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1 /*-
2  * Copyright (c) 1991, 1993, 1994
3  *      The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
4  *
5  * This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
6  * Keith Muller of the University of California, San Diego and Lance
7  * Visser of Convex Computer Corporation.
8  *
9  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
10  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
11  * are met:
12  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
13  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
14  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
15  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
16  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
17  * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
18  *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
19  *    without specific prior written permission.
20  *
21  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
22  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
23  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
24  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
25  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
26  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
27  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
28  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
29  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
30  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
31  * SUCH DAMAGE.
32  */
33
34 #if 0
35 #ifndef lint
36 static char const copyright[] =
37 "@(#) Copyright (c) 1991, 1993, 1994\n\
38         The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.\n";
39 #endif /* not lint */
40
41 #ifndef lint
42 static char sccsid[] = "@(#)dd.c        8.5 (Berkeley) 4/2/94";
43 #endif /* not lint */
44 #endif
45 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
46 __FBSDID("$FreeBSD$");
47
48 #include <sys/param.h>
49 #include <sys/stat.h>
50 #include <sys/conf.h>
51 #include <sys/disklabel.h>
52 #include <sys/filio.h>
53 #include <sys/time.h>
54
55 #include <assert.h>
56 #include <ctype.h>
57 #include <err.h>
58 #include <errno.h>
59 #include <fcntl.h>
60 #include <inttypes.h>
61 #include <locale.h>
62 #include <stdio.h>
63 #include <stdlib.h>
64 #include <string.h>
65 #include <unistd.h>
66
67 #include "dd.h"
68 #include "extern.h"
69
70 static void dd_close(void);
71 static void dd_in(void);
72 static void getfdtype(IO *);
73 static void setup(void);
74
75 IO      in, out;                /* input/output state */
76 STAT    st;                     /* statistics */
77 void    (*cfunc)(void);         /* conversion function */
78 uintmax_t cpy_cnt;              /* # of blocks to copy */
79 static off_t    pending = 0;    /* pending seek if sparse */
80 static off_t    last_sp = 0;    /* size of last added sparse block */
81 u_int   ddflags = 0;            /* conversion options */
82 size_t  cbsz;                   /* conversion block size */
83 uintmax_t files_cnt = 1;        /* # of files to copy */
84 const   u_char *ctab;           /* conversion table */
85 char    fill_char;              /* Character to fill with if defined */
86 volatile sig_atomic_t need_summary;
87
88 int
89 main(int argc __unused, char *argv[])
90 {
91         (void)setlocale(LC_CTYPE, "");
92         jcl(argv);
93         setup();
94
95         (void)signal(SIGINFO, siginfo_handler);
96         (void)signal(SIGINT, terminate);
97
98         atexit(summary);
99
100         while (files_cnt--)
101                 dd_in();
102
103         dd_close();
104         /*
105          * Some devices such as cfi(4) may perform significant amounts
106          * of work when a write descriptor is closed.  Close the out
107          * descriptor explicitly so that the summary handler (called
108          * from an atexit() hook) includes this work.
109          */
110         close(out.fd);
111         exit(0);
112 }
113
114 static int
115 parity(u_char c)
116 {
117         int i;
118
119         i = c ^ (c >> 1) ^ (c >> 2) ^ (c >> 3) ^ 
120             (c >> 4) ^ (c >> 5) ^ (c >> 6) ^ (c >> 7);
121         return (i & 1);
122 }
123
124 static void
125 setup(void)
126 {
127         u_int cnt;
128         struct timeval tv;
129
130         if (in.name == NULL) {
131                 in.name = "stdin";
132                 in.fd = STDIN_FILENO;
133         } else {
134                 in.fd = open(in.name, O_RDONLY, 0);
135                 if (in.fd == -1)
136                         err(1, "%s", in.name);
137         }
138
139         getfdtype(&in);
140
141         if (files_cnt > 1 && !(in.flags & ISTAPE))
142                 errx(1, "files is not supported for non-tape devices");
143
144         if (out.name == NULL) {
145                 /* No way to check for read access here. */
146                 out.fd = STDOUT_FILENO;
147                 out.name = "stdout";
148         } else {
149 #define OFLAGS \
150     (O_CREAT | (ddflags & (C_SEEK | C_NOTRUNC) ? 0 : O_TRUNC))
151                 out.fd = open(out.name, O_RDWR | OFLAGS, DEFFILEMODE);
152                 /*
153                  * May not have read access, so try again with write only.
