Warner Losh [Thu, 21 Jul 2016 03:11:37 +0000 (03:11 +0000)]
Remove some bogus comments and printfs. Also, we can't
cam_periph_releaes_locked() at the end of nvme_probe_start because we
hit an assertion which may be bogus. Instead, leak a periph until we
sort it out. Since these devices don't arrive and depart often, so
this is the lessor of two evils.
imgact_elf: Rename the segment iterator to match reality
The each_writable_segment routine evaluates segments on a slightly little more
nuanced metric than simply "writable" or not. Rename the function to more
closely match its behavior (each_dumpable_segment).
A follow-up to r303099, D7255. Basically, apply the exact same change, with
the exact same rationale, to gcore. gcore's elfcore.c is largely a clone of
the kernel imgact_elf coredump facility.
John Baldwin [Wed, 20 Jul 2016 18:41:47 +0000 (18:41 +0000)]
Update crashinfo to work with newer gdb from ports.
If gdb from ports is installed, use it instead of the base system gdb
to extract variables from a kernel. Note that base gdb and ports gdb
do not support the same options for invoking a single command in batch
mode, so a wrapper shell function is used. In addition, prefer kgdb
from ports when generating a backtrace if present.
Andrew Turner [Wed, 20 Jul 2016 17:19:47 +0000 (17:19 +0000)]
We will be switching to a new arm64 uart cpu driver that handles both FDT
and ACPI. As such pull out what will be the common parts of the FDT cpu
detection to a new function that can be shared between them.
Reviewed by: manu
Obtained from: ABT Systems Ltd
MFC after: 1 month
Sponsored by: The FreeBSD Foundation
Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D7262
Extend ELF coredump to support more than 65535 segments
The ELF e_phnum field is only 16 bits wide. To support more than 65535 segments
(program headers), Sun's "Linker and Libraries Guide" table 7-7 (or 12-7,
depending on document version) prescribes a special first section header where
sh_info represents the real number of program headers.
Ensure that the UFS directory vnode' vm_object is properly sized
before UFS_BALLOC() is called. I do not believe that this caused any
real issue on FreeBSD because the exclusive vnode lock is held over
the balloc/resize, the change is to make formally correct KPI use.
Based on: the Matthew Dillon' patch from DragonFly BSD
PR: 93942
Reviewed by: mckusick
Tested by: pho
Sponsored by: The FreeBSD Foundation
MFC after: 1 week
Add support for the SID (Security ID Module) on Allwinner A10 and A20.
The rootkey is burnt at production and can't be changed, thus is can be used
as a device unique ID or to generate a MAC address (This is was u-boot does).
The rootkey is exposed as a sysctl (dev.aw_sid.<unit>.rootkey).
https://www.illumos.org/issues/7164
If the pool/dataset command-line argument is specified with a trailing
slash, for example, "tank/", we should interpret it as the topmost
dataset (rather than the whole pool)
Reviewed by: Pavel Zakharov <pavel.zakharov@delphix.com>
Reviewed by: Matthew Ahrens <mahrens@delphix.com>
Approved by: Robert Mustacchi <rm@joyent.com>
Author: Tim Chase <tim@chase2k.com>
PR: 204661
MFC after: 1 week
Relnotes: yes
https://www.illumos.org/issues/6391
When using zdb with non-default SPA config file it is not convenient
to add -U <non-default-config-file-path> all the time. This commit
introduces support for setting/overriding SPA config location via
environment variable 'SPA_CONFIG_PATH'.
If -U flag is specified in the command line it will override any other
value as usual.
Reviewed by: Brian Behlendorf <behlendorf1@llnl.gov>
Reviewed by: Richard Yao <ryao@gentoo.org>
Reviewed by: Matthew Ahrens <mahrens@delphix.com>
Reviewed by: Will Andrews <will@freebsd.org>
Reviewed by: George Wilson <george.wilson@delphix.com>
Approved by: Robert Mustacchi <rm@joyent.com>
Author: Cyril Plisko <cyril.plisko@mountall.com>
MFC after: 1 week
https://www.illumos.org/issues/7164
If the pool/dataset command-line argument is specified with a trailing
slash, for example, "tank/", we should interpret it as the topmost
dataset (rather than the whole pool)
Reviewed by: Pavel Zakharov <pavel.zakharov@delphix.com>
Reviewed by: Matthew Ahrens <mahrens@delphix.com>
Approved by: Robert Mustacchi <rm@joyent.com>
Author: Tim Chase <tim@chase2k.com>
https://www.illumos.org/issues/6391
When using zdb with non-default SPA config file it is not convenient
to add -U <non-default-config-file-path> all the time. This commit
introduces support for setting/overriding SPA config location via
environment variable 'SPA_CONFIG_PATH'.
