POSIX compliance improvements in the pthread(3) functions.

POSIX compliance improvements in the pthread(3) functions.

This basically adds makes use of the C99 restrict keyword, and also
adds some 'const's to four threading functions: pthread_mutexattr_gettype(),
pthread_mutexattr_getprioceiling(), pthread_mutexattr_getprotocol(), and
pthread_mutex_getprioceiling. The changes are in accordance to POSIX/SUSv4-2018.

Hinted by:	DragonFlyBSD

Relnotes:	yes
MFC after:	1 month
Differential Revision:	D16722