154                  * Without read we may have a problem if output also does
155                  * not support seeks.
156                  */
157                 if (out.fd == -1) {
158                         out.fd = open(out.name, O_WRONLY | OFLAGS, DEFFILEMODE);
159                         out.flags |= NOREAD;
160                 }
161                 if (out.fd == -1)
162                         err(1, "%s", out.name);
163         }
164
165         getfdtype(&out);
166
167         /*
168          * Allocate space for the input and output buffers.  If not doing
169          * record oriented I/O, only need a single buffer.
170          */
171         if (!(ddflags & (C_BLOCK | C_UNBLOCK))) {
172                 if ((in.db = malloc(out.dbsz + in.dbsz - 1)) == NULL)
173                         err(1, "input buffer");
174                 out.db = in.db;
175         } else if ((in.db = malloc(MAX(in.dbsz, cbsz) + cbsz)) == NULL ||
176             (out.db = malloc(out.dbsz + cbsz)) == NULL)
177                 err(1, "output buffer");
178
179         /* dbp is the first free position in each buffer. */
180         in.dbp = in.db;
181         out.dbp = out.db;
182
183         /* Position the input/output streams. */
184         if (in.offset)
185                 pos_in();
186         if (out.offset)
187                 pos_out();
188
189         /*
190          * Truncate the output file.  If it fails on a type of output file
191          * that it should _not_ fail on, error out.
192          */
193         if ((ddflags & (C_OF | C_SEEK | C_NOTRUNC)) == (C_OF | C_SEEK) &&
194             out.flags & ISTRUNC)
195                 if (ftruncate(out.fd, out.offset * out.dbsz) == -1)
196                         err(1, "truncating %s", out.name);
197
198         if (ddflags & (C_LCASE  | C_UCASE | C_ASCII | C_EBCDIC | C_PARITY)) {
199                 if (ctab != NULL) {
200                         for (cnt = 0; cnt <= 0377; ++cnt)
201                                 casetab[cnt] = ctab[cnt];
202                 } else {
203                         for (cnt = 0; cnt <= 0377; ++cnt)
204                                 casetab[cnt] = cnt;
205                 }
206                 if ((ddflags & C_PARITY) && !(ddflags & C_ASCII)) {
207                         /*
208                          * If the input is not EBCDIC, and we do parity
209                          * processing, strip input parity.
210                          */
211                         for (cnt = 200; cnt <= 0377; ++cnt)
212                                 casetab[cnt] = casetab[cnt & 0x7f];
213                 }
214                 if (ddflags & C_LCASE) {
215                         for (cnt = 0; cnt <= 0377; ++cnt)
216                                 casetab[cnt] = tolower(casetab[cnt]);
217                 } else if (ddflags & C_UCASE) {
218                         for (cnt = 0; cnt <= 0377; ++cnt)
219                                 casetab[cnt] = toupper(casetab[cnt]);
220                 }
221                 if ((ddflags & C_PARITY)) {
222                         /*
223                          * This should strictly speaking be a no-op, but I
224                          * wonder what funny LANG settings could get us.
225                          */
226                         for (cnt = 0; cnt <= 0377; ++cnt)
227                                 casetab[cnt] = casetab[cnt] & 0x7f;
228                 }
229                 if ((ddflags & C_PARSET)) {
230                         for (cnt = 0; cnt <= 0377; ++cnt)
231                                 casetab[cnt] = casetab[cnt] | 0x80;
232                 }
233                 if ((ddflags & C_PAREVEN)) {
234                         for (cnt = 0; cnt <= 0377; ++cnt)
235                                 if (parity(casetab[cnt]))
236                                         casetab[cnt] = casetab[cnt] | 0x80;
237                 }
238                 if ((ddflags & C_PARODD)) {
239                         for (cnt = 0; cnt <= 0377; ++cnt)
240                                 if (!parity(casetab[cnt]))
241                                         casetab[cnt] = casetab[cnt] | 0x80;
242                 }
243
244                 ctab = casetab;
245         }
246
247         (void)gettimeofday(&tv, NULL);
248         st.start = tv.tv_sec + tv.tv_usec * 1e-6;
249 }
250
251 static void
252 getfdtype(IO *io)
253 {
254         struct stat sb;
255         int type;
256
257         if (fstat(io->fd, &sb) == -1)
258                 err(1, "%s", io->name);
259         if (S_ISREG(sb.st_mode))
260                 io->flags |= ISTRUNC;
261         if (S_ISCHR(sb.st_mode) || S_ISBLK(sb.st_mode)) { 
262                 if (ioctl(io->fd, FIODTYPE, &type) == -1) {
263                         err(1, "%s", io->name);
264                 } else {
265                         if (type & D_TAPE)
266                                 io->flags |= ISTAPE;
267                         else if (type & (D_DISK | D_MEM))