If -U flag is specified in the command line it will override any other
value as usual.
Reviewed by: Brian Behlendorf <behlendorf1@llnl.gov>
Reviewed by: Richard Yao <ryao@gentoo.org>
Reviewed by: Matthew Ahrens <mahrens@delphix.com>
Reviewed by: Will Andrews <will@freebsd.org>
Reviewed by: George Wilson <george.wilson@delphix.com>
Approved by: Robert Mustacchi <rm@joyent.com>
Author: Cyril Plisko <cyril.plisko@mountall.com>
https://www.illumos.org/issues/7163
Running zloop from zfs-precommit hit this assertion:
*panicstr/s
0xfffffd7fd7419370: assertion failed for thread 0xfffffd7fe29ed240,
thread-id 577: parent != NULL, file ../../../uts/common/fs/zfs/dbuf.c, line
1827
$c
libc.so.1`_lwp_kill+0xa()
libc.so.1`_assfail+0x182(fffffd7ffb1c29fa, fffffd7ffb1cc028, 723)
libc.so.1`assfail+0x19(fffffd7ffb1c29fa, fffffd7ffb1cc028, 723)
libzpool.so.1`dbuf_dirty+0xc69(10e3bc10, 3601700)
libzpool.so.1`dbuf_dirty+0x61e(10c73640, 3601700)
libzpool.so.1`dbuf_dirty+0x61e(10e28280, 3601700)
libzpool.so.1`dmu_buf_will_fill+0x64(10e28280, 3601700)
libzpool.so.1`dmu_write+0x1b6(2c7e640, d, 400000002e000000, 200, 3717b40, 3601700)
ztest_replay_write+0x568(4950d0, 3717a80, 0)
ztest_write+0x125(4950d0, d, 400000002e000000, 200, 413f000)
ztest_io+0x1bb(4950d0, d, 400000002e000000)
ztest_dmu_write_parallel+0xaa(4950d0, 6)
ztest_execute+0x83(1, 420c98, 6)
ztest_thread+0xf4(6)
libc.so.1`_thrp_setup+0x8a(fffffd7fe29ed240)
libc.so.1`_lwp_start()
This is another manifestation of ECKSUM in ztest:
The lowest level ancestor that’s in memory is the L8 (topmost). The L7
ancestor is blkid 0x10:
::dbufs -O 0x2c7e640 -o d -l 7 |::dbuf
addr object lvl blkid holds os 600be50 d 7 4 1 ztest/ds_6 719d880 d 7 0 4 ztest/ds_6
Reviewed by: George Wilson <george.wilson@delphix.com>
Reviewed by: Paul Dagnelie <pcd@delphix.com>
Approved by: Robert Mustacchi <rm@joyent.com>
Author: Matthew Ahrens <mahrens@delphix.com>
https://www.illumos.org/issues/6451
Sometimes ztest fails because zdb detects checksum errors. e.g.:
Traversing all blocks to verify checksums and verify nothing leaked ...
