crypto/openssh/ssh-keygen.c

   1 /* $OpenBSD: ssh-keygen.c,v 1.241 2014/02/05 20:13:25 naddy Exp $ */
   2 /*
   3  * Author: Tatu Ylonen <ylo@cs.hut.fi>
   4  * Copyright (c) 1994 Tatu Ylonen <ylo@cs.hut.fi>, Espoo, Finland
   5  *                    All rights reserved
   6  * Identity and host key generation and maintenance.
   7  *
   8  * As far as I am concerned, the code I have written for this software
   9  * can be used freely for any purpose.  Any derived versions of this
  10  * software must be clearly marked as such, and if the derived work is
  11  * incompatible with the protocol description in the RFC file, it must be
  12  * called by a name other than "ssh" or "Secure Shell".
  13  */
  14
  15 #include "includes.h"
  16
  17 #include <sys/types.h>
  18 #include <sys/socket.h>
  19 #include <sys/stat.h>
  20 #include <sys/param.h>
  21
  22 #include <openssl/evp.h>
  23 #include <openssl/pem.h>
  24 #include "openbsd-compat/openssl-compat.h"
  25
  26 #include <errno.h>
  27 #include <fcntl.h>
  28 #include <netdb.h>
  29 #ifdef HAVE_PATHS_H
  30 # include <paths.h>
  31 #endif
  32 #include <pwd.h>
  33 #include <stdarg.h>
  34 #include <stdio.h>
  35 #include <stdlib.h>
  36 #include <string.h>
  37 #include <unistd.h>
  38
  39 #include "xmalloc.h"
  40 #include "key.h"
  41 #include "rsa.h"
  42 #include "authfile.h"
  43 #include "uuencode.h"
  44 #include "buffer.h"
  45 #include "pathnames.h"
  46 #include "log.h"
  47 #include "misc.h"
  48 #include "match.h"
  49 #include "hostfile.h"
  50 #include "dns.h"
  51 #include "ssh.h"
  52 #include "ssh2.h"
  53 #include "ssh-pkcs11.h"
  54 #include "atomicio.h"
  55 #include "krl.h"
  56
  57 /* Number of bits in the RSA/DSA key.  This value can be set on the command line. */
  58 #define DEFAULT_BITS            2048
  59 #define DEFAULT_BITS_DSA        1024
  60 #define DEFAULT_BITS_ECDSA      256
  61 u_int32_t bits = 0;
  62
  63 /*
  64  * Flag indicating that we just want to change the passphrase.  This can be
  65  * set on the command line.
  66  */
  67 int change_passphrase = 0;
  68
  69 /*
  70  * Flag indicating that we just want to change the comment.  This can be set
  71  * on the command line.
  72  */
  73 int change_comment = 0;
  74
  75 int quiet = 0;
  76
  77 int log_level = SYSLOG_LEVEL_INFO;
  78
  79 /* Flag indicating that we want to hash a known_hosts file */
  80 int hash_hosts = 0;
  81 /* Flag indicating that we want lookup a host in known_hosts file */
  82 int find_host = 0;
  83 /* Flag indicating that we want to delete a host from a known_hosts file */
  84 int delete_host = 0;
  85
  86 /* Flag indicating that we want to show the contents of a certificate */
  87 int show_cert = 0;
  88
  89 /* Flag indicating that we just want to see the key fingerprint */
  90 int print_fingerprint = 0;
  91 int print_bubblebabble = 0;
  92
  93 /* The identity file name, given on the command line or entered by the user. */
  94 char identity_file[1024];
  95 int have_identity = 0;
  96
  97 /* This is set to the passphrase if given on the command line. */
  98 char *identity_passphrase = NULL;
  99
 100 /* This is set to the new passphrase if given on the command line. */
 101 char *identity_new_passphrase = NULL;
 102
 103 /* This is set to the new comment if given on the command line. */
 104 char *identity_comment = NULL;
 105
 106 /* Path to CA key when certifying keys. */
 107 char *ca_key_path = NULL;
 108
 109 /* Certificate serial number */
 110 unsigned long long cert_serial = 0;
 111
 112 /* Key type when certifying */
 113 u_int cert_key_type = SSH2_CERT_TYPE_USER;
 114
 115 /* "key ID" of signed key */
 116 char *cert_key_id = NULL;
 117
 118 /* Comma-separated list of principal names for certifying keys */
 119 char *cert_principals = NULL;
 120
 121 /* Validity period for certificates */
 122 u_int64_t cert_valid_from = 0;
 123 u_int64_t cert_valid_to = ~0ULL;
 124
 125 /* Certificate options */
 126 #define CERTOPT_X_FWD   (1)
 127 #define CERTOPT_AGENT_FWD       (1<<1)
 128 #define CERTOPT_PORT_FWD        (1<<2)
 129 #define CERTOPT_PTY             (1<<3)
 130 #define CERTOPT_USER_RC (1<<4)
 131 #define CERTOPT_DEFAULT (CERTOPT_X_FWD|CERTOPT_AGENT_FWD| \
 132                          CERTOPT_PORT_FWD|CERTOPT_PTY|CERTOPT_USER_RC)
 133 u_int32_t certflags_flags = CERTOPT_DEFAULT;
 134 char *certflags_command = NULL;
 135 char *certflags_src_addr = NULL;
 136
 137 /* Conversion to/from various formats */
 138 int convert_to = 0;
 139 int convert_from = 0;
 140 enum {
 141         FMT_RFC4716,
 142         FMT_PKCS8,
 143         FMT_PEM
 144 } convert_format = FMT_RFC4716;
 145 int print_public = 0;
 146 int print_generic = 0;
 147
 148 char *key_type_name = NULL;
 149
 150 /* Load key from this PKCS#11 provider */
 151 char *pkcs11provider = NULL;
 152
 153 /* Use new OpenSSH private key format when writing SSH2 keys instead of PEM */
 154 int use_new_format = 0;
 155
 156 /* Cipher for new-format private keys */
 157 char *new_format_cipher = NULL;
 158
 159 /*
 160  * Number of KDF rounds to derive new format keys /
 161  * number of primality trials when screening moduli.
 162  */
 163 int rounds = 0;
 164
 165 /* argv0 */
 166 extern char *__progname;
 167
 168 char hostname[MAXHOSTNAMELEN];
 169
 170 /* moduli.c */
 171 int gen_candidates(FILE *, u_int32_t, u_int32_t, BIGNUM *);
 172 int prime_test(FILE *, FILE *, u_int32_t, u_int32_t, char *, unsigned long,
 173     unsigned long);
 174
 175 static void
 176 type_bits_valid(int type, u_int32_t *bitsp)
 177 {
 178         u_int maxbits;
 179
 180         if (type == KEY_UNSPEC) {
 181                 fprintf(stderr, "unknown key type %s\n", key_type_name);
 182                 exit(1);
 183         }
 184         if (*bitsp == 0) {
 185                 if (type == KEY_DSA)
 186                         *bitsp = DEFAULT_BITS_DSA;
 187                 else if (type == KEY_ECDSA)
 188                         *bitsp = DEFAULT_BITS_ECDSA;
 189                 else
 190                         *bitsp = DEFAULT_BITS;
 191         }
 192         maxbits = (type == KEY_DSA) ?
