This allows the "Multi user" in "[B]oot Multi user" to be substituted
with another string, for example with "Installer" in installer media.
Note that this is lua-only at the moment, since loader.4th's menu.rc
defines the alternate name as Boot [M]ulti User, unlike lualoader which
leaves it as [B]oot Multi user. Ideally loader.4th would adopt the newer
and simpler lualoader behaviour and then it could gain support for this
option, but loader.4th is on the way out and isn't used by any official
installer media so this is not a significant concern.
Add a smbios.bios.revision kenv, which contains the system BIOS revision
as defined in SMBIOS specification, section 3.3.1.
Since the revision is stored in two separate byte fields,
the smbios_setenv helper can't be used.
Read and construct the kenv manually instead.
Warner Losh [Thu, 1 Sep 2022 17:06:43 +0000 (11:06 -0600)]
kboot: add minmalist init functionality
It is desirable to run kboot as the first program in some LinuxBoot
environments. This is the traditional "pid 1" or "init" program. When
running as pid 1. rovide a minimal environment based on what sysvinit,
u-root, initramfs-tools and other like projects do. We mount /dev, /sys,
/proc, make symlinks from /dev/fd to /dev/proc, and create /tmp, /run,
and /var. We also setup stdin/out/err to the console, set the tty
characteristics of same and block the appropriate signals.
This is indended as an environment that never does a fork/exec. If
that's required, the process groups, session leaders and all things
POSIX terminal handlers will need to be added.
Unlike the general purpose linux projects in this area, no attempt is
made to support very old kernels.
Warner Losh [Thu, 1 Sep 2022 17:05:42 +0000 (11:05 -0600)]
stand: separate the command lookup from the command execution
Factor out interp_lookup_cmd to search for a command from
interp_builtin_cmd. This simplifies the latter and can be used to expand
lua to ask if a command exists.
Warner Losh [Thu, 1 Sep 2022 16:34:30 +0000 (10:34 -0600)]
stand: Document EFI consoles
Document how EFI consoles work, at least on x86. There's a number of
weird quirks and limitations that are generally known, but not
documented until now. Include information on how EFI decides what the
defualt console is, how to set it and how to cope with common
situations. Note limitations and mismatch between ACPI (which uses UID
to identify a device) and our console code (which uses a raw address)
and explain why we can't translate between them in the loader.
Warner Losh [Fri, 26 Aug 2022 21:47:21 +0000 (15:47 -0600)]
stand: Document that boot0 uses BIOS
And thus has a limited range of supported baud rates. Also add that
setting BOOT_BOOT0_COMCONSOLE_SPEED=0 will leave it unchanged which
sometimes can give you 115200 if the BIOS initialized things outside of
the normal BIOS baud rates (which many x86 enbedded-targetted boards
do).
Warner Losh [Fri, 26 Aug 2022 21:46:33 +0000 (15:46 -0600)]
stand: More sensible defaults when ConOut is missing
When ConOut is missing, we used to default to serial. Except we did it
in the worst way possible by just setting the howto bits and not
updating the console setting, which lead to weird behavior where we'd
get some things on the video port, others on serial.
Instead, set console to "efi,comconsole" for this case. Also set
RB_MULTIPLE always (so we get dual consoles from the kernel) and or in
RB_SERIAL when we can't find GOPs that suggest the precense of a video
console. This will put output in the most places and have a sensible
default for 'primary' console.
Sponsored by: Netflix
Reviewed by: emaste, manu
Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D36299
Warner Losh [Fri, 12 Aug 2022 04:59:51 +0000 (22:59 -0600)]
stand: Raise limit to 550,000 bytes for loader
Raise the limit for /boot/loader to be 550k. The IBM PC imposes a limit
of 640k of RAM below 1MB, which is needed for real mode calls. BTX takes
40k of that. The BIOS takes some amount (25k seems a good "99% take less
than or equal to this" estimate for that, though some systems consume
more). Most typical setups need 25k of stack. This leaves 550k for
code. We set the limit to 550,000 which gives about an extra 13,000
bytes of buffer for machines that whose setups use a little more stack
or whose BIOS reserves a bit more...
