. API */
414 if (setsockopt(rcvsock, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_HOPLIMIT, &on,
416 err(1, "setsockopt(IPV6_HOPLIMIT)");
421 while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, "df:g:Ilm:np:q:rs:w:v")) != -1)
429 first_hop = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
430 if (errno || !*optarg || *ep || first_hop > 255) {
432 "traceroute6: invalid min hoplimit.\n");
437 hp = getipnodebyname(optarg, AF_INET6, 0, &h_errno);
440 "traceroute6: unknown host %s\n", optarg);
443 #ifdef USE_RFC2292BIS
446 * XXX: We can't detect the number of
447 * intermediate nodes yet.
449 if ((rth = inet6_rth_init((void *)rtbuf,
450 sizeof(rtbuf), IPV6_RTHDR_TYPE_0,
453 "inet6_rth_init failed.\n");
457 if (inet6_rth_add((void *)rth,
458 (struct in6_addr *)hp->h_addr)) {
460 "inet6_rth_add failed for %s\n",
464 #else /* old advanced API */
466 cmsg = inet6_rthdr_init(rtbuf, IPV6_RTHDR_TYPE_0);
467 inet6_rthdr_add(cmsg, (struct in6_addr *)hp->h_addr,
474 ident = htons(getpid() & 0xffff); /* same as ping6 */
482 max_hops = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
483 if (errno || !*optarg || *ep || max_hops > 255) {
485 "traceroute6: invalid max hoplimit.\n");
495 lport = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
496 if (errno || !*optarg || *ep) {
497 fprintf(stderr, "traceroute6: invalid port.\n");
500 if (lport == 0 || lport != (lport & 0xffff)) {
502 "traceroute6: port out of range.\n");
505 port = lport & 0xffff;
510 nprobes = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
511 if (errno || !*optarg || *ep) {
513 "traceroute6: invalid nprobes.\n");
518 "traceroute6: nprobes must be >0.\n");
523 options |= SO_DONTROUTE;
527 * set the ip source address of the outbound
528 * probe (e.g., on a multi-homed host).
538 waittime = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
539 if (errno || !*optarg || *ep) {
541 "traceroute6: invalid wait time.\n");
546 "traceroute6: wait must be >1 sec.\n");
556 if (max_hops < first_hop) {
558 "traceroute6: max hoplimit must be larger than first hoplimit.\n");
562 if (argc < 1 || argc > 2)
566 setvbuf(stdout, NULL, _IOLBF, BUFSIZ);
571 memset(&hints, 0, sizeof(hints));
572 hints.ai_family = PF_INET6;
573 hints.ai_socktype = SOCK_RAW;
574 hints.ai_protocol = IPPROTO_ICMPV6;
575 hints.ai_flags = AI_CANONNAME;
576 error = getaddrinfo(*argv, NULL, &hints, &res);
579 "traceroute6: %s\n", gai_strerror(error));
582 if (res->ai_addrlen != sizeof(Dst)) {
584 "traceroute6: size of sockaddr mismatch\n");
587 memcpy(&Dst, res->ai_addr, res->ai_addrlen);
588 hostname = res->ai_canonname ? strdup(res->ai_canonname) : *argv;
590 fprintf(stderr, "traceroute6: not enough core\n");
594 if (getnameinfo(res->ai_addr, res->ai_addrlen, hbuf,
595 sizeof(hbuf), NULL, 0, NI_NUMERICHOST) != 0)
596 strlcpy(hbuf, "?", sizeof(hbuf));
597 fprintf(stderr, "traceroute6: Warning: %s has multiple "
598 "addresses; using %s\n", hostname, hbuf);
604 datalen = strtoul(*argv, &ep, 0);