268                                 io->flags |= ISSEEK;
269                         if (S_ISCHR(sb.st_mode) && (type & D_TAPE) == 0)
270                                 io->flags |= ISCHR;
271                 }
272                 return;
273         }
274         errno = 0;
275         if (lseek(io->fd, (off_t)0, SEEK_CUR) == -1 && errno == ESPIPE)
276                 io->flags |= ISPIPE;
277         else
278                 io->flags |= ISSEEK;
279 }
280
281 static void
282 dd_in(void)
283 {
284         ssize_t n;
285
286         for (;;) {
287                 switch (cpy_cnt) {
288                 case -1:                        /* count=0 was specified */
289                         return;
290                 case 0:
291                         break;
292                 default:
293                         if (st.in_full + st.in_part >= (uintmax_t)cpy_cnt)
294                                 return;
295                         break;
296                 }
297
298                 /*
299                  * Zero the buffer first if sync; if doing block operations,
300                  * use spaces.
301                  */
302                 if (ddflags & C_SYNC) {
303                         if (ddflags & C_FILL)
304                                 memset(in.dbp, fill_char, in.dbsz);
305                         else if (ddflags & (C_BLOCK | C_UNBLOCK))
306                                 memset(in.dbp, ' ', in.dbsz);
307                         else
308                                 memset(in.dbp, 0, in.dbsz);
309                 }
310
311                 n = read(in.fd, in.dbp, in.dbsz);
312                 if (n == 0) {
313                         in.dbrcnt = 0;
314                         return;
315                 }
316
317                 /* Read error. */
318                 if (n == -1) {
319                         /*
320                          * If noerror not specified, die.  POSIX requires that
321                          * the warning message be followed by an I/O display.
322                          */
323                         if (!(ddflags & C_NOERROR))
324                                 err(1, "%s", in.name);
325                         warn("%s", in.name);
326                         summary();
327
328                         /*
329                          * If it's a seekable file descriptor, seek past the
330                          * error.  If your OS doesn't do the right thing for
331                          * raw disks this section should be modified to re-read
332                          * in sector size chunks.
333                          */
334                         if (in.flags & ISSEEK &&
335                             lseek(in.fd, (off_t)in.dbsz, SEEK_CUR))
336                                 warn("%s", in.name);
337
338                         /* If sync not specified, omit block and continue. */
339                         if (!(ddflags & C_SYNC))
340                                 continue;
341
342                         /* Read errors count as full blocks. */
343                         in.dbcnt += in.dbrcnt = in.dbsz;
344                         ++st.in_full;
345
346                 /* Handle full input blocks. */
347                 } else if ((size_t)n == in.dbsz) {
348                         in.dbcnt += in.dbrcnt = n;
349                         ++st.in_full;
350
351                 /* Handle partial input blocks. */
352                 } else {
353                         /* If sync, use the entire block. */
354                         if (ddflags & C_SYNC)
355                                 in.dbcnt += in.dbrcnt = in.dbsz;
356                         else
357                                 in.dbcnt += in.dbrcnt = n;
358                         ++st.in_part;
359                 }
360
361                 /*
362                  * POSIX states that if bs is set and no other conversions
363                  * than noerror, notrunc or sync are specified, the block
364                  * is output without buffering as it is read.
365                  */
366                 if ((ddflags & ~(C_NOERROR | C_NOTRUNC | C_SYNC)) == C_BS) {
367                         out.dbcnt = in.dbcnt;
368                         dd_out(1);
369                         in.dbcnt = 0;
370                         continue;
371                 }
372
373                 if (ddflags & C_SWAB) {
374                         if ((n = in.dbrcnt) & 1) {
375                                 ++st.swab;
376                                 --n;
377                         }
378                         swab(in.dbp, in.dbp, (size_t)n);
379                 }
380
381                 in.dbp += in.dbrcnt;
382                 (*cfunc)();
383                 if (need_summary) {
384                         summary();
385                 }
386         }
387 }
388
389 /*
390  * Clean up any remaining I/O and flush output.  If necessary, the output file
391  * is truncated.