Add this derivation in the Makefile. Also recommend setting LOADERSIZE
lower in /etc/src.conf when the loader has to run on a system whose BIOS
takes up more space, or for a complex setup. Add a recipe for how to
find how much RAM your BIOS uses as well (thanks to jhb@ for the
trick). Network cards that boot via PXE and HBAs with their BIOS enabled
are known to be large consumers of lomem space.
Warner Losh [Thu, 11 Aug 2022 23:29:10 +0000 (17:29 -0600)]
stand: Go back to a.out format for /boot/loader
Turns out there's two hidden a.out dependencies. pxeldr.S assumes it has
access to the a.out header from /boot/loader and cdboot.S assumes that
/boot/loader is also a.out and doesn't use boot2.
So, go back to making a.out files for these and adjust the size checks
to use ls, but we only need to check loader.bin. Trim the size we check
against by 2,000. The difference in size between loader and loader.bin
is about 3000 bytes, but clang15 produces binaries that are a smidge
bigger so we need to relax the check just a little and accept some
additional risk for the moment.
Add some comments to loader's Makefile about this.
Warner Losh [Thu, 11 Aug 2022 16:24:58 +0000 (10:24 -0600)]
stand: Make BIOS loader size limits settable
It's sometimes desirable to override the size limit: It's a soft limit
and there are times we exceed the limit by just a little bit and don't
want the build to fail (or we are hitting runtime failures below the
510,000 byte limit).
Warner Losh [Thu, 11 Aug 2022 15:08:26 +0000 (09:08 -0600)]
stand: userboot_fmtdev can be reduced to devformat
devformat produces the same output as userboot_fmtdev, so just use it to
reduce on the dependencies. In addition, we don't need to use the
incomplete struct userboot_devdesc type, we can use struct devdesc
instead (in fact, there's no userboot_devdesc defined anywhere).
Warner Losh [Thu, 11 Aug 2022 15:07:13 +0000 (09:07 -0600)]
stand: Use devformat instead of disk_devfmt
Use devformat instead of disk_devfmt. This allows us to avoid knowing
the details of the device that's underneath us. Remove disk.h include
and the -I${LDRSRC} from the build of ufs.c since they are no longer
needed.
Warner Losh [Thu, 11 Aug 2022 15:06:53 +0000 (09:06 -0600)]
stand: Use devformat rather than disk_devfmt
Fix layering violation and use devformat to get the string
representation of the device to see if we're mounted yet or not. Remove
added include to pickup disk.h.
Warner Losh [Thu, 11 Aug 2022 15:06:28 +0000 (09:06 -0600)]
stand: Add disk_fmtdev for dv_fmtdev for all the disk devices
All of the archsw fmtdev functions treat DEVT_DISK as a call to
disk_fmtdev. Set all disks' dv_fmtdev to disk_fmtdev so devformat
will return the same thing.
Warner Losh [Thu, 11 Aug 2022 15:05:34 +0000 (09:05 -0600)]
stand: Add dv_devfmt to return a string represenation of the device
Add a new pointer, dv_devfmt, to allow devices to format themselves. We
will use this to simplify many of the fmtdev functions in the tree as
they are all almost the same, or all are isomorphic to each other.
Warner Losh [Thu, 11 Aug 2022 15:04:50 +0000 (09:04 -0600)]
stand: Change disk_fmtdev to take a struct devdesc *
We do a number of games with ploymorphism for different types struct
*devdesc. Adjust one place that this affects to take the address of the
base class (most others have void * at the moment). This is more type
safe than a bare void *.
Warner Losh [Thu, 11 Aug 2022 15:04:08 +0000 (09:04 -0600)]
stand: Move i386_devdesc to a union
Rather than have the magic, hand-crafted fields that have to align with
fields in other structures at the end of i386_devdesc, make it into
anonymous union and adjust the code accordingly. This is safer and
similar to what CAM does.