 193             OPENSSL_DSA_MAX_MODULUS_BITS : OPENSSL_RSA_MAX_MODULUS_BITS;
 194         if (*bitsp > maxbits) {
 195                 fprintf(stderr, "key bits exceeds maximum %d\n", maxbits);
 196                 exit(1);
 197         }
 198         if (type == KEY_DSA && *bitsp != 1024)
 199                 fatal("DSA keys must be 1024 bits");
 200         else if (type != KEY_ECDSA && type != KEY_ED25519 && *bitsp < 768)
 201                 fatal("Key must at least be 768 bits");
 202         else if (type == KEY_ECDSA && key_ecdsa_bits_to_nid(*bitsp) == -1)
 203                 fatal("Invalid ECDSA key length - valid lengths are "
 204                     "256, 384 or 521 bits");
 205 }
 206
 207 static void
 208 ask_filename(struct passwd *pw, const char *prompt)
 209 {
 210         char buf[1024];
 211         char *name = NULL;
 212
 213         if (key_type_name == NULL)
 214                 name = _PATH_SSH_CLIENT_ID_RSA;
 215         else {
 216                 switch (key_type_from_name(key_type_name)) {
 217                 case KEY_RSA1:
 218                         name = _PATH_SSH_CLIENT_IDENTITY;
 219                         break;
 220                 case KEY_DSA_CERT:
 221                 case KEY_DSA_CERT_V00:
 222                 case KEY_DSA:
 223                         name = _PATH_SSH_CLIENT_ID_DSA;
 224                         break;
 225 #ifdef OPENSSL_HAS_ECC
 226                 case KEY_ECDSA_CERT:
 227                 case KEY_ECDSA:
 228                         name = _PATH_SSH_CLIENT_ID_ECDSA;
 229                         break;
 230 #endif
 231                 case KEY_RSA_CERT:
 232                 case KEY_RSA_CERT_V00:
 233                 case KEY_RSA:
 234                         name = _PATH_SSH_CLIENT_ID_RSA;
 235                         break;
 236                 case KEY_ED25519:
 237                 case KEY_ED25519_CERT:
 238                         name = _PATH_SSH_CLIENT_ID_ED25519;
 239                         break;
 240                 default:
 241                         fprintf(stderr, "bad key type\n");
 242                         exit(1);
 243                         break;
 244                 }
 245         }
 246         snprintf(identity_file, sizeof(identity_file), "%s/%s", pw->pw_dir, name);
 247         fprintf(stderr, "%s (%s): ", prompt, identity_file);
 248         if (fgets(buf, sizeof(buf), stdin) == NULL)
 249                 exit(1);
 250         buf[strcspn(buf, "\n")] = '\0';
 251         if (strcmp(buf, "") != 0)
 252                 strlcpy(identity_file, buf, sizeof(identity_file));
 253         have_identity = 1;
 254 }
 255
 256 static Key *
 257 load_identity(char *filename)
 258 {
 259         char *pass;
 260         Key *prv;
 261
 262         prv = key_load_private(filename, "", NULL);
 263         if (prv == NULL) {
 264                 if (identity_passphrase)
 265                         pass = xstrdup(identity_passphrase);
 266                 else
 267                         pass = read_passphrase("Enter passphrase: ",
 268                             RP_ALLOW_STDIN);
 269                 prv = key_load_private(filename, pass, NULL);
 270                 explicit_bzero(pass, strlen(pass));
 271                 free(pass);
 272         }
 273         return prv;
 274 }
 275
 276 #define SSH_COM_PUBLIC_BEGIN            "---- BEGIN SSH2 PUBLIC KEY ----"
 277 #define SSH_COM_PUBLIC_END              "---- END SSH2 PUBLIC KEY ----"
 278 #define SSH_COM_PRIVATE_BEGIN           "---- BEGIN SSH2 ENCRYPTED PRIVATE KEY ----"
 279 #define SSH_COM_PRIVATE_KEY_MAGIC       0x3f6ff9eb
 280
 281 static void
 282 do_convert_to_ssh2(struct passwd *pw, Key *k)
 283 {
 284         u_int len;
 285         u_char *blob;
 286         char comment[61];
 287
 288         if (k->type == KEY_RSA1) {
 289                 fprintf(stderr, "version 1 keys are not supported\n");
 290                 exit(1);
 291         }
 292         if (key_to_blob(k, &blob, &len) <= 0) {
 293                 fprintf(stderr, "key_to_blob failed\n");
 294                 exit(1);
 295         }
 296         /* Comment + surrounds must fit into 72 chars (RFC 4716 sec 3.3) */
 297         snprintf(comment, sizeof(comment),
 298             "%u-bit %s, converted by %s@%s from OpenSSH",
 299             key_size(k), key_type(k),
 300             pw->pw_name, hostname);
 301
 302         fprintf(stdout, "%s\n", SSH_COM_PUBLIC_BEGIN);
 303         fprintf(stdout, "Comment: \"%s\"\n", comment);
 304         dump_base64(stdout, blob, len);
 305         fprintf(stdout, "%s\n", SSH_COM_PUBLIC_END);
 306         key_free(k);
 307         free(blob);
 308         exit(0);
 309 }
 310
 311 static void
 312 do_convert_to_pkcs8(Key *k)
 313 {
 314         switch (key_type_plain(k->type)) {
 315         case KEY_RSA1:
 316         case KEY_RSA:
 317                 if (!PEM_write_RSA_PUBKEY(stdout, k->rsa))
 318                         fatal("PEM_write_RSA_PUBKEY failed");
 319                 break;
 320         case KEY_DSA:
 321                 if (!PEM_write_DSA_PUBKEY(stdout, k->dsa))
 322                         fatal("PEM_write_DSA_PUBKEY failed");
 323                 break;
 324 #ifdef OPENSSL_HAS_ECC
 325         case KEY_ECDSA:
 326                 if (!PEM_write_EC_PUBKEY(stdout, k->ecdsa))
 327                         fatal("PEM_write_EC_PUBKEY failed");
 328                 break;
 329 #endif
 330         default:
 331                 fatal("%s: unsupported key type %s", __func__, key_type(k));
 332         }
 333         exit(0);
 334 }
 335
 336 static void
 337 do_convert_to_pem(Key *k)
 338 {
 339         switch (key_type_plain(k->type)) {
 340         case KEY_RSA1:
 341         case KEY_RSA:
 342                 if (!PEM_write_RSAPublicKey(stdout, k->rsa))
 343                         fatal("PEM_write_RSAPublicKey failed");
 344                 break;
 345 #if notyet /* OpenSSH 0.9.8 lacks this function */
 346         case KEY_DSA:
 347                 if (!PEM_write_DSAPublicKey(stdout, k->dsa))
 348                         fatal("PEM_write_DSAPublicKey failed");
 349                 break;
 350 #endif
 351         /* XXX ECDSA? */
 352         default:
 353                 fatal("%s: unsupported key type %s", __func__, key_type(k));
 354         }
 355         exit(0);
 356 }
 357
 358 static void
 359 do_convert_to(struct passwd *pw)
 360 {
 361         Key *k;
 362         struct stat st;
 363
 364         if (!have_identity)
 365                 ask_filename(pw, "Enter file in which the key is");
 366         if (stat(identity_file, &st) < 0)
 367                 fatal("%s: %s: %s", __progname, identity_file, strerror(errno));
 368         if ((k = key_load_public(identity_file, NULL)) == NULL) {
 369                 if ((k = load_identity(identity_file)) == NULL) {
 370                         fprintf(stderr, "load failed\n");
 371                         exit(1);
 372                 }
 373         }
 374
 375         switch (convert_format) {
 376         case FMT_RFC4716:
 377                 do_convert_to_ssh2(pw, k);
 378                 break;
 379         case FMT_PKCS8:
 380                 do_convert_to_pkcs8(k);
 381                 break;
 382         case FMT_PEM:
 383                 do_convert_to_pem(k);
 384                 break;
 385         default:
 386                 fatal("%s: unknown key format %d", __func__, convert_format);
 387         }
 388         exit(0);
 389 }
 390
 391 static void
 392 buffer_get_bignum_bits(Buffer *b, BIGNUM *value)
 393 {
 394         u_int bignum_bits = buffer_get_int(b);
 395         u_int bytes = (bignum_bits + 7) / 8;
 396
 397         if (buffer_len(b) < bytes)
 398                 fatal("buffer_get_bignum_bits: input buffer too small: "
 399                     "need %d have %d", bytes, buffer_len(b));
 400         if (BN_bin2bn(buffer_ptr(b), bytes, value) == NULL)
 401                 fatal("buffer_get_bignum_bits: BN_bin2bn failed");
 402         buffer_consume(b, bytes);
 403 }
 404
 405 static Key *
 406 do_convert_private_ssh2_from_blob(u_char *blob, u_int blen)
 407 {
 408         Buffer b;
 409         Key *key = NULL;
 410         char *type, *cipher;
 411         u_char *sig, data[] = "abcde12345";
 412         int magic, rlen, ktype, i1, i2, i3, i4;
 413         u_int slen;
 414         u_long e;
 415
 416         buffer_init(&b);
 417         buffer_append(&b, blob, blen);
 418
 419         magic = buffer_get_int(&b);
 420         if (magic != SSH_COM_PRIVATE_KEY_MAGIC) {
 421                 error("bad magic 0x%x != 0x%x", magic, SSH_COM_PRIVATE_KEY_MAGIC);
 422                 buffer_free(&b);
 423                 return NULL;
 424         }
 425         i1 = buffer_get_int(&b);
 426         type   = buffer_get_string(&b, NULL);
 427         cipher = buffer_get_string(&b, NULL);
 428         i2 = buffer_get_int(&b);
 429         i3 = buffer_get_int(&b);
 430         i4 = buffer_get_int(&b);
 431         debug("ignore (%d %d %d %d)", i1, i2, i3, i4);
 432         if (strcmp(cipher, "none") != 0) {
 433                 error("unsupported cipher %s", cipher);
 434                 free(cipher);
 435                 buffer_free(&b);
 436                 free(type);
 437                 return NULL;
 438         }
 439         free(cipher);
 440
 441         if (strstr(type, "dsa")) {
 442                 ktype = KEY_DSA;
 443         } else if (strstr(type, "rsa")) {
 444                 ktype = KEY_RSA;
 445         } else {
 446                 buffer_free(&b);
 447                 free(type);
 448                 return NULL;
 449         }
 450         key = key_new_private(ktype);
 451         free(type);
 452
 453         switch (key->type) {
 454         case KEY_DSA:
 455                 buffer_get_bignum_bits(&b, key->dsa->p);
 456                 buffer_get_bignum_bits(&b, key->dsa->g);
 457                 buffer_get_bignum_bits(&b, key->dsa->q);
 458                 buffer_get_bignum_bits(&b, key->dsa->pub_key);
 459                 buffer_get_bignum_bits(&b, key->dsa->priv_key);
 460                 break;
 461         case KEY_RSA:
 462                 e = buffer_get_char(&b);
 463                 debug("e %lx", e);
 464                 if (e < 30) {
 465                         e <<= 8;
 466                         e += buffer_get_char(&b);
 467                         debug("e %lx", e);
 468                         e <<= 8;
 469                         e += buffer_get_char(&b);
 470                         debug("e %lx", e);
 471                 }
 472                 if (!BN_set_word(key->rsa->e, e)) {
 473                         buffer_free(&b);
 474                         key_free(key);
 475                         return NULL;
 476                 }
 477                 buffer_get_bignum_bits(&b, key->rsa->d);
