Add missing sockaddr length and family validation to various protocols

Add missing sockaddr length and family validation to various protocols

Several protocol methods take a sockaddr as input.  In some cases the
sockaddr lengths were not being validated, or were validated after some
out-of-bounds accesses could occur.  Add requisite checking to various
protocol entry points, and convert some existing checks to assertions
where appropriate.

Reported by:	syzkaller+KASAN
Reviewed by:	tuexen, melifaro
Sponsored by:	The FreeBSD Foundation
Differential Revision:	https://reviews.freebsd.org/D29519

(cherry picked from commit f161d294b92732df6254a89f393ab24999e122bf)