Warner Losh [Thu, 11 Aug 2022 03:19:01 +0000 (21:19 -0600)]
stand: impose 510,000 byte limit for /boot/loader and /boot/pxeldr
The BIOS method of booting imposes an absolute limit of 640k for the
size of the program being run due to btx. In practice, this means that
programs larger than about 500kiB will fail in odd ways as the stack /
heap will overflow.
Pick 510,000 as the cutoff line semi-arbitrarily. loader_lua is now
almost too big and we want to break the build when it crosses this
threshold. In my experience, below 500,000 always works, above 520,000
always seems to fail with things getting bad somewhere between 512,000
to 515,000. 510,000 is as close to the line as I think we can go, though
experience may dictate we need to lower this in the future.
This is at-best a stop-breakage until we have a better way to subset the
boot loader for BIOS booting to allow better, more fined-tuned
/boot/loaders for the many different environments they have to run
in. This likely means we'll have a graphical loader than understands a
few filesystmes for installation, and a non-graphical loader that
understands the most filesystems possible for everything else in the
future. Our build infrastructure needs some work before we can do that,
however.
At this late date, it likely isn't worth the efforts to move parts of
the loader into high memory. There's a number of assumptions about where
the stack is, where buffers reside, etc that are fulfilled when it lives
in the first 640k that would need bounce buffers and/or other counter
measures if we were to split it up. All BIOS calls are done in 16-bit
mode with SEG:OFF addresses, requiring them to be in the first 640k of
RAM. And nearly all machines in the last decade can boot with UEFI
(though there's some exceptions, so it isn't worth killing outright
yet).
Warner Losh [Thu, 11 Aug 2022 03:18:32 +0000 (21:18 -0600)]
stand: i386/amd64: Always use elf format for /boot/loader and pxeldr
The first level boot blocks have understood how to load ELF code since
1999. Switch /boot/loader and /boot/pxeldr over to being ELF format so
that in-tree tools can examine them more closely. In addition, one
could, in theory, now have a 'lo-mem' and a 'hi-mem' segment (though a
lot of work would need to be done with bounce buffers, btx, code segment
marking, etc for an arrangement like that to work).
As far as I can tell, this is the last a.out binary in the tree. There
are several raw binaries left, but everything else is ELF.
Warner Losh [Wed, 3 Aug 2022 16:50:14 +0000 (10:50 -0600)]
stand: use snprintf here
This code was written prior to snprintf being in the then libstand (now
libsa). Since we have it, use it for extra safety. The code already
tries to be safe, but since we have snprintf as well, the added layer of
protection will suffice. The current code reserves 16 bytes (plus a NUL)
at the end for worst case of inet_ntoa, which is still a little
pessimal, but safe from overflow.
Warner Losh [Sat, 30 Jul 2022 11:01:47 +0000 (05:01 -0600)]
stand: Add a helper 'universe' target
Add a shortcut for invokging ${SRCTOP}/tools/boot/universe.sh by
creating a 'universe' target in src/stand. This will make it easier to
test out all the different combinations of boot loaders that we build.
Warner Losh [Sat, 30 Jul 2022 10:43:21 +0000 (04:43 -0600)]
stand: Move quit command to common commands
Since both EFI and the future kboot will benefit from a 'quit' command,
move it from efi/loader/main.c to common/commands.c. In EFI this command
exits back to the boot loader (which will cause the next BootXXXX in the
BootOrder list to be attempted). In kboot, this will exit back to
whatever called loader.kboot. In uboot this will cause a reset (which
will restart uboot, not quite a simple exit, but will look similar)
and in OFW it will execute OF_exit which should return to the
openfirmware prompt.
Sponsored by: Netflix
[[ tweaked because mips is still in stable/13 leading to conflict ]]
Warner Losh [Tue, 26 Jul 2022 23:39:45 +0000 (17:39 -0600)]
kboot: Make console raw when we start
Put the console into raw mode on startup. This allows the menus to work
as expected. Boot is now interruptable.