605 if (errno || !*argv || *ep) {
607 "traceroute6: invalid packet length.\n");
612 minlen = ICMP6ECHOLEN + sizeof(struct tv32);
614 minlen = sizeof(struct opacket);
615 if (datalen < minlen)
617 else if (datalen >= MAXPACKET) {
619 "traceroute6: packet size must be %d <= s < %ld.\n",
620 minlen, (long)MAXPACKET);
623 outpacket = (struct opacket *)malloc((unsigned)datalen);
628 (void) bzero((char *)outpacket, datalen);
630 /* initialize msghdr for receiving packets */
631 rcviov[0].iov_base = (caddr_t)packet;
632 rcviov[0].iov_len = sizeof(packet);
633 rcvmhdr.msg_name = (caddr_t)&Rcv;
634 rcvmhdr.msg_namelen = sizeof(Rcv);
635 rcvmhdr.msg_iov = rcviov;
636 rcvmhdr.msg_iovlen = 1;
637 rcvcmsglen = CMSG_SPACE(sizeof(struct in6_pktinfo)) +
638 CMSG_SPACE(sizeof(int));
639 if ((rcvcmsgbuf = malloc(rcvcmsglen)) == NULL) {
640 fprintf(stderr, "traceroute6: malloc failed\n");
643 rcvmhdr.msg_control = (caddr_t) rcvcmsgbuf;
644 rcvmhdr.msg_controllen = rcvcmsglen;
646 if (options & SO_DEBUG)
647 (void) setsockopt(rcvsock, SOL_SOCKET, SO_DEBUG,
648 (char *)&on, sizeof(on));
649 if (options & SO_DONTROUTE)
650 (void) setsockopt(rcvsock, SOL_SOCKET, SO_DONTROUTE,
651 (char *)&on, sizeof(on));
653 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
655 * do not raise error even if setsockopt fails, kernel may have ipsec
658 if (setpolicy(rcvsock, "in bypass") < 0)
659 errx(1, "%s", ipsec_strerror());
660 if (setpolicy(rcvsock, "out bypass") < 0)
661 errx(1, "%s", ipsec_strerror());
664 int level = IPSEC_LEVEL_NONE;
666 (void)setsockopt(rcvsock, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_ESP_TRANS_LEVEL, &level,
668 (void)setsockopt(rcvsock, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_ESP_NETWORK_LEVEL, &level,
670 #ifdef IP_AUTH_TRANS_LEVEL
671 (void)setsockopt(rcvsock, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_AUTH_TRANS_LEVEL, &level,
674 (void)setsockopt(rcvsock, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_AUTH_LEVEL, &level,
677 #ifdef IP_AUTH_NETWORK_LEVEL
678 (void)setsockopt(rcvsock, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_AUTH_NETWORK_LEVEL, &level,
682 #endif /*IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC*/
691 if ((sndsock = socket(AF_INET6, SOCK_DGRAM, 0)) < 0) {
692 perror("socket(SOCK_DGRAM)");
698 if (setsockopt(sndsock, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, (char *)&i,
700 perror("setsockopt(SO_SNDBUF)");
703 #endif /* SO_SNDBUF */
704 if (options & SO_DEBUG)
705 (void) setsockopt(sndsock, SOL_SOCKET, SO_DEBUG,
706 (char *)&on, sizeof(on));
707 if (options & SO_DONTROUTE)
708 (void) setsockopt(sndsock, SOL_SOCKET, SO_DONTROUTE,
709 (char *)&on, sizeof(on));
710 #ifdef USE_RFC2292BIS
711 if (rth) {/* XXX: there is no library to finalize the header... */
712 rth->ip6r_len = rth->ip6r_segleft * 2;
713 if (setsockopt(sndsock, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_RTHDR,
714 (void *)rth, (rth->ip6r_len + 1) << 3)) {
715 fprintf(stderr, "setsockopt(IPV6_RTHDR): %s\n",