 478                 buffer_get_bignum_bits(&b, key->rsa->n);
 479                 buffer_get_bignum_bits(&b, key->rsa->iqmp);
 480                 buffer_get_bignum_bits(&b, key->rsa->q);
 481                 buffer_get_bignum_bits(&b, key->rsa->p);
 482                 rsa_generate_additional_parameters(key->rsa);
 483                 break;
 484         }
 485         rlen = buffer_len(&b);
 486         if (rlen != 0)
 487                 error("do_convert_private_ssh2_from_blob: "
 488                     "remaining bytes in key blob %d", rlen);
 489         buffer_free(&b);
 490
 491         /* try the key */
 492         key_sign(key, &sig, &slen, data, sizeof(data));
 493         key_verify(key, sig, slen, data, sizeof(data));
 494         free(sig);
 495         return key;
 496 }
 497
 498 static int
 499 get_line(FILE *fp, char *line, size_t len)
 500 {
 501         int c;
 502         size_t pos = 0;
 503
 504         line[0] = '\0';
 505         while ((c = fgetc(fp)) != EOF) {
 506                 if (pos >= len - 1) {
 507                         fprintf(stderr, "input line too long.\n");
 508                         exit(1);
 509                 }
 510                 switch (c) {
 511                 case '\r':
 512                         c = fgetc(fp);
 513                         if (c != EOF && c != '\n' && ungetc(c, fp) == EOF) {
 514                                 fprintf(stderr, "unget: %s\n", strerror(errno));
 515                                 exit(1);
 516                         }
 517                         return pos;
 518                 case '\n':
 519                         return pos;
 520                 }
 521                 line[pos++] = c;
 522                 line[pos] = '\0';
 523         }
 524         /* We reached EOF */
 525         return -1;
 526 }
 527
 528 static void
 529 do_convert_from_ssh2(struct passwd *pw, Key **k, int *private)
 530 {
 531         int blen;
 532         u_int len;
 533         char line[1024];
 534         u_char blob[8096];
 535         char encoded[8096];
 536         int escaped = 0;
 537         FILE *fp;
 538
 539         if ((fp = fopen(identity_file, "r")) == NULL)
 540                 fatal("%s: %s: %s", __progname, identity_file, strerror(errno));
 541         encoded[0] = '\0';
 542         while ((blen = get_line(fp, line, sizeof(line))) != -1) {
 543                 if (blen > 0 && line[blen - 1] == '\\')
 544                         escaped++;
 545                 if (strncmp(line, "----", 4) == 0 ||
 546                     strstr(line, ": ") != NULL) {
 547                         if (strstr(line, SSH_COM_PRIVATE_BEGIN) != NULL)
 548                                 *private = 1;
 549                         if (strstr(line, " END ") != NULL) {
 550                                 break;
 551                         }
 552                         /* fprintf(stderr, "ignore: %s", line); */
 553                         continue;
 554                 }
 555                 if (escaped) {
 556                         escaped--;
 557                         /* fprintf(stderr, "escaped: %s", line); */
 558                         continue;
 559                 }
 560                 strlcat(encoded, line, sizeof(encoded));
 561         }
 562         len = strlen(encoded);
 563         if (((len % 4) == 3) &&
 564             (encoded[len-1] == '=') &&
 565             (encoded[len-2] == '=') &&
 566             (encoded[len-3] == '='))
 567                 encoded[len-3] = '\0';
 568         blen = uudecode(encoded, blob, sizeof(blob));
 569         if (blen < 0) {
 570                 fprintf(stderr, "uudecode failed.\n");
 571                 exit(1);
 572         }
 573         *k = *private ?
 574             do_convert_private_ssh2_from_blob(blob, blen) :
 575             key_from_blob(blob, blen);
 576         if (*k == NULL) {
 577                 fprintf(stderr, "decode blob failed.\n");
 578                 exit(1);
 579         }
 580         fclose(fp);
 581 }
 582
 583 static void
 584 do_convert_from_pkcs8(Key **k, int *private)
 585 {
 586         EVP_PKEY *pubkey;
 587         FILE *fp;
 588
 589         if ((fp = fopen(identity_file, "r")) == NULL)
 590                 fatal("%s: %s: %s", __progname, identity_file, strerror(errno));
 591         if ((pubkey = PEM_read_PUBKEY(fp, NULL, NULL, NULL)) == NULL) {
 592                 fatal("%s: %s is not a recognised public key format", __func__,
 593                     identity_file);
 594         }
 595         fclose(fp);
 596         switch (EVP_PKEY_type(pubkey->type)) {
 597         case EVP_PKEY_RSA:
 598                 *k = key_new(KEY_UNSPEC);
 599                 (*k)->type = KEY_RSA;
 600                 (*k)->rsa = EVP_PKEY_get1_RSA(pubkey);
 601                 break;
 602         case EVP_PKEY_DSA:
 603                 *k = key_new(KEY_UNSPEC);
 604                 (*k)->type = KEY_DSA;
 605                 (*k)->dsa = EVP_PKEY_get1_DSA(pubkey);
 606                 break;
 607 #ifdef OPENSSL_HAS_ECC
 608         case EVP_PKEY_EC:
 609                 *k = key_new(KEY_UNSPEC);
 610                 (*k)->type = KEY_ECDSA;
 611                 (*k)->ecdsa = EVP_PKEY_get1_EC_KEY(pubkey);
 612                 (*k)->ecdsa_nid = key_ecdsa_key_to_nid((*k)->ecdsa);
 613                 break;
 614 #endif
 615         default:
 616                 fatal("%s: unsupported pubkey type %d", __func__,
 617                     EVP_PKEY_type(pubkey->type));
 618         }
 619         EVP_PKEY_free(pubkey);
 620         return;
 621 }
 622
 623 static void
 624 do_convert_from_pem(Key **k, int *private)
 625 {
 626         FILE *fp;
 627         RSA *rsa;
 628 #ifdef notyet
 629         DSA *dsa;
 630 #endif
 631
 632         if ((fp = fopen(identity_file, "r")) == NULL)
 633                 fatal("%s: %s: %s", __progname, identity_file, strerror(errno));
 634         if ((rsa = PEM_read_RSAPublicKey(fp, NULL, NULL, NULL)) != NULL) {
 635                 *k = key_new(KEY_UNSPEC);
 636                 (*k)->type = KEY_RSA;
 637                 (*k)->rsa = rsa;
 638                 fclose(fp);
 639                 return;
 640         }
 641 #if notyet /* OpenSSH 0.9.8 lacks this function */
 642         rewind(fp);
 643         if ((dsa = PEM_read_DSAPublicKey(fp, NULL, NULL, NULL)) != NULL) {
 644                 *k = key_new(KEY_UNSPEC);
 645                 (*k)->type = KEY_DSA;
 646                 (*k)->dsa = dsa;
 647                 fclose(fp);
 648                 return;
 649         }
 650         /* XXX ECDSA */
 651 #endif
 652         fatal("%s: unrecognised raw private key format", __func__);
 653 }
 654
 655 static void
 656 do_convert_from(struct passwd *pw)
 657 {
 658         Key *k = NULL;
 659         int private = 0, ok = 0;
 660         struct stat st;
 661
 662         if (!have_identity)
 663                 ask_filename(pw, "Enter file in which the key is");
 664         if (stat(identity_file, &st) < 0)
 665                 fatal("%s: %s: %s", __progname, identity_file, strerror(errno));
 666
 667         switch (convert_format) {
 668         case FMT_RFC4716:
 669                 do_convert_from_ssh2(pw, &k, &private);
 670                 break;
 671         case FMT_PKCS8:
 672                 do_convert_from_pkcs8(&k, &private);
 673                 break;
 674         case FMT_PEM:
 675                 do_convert_from_pem(&k, &private);
 676                 break;
 677         default:
 678                 fatal("%s: unknown key format %d", __func__, convert_format);
 679         }
 680
 681         if (!private)
 682                 ok = key_write(k, stdout);
 683                 if (ok)
 684                         fprintf(stdout, "\n");
 685         else {
 686                 switch (k->type) {
 687                 case KEY_DSA:
 688                         ok = PEM_write_DSAPrivateKey(stdout, k->dsa, NULL,
 689                             NULL, 0, NULL, NULL);
 690                         break;
 691 #ifdef OPENSSL_HAS_ECC
 692                 case KEY_ECDSA:
 693                         ok = PEM_write_ECPrivateKey(stdout, k->ecdsa, NULL,
 694                             NULL, 0, NULL, NULL);
 695                         break;
 696 #endif
 697                 case KEY_RSA:
 698                         ok = PEM_write_RSAPrivateKey(stdout, k->rsa, NULL,
 699                             NULL, 0, NULL, NULL);
 700                         break;
 701                 default:
 702                         fatal("%s: unsupported key type %s", __func__,
 703                             key_type(k));
 704                 }
 705         }
 706
 707         if (!ok) {
 708                 fprintf(stderr, "key write failed\n");
 709                 exit(1);
 710         }
 711         key_free(k);
 712         exit(0);
 713 }
 714
 715 static void
 716 do_print_public(struct passwd *pw)
 717 {
 718         Key *prv;
 719         struct stat st;
 720
 721         if (!have_identity)
 722                 ask_filename(pw, "Enter file in which the key is");
 723         if (stat(identity_file, &st) < 0) {
 724                 perror(identity_file);
 725                 exit(1);
 726         }
 727         prv = load_identity(identity_file);
 728         if (prv == NULL) {
 729                 fprintf(stderr, "load failed\n");
 730                 exit(1);
 731         }
 732         if (!key_write(prv, stdout))
 733                 fprintf(stderr, "key_write failed");
 734         key_free(prv);
 735         fprintf(stdout, "\n");
 736         exit(0);
 737 }
 738
 739 static void
 740 do_download(struct passwd *pw)
 741 {
 742 #ifdef ENABLE_PKCS11
 743         Key **keys = NULL;
 744         int i, nkeys;
 745         enum fp_rep rep;
 746         enum fp_type fptype;
 747         char *fp, *ra;
 748
 749         fptype = print_bubblebabble ? SSH_FP_SHA1 : SSH_FP_MD5;
 750         rep =    print_bubblebabble ? SSH_FP_BUBBLEBABBLE : SSH_FP_HEX;
 751
 752         pkcs11_init(0);
 753         nkeys = pkcs11_add_provider(pkcs11provider, NULL, &keys);
 754         if (nkeys <= 0)
 755                 fatal("cannot read public key from pkcs11");
 756         for (i = 0; i < nkeys; i++) {
 757                 if (print_fingerprint) {
 758                         fp = key_fingerprint(keys[i], fptype, rep);
 759                         ra = key_fingerprint(keys[i], SSH_FP_MD5,
 760                             SSH_FP_RANDOMART);
 761                         printf("%u %s %s (PKCS11 key)\n", key_size(keys[i]),
 762                             fp, key_type(keys[i]));
 763                         if (log_level >= SYSLOG_LEVEL_VERBOSE)
 764                                 printf("%s\n", ra);
 765                         free(ra);
 766                         free(fp);