Note: Likely should restore the terminal settings on most exists. It's
not clear the best way to do this, and most shells have an auto stty
sane anyway, so note it for future improvement.
Warner Losh [Tue, 26 Jul 2022 23:31:23 +0000 (17:31 -0600)]
kboot: implement stripped down termios
Implement a stripped down termios, obtained from various files in musl
and HOST_ or host_ prepended to most things and a few unavoidable style
tweaks. Only implements the bits of termios we need for the boot loader:
put the terminal into raw mode, restore terminal settings and speed
stuff.
Warner Losh [Thu, 28 Jul 2022 21:18:08 +0000 (15:18 -0600)]
kboot: Add host_exit and use it to implement exit()
Clients of libsa are expected to implement exit(). The current exit just
loops forever. It is better to really exit: when running as init that
will reboot the system. When not running as init, other programs can
recover (not that we support running as init, but when we do in the
future, this is still the rigtht thing).
Warner Losh [Mon, 11 Jul 2022 23:49:11 +0000 (17:49 -0600)]
kboot: aarch64 support
Add support for aarch64. exec.c and ldscript are copied from the EFI
version with #ifdefs for the differences. Once complete, I'll refactor
them. host_syscall.S implements a generic system call. tramp.S is a
first attempt to create a tramoline that we can use to jump to the
aarch64 kernel. Add aarch64-specific startup and stat files as well.
exec.c tweaked slightly to avoid bringing in bi_load(), which will come
in later. Includes tweaks to stat due to name differences between names
on different Linux architectures.
Warner Losh [Thu, 28 Jul 2022 05:11:12 +0000 (23:11 -0600)]
kboot: Remove RELOC defines, it's unused
This was copied from powerpc/ofw and has never been used. We also don't
care about -DAIM. It's only relevant for in-kernel structures, which we
don't use in this userland program.
Warner Losh [Wed, 27 Jul 2022 14:46:21 +0000 (08:46 -0600)]
stand: Make sure nobody has a NULL pointer for dv_cleanup
dv_cleanup is specified almost everywhere. Use nullsys instead of NULL
to indicate 'do nothing'. Also, be consistent in trailing commas that
were missing before.
Warner Losh [Wed, 27 Jul 2022 14:46:12 +0000 (08:46 -0600)]
stand: Small comment correction
While in theory, once upon a time, dv_type was arch specific, that's
never been the case in FreeBSD (and certaintly isn't in the surviving
drivers). Remove that notation.
Warner Losh [Thu, 30 Jun 2022 18:16:46 +0000 (12:16 -0600)]
kboot: Implement mount(2)
Create a wrapper for the mount system call. To ensure a sane early boot
environment and to gather data we need for kexec, we may need to mount
some special filesystems.
Warner Losh [Thu, 30 Jun 2022 18:25:49 +0000 (12:25 -0600)]
kboot: Implement dup(2)
Early in boot, we need to create the normal stdin/out/err env for the
boot loader to run in. To do that, we need to open the console and
duplicate the file descriptors which requires dup(2). Implement a
wrapper as host_dup.
Warner Losh [Thu, 30 Jun 2022 18:22:33 +0000 (12:22 -0600)]
kboot: Implement symlink(2)
Linux's /dev/fd is implemented inside of /proc/self/fd, so we may need
to create a symlink to it early in boot. "/dev/fd" and "/dev/std*" might
not be strictly required for the boot loader, but should be present for
maximum flexibility.
Warner Losh [Fri, 15 Jul 2022 05:19:18 +0000 (23:19 -0600)]
kboot: Implement stat(2) and fstat(2) system calls
Implement stat(2) and fstat(2) in terms of newfstatat and newfstat
system calls respectively (assume we have a compat #define when
there's no newfstat and just a regular fstat and do so for ppc).
Snag struct kstat (the Linux kernel stat(2), et al interface) from musl
and attribute properly.