zdb_blkptr_cb: Got error 50 reading <71, 47, 0, 8000160> DVA0=<0:1cc2000:
180000> [L0 other uint64[]] sha256 uncompressed LE contiguou
s unique single size=100000L/100000P birth=271L/271P fill=1
cksum=c5a3e27d1ed0f894:843bca3a5473c4bf:f76a19b6830a2e4:91292591613a12bf --
skipping
zdb_blkptr_cb: Got error 50 reading <71, 47, 0, 800000180> DVA0=<0:ce16800:
180000> [L0 other uint64[]] sha256 uncompressed LE contigu
ous unique single size=100000L/100000P birth=840L/840P fill=1
cksum=5d018f3d061e17f3:6d1584784587bf63:2805a74a0ce37369:ba68a214806c7e75
-- skipping
zdb_blkptr_cb: Got error 50 reading <71, 47, 0, 1000000360> DVA0=<0:10d37400:
180000> [L0 other uint64[]] sha256 uncompressed LE conti
guous unique single size=100000L/100000P birth=904L/904P fill=1
cksum=fa1e11d4138bd14b:86c9488c444473e3:f31e43c72e72e46b:e3446472d1174d
ba -- skipping
zdb_blkptr_cb: Got error 50 reading <71, 47, 0, 400000002c0> DVA0=<0:127ef400:
180000> [L0 other uint64[]] sha256 uncompressed LE cont
iguous dedup single size=100000L/100000P birth=549L/549P fill=1
cksum=30e14955ebf13522:66dc2ff8067e6810:4607e750abb9d3b3:6582b8af909fcb
58 -- skipping
zdb_blkptr_cb: Got error 50 reading <657, 5, 0, 1c0> DVA0=<0:1a180400:180000>
[L0 other uint64[]] fletcher4 uncompressed LE contiguou
s unique single size=100000L/100000P birth=1091L/1091P fill=1 cksum=a6cf1e50: 29b3bd01c57e5:36779b914035db9a:db61cdcf6bec56f0 -- skippin
g
The problem is that ztest_fault_inject() can inject multiple faults into the
same block. It is designed such that it can inject errors on all leafs of a
RAID-Z or mirror, but for a given range of offsets, it will only inject errors
Reviewed by: George Wilson <george.wilson@delphix.com>
Reviewed by: Prakash Surya <prakash.surya@delphix.com>
Reviewed by: Jorgen Lundman <lundman@lundman.net>
Approved by: Dan McDonald <danmcd@omniti.com>
Author: Matthew Ahrens <mahrens@delphix.com>
Reviewed by: Matthew Ahrens <mahrens@delphix.com>
Reviewed by: Prakash Surya <prakash.surya@delphix.com>
Approved by: Robert Mustacchi <rm@joyent.com>
Author: George Wilson <george.wilson@delphix.com>
https://www.illumos.org/issues/7086
In dbuf_dirty(), we need to grab the dn_struct_rwlock before looking at the
db_blkptr, to prevent it from being changed by syncing context.
Otherwise we may see that ztest got a segfault from this stack:
libzpool.so.1`dva_get_dsize_sync+0x98(872f000, b32b240, fed7811b, 0, b4cda20, 0)
libzpool.so.1`bp_get_dsize+0x60(872f000, b32b240, 0, 97cb780, 9d4c1a8, 0)
libzpool.so.1`dbuf_dirty+0x9b3(ce0a100, 97cb780, 9, fecd2530)
libzpool.so.1`dmu_buf_will_dirty+0xc3(ce0a100, 97cb780, ea293d6c, 1)
libzpool.so.1`zap_lockdir+0x1a0(8aaa3c0, 1, 0, 97cb780, 1, 1)
libzpool.so.1`zap_remove_norm+0x30(8aaa3c0, 1, 0, 8728b10, 0, 97cb780)
libzpool.so.1`zap_remove+0x29(8aaa3c0, 1, 0, 8728b10, 97cb780, a)
ztest_replay_remove+0x225(ea294588, 8728ae8, 0, 38010000, 0, 0)
ztest_remove+0x9f(ea294588, ea293f50, 4, 3)
ztest_object_init+0x78(ea294588, ea293f50, 4e0, 1)
ztest_dmu_object_alloc_free+0x71(ea294588, 13)
ztest_dmu_objset_create_destroy+0x224(80cef08, 13, 0, 805d36c, 9017ad44, 0)
ztest_execute+0x89(a, 807c720, 13, 0)
ztest_thread+0xea(13, 0, 0, 0)
libc.so.1`_thrp_setup+0x88(f0983240)
libc.so.1`_lwp_start(f0983240, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0)
Looking into it a bit, we see that this is an embedded blockpointer, so
BP_GET_NDVAS should have returned 0: b32b240::blkptr
EMBEDDED [L0 ZAP_OTHER] et=0 LZ4 size=200L/4aP birth=80L
Instead, it looks like another thread is modifying this blockpointer: b32b240::ugrep | ::whatis f47a0e0c is in [ stack tid=0x19f ] ebd6ec40 is in [ stack tid=0x226 ] ea293bd0 is in [ stack tid=0x244 ] ea293be4 is in [ stack tid=0x244 ]