 767                 } else {
 768                         key_write(keys[i], stdout);
 769                         fprintf(stdout, "\n");
 770                 }
 771                 key_free(keys[i]);
 772         }
 773         free(keys);
 774         pkcs11_terminate();
 775         exit(0);
 776 #else
 777         fatal("no pkcs11 support");
 778 #endif /* ENABLE_PKCS11 */
 779 }
 780
 781 static void
 782 do_fingerprint(struct passwd *pw)
 783 {
 784         FILE *f;
 785         Key *public;
 786         char *comment = NULL, *cp, *ep, line[16*1024], *fp, *ra;
 787         int i, skip = 0, num = 0, invalid = 1;
 788         enum fp_rep rep;
 789         enum fp_type fptype;
 790         struct stat st;
 791
 792         fptype = print_bubblebabble ? SSH_FP_SHA1 : SSH_FP_MD5;
 793         rep =    print_bubblebabble ? SSH_FP_BUBBLEBABBLE : SSH_FP_HEX;
 794
 795         if (!have_identity)
 796                 ask_filename(pw, "Enter file in which the key is");
 797         if (stat(identity_file, &st) < 0) {
 798                 perror(identity_file);
 799                 exit(1);
 800         }
 801         public = key_load_public(identity_file, &comment);
 802         if (public != NULL) {
 803                 fp = key_fingerprint(public, fptype, rep);
 804                 ra = key_fingerprint(public, SSH_FP_MD5, SSH_FP_RANDOMART);
 805                 printf("%u %s %s (%s)\n", key_size(public), fp, comment,
 806                     key_type(public));
 807                 if (log_level >= SYSLOG_LEVEL_VERBOSE)
 808                         printf("%s\n", ra);
 809                 key_free(public);
 810                 free(comment);
 811                 free(ra);
 812                 free(fp);
 813                 exit(0);
 814         }
 815         if (comment) {
 816                 free(comment);
 817                 comment = NULL;
 818         }
 819
 820         if ((f = fopen(identity_file, "r")) == NULL)
 821                 fatal("%s: %s: %s", __progname, identity_file, strerror(errno));
 822
 823         while (fgets(line, sizeof(line), f)) {
 824                 if ((cp = strchr(line, '\n')) == NULL) {
 825                         error("line %d too long: %.40s...",
 826                             num + 1, line);
 827                         skip = 1;
 828                         continue;
 829                 }
 830                 num++;
 831                 if (skip) {
 832                         skip = 0;
 833                         continue;
 834                 }
 835                 *cp = '\0';
 836
 837                 /* Skip leading whitespace, empty and comment lines. */
 838                 for (cp = line; *cp == ' ' || *cp == '\t'; cp++)
 839                         ;
 840                 if (!*cp || *cp == '\n' || *cp == '#')
 841                         continue;
 842                 i = strtol(cp, &ep, 10);
 843                 if (i == 0 || ep == NULL || (*ep != ' ' && *ep != '\t')) {
 844                         int quoted = 0;
 845                         comment = cp;
 846                         for (; *cp && (quoted || (*cp != ' ' &&
 847                             *cp != '\t')); cp++) {
 848                                 if (*cp == '\\' && cp[1] == '"')
 849                                         cp++;   /* Skip both */
 850                                 else if (*cp == '"')
 851                                         quoted = !quoted;
 852                         }
 853                         if (!*cp)
 854                                 continue;
 855                         *cp++ = '\0';
 856                 }
 857                 ep = cp;
 858                 public = key_new(KEY_RSA1);
 859                 if (key_read(public, &cp) != 1) {
 860                         cp = ep;
 861                         key_free(public);
 862                         public = key_new(KEY_UNSPEC);
 863                         if (key_read(public, &cp) != 1) {
 864                                 key_free(public);
 865                                 continue;
 866                         }
 867                 }
 868                 comment = *cp ? cp : comment;
 869                 fp = key_fingerprint(public, fptype, rep);
 870                 ra = key_fingerprint(public, SSH_FP_MD5, SSH_FP_RANDOMART);
 871                 printf("%u %s %s (%s)\n", key_size(public), fp,
 872                     comment ? comment : "no comment", key_type(public));
 873                 if (log_level >= SYSLOG_LEVEL_VERBOSE)
 874                         printf("%s\n", ra);
 875                 free(ra);
 876                 free(fp);
 877                 key_free(public);
 878                 invalid = 0;
 879         }
 880         fclose(f);
 881
 882         if (invalid) {
 883                 printf("%s is not a public key file.\n", identity_file);
 884                 exit(1);
 885         }
 886         exit(0);
 887 }
 888
 889 static void
 890 do_gen_all_hostkeys(struct passwd *pw)
 891 {
 892         struct {
 893                 char *key_type;
 894                 char *key_type_display;
 895                 char *path;
 896         } key_types[] = {
 897                 { "rsa1", "RSA1", _PATH_HOST_KEY_FILE },
 898                 { "rsa", "RSA" ,_PATH_HOST_RSA_KEY_FILE },
 899                 { "dsa", "DSA", _PATH_HOST_DSA_KEY_FILE },
 900 #ifdef OPENSSL_HAS_ECC
 901                 { "ecdsa", "ECDSA",_PATH_HOST_ECDSA_KEY_FILE },
 902 #endif
 903                 { "ed25519", "ED25519",_PATH_HOST_ED25519_KEY_FILE },
 904                 { NULL, NULL, NULL }
 905         };
 906
 907         int first = 0;
 908         struct stat st;
 909         Key *private, *public;
 910         char comment[1024];
 911         int i, type, fd;
 912         FILE *f;
 913
 914         for (i = 0; key_types[i].key_type; i++) {
 915                 if (stat(key_types[i].path, &st) == 0)
 916                         continue;
 917                 if (errno != ENOENT) {
 918                         printf("Could not stat %s: %s", key_types[i].path,
 919                             strerror(errno));
 920                         first = 0;
 921                         continue;
 922                 }
 923
 924                 if (first == 0) {
 925                         first = 1;
 926                         printf("%s: generating new host keys: ", __progname);
 927                 }
 928                 printf("%s ", key_types[i].key_type_display);
 929                 fflush(stdout);
 930                 type = key_type_from_name(key_types[i].key_type);
 931                 strlcpy(identity_file, key_types[i].path, sizeof(identity_file));
 932                 bits = 0;
 933                 type_bits_valid(type, &bits);
 934                 private = key_generate(type, bits);
 935                 if (private == NULL) {
 936                         fprintf(stderr, "key_generate failed\n");
 937                         first = 0;
 938                         continue;
 939                 }
 940                 public  = key_from_private(private);
 941                 snprintf(comment, sizeof comment, "%s@%s", pw->pw_name,
 942                     hostname);
 943                 if (!key_save_private(private, identity_file, "", comment,
 944                     use_new_format, new_format_cipher, rounds)) {
 945                         printf("Saving the key failed: %s.\n", identity_file);
 946                         key_free(private);
 947                         key_free(public);
 948                         first = 0;
 949                         continue;
 950                 }
 951                 key_free(private);
 952                 strlcat(identity_file, ".pub", sizeof(identity_file));
 953                 fd = open(identity_file, O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC, 0644);
 954                 if (fd == -1) {
 955                         printf("Could not save your public key in %s\n",
 956                             identity_file);
 957                         key_free(public);
 958                         first = 0;
 959                         continue;
 960                 }
 961                 f = fdopen(fd, "w");
 962                 if (f == NULL) {
 963                         printf("fdopen %s failed\n", identity_file);
 964                         key_free(public);
 965                         first = 0;
 966                         continue;
 967                 }
 968                 if (!key_write(public, f)) {
 969                         fprintf(stderr, "write key failed\n");
 970                         key_free(public);
 971                         first = 0;
 972                         continue;
 973                 }
 974                 fprintf(f, " %s\n", comment);
 975                 fclose(f);
 976                 key_free(public);
 977
 978         }
 979         if (first != 0)
 980                 printf("\n");
 981 }
 982
 983 static void
 984 printhost(FILE *f, const char *name, Key *public, int ca, int hash)
 985 {
 986         if (print_fingerprint) {
 987                 enum fp_rep rep;
 988                 enum fp_type fptype;
 989                 char *fp, *ra;
 990
 991                 fptype = print_bubblebabble ? SSH_FP_SHA1 : SSH_FP_MD5;
 992                 rep =    print_bubblebabble ? SSH_FP_BUBBLEBABBLE : SSH_FP_HEX;
 993                 fp = key_fingerprint(public, fptype, rep);
 994                 ra = key_fingerprint(public, SSH_FP_MD5, SSH_FP_RANDOMART);
 995                 printf("%u %s %s (%s)\n", key_size(public), fp, name,
 996                     key_type(public));
 997                 if (log_level >= SYSLOG_LEVEL_VERBOSE)
 998                         printf("%s\n", ra);
 999                 free(ra);
1000                 free(fp);
1001         } else {
1002                 if (hash && (name = host_hash(name, NULL, 0)) == NULL)
1003                         fatal("hash_host failed");
1004                 fprintf(f, "%s%s%s ", ca ? CA_MARKER : "", ca ? " " : "", name);
1005                 if (!key_write(public, f))
1006                         fatal("key_write failed");
1007                 fprintf(f, "\n");
1008         }
1009 }
1010
1011 static void
1012 do_known_hosts(struct passwd *pw, const char *name)
1013 {
1014         FILE *in, *out = stdout;
1015         Key *pub;
1016         char *cp, *cp2, *kp, *kp2;
1017         char line[16*1024], tmp[MAXPATHLEN], old[MAXPATHLEN];
1018         int c, skip = 0, inplace = 0, num = 0, invalid = 0, has_unhashed = 0;
1019         int ca;
1020         int found_key = 0;
1021
1022         if (!have_identity) {
1023                 cp = tilde_expand_filename(_PATH_SSH_USER_HOSTFILE, pw->pw_uid);
1024                 if (strlcpy(identity_file, cp, sizeof(identity_file)) >=