Warner Losh [Fri, 1 Jul 2022 17:57:02 +0000 (11:57 -0600)]
kboot: Add HOST_O_ constants for open, etc
Add the common O_ constants for the open, fcntl, etc system calls. They
are different than FreeBSD's. While they can differ based on
architecture, they are constant for architectures we care about, and
those architectures use the 'generic' version so future architectures
will also work.
Warner Losh [Thu, 14 Jul 2022 03:41:17 +0000 (21:41 -0600)]
kboot: Rework _start
Split _start into _start and _start_c (inspired by musl and the powerpc
impl is copied from there). This allows us to actually get the command
line arguments on all the platforms. We have a very simplified startup
that supports only static linking.
Toomas Soome [Wed, 8 Jun 2022 12:23:05 +0000 (15:23 +0300)]
loader.efi: faults could try to print out call trace
with grab_faults, we can try to print out the trace of function calls.
Without symbol table, we can not translate addresses to function names,
but even addresses can help to track the bugs.
For loader functions, print out absolute address, so it could be
searched from objdump -d output.
Warner Losh [Fri, 8 Jul 2022 23:34:53 +0000 (17:34 -0600)]
stand: Fix inclusion of sys/blake3.h
sys/blake3.h is not safe to include in a standalone environment. It
assumes, unwisely, that there's only kernel or userland. The userland
choice is bad due to imperfections in how we handle stdlib.h in this
environment (we wind up including the host's stdlib.h, it expects a
standard FreeBSD setup which the gymnastics we've done to create a
OpenSolaris/Illumos-like environment interfere with). Thankfully, in
this case we can just pretend to be the kernel for a little bit by
defining _KERNEL and the undefing it after we exit.
Warner Losh [Fri, 8 Jul 2022 23:34:46 +0000 (17:34 -0600)]
stand: Work around upstream issues in the standalone environment
There's a number of issues with including zfs_context.h from a
standalone environment. First, sys/uio_imp.h isn't at all safe for this
environment, so define its guard #defines so that its contents are
skipped. Next, there's a problem including string.h to get the mem*
routines, so just define them here. ZFS_MODULE_PARAM_ARGS isn't defined
properly. I had wanted to define it when I was upstreaming changes to
include/os/freebsd/spl/sys/zfs_context.h, but they ran into resistance
so I'm defining that here now (it is also defined in zstd_shim.c, but
that will disappear once the issues it works around are
cleared). Finally, sys/sysmacros.h has to be included now before
sys/atomic.h, but upstream includes it after so include it here so that
the guards make the out-of-order includes in upstream irrelevant.
Warner Losh [Fri, 8 Jul 2022 23:34:23 +0000 (17:34 -0600)]
stand: For ZFS build, add new directory
OpenZFS is based on having a number of layers of include files that
define things and include the next layer. Insert a later at the start
for files in libsa/zfs/spl so we can override issues with upstream
OpenZFS while we work to get the issues corrected upstream.
Various GELI sources need bootstrap.h and disk.h. In theory they
shouldn't need anything outside of libsa, but disk.h and bootstrap.h are
currently required.
Warner Losh [Sat, 2 Jul 2022 14:01:09 +0000 (08:01 -0600)]
amd64/efi: Remove setting hints for rsdp
Given that hints set this way don't work when a static kenv is compiled
into the kernel. acpi.rsdp has been set for this for the past 6 years,
and all kernels in that time have used it in preference to the hints. As
such, we no longer hints.*, so remove them.
Warner Losh [Sat, 2 Jul 2022 14:00:40 +0000 (08:00 -0600)]
loader: Set preferred kenv for acpi.rsdp on arm64
Several years ago, x86 moved from using hints to communicate this
information to using the simpler acpi.rsdp variables. If one compiles
static hints into the kernel, then these hints are ignored. We can
remove this when we branch FreeBSD 15. Thought about BURN_BRIDGES
here, but it's too messy.
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