Reviewed by: Prakash Surya <prakash.surya@delphix.com>
Reviewed by: George Wilson <george.wilson@delphix.com>
Approved by: Robert Mustacchi <rm@joyent.com>
Author: Matthew Ahrens <mahrens@delphix.com>
https://www.illumos.org/issues/7072
upstream:
38733 zfs fails to expand if lun added when os is in shutdown state
DLPX-36910 spares and caches should not display expandable space
DLPX-39262 vdev_disk_open spam zfs_dbgmsg buffer
Reviewed by: Igor Kozhukhov <ikozhukhov@gmail.com>
Reviewed by: Dan Kimmel <dan.kimmel@delphix.com>
Reviewed by: Matthew Ahrens <mahrens@delphix.com>
Reviewed by: Prakash Surya <prakash.surya@delphix.com>
Reviewed by: Alex Reece <alex@delphix.com>
Approved by: Dan McDonald <danmcd@omniti.com>
Author: George Wilson <george.wilson@delphix.com>
Fix the following panic seen when migrating a FreeBSD guest on Xen:
panic: mtx_lock() of destroyed mutex @ /usr/src/sys/dev/fb/vesa.c:541
cpuid = 0
KDB: stack backtrace:
db_trace_self_wrapper() at db_trace_self_wrapper+0x2b/frame 0xfffffe001d2fa4f0
vpanic() at vpanic+0x182/frame 0xfffffe001d2fa570
kassert_panic() at kassert_panic+0x126/frame 0xfffffe001d2fa5e0
__mtx_lock_flags() at __mtx_lock_flags+0x15b/frame 0xfffffe001d2fa630
vesa_bios_save_restore() at vesa_bios_save_restore+0x78/frame 0xfffffe001d2fa680
vga_suspend() at vga_suspend+0xa3/frame 0xfffffe001d2fa6b0
isavga_suspend() at isavga_suspend+0x1d/frame 0xfffffe001d2fa6d0
bus_generic_suspend_child() at bus_generic_suspend_child+0x44/frame
[...]
This is caused because vga_sub_configure (which is called if the VGA adapter
is attached after VESA tried to initialize), points to vesa_configure, which
doesn't initialize the VESA mutex. In order to fix it, make sure
vga_sub_configure points to vesa_load, so that all the needed vesa
components are properly initialized.
Sponsored by: Citrix Systems R&D
MFC after: 3 days
PR: 209203
Reviewed by: dumbbell
Differential revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D7196
1) Per POSIX (and glibc) GLOB_NOCHECK should return original pattern,
unmodified, if no matches found. But our original code strips all '\'
returning it. Rewrite the code to allow to reconstruct exact the
original pattern with backslashes for this case.
2) Prevent to use truncated pattern if MAXPATHLEN exceeded, return
GLOB_NOMATCH instead.
3) Fix few end loop conditions filling Char arrays with mbrtowc(),
MB_CUR_MAX is unneeded in two places and condition is less by one
in other place.
4) Prevent to use truncated filenames match if MAXPATHLEN exceeded,
skip such directory entries.
5) Don't end *pathend with L'/' in glob3() if limit is reached, this
change will be not visible since error is returned.
6) If error happens in (*readdirfunc)(), do the same GLOB_ABORTED
processing as for g_opendir() as POSIX requires.
Ed Maste [Wed, 20 Jul 2016 03:13:02 +0000 (03:13 +0000)]
libunwind: Properly align _Unwind_Exception.
_Unwind_Exception is required to be double word aligned. GCC has
interpreted this to mean "use the maximum useful alignment for the
target" so follow that lead.
Mark Johnston [Wed, 20 Jul 2016 01:01:50 +0000 (01:01 +0000)]
Release the second critical section in uma_zfree_arg() slightly earlier.
It is only needed when removing a full bucket from the per-CPU cache. The
bucket cache (uz_buckets) is protected by the zone mutex and thus the
critical section can be released before inserting into that list.
Mark Johnston [Wed, 20 Jul 2016 00:02:10 +0000 (00:02 +0000)]
Merge {amd64,i386}/instr_size.c into x86_instr_size.c.
Also reduce the diff between us and upstream: the input data model will
always be DATAMODEL_NATIVE because of a bug (p_model is never set but is
always initialized to 0), so we don't need to override the caller anyway.