1025                     sizeof(identity_file))
1026                         fatal("Specified known hosts path too long");
1027                 free(cp);
1028                 have_identity = 1;
1029         }
1030         if ((in = fopen(identity_file, "r")) == NULL)
1031                 fatal("%s: %s: %s", __progname, identity_file, strerror(errno));
1032
1033         /*
1034          * Find hosts goes to stdout, hash and deletions happen in-place
1035          * A corner case is ssh-keygen -HF foo, which should go to stdout
1036          */
1037         if (!find_host && (hash_hosts || delete_host)) {
1038                 if (strlcpy(tmp, identity_file, sizeof(tmp)) >= sizeof(tmp) ||
1039                     strlcat(tmp, ".XXXXXXXXXX", sizeof(tmp)) >= sizeof(tmp) ||
1040                     strlcpy(old, identity_file, sizeof(old)) >= sizeof(old) ||
1041                     strlcat(old, ".old", sizeof(old)) >= sizeof(old))
1042                         fatal("known_hosts path too long");
1043                 umask(077);
1044                 if ((c = mkstemp(tmp)) == -1)
1045                         fatal("mkstemp: %s", strerror(errno));
1046                 if ((out = fdopen(c, "w")) == NULL) {
1047                         c = errno;
1048                         unlink(tmp);
1049                         fatal("fdopen: %s", strerror(c));
1050                 }
1051                 inplace = 1;
1052         }
1053
1054         while (fgets(line, sizeof(line), in)) {
1055                 if ((cp = strchr(line, '\n')) == NULL) {
1056                         error("line %d too long: %.40s...", num + 1, line);
1057                         skip = 1;
1058                         invalid = 1;
1059                         continue;
1060                 }
1061                 num++;
1062                 if (skip) {
1063                         skip = 0;
1064                         continue;
1065                 }
1066                 *cp = '\0';
1067
1068                 /* Skip leading whitespace, empty and comment lines. */
1069                 for (cp = line; *cp == ' ' || *cp == '\t'; cp++)
1070                         ;
1071                 if (!*cp || *cp == '\n' || *cp == '#') {
1072                         if (inplace)
1073                                 fprintf(out, "%s\n", cp);
1074                         continue;
1075                 }
1076                 /* Check whether this is a CA key */
1077                 if (strncasecmp(cp, CA_MARKER, sizeof(CA_MARKER) - 1) == 0 &&
1078                     (cp[sizeof(CA_MARKER) - 1] == ' ' ||
1079                     cp[sizeof(CA_MARKER) - 1] == '\t')) {
1080                         ca = 1;
1081                         cp += sizeof(CA_MARKER);
1082                 } else
1083                         ca = 0;
1084
1085                 /* Find the end of the host name portion. */
1086                 for (kp = cp; *kp && *kp != ' ' && *kp != '\t'; kp++)
1087                         ;
1088
1089                 if (*kp == '\0' || *(kp + 1) == '\0') {
1090                         error("line %d missing key: %.40s...",
1091                             num, line);
1092                         invalid = 1;
1093                         continue;
1094                 }
1095                 *kp++ = '\0';
1096                 kp2 = kp;
1097
1098                 pub = key_new(KEY_RSA1);
1099                 if (key_read(pub, &kp) != 1) {
1100                         kp = kp2;
1101                         key_free(pub);
1102                         pub = key_new(KEY_UNSPEC);
1103                         if (key_read(pub, &kp) != 1) {
1104                                 error("line %d invalid key: %.40s...",
1105                                     num, line);
1106                                 key_free(pub);
1107                                 invalid = 1;
1108                                 continue;
1109                         }
1110                 }
1111
1112                 if (*cp == HASH_DELIM) {
1113                         if (find_host || delete_host) {
1114                                 cp2 = host_hash(name, cp, strlen(cp));
1115                                 if (cp2 == NULL) {
1116                                         error("line %d: invalid hashed "
1117                                             "name: %.64s...", num, line);
1118                                         invalid = 1;
1119                                         continue;
1120                                 }
1121                                 c = (strcmp(cp2, cp) == 0);
1122                                 if (find_host && c) {
1123                                         if (!quiet)
1124                                                 printf("# Host %s found: "
1125                                                     "line %d type %s%s\n", name,
1126                                                     num, key_type(pub),
1127                                                     ca ? " (CA key)" : "");
1128                                         printhost(out, cp, pub, ca, 0);
1129                                         found_key = 1;
1130                                 }
1131                                 if (delete_host) {
1132                                         if (!c && !ca)
1133                                                 printhost(out, cp, pub, ca, 0);
1134                                         else
1135                                                 printf("# Host %s found: "
1136                                                     "line %d type %s\n", name,
1137                                                     num, key_type(pub));
1138                                 }
1139                         } else if (hash_hosts)
1140                                 printhost(out, cp, pub, ca, 0);
1141                 } else {
1142                         if (find_host || delete_host) {
1143                                 c = (match_hostname(name, cp,
1144                                     strlen(cp)) == 1);
1145                                 if (find_host && c) {
1146                                         if (!quiet)
1147                                                 printf("# Host %s found: "
1148                                                     "line %d type %s%s\n", name,
1149                                                     num, key_type(pub),
1150                                                     ca ? " (CA key)" : "");
1151                                         printhost(out, name, pub,
1152                                             ca, hash_hosts && !ca);
1153                                         found_key = 1;
1154                                 }
1155                                 if (delete_host) {
1156                                         if (!c && !ca)
1157                                                 printhost(out, cp, pub, ca, 0);
1158                                         else
1159                                                 printf("# Host %s found: "
1160                                                     "line %d type %s\n", name,
1161                                                     num, key_type(pub));
1162                                 }
1163                         } else if (hash_hosts) {
1164                                 for (cp2 = strsep(&cp, ",");
1165                                     cp2 != NULL && *cp2 != '\0';
1166                                     cp2 = strsep(&cp, ",")) {
1167                                         if (ca) {
1168                                                 fprintf(stderr, "Warning: "
1169                                                     "ignoring CA key for host: "
1170                                                     "%.64s\n", cp2);
1171                                                 printhost(out, cp2, pub, ca, 0);
1172                                         } else if (strcspn(cp2, "*?!") !=
1173                                             strlen(cp2)) {
1174                                                 fprintf(stderr, "Warning: "
1175                                                     "ignoring host name with "
1176                                                     "metacharacters: %.64s\n",
1177                                                     cp2);
1178                                                 printhost(out, cp2, pub, ca, 0);
1179                                         } else
1180                                                 printhost(out, cp2, pub, ca, 1);
1181                                 }
1182                                 has_unhashed = 1;
1183                         }
1184                 }
1185                 key_free(pub);
1186         }
1187         fclose(in);
1188
1189         if (invalid) {
1190                 fprintf(stderr, "%s is not a valid known_hosts file.\n",
1191                     identity_file);
1192                 if (inplace) {
1193                         fprintf(stderr, "Not replacing existing known_hosts "
1194                             "file because of errors\n");
1195                         fclose(out);
1196                         unlink(tmp);
1197                 }
1198                 exit(1);
1199         }
1200
1201         if (inplace) {
1202                 fclose(out);
1203
1204                 /* Backup existing file */
1205                 if (unlink(old) == -1 && errno != ENOENT)
1206                         fatal("unlink %.100s: %s", old, strerror(errno));
1207                 if (link(identity_file, old) == -1)
1208                         fatal("link %.100s to %.100s: %s", identity_file, old,
1209                             strerror(errno));
1210                 /* Move new one into place */
1211                 if (rename(tmp, identity_file) == -1) {
1212                         error("rename\"%s\" to \"%s\": %s", tmp, identity_file,
1213                             strerror(errno));
1214                         unlink(tmp);
1215                         unlink(old);
1216                         exit(1);
1217                 }
1218
1219                 fprintf(stderr, "%s updated.\n", identity_file);
1220                 fprintf(stderr, "Original contents retained as %s\n", old);
1221                 if (has_unhashed) {
1222                         fprintf(stderr, "WARNING: %s contains unhashed "
1223                             "entries\n", old);
1224                         fprintf(stderr, "Delete this file to ensure privacy "
1225                             "of hostnames\n");
1226                 }
1227         }
1228
1229         exit (find_host && !found_key);
1230 }
1231
1232 /*
1233  * Perform changing a passphrase.  The argument is the passwd structure
1234  * for the current user.