720 #else /* old advanced API */
722 inet6_rthdr_lasthop(cmsg, IPV6_RTHDR_LOOSE);
723 if (setsockopt(sndsock, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_PKTOPTIONS,
724 rtbuf, cmsg->cmsg_len) < 0) {
725 fprintf(stderr, "setsockopt(IPV6_PKTOPTIONS): %s\n",
730 #endif /* USE_RFC2292BIS */
732 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
734 * do not raise error even if setsockopt fails, kernel may have ipsec
737 if (setpolicy(sndsock, "in bypass") < 0)
738 errx(1, "%s", ipsec_strerror());
739 if (setpolicy(sndsock, "out bypass") < 0)
740 errx(1, "%s", ipsec_strerror());
743 int level = IPSEC_LEVEL_BYPASS;
745 (void)setsockopt(sndsock, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_ESP_TRANS_LEVEL, &level,
747 (void)setsockopt(sndsock, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_ESP_NETWORK_LEVEL, &level,
749 #ifdef IP_AUTH_TRANS_LEVEL
750 (void)setsockopt(sndsock, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_AUTH_TRANS_LEVEL, &level,
753 (void)setsockopt(sndsock, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_AUTH_LEVEL, &level,
756 #ifdef IP_AUTH_NETWORK_LEVEL
757 (void)setsockopt(sndsock, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_AUTH_NETWORK_LEVEL, &level,
761 #endif /*IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC*/
767 bzero(&Src, sizeof(Src));
769 struct addrinfo hints, *res;
772 memset(&hints, 0, sizeof(hints));
773 hints.ai_family = AF_INET6;
774 hints.ai_socktype = SOCK_DGRAM; /*dummy*/
775 hints.ai_flags = AI_NUMERICHOST;
776 error = getaddrinfo(source, "0", &hints, &res);
778 printf("traceroute6: %s: %s\n", source,
779 gai_strerror(error));
782 if (res->ai_addrlen > sizeof(Src)) {
783 printf("traceroute6: %s: %s\n", source,
784 gai_strerror(error));
787 memcpy(&Src, res->ai_addr, res->ai_addrlen);
790 struct sockaddr_in6 Nxt;
795 Nxt.sin6_port = htons(DUMMY_PORT);
797 bcopy(inet6_rthdr_getaddr(cmsg, 1), &Nxt.sin6_addr,
798 sizeof(Nxt.sin6_addr));
799 if ((dummy = socket(AF_INET6, SOCK_DGRAM, 0)) < 0) {
803 if (connect(dummy, (struct sockaddr *)&Nxt, Nxt.sin6_len) < 0) {
808 if (getsockname(dummy, (struct sockaddr *)&Src, &len) < 0) {
809 perror("getsockname");
812 if (getnameinfo((struct sockaddr *)&Src, Src.sin6_len,
813 src0, sizeof(src0), NULL, 0, NI_NUMERICHOST)) {
814 fprintf(stderr, "getnameinfo failed for source\n");
821 Src.sin6_port = htons(0);
822 if (bind(sndsock, (struct sockaddr *)&Src, Src.sin6_len) < 0) {
831 if (getsockname(sndsock, (struct sockaddr *)&Src, &len) < 0) {
832 perror("getsockname");
835 srcport = ntohs(Src.sin6_port);
841 if (getnameinfo((struct sockaddr *)&Dst, Dst.sin6_len, hbuf,
842 sizeof(hbuf), NULL, 0, NI_NUMERICHOST))
843 strlcpy(hbuf, "(invalid)", sizeof(hbuf));
844 fprintf(stderr, "traceroute6");
845 fprintf(stderr, " to %s (%s)", hostname, hbuf);
847 fprintf(stderr, " from %s", source);
848 fprintf(stderr, ", %lu hops max, %lu byte packets\n",
850 (void) fflush(stderr);
853 printf("Skipping %lu intermediate hops\n", first_hop - 1);