392  */
393 static void
394 dd_close(void)
395 {
396         if (cfunc == def)
397                 def_close();
398         else if (cfunc == block)
399                 block_close();
400         else if (cfunc == unblock)
401                 unblock_close();
402         if (ddflags & C_OSYNC && out.dbcnt && out.dbcnt < out.dbsz) {
403                 if (ddflags & C_FILL)
404                         memset(out.dbp, fill_char, out.dbsz - out.dbcnt);
405                 else if (ddflags & (C_BLOCK | C_UNBLOCK))
406                         memset(out.dbp, ' ', out.dbsz - out.dbcnt);
407                 else
408                         memset(out.dbp, 0, out.dbsz - out.dbcnt);
409                 out.dbcnt = out.dbsz;
410         }
411         if (out.dbcnt || pending)
412                 dd_out(1);
413 }
414
415 void
416 dd_out(int force)
417 {
418         u_char *outp;
419         size_t cnt, i, n;
420         ssize_t nw;
421         static int warned;
422         int sparse;
423
424         /*
425          * Write one or more blocks out.  The common case is writing a full
426          * output block in a single write; increment the full block stats.
427          * Otherwise, we're into partial block writes.  If a partial write,
428          * and it's a character device, just warn.  If a tape device, quit.
429          *
430          * The partial writes represent two cases.  1: Where the input block
431          * was less than expected so the output block was less than expected.
432          * 2: Where the input block was the right size but we were forced to
433          * write the block in multiple chunks.  The original versions of dd(1)
434          * never wrote a block in more than a single write, so the latter case
435          * never happened.
436          *
437          * One special case is if we're forced to do the write -- in that case
438          * we play games with the buffer size, and it's usually a partial write.
439          */
440         outp = out.db;
441
442         /*
443          * If force, first try to write all pending data, else try to write
444          * just one block. Subsequently always write data one full block at
445          * a time at most.
446          */
447         for (n = force ? out.dbcnt : out.dbsz;; n = out.dbsz) {
448                 cnt = n;
449                 do {
450                         sparse = 0;
451                         if (ddflags & C_SPARSE) {
452                                 sparse = 1;     /* Is buffer sparse? */
453                                 for (i = 0; i < cnt; i++)
454                                         if (outp[i] != 0) {
455                                                 sparse = 0;
456                                                 break;
457                                         }
458                         }
459                         if (sparse && !force) {
460                                 pending += cnt;
461                                 last_sp = cnt;
462                                 nw = cnt;
463                         } else {
464                                 if (pending != 0) {
465                                         /* If forced to write, and we have no
466                                          * data left, we need to write the last
467                                          * sparse block explicitly.
468                                          */
469                                         if (force && cnt == 0) {
470                                                 pending -= last_sp;
471                                                 assert(outp == out.db);
472                                                 memset(outp, 0, cnt);
473                                         }
474                                         if (lseek(out.fd, pending, SEEK_CUR) ==
475                                             -1)
476                                                 err(2, "%s: seek error creating sparse file",
477                                                     out.name);
478                                         pending = last_sp = 0;
479                                 }
480                                 if (cnt)
481                                         nw = write(out.fd, outp, cnt);
482                                 else
483                                         return;
484                         }
485
486                         if (nw <= 0) {
487                                 if (nw == 0)
488                                         errx(1, "%s: end of device", out.name);
489                                 if (errno != EINTR)
490                                         err(1, "%s", out.name);
491                                 nw = 0;
492                         }
493
494                         outp += nw;
495                         st.bytes += nw;
496
497                         if ((size_t)nw == n && n == out.dbsz)
498                                 ++st.out_full;
499                         else
500                                 ++st.out_part;
501
502                         if ((size_t) nw != cnt) {
503                                 if (out.flags & ISTAPE)
504                                         errx(1, "%s: short write on tape device",
505                                         out.name);
506                                 if (out.flags & ISCHR && !warned) {
507                                         warned = 1;
508                                         warnx("%s: short write on character device",
509                                         out.name);
510                                 }
511                         }
512
513                         cnt -= nw;
514                 } while (cnt != 0);
515
516                 if ((out.dbcnt -= n) < out.dbsz)
517                         break;
518         }
519
520         /* Reassemble the output block. */
521         if (out.dbcnt)
522                 (void)memmove(out.db, out.dbp - out.dbcnt, out.dbcnt);
523         out.dbp = out.db + out.dbcnt;
524 }