This change is also necessary to support the pid provider for 32-bit
processes on amd64.
Pedro F. Giffuni [Tue, 19 Jul 2016 20:22:13 +0000 (20:22 +0000)]
libc: tag the Rune initialization function prototypes visibility as hidden.
It is good practice to export as few symbols as possible from your shared
libraries, so use the GCC visibility attribute in this case, matching what
Apple's libc does.
Scott Long [Tue, 19 Jul 2016 19:09:23 +0000 (19:09 +0000)]
Supporting flushing the dump before returning, and simplify/combine the
logic. Switch to a 5us delay since most NVME devices can easily do 200,000
iops.
Submitted by: imp
MFC after: 3 days
Sponsored by: Netflix, Inc.
Ed Maste [Tue, 19 Jul 2016 18:40:54 +0000 (18:40 +0000)]
makefs: sync NetBSD IDs with upstream for changes that we already have
May 22 21:51:39 2011 +0000 (christos):
From Nathan Whitehorn (nwhitehorn at freebsd dot org):
Add code to generate bootable ISOs on Powermac and CHRP systems.
Synthesize some partition maps (APM and MBR, respectively) pointing
to (a) the whole disk, and (b) relevant El Torito boot images that
have been added by other code. These partition maps are a little
bit funny looking, but they seem to work. FreeBSD has been using
this successfully in their release generation on powerpc, as well
as generating all non-SPARC install media. SPARC support could
probably be added as an extension of this patch.
makefs.8 1.33
Tue Aug 23 17:09:11 2011 +0000 (christos):
PR/45285: Martin Matuska: makefs does not properly convert ISO level 1 and 2
filenames (buffer overflow)
makefs does not properly verify the maximum filename length in the
special "." case for both ISO level 1 and ISO level 2 filename
conversion. This creates broken images or causes a buffer overflow
(ISO level 2).
ISO level 1:
If a filename contains only dots or up to 8 characters followed by
dots the 8+3 limit check doesn't work.
ISO level 2:
If a filename contains a dot in the first 30 characters and a dot
on the 30th character, the length limit check doesn't work and the
buffer is overflowed.
Randall Stewart [Tue, 19 Jul 2016 18:31:19 +0000 (18:31 +0000)]
This reverts out Gleb's changes and adds three small
fixes that I think closes up the races Gleb was
looking for. This is running quite nicely in Netflix and
now no longer causes TCP-tcb leaks.
Ed Maste [Tue, 19 Jul 2016 18:15:22 +0000 (18:15 +0000)]
makefs: reorder 'usage' alphabetically
From NetBSD, Mon Aug 15 14:45:01 2011 +0000 (wiz)
Re-order `usage' alphabetically;
rename option arguments in the manpage's `SYNOPSIS' section to
match those from `usage' (not the other way around; the `usage'-line
(and other parts of makefs.c) contain the correct names);
minor punctuation improvements.
Mark Murray [Tue, 19 Jul 2016 18:07:47 +0000 (18:07 +0000)]
Random bit generator (RBG) driver for RPi and RPi2.
Summary:
This driver supports the following methods to trigger gathering random bits from the hardware:
1. interrupt when the FIFO is full (default) fed into the harvest queue
2. callout (when BCM2835_RNG_USE_CALLOUT is defined) every second if hz is less than 100, otherwise hz / 100, feeding the random bits into the harvest queue
If the kernel is booted with verbose enabled, the contents of the registers will be dumped after the RBG is started during the attach routine.
Author: hackagadget_gmail.com (Stephen J. Kiernan)
Test Plan: Built RPI2 kernel and booted on board. Tested the different methods to feed the harvest queue (callout, interrupt) and the interrupt driven approach seems best. However, keeping the other method for people to be able to experiment with.
Ed Maste [Tue, 19 Jul 2016 18:05:25 +0000 (18:05 +0000)]
Include makewhatis in ITOOLS when MK_MAN_UTILS is true
Previously it was conditional on MK_MAN. It's possible to build
FreeBSD with man pages but without man page tools. MK_MAN_UTILS
is the conditional used in share/man/Makefile for determining whether
makewhatis is executed at install time, so it is the proper one for
ITOOLS as well.