858 for (hops = first_hop; hops <= max_hops; ++hops) {
859 struct in6_addr lastaddr;
863 printf("%2lu ", hops);
864 bzero(&lastaddr, sizeof(lastaddr));
865 for (probe = 0; probe < nprobes; ++probe) {
867 struct timeval t1, t2;
869 (void) gettimeofday(&t1, NULL);
870 send_probe(++seq, hops);
871 while ((cc = wait_for_reply(rcvsock, &rcvmhdr))) {
872 (void) gettimeofday(&t2, NULL);
873 if ((i = packet_ok(&rcvmhdr, cc, seq))) {
874 if (!IN6_ARE_ADDR_EQUAL(&Rcv.sin6_addr,
877 lastaddr = Rcv.sin6_addr;
879 printf(" %.3f ms", deltaT(&t1, &t2));
881 case ICMP6_DST_UNREACH_NOROUTE:
885 case ICMP6_DST_UNREACH_ADMIN:
889 case ICMP6_DST_UNREACH_NOTNEIGHBOR:
893 case ICMP6_DST_UNREACH_ADDR:
897 case ICMP6_DST_UNREACH_NOPORT:
909 (void) fflush(stdout);
913 (unreachable > 0 && unreachable >= ((nprobes + 1) / 2))) {
922 wait_for_reply(sock, mhdr)
927 struct pollfd pfd[1];
931 pfd[0].events = POLLIN;
934 if (poll(pfd, 1, waittime * 1000) > 0)
935 cc = recvmsg(rcvsock, mhdr, 0);
943 fdsn = howmany(sock + 1, NFDBITS) * sizeof(fd_mask);
944 if ((fdsp = (fd_set *)malloc(fdsn)) == NULL)
946 memset(fdsp, 0, fdsn);
948 wait.tv_sec = waittime; wait.tv_usec = 0;
950 if (select(sock+1, fdsp, (fd_set *)0, (fd_set *)0, &wait) > 0)
951 cc = recvmsg(rcvsock, mhdr, 0);
959 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
961 setpolicy(so, policy)
967 buf = ipsec_set_policy(policy, strlen(policy));
969 warnx("%s", ipsec_strerror());
972 (void)setsockopt(so, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_IPSEC_POLICY,
973 buf, ipsec_get_policylen(buf));
983 send_probe(seq, hops)
992 if (setsockopt(sndsock, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_UNICAST_HOPS,
993 (char *)&i, sizeof(i)) < 0) {
994 perror("setsockopt IPV6_UNICAST_HOPS");
997 Dst.sin6_port = htons(port + seq);
998 (void) gettimeofday(&tv, NULL);
999 tv32.tv32_sec = htonl(tv.tv_sec);
1000 tv32.tv32_usec = htonl(tv.tv_usec);
1003 struct icmp6_hdr *icp = (struct icmp6_hdr *)outpacket;
1005 icp->icmp6_type = ICMP6_ECHO_REQUEST;
1006 icp->icmp6_code = 0;
1007 icp->icmp6_cksum = 0;
1008 icp->icmp6_id = ident;
1009 icp->icmp6_seq = htons(seq);
1010 bcopy(&tv32, ((u_int8_t *)outpacket + ICMP6ECHOLEN),
1013 struct opacket *op = outpacket;
1017 bcopy(&tv32, &op->tv, sizeof tv32);
1020 i = sendto(sndsock, (char *)outpacket, datalen, 0,
1021 (struct sockaddr *)&Dst, Dst.sin6_len);
1022 if (i < 0 || i != datalen) {
1025 printf("traceroute6: wrote %s %lu chars, ret=%d\n",
1026 hostname, datalen, i);
1027 (void) fflush(stdout);
1033 struct msghdr *mhdr;
1037 for (cm = (struct cmsghdr *)CMSG_FIRSTHDR(mhdr); cm;
1038 cm = (struct cmsghdr *)CMSG_NXTHDR(mhdr, cm)) {
1039 if (cm->cmsg_level == IPPROTO_IPV6 &&
1040 cm->cmsg_type == IPV6_HOPLIMIT &&
1041 cm->cmsg_len == CMSG_LEN(sizeof(int)))
1042 return(*(int *)CMSG_DATA(cm));
1050 struct timeval *t1p, *t2p;
1054 dt = (double)(t2p->tv_sec - t1p->tv_sec) * 1000.0 +
1055 (double)(t2p->tv_usec - t1p->tv_usec) / 1000.0;
1060 * Convert an ICMP "type" field to a printable string.