1235  */
1236 static void
1237 do_change_passphrase(struct passwd *pw)
1238 {
1239         char *comment;
1240         char *old_passphrase, *passphrase1, *passphrase2;
1241         struct stat st;
1242         Key *private;
1243
1244         if (!have_identity)
1245                 ask_filename(pw, "Enter file in which the key is");
1246         if (stat(identity_file, &st) < 0) {
1247                 perror(identity_file);
1248                 exit(1);
1249         }
1250         /* Try to load the file with empty passphrase. */
1251         private = key_load_private(identity_file, "", &comment);
1252         if (private == NULL) {
1253                 if (identity_passphrase)
1254                         old_passphrase = xstrdup(identity_passphrase);
1255                 else
1256                         old_passphrase =
1257                             read_passphrase("Enter old passphrase: ",
1258                             RP_ALLOW_STDIN);
1259                 private = key_load_private(identity_file, old_passphrase,
1260                     &comment);
1261                 explicit_bzero(old_passphrase, strlen(old_passphrase));
1262                 free(old_passphrase);
1263                 if (private == NULL) {
1264                         printf("Bad passphrase.\n");
1265                         exit(1);
1266                 }
1267         }
1268         printf("Key has comment '%s'\n", comment);
1269
1270         /* Ask the new passphrase (twice). */
1271         if (identity_new_passphrase) {
1272                 passphrase1 = xstrdup(identity_new_passphrase);
1273                 passphrase2 = NULL;
1274         } else {
1275                 passphrase1 =
1276                         read_passphrase("Enter new passphrase (empty for no "
1277                             "passphrase): ", RP_ALLOW_STDIN);
1278                 passphrase2 = read_passphrase("Enter same passphrase again: ",
1279                     RP_ALLOW_STDIN);
1280
1281                 /* Verify that they are the same. */
1282                 if (strcmp(passphrase1, passphrase2) != 0) {
1283                         explicit_bzero(passphrase1, strlen(passphrase1));
1284                         explicit_bzero(passphrase2, strlen(passphrase2));
1285                         free(passphrase1);
1286                         free(passphrase2);
1287                         printf("Pass phrases do not match.  Try again.\n");
1288                         exit(1);
1289                 }
1290                 /* Destroy the other copy. */
1291                 explicit_bzero(passphrase2, strlen(passphrase2));
1292                 free(passphrase2);
1293         }
1294
1295         /* Save the file using the new passphrase. */
1296         if (!key_save_private(private, identity_file, passphrase1, comment,
1297             use_new_format, new_format_cipher, rounds)) {
1298                 printf("Saving the key failed: %s.\n", identity_file);
1299                 explicit_bzero(passphrase1, strlen(passphrase1));
1300                 free(passphrase1);
1301                 key_free(private);
1302                 free(comment);
1303                 exit(1);
1304         }
1305         /* Destroy the passphrase and the copy of the key in memory. */
1306         explicit_bzero(passphrase1, strlen(passphrase1));
1307         free(passphrase1);
1308         key_free(private);               /* Destroys contents */
1309         free(comment);
1310
1311         printf("Your identification has been saved with the new passphrase.\n");
1312         exit(0);
1313 }
1314
1315 /*
1316  * Print the SSHFP RR.
1317  */
1318 static int
1319 do_print_resource_record(struct passwd *pw, char *fname, char *hname)
1320 {
1321         Key *public;
1322         char *comment = NULL;
1323         struct stat st;
1324
1325         if (fname == NULL)
1326                 fatal("%s: no filename", __func__);
1327         if (stat(fname, &st) < 0) {
1328                 if (errno == ENOENT)
1329                         return 0;
1330                 perror(fname);
1331                 exit(1);
1332         }
1333         public = key_load_public(fname, &comment);
1334         if (public != NULL) {
1335                 export_dns_rr(hname, public, stdout, print_generic);
1336                 key_free(public);
1337                 free(comment);
1338                 return 1;
1339         }
1340         if (comment)
1341                 free(comment);
1342
1343         printf("failed to read v2 public key from %s.\n", fname);
1344         exit(1);
1345 }
1346
1347 /*
1348  * Change the comment of a private key file.
1349  */
1350 static void
1351 do_change_comment(struct passwd *pw)
1352 {
1353         char new_comment[1024], *comment, *passphrase;
1354         Key *private;
1355         Key *public;
1356         struct stat st;
1357         FILE *f;
1358         int fd;
1359
1360         if (!have_identity)
1361                 ask_filename(pw, "Enter file in which the key is");
1362         if (stat(identity_file, &st) < 0) {
1363                 perror(identity_file);
1364                 exit(1);
1365         }
1366         private = key_load_private(identity_file, "", &comment);
1367         if (private == NULL) {
1368                 if (identity_passphrase)
1369                         passphrase = xstrdup(identity_passphrase);
1370                 else if (identity_new_passphrase)
1371                         passphrase = xstrdup(identity_new_passphrase);
1372                 else
1373                         passphrase = read_passphrase("Enter passphrase: ",
1374                             RP_ALLOW_STDIN);
1375                 /* Try to load using the passphrase. */
1376                 private = key_load_private(identity_file, passphrase, &comment);
1377                 if (private == NULL) {
1378                         explicit_bzero(passphrase, strlen(passphrase));
1379                         free(passphrase);
1380                         printf("Bad passphrase.\n");
1381                         exit(1);
1382                 }
1383         } else {
1384                 passphrase = xstrdup("");
1385         }
1386         if (private->type != KEY_RSA1) {
1387                 fprintf(stderr, "Comments are only supported for RSA1 keys.\n");
1388                 key_free(private);
1389                 exit(1);
1390         }
1391         printf("Key now has comment '%s'\n", comment);
1392
1393         if (identity_comment) {
1394                 strlcpy(new_comment, identity_comment, sizeof(new_comment));
1395         } else {
1396                 printf("Enter new comment: ");
1397                 fflush(stdout);
1398                 if (!fgets(new_comment, sizeof(new_comment), stdin)) {
1399                         explicit_bzero(passphrase, strlen(passphrase));
1400                         key_free(private);
1401                         exit(1);
1402                 }
1403                 new_comment[strcspn(new_comment, "\n")] = '\0';
1404         }
1405
1406         /* Save the file using the new passphrase. */
1407         if (!key_save_private(private, identity_file, passphrase, new_comment,
1408             use_new_format, new_format_cipher, rounds)) {
1409                 printf("Saving the key failed: %s.\n", identity_file);
1410                 explicit_bzero(passphrase, strlen(passphrase));
1411                 free(passphrase);
1412                 key_free(private);
1413                 free(comment);
1414                 exit(1);
1415         }
1416         explicit_bzero(passphrase, strlen(passphrase));
1417         free(passphrase);
1418         public = key_from_private(private);
1419         key_free(private);
1420
1421         strlcat(identity_file, ".pub", sizeof(identity_file));
1422         fd = open(identity_file, O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC, 0644);
1423         if (fd == -1) {
1424                 printf("Could not save your public key in %s\n", identity_file);
1425                 exit(1);
1426         }
1427         f = fdopen(fd, "w");
1428         if (f == NULL) {
1429                 printf("fdopen %s failed\n", identity_file);
1430                 exit(1);
1431         }
1432         if (!key_write(public, f))
1433                 fprintf(stderr, "write key failed\n");
1434         key_free(public);
1435         fprintf(f, " %s\n", new_comment);
1436         fclose(f);
1437
1438         free(comment);
1439
1440         printf("The comment in your key file has been changed.\n");
1441         exit(0);
1442 }
1443
1444 static const char *
1445 fmt_validity(u_int64_t valid_from, u_int64_t valid_to)
1446 {
1447         char from[32], to[32];
1448         static char ret[64];
1449         time_t tt;
1450         struct tm *tm;
1451
1452         *from = *to = '\0';
1453         if (valid_from == 0 && valid_to == 0xffffffffffffffffULL)
1454                 return "forever";
1455
1456         if (valid_from != 0) {
1457                 /* XXX revisit INT_MAX in 2038 :) */
1458                 tt = valid_from > INT_MAX ? INT_MAX : valid_from;
1459                 tm = localtime(&tt);
1460                 strftime(from, sizeof(from), "%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S", tm);
1461         }
1462         if (valid_to != 0xffffffffffffffffULL) {
1463                 /* XXX revisit INT_MAX in 2038 :) */
1464                 tt = valid_to > INT_MAX ? INT_MAX : valid_to;
1465                 tm = localtime(&tt);
1466                 strftime(to, sizeof(to), "%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S", tm);
1467         }
1468
1469         if (valid_from == 0) {
1470                 snprintf(ret, sizeof(ret), "before %s", to);
1471                 return ret;
1472         }
1473         if (valid_to == 0xffffffffffffffffULL) {