Ed Maste [Tue, 19 Jul 2016 17:15:07 +0000 (17:15 +0000)]
clang++: Always use --eh-frame-hdr on FreeBSD, even for -static
FreeBSD uses LLVM's libunwind on FreeBSD/arm64 today (and we expect to
use it more widely in the future) and it requires the EH frame segment
in static binaries.
Reviewed by: dim
Obtained from: Clang commit r266123
MFC after: 3 days
Relnotes: yes
Sponsored by: The FreeBSD Foundation
Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D7250
Andrew Turner [Tue, 19 Jul 2016 16:02:07 +0000 (16:02 +0000)]
Add missing flags from acpidump. These are defined in the header, but not
printed. The HW_REDUCED flag is useful as it should be set on arm64 to
comply with the ARM Server Base Boot Requirements.
Obtained from: ABT Systems Ltd
MFC after: 1 month
Sponsored by: The FreeBSD Foundation
Use g_resize_provider() to change the size of GEOM_DISK provider,
when it is being opened. This should fix the possible loss of a resize
event when disk capacity changed.
PR: 211028
Reported by: Dexuan Cui <decui at microsoft dot com>
MFC after: 3 weeks
The keep-state, limit and check-state now will have additional argument
flowname. This flowname will be assigned to dynamic rule by keep-state
or limit opcode. And then can be matched by check-state opcode or
O_PROBE_STATE internal opcode. To reduce possible breakage and to maximize
compatibility with old rulesets default flowname introduced.
It will be assigned to the rules when user has omitted state name in
keep-state and check-state opcodes. Also if name is ambiguous (can be
evaluated as rule opcode) it will be replaced to default.
Ed Maste [Tue, 19 Jul 2016 00:47:00 +0000 (00:47 +0000)]
llvm-libunwind: use conventional (non-Darwin) X86 register numbers
For historical reasons Darwin/i386 has ebp and esp swapped in the
eh_frame register numbering. That is:
Darwin Other
Reg # eh_frame eh_frame DWARF
===== ======== ======== =====
4 ebp esp esp
5 esp ebp ebp
Although the UNW_X86_* constants are not supposed to be coupled to
DWARF / eh_frame numbering they are currently conflated in LLVM
libunwind, and thus we require the non-Darwin numbering.
MFC after: 3 days
Sponsored by: The FreeBSD Foundation
Adrian Chadd [Tue, 19 Jul 2016 00:27:17 +0000 (00:27 +0000)]
[ath] don't do LDPC, STBC or short-gi for locationing frames.
The 11n duration calculation function in net80211 and the HAL round /up/
the duration calculation for short-gi, so we can't use that.
The 11n duration calculation doesn't know about the extra symbol time
needed for STBC, nor the LDPC encoding duration, so we can't use
that.
This (along with other, local hacks) allow the locationing services to
get down to around 200nS (yes, nanoseconds) of variance when speaking
to a "good" AP.
g_Ctoc() conversion buffers are smaller than needed up to MB_CUR_MAX - 1
since whole conversion needs a room for (len >= MB_CUR_MAX). It is no
difference when MB_CUR_MAX == 1, but for multi-byte locales last few chars
('\0' and before) may need just one byte, and the rest of MB_CUR_MAX - 1
space becomes unavailable in the MAXPATHLEN-sized buffer, which cause
conversion error on near MAXPATHLEN long pathes.
Increase g_Ctoc() conversion buffers to MB_LEN_MAX - 1.
Add ipfw_nptv6 module that implements Network Prefix Translation for IPv6
as defined in RFC 6296. The module works together with ipfw(4) and
implemented as its external action module. When it is loaded, it registers
as eaction and can be used in rules. The usage pattern is similar to
ipfw_nat(4). All matched by rule traffic goes to the NPT module.
1) Add all characters from ~ expansion as protected to be not interpreted
as pattern meta chars.
2) GLOB_ERR and gl_errfunc are supposed to work only for real directories
per POSIX, so don't act on missing or plain files, for ENOENT or ENOTDIR
(as TODO in the code suggested).
3) Remove the hack in the manpage describing how to skip ENOENT and ENOTDIR
in gl_errfunc, it is unneeded now.
4) Set errno to ENAMETOOLONG if g_Ctoc() expansion fails in g_opendir(),
as in other places in the code which are wrappers around system functions.