1066 u_char t = t0 & 0xff;
1070 case ICMP6_DST_UNREACH:
1071 cp = "Destination Unreachable";
1073 case ICMP6_PACKET_TOO_BIG:
1074 cp = "Packet Too Big";
1076 case ICMP6_TIME_EXCEEDED:
1077 cp = "Time Exceeded";
1079 case ICMP6_PARAM_PROB:
1080 cp = "Parameter Problem";
1082 case ICMP6_ECHO_REQUEST:
1083 cp = "Echo Request";
1085 case ICMP6_ECHO_REPLY:
1088 case ICMP6_MEMBERSHIP_QUERY:
1089 cp = "Group Membership Query";
1091 case ICMP6_MEMBERSHIP_REPORT:
1092 cp = "Group Membership Report";
1094 case ICMP6_MEMBERSHIP_REDUCTION:
1095 cp = "Group Membership Reduction";
1097 case ND_ROUTER_SOLICIT:
1098 cp = "Router Solicitation";
1100 case ND_ROUTER_ADVERT:
1101 cp = "Router Advertisement";
1103 case ND_NEIGHBOR_SOLICIT:
1104 cp = "Neighbor Solicitation";
1106 case ND_NEIGHBOR_ADVERT:
1107 cp = "Neighbor Advertisement";
1120 packet_ok(mhdr, cc, seq)
1121 struct msghdr *mhdr;
1125 struct icmp6_hdr *icp;
1126 struct sockaddr_in6 *from = (struct sockaddr_in6 *)mhdr->msg_name;
1128 char *buf = (char *)mhdr->msg_iov[0].iov_base;
1131 char hbuf[NI_MAXHOST];
1139 ip = (struct ip6_hdr *) buf;
1140 hlen = sizeof(struct ip6_hdr);
1141 if (cc < hlen + sizeof(struct icmp6_hdr)) {
1143 if (getnameinfo((struct sockaddr *)from, from->sin6_len,
1144 hbuf, sizeof(hbuf), NULL, 0, NI_NUMERICHOST) != 0)
1145 strlcpy(hbuf, "invalid", sizeof(hbuf));
1146 printf("packet too short (%d bytes) from %s\n", cc,
1152 icp = (struct icmp6_hdr *)(buf + hlen);
1154 if (cc < sizeof(struct icmp6_hdr)) {
1156 if (getnameinfo((struct sockaddr *)from, from->sin6_len,
1157 hbuf, sizeof(hbuf), NULL, 0, NI_NUMERICHOST) != 0)
1158 strlcpy(hbuf, "invalid", sizeof(hbuf));
1159 printf("data too short (%d bytes) from %s\n", cc, hbuf);
1163 icp = (struct icmp6_hdr *)buf;
1165 /* get optional information via advanced API */
1168 for (cm = (struct cmsghdr *)CMSG_FIRSTHDR(mhdr); cm;
1169 cm = (struct cmsghdr *)CMSG_NXTHDR(mhdr, cm)) {
1170 if (cm->cmsg_level == IPPROTO_IPV6 &&
1171 cm->cmsg_type == IPV6_PKTINFO &&
1173 CMSG_LEN(sizeof(struct in6_pktinfo)))
1174 rcvpktinfo = (struct in6_pktinfo *)(CMSG_DATA(cm));
1176 if (cm->cmsg_level == IPPROTO_IPV6 &&
1177 cm->cmsg_type == IPV6_HOPLIMIT &&
1178 cm->cmsg_len == CMSG_LEN(sizeof(int)))
1179 hlimp = (int *)CMSG_DATA(cm);
1181 if (rcvpktinfo == NULL || hlimp == NULL) {
1182 warnx("failed to get received hop limit or packet info");
1186 rcvhlim = 0; /*XXX*/
1192 type = icp->icmp6_type;
1193 code = icp->icmp6_code;
1194 if ((type == ICMP6_TIME_EXCEEDED && code == ICMP6_TIME_EXCEED_TRANSIT)
1195 || type == ICMP6_DST_UNREACH) {
1196 struct ip6_hdr *hip;
1199 hip = (struct ip6_hdr *)(icp + 1);
1200 if ((up = get_udphdr(hip, (u_char *)(buf + cc))) == NULL) {
1202 warnx("failed to get upper layer header");
1206 ((struct icmp6_hdr *)up)->icmp6_id == ident &&
1207 ((struct icmp6_hdr *)up)->icmp6_seq == htons(seq))
1208 return (type == ICMP6_TIME_EXCEEDED ? -1 : code + 1);
1209 else if (!useicmp &&
1210 up->uh_sport == htons(srcport) &&
1211 up->uh_dport == htons(port + seq))
1212 return (type == ICMP6_TIME_EXCEEDED ? -1 : code + 1);
1213 } else if (useicmp && type == ICMP6_ECHO_REPLY) {
1214 if (icp->icmp6_id == ident &&
1215 icp->icmp6_seq == htons(seq))
1216 return (ICMP6_DST_UNREACH_NOPORT + 1);
1219 char sbuf[NI_MAXHOST+1], dbuf[INET6_ADDRSTRLEN];
1223 if (getnameinfo((struct sockaddr *)from, from->sin6_len,
1224 sbuf, sizeof(sbuf), NULL, 0, NI_NUMERICHOST) != 0)
1225 strlcpy(sbuf, "invalid", sizeof(sbuf));
1226 printf("\n%d bytes from %s to %s", cc, sbuf,
1227 rcvpktinfo ? inet_ntop(AF_INET6, &rcvpktinfo->ipi6_addr,
1228 dbuf, sizeof(dbuf)) : "?");
1229 printf(": icmp type %d (%s) code %d\n", type, pr_type(type),
1231 p = (u_int8_t *)(icp + 1);
1233 for (i = 0; i < cc; i++) {
1238 printf("%02x", p[i]);
1239 if (i % WIDTH == WIDTH - 1)
1242 if (cc % WIDTH != 0)
1249 * Increment pointer until find the UDP or ICMP header.