1474                 snprintf(ret, sizeof(ret), "after %s", from);
1475                 return ret;
1476         }
1477
1478         snprintf(ret, sizeof(ret), "from %s to %s", from, to);
1479         return ret;
1480 }
1481
1482 static void
1483 add_flag_option(Buffer *c, const char *name)
1484 {
1485         debug3("%s: %s", __func__, name);
1486         buffer_put_cstring(c, name);
1487         buffer_put_string(c, NULL, 0);
1488 }
1489
1490 static void
1491 add_string_option(Buffer *c, const char *name, const char *value)
1492 {
1493         Buffer b;
1494
1495         debug3("%s: %s=%s", __func__, name, value);
1496         buffer_init(&b);
1497         buffer_put_cstring(&b, value);
1498
1499         buffer_put_cstring(c, name);
1500         buffer_put_string(c, buffer_ptr(&b), buffer_len(&b));
1501
1502         buffer_free(&b);
1503 }
1504
1505 #define OPTIONS_CRITICAL        1
1506 #define OPTIONS_EXTENSIONS      2
1507 static void
1508 prepare_options_buf(Buffer *c, int which)
1509 {
1510         buffer_clear(c);
1511         if ((which & OPTIONS_CRITICAL) != 0 &&
1512             certflags_command != NULL)
1513                 add_string_option(c, "force-command", certflags_command);
1514         if ((which & OPTIONS_EXTENSIONS) != 0 &&
1515             (certflags_flags & CERTOPT_X_FWD) != 0)
1516                 add_flag_option(c, "permit-X11-forwarding");
1517         if ((which & OPTIONS_EXTENSIONS) != 0 &&
1518             (certflags_flags & CERTOPT_AGENT_FWD) != 0)
1519                 add_flag_option(c, "permit-agent-forwarding");
1520         if ((which & OPTIONS_EXTENSIONS) != 0 &&
1521             (certflags_flags & CERTOPT_PORT_FWD) != 0)
1522                 add_flag_option(c, "permit-port-forwarding");
1523         if ((which & OPTIONS_EXTENSIONS) != 0 &&
1524             (certflags_flags & CERTOPT_PTY) != 0)
1525                 add_flag_option(c, "permit-pty");
1526         if ((which & OPTIONS_EXTENSIONS) != 0 &&
1527             (certflags_flags & CERTOPT_USER_RC) != 0)
1528                 add_flag_option(c, "permit-user-rc");
1529         if ((which & OPTIONS_CRITICAL) != 0 &&
1530             certflags_src_addr != NULL)
1531                 add_string_option(c, "source-address", certflags_src_addr);
1532 }
1533
1534 static Key *
1535 load_pkcs11_key(char *path)
1536 {
1537 #ifdef ENABLE_PKCS11
1538         Key **keys = NULL, *public, *private = NULL;
1539         int i, nkeys;
1540
1541         if ((public = key_load_public(path, NULL)) == NULL)
1542                 fatal("Couldn't load CA public key \"%s\"", path);
1543
1544         nkeys = pkcs11_add_provider(pkcs11provider, identity_passphrase, &keys);
1545         debug3("%s: %d keys", __func__, nkeys);
1546         if (nkeys <= 0)
1547                 fatal("cannot read public key from pkcs11");
1548         for (i = 0; i < nkeys; i++) {
1549                 if (key_equal_public(public, keys[i])) {
1550                         private = keys[i];
1551                         continue;
1552                 }
1553                 key_free(keys[i]);
1554         }
1555         free(keys);
1556         key_free(public);
1557         return private;
1558 #else
1559         fatal("no pkcs11 support");
1560 #endif /* ENABLE_PKCS11 */
1561 }
1562
1563 static void
1564 do_ca_sign(struct passwd *pw, int argc, char **argv)
1565 {
1566         int i, fd;
1567         u_int n;
1568         Key *ca, *public;
1569         char *otmp, *tmp, *cp, *out, *comment, **plist = NULL;
1570         FILE *f;
1571         int v00 = 0; /* legacy keys */
1572
1573         if (key_type_name != NULL) {
1574                 switch (key_type_from_name(key_type_name)) {
1575                 case KEY_RSA_CERT_V00:
1576                 case KEY_DSA_CERT_V00:
1577                         v00 = 1;
1578                         break;
1579                 case KEY_UNSPEC:
1580                         if (strcasecmp(key_type_name, "v00") == 0) {
1581                                 v00 = 1;
1582                                 break;
1583                         } else if (strcasecmp(key_type_name, "v01") == 0)
1584                                 break;
1585                         /* FALLTHROUGH */
1586                 default:
1587                         fprintf(stderr, "unknown key type %s\n", key_type_name);
1588                         exit(1);
1589                 }
1590         }
1591
1592         pkcs11_init(1);
1593         tmp = tilde_expand_filename(ca_key_path, pw->pw_uid);
1594         if (pkcs11provider != NULL) {
1595                 if ((ca = load_pkcs11_key(tmp)) == NULL)
1596                         fatal("No PKCS#11 key matching %s found", ca_key_path);
1597         } else if ((ca = load_identity(tmp)) == NULL)
1598                 fatal("Couldn't load CA key \"%s\"", tmp);
1599         free(tmp);
1600
1601         for (i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
1602                 /* Split list of principals */
1603                 n = 0;
1604                 if (cert_principals != NULL) {
1605                         otmp = tmp = xstrdup(cert_principals);
1606                         plist = NULL;
1607                         for (; (cp = strsep(&tmp, ",")) != NULL; n++) {
1608                                 plist = xrealloc(plist, n + 1, sizeof(*plist));
1609                                 if (*(plist[n] = xstrdup(cp)) == '\0')
1610                                         fatal("Empty principal name");
1611                         }
1612                         free(otmp);
1613                 }
1614
1615                 tmp = tilde_expand_filename(argv[i], pw->pw_uid);
1616                 if ((public = key_load_public(tmp, &comment)) == NULL)
1617                         fatal("%s: unable to open \"%s\"", __func__, tmp);
1618                 if (public->type != KEY_RSA && public->type != KEY_DSA &&
1619                     public->type != KEY_ECDSA && public->type != KEY_ED25519)
1620                         fatal("%s: key \"%s\" type %s cannot be certified",
1621                             __func__, tmp, key_type(public));
1622
1623                 /* Prepare certificate to sign */
1624                 if (key_to_certified(public, v00) != 0)
1625                         fatal("Could not upgrade key %s to certificate", tmp);
1626                 public->cert->type = cert_key_type;
1627                 public->cert->serial = (u_int64_t)cert_serial;
1628                 public->cert->key_id = xstrdup(cert_key_id);
1629                 public->cert->nprincipals = n;
1630                 public->cert->principals = plist;
1631                 public->cert->valid_after = cert_valid_from;
1632                 public->cert->valid_before = cert_valid_to;
1633                 if (v00) {
1634                         prepare_options_buf(&public->cert->critical,
1635                             OPTIONS_CRITICAL|OPTIONS_EXTENSIONS);
1636                 } else {
1637                         prepare_options_buf(&public->cert->critical,
1638                             OPTIONS_CRITICAL);
1639                         prepare_options_buf(&public->cert->extensions,
1640                             OPTIONS_EXTENSIONS);
1641                 }
1642                 public->cert->signature_key = key_from_private(ca);
1643
1644                 if (key_certify(public, ca) != 0)
1645                         fatal("Couldn't not certify key %s", tmp);
1646
1647                 if ((cp = strrchr(tmp, '.')) != NULL && strcmp(cp, ".pub") == 0)
1648                         *cp = '\0';
1649                 xasprintf(&out, "%s-cert.pub", tmp);
1650                 free(tmp);
1651
1652                 if ((fd = open(out, O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_TRUNC, 0644)) == -1)
1653                         fatal("Could not open \"%s\" for writing: %s", out,
1654                             strerror(errno));
1655                 if ((f = fdopen(fd, "w")) == NULL)
1656                         fatal("%s: fdopen: %s", __func__, strerror(errno));
1657                 if (!key_write(public, f))
1658                         fatal("Could not write certified key to %s", out);
1659                 fprintf(f, " %s\n", comment);
1660                 fclose(f);
1661
1662                 if (!quiet) {
1663                         logit("Signed %s key %s: id \"%s\" serial %llu%s%s "
1664                             "valid %s", key_cert_type(public),
1665                             out, public->cert->key_id,
1666                             (unsigned long long)public->cert->serial,
1667                             cert_principals != NULL ? " for " : "",
1668                             cert_principals != NULL ? cert_principals : "",
1669                             fmt_validity(cert_valid_from, cert_valid_to));
1670                 }
1671
1672                 key_free(public);
1673                 free(out);
1674         }
1675         pkcs11_terminate();
1676         exit(0);
1677 }
1678
1679 static u_int64_t
1680 parse_relative_time(const char *s, time_t now)
1681 {
1682         int64_t mul, secs;
1683
1684         mul = *s == '-' ? -1 : 1;
1685
1686         if ((secs = convtime(s + 1)) == -1)
1687                 fatal("Invalid relative certificate time %s", s);
1688         if (mul == -1 && secs > now)
1689                 fatal("Certificate time %s cannot be represented", s);
1690         return now + (u_int64_t)(secs * mul);
1691 }
1692
1693 static u_int64_t
1694 parse_absolute_time(const char *s)
1695 {
1696         struct tm tm;
1697         time_t tt;
1698         char buf[32], *fmt;
1699
1700         /*
1701          * POSIX strptime says "The application shall ensure that there
1702          * is white-space or other non-alphanumeric characters between
1703          * any two conversion specifications" so arrange things this way.