1252 get_udphdr(ip6, lim)
1253 struct ip6_hdr *ip6;
1256 u_char *cp = (u_char *)ip6, nh;
1259 if (cp + sizeof(*ip6) >= lim)
1263 cp += sizeof(struct ip6_hdr);
1265 while (lim - cp >= 8) {
1270 case IPPROTO_ICMPV6:
1271 return(useicmp ? (struct udphdr *)cp : NULL);
1273 return(useicmp ? NULL : (struct udphdr *)cp);
1274 case IPPROTO_FRAGMENT:
1275 hlen = sizeof(struct ip6_frag);
1276 nh = ((struct ip6_frag *)cp)->ip6f_nxt;
1279 hlen = (((struct ip6_ext *)cp)->ip6e_len + 2) << 2;
1280 nh = ((struct ip6_ext *)cp)->ip6e_nxt;
1283 hlen = (((struct ip6_ext *)cp)->ip6e_len + 1) << 3;
1284 nh = ((struct ip6_ext *)cp)->ip6e_nxt;
1296 struct msghdr *mhdr;
1299 struct sockaddr_in6 *from = (struct sockaddr_in6 *)mhdr->msg_name;
1300 char hbuf[NI_MAXHOST];
1302 if (getnameinfo((struct sockaddr *)from, from->sin6_len,
1303 hbuf, sizeof(hbuf), NULL, 0, NI_NUMERICHOST) != 0)
1304 strlcpy(hbuf, "invalid", sizeof(hbuf));
1306 printf(" %s", hbuf);
1308 printf(" %s (%s)", inetname((struct sockaddr *)from), hbuf);
1310 printf(" %s", inetname((struct sockaddr *)from));
1314 printf(" %d bytes to %s", cc,
1315 rcvpktinfo ? inet_ntop(AF_INET6, &rcvpktinfo->ipi6_addr,
1316 hbuf, sizeof(hbuf)) : "?");
1318 printf(" %d bytes of data to %s", cc,
1319 rcvpktinfo ? inet_ntop(AF_INET6, &rcvpktinfo->ipi6_addr,
1320 hbuf, sizeof(hbuf)) : "?");
1326 * Construct an Internet address representation.
1327 * If the nflag has been supplied, give
1328 * numeric value, otherwise try for symbolic name.
1332 struct sockaddr *sa;
1334 static char line[NI_MAXHOST], domain[MAXHOSTNAMELEN + 1];
1335 static int first = 1;
1338 if (first && !nflag) {
1340 if (gethostname(domain, sizeof(domain)) == 0 &&
1341 (cp = strchr(domain, '.')))
1342 (void) strlcpy(domain, cp + 1, sizeof(domain));
1348 if (getnameinfo(sa, sa->sa_len, line, sizeof(line), NULL, 0,
1349 NI_NAMEREQD) == 0) {
1350 if ((cp = strchr(line, '.')) &&
1351 !strcmp(cp + 1, domain))
1359 if (getnameinfo(sa, sa->sa_len, line, sizeof(line), NULL, 0,
1360 NI_NUMERICHOST) != 0)
1361 strlcpy(line, "invalid", sizeof(line));
1370 "usage: traceroute6 [-dIlnrv] [-f firsthop] [-g gateway] [-m hoplimit]\n"
1371 " [-p port] [-q probes] [-s src] [-w waittime] target [datalen]\n");