1704          */
1705         switch (strlen(s)) {
1706         case 8:
1707                 fmt = "%Y-%m-%d";
1708                 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%.4s-%.2s-%.2s", s, s + 4, s + 6);
1709                 break;
1710         case 14:
1711                 fmt = "%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S";
1712                 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%.4s-%.2s-%.2sT%.2s:%.2s:%.2s",
1713                     s, s + 4, s + 6, s + 8, s + 10, s + 12);
1714                 break;
1715         default:
1716                 fatal("Invalid certificate time format %s", s);
1717         }
1718
1719         memset(&tm, 0, sizeof(tm));
1720         if (strptime(buf, fmt, &tm) == NULL)
1721                 fatal("Invalid certificate time %s", s);
1722         if ((tt = mktime(&tm)) < 0)
1723                 fatal("Certificate time %s cannot be represented", s);
1724         return (u_int64_t)tt;
1725 }
1726
1727 static void
1728 parse_cert_times(char *timespec)
1729 {
1730         char *from, *to;
1731         time_t now = time(NULL);
1732         int64_t secs;
1733
1734         /* +timespec relative to now */
1735         if (*timespec == '+' && strchr(timespec, ':') == NULL) {
1736                 if ((secs = convtime(timespec + 1)) == -1)
1737                         fatal("Invalid relative certificate life %s", timespec);
1738                 cert_valid_to = now + secs;
1739                 /*
1740                  * Backdate certificate one minute to avoid problems on hosts
1741                  * with poorly-synchronised clocks.
1742                  */
1743                 cert_valid_from = ((now - 59)/ 60) * 60;
1744                 return;
1745         }
1746
1747         /*
1748          * from:to, where
1749          * from := [+-]timespec | YYYYMMDD | YYYYMMDDHHMMSS
1750          *   to := [+-]timespec | YYYYMMDD | YYYYMMDDHHMMSS
1751          */
1752         from = xstrdup(timespec);
1753         to = strchr(from, ':');
1754         if (to == NULL || from == to || *(to + 1) == '\0')
1755                 fatal("Invalid certificate life specification %s", timespec);
1756         *to++ = '\0';
1757
1758         if (*from == '-' || *from == '+')
1759                 cert_valid_from = parse_relative_time(from, now);
1760         else
1761                 cert_valid_from = parse_absolute_time(from);
1762
1763         if (*to == '-' || *to == '+')
1764                 cert_valid_to = parse_relative_time(to, now);
1765         else
1766                 cert_valid_to = parse_absolute_time(to);
1767
1768         if (cert_valid_to <= cert_valid_from)
1769                 fatal("Empty certificate validity interval");
1770         free(from);
1771 }
1772
1773 static void
1774 add_cert_option(char *opt)
1775 {
1776         char *val;
1777
1778         if (strcasecmp(opt, "clear") == 0)
1779                 certflags_flags = 0;
1780         else if (strcasecmp(opt, "no-x11-forwarding") == 0)
1781                 certflags_flags &= ~CERTOPT_X_FWD;
1782         else if (strcasecmp(opt, "permit-x11-forwarding") == 0)
1783                 certflags_flags |= CERTOPT_X_FWD;
1784         else if (strcasecmp(opt, "no-agent-forwarding") == 0)
1785                 certflags_flags &= ~CERTOPT_AGENT_FWD;
1786         else if (strcasecmp(opt, "permit-agent-forwarding") == 0)
1787                 certflags_flags |= CERTOPT_AGENT_FWD;
1788         else if (strcasecmp(opt, "no-port-forwarding") == 0)
1789                 certflags_flags &= ~CERTOPT_PORT_FWD;
1790         else if (strcasecmp(opt, "permit-port-forwarding") == 0)
1791                 certflags_flags |= CERTOPT_PORT_FWD;
1792         else if (strcasecmp(opt, "no-pty") == 0)
1793                 certflags_flags &= ~CERTOPT_PTY;
1794         else if (strcasecmp(opt, "permit-pty") == 0)
1795                 certflags_flags |= CERTOPT_PTY;
1796         else if (strcasecmp(opt, "no-user-rc") == 0)
1797                 certflags_flags &= ~CERTOPT_USER_RC;
1798         else if (strcasecmp(opt, "permit-user-rc") == 0)
1799                 certflags_flags |= CERTOPT_USER_RC;
1800         else if (strncasecmp(opt, "force-command=", 14) == 0) {
1801                 val = opt + 14;
1802                 if (*val == '\0')
1803                         fatal("Empty force-command option");
1804                 if (certflags_command != NULL)
1805                         fatal("force-command already specified");
1806                 certflags_command = xstrdup(val);
1807         } else if (strncasecmp(opt, "source-address=", 15) == 0) {
1808                 val = opt + 15;
1809                 if (*val == '\0')
1810                         fatal("Empty source-address option");
1811                 if (certflags_src_addr != NULL)
1812                         fatal("source-address already specified");
1813                 if (addr_match_cidr_list(NULL, val) != 0)
1814                         fatal("Invalid source-address list");
1815                 certflags_src_addr = xstrdup(val);
1816         } else
1817                 fatal("Unsupported certificate option \"%s\"", opt);
1818 }
1819
1820 static void
1821 show_options(const Buffer *optbuf, int v00, int in_critical)
1822 {
1823         char *name;
1824         u_char *data;
1825         u_int dlen;
1826         Buffer options, option;
1827
1828         buffer_init(&options);
1829         buffer_append(&options, buffer_ptr(optbuf), buffer_len(optbuf));
1830
1831         buffer_init(&option);
1832         while (buffer_len(&options) != 0) {
1833                 name = buffer_get_string(&options, NULL);
1834                 data = buffer_get_string_ptr(&options, &dlen);
1835                 buffer_append(&option, data, dlen);
1836                 printf("                %s", name);
1837                 if ((v00 || !in_critical) &&
1838                     (strcmp(name, "permit-X11-forwarding") == 0 ||
1839                     strcmp(name, "permit-agent-forwarding") == 0 ||
1840                     strcmp(name, "permit-port-forwarding") == 0 ||
1841                     strcmp(name, "permit-pty") == 0 ||
1842                     strcmp(name, "permit-user-rc") == 0))
1843                         printf("\n");
1844                 else if ((v00 || in_critical) &&
1845                     (strcmp(name, "force-command") == 0 ||
1846                     strcmp(name, "source-address") == 0)) {
1847                         data = buffer_get_string(&option, NULL);
1848                         printf(" %s\n", data);
1849                         free(data);
1850                 } else {
1851                         printf(" UNKNOWN OPTION (len %u)\n",
1852                             buffer_len(&option));
1853                         buffer_clear(&option);
1854                 }
1855                 free(name);
1856                 if (buffer_len(&option) != 0)
1857                         fatal("Option corrupt: extra data at end");
1858         }
1859         buffer_free(&option);
1860         buffer_free(&options);
1861 }
1862
1863 static void
1864 do_show_cert(struct passwd *pw)
1865 {
1866         Key *key;
1867         struct stat st;
1868         char *key_fp, *ca_fp;
1869         u_int i, v00;
1870
1871         if (!have_identity)
1872                 ask_filename(pw, "Enter file in which the key is");
1873         if (stat(identity_file, &st) < 0)
1874                 fatal("%s: %s: %s", __progname, identity_file, strerror(errno));
1875         if ((key = key_load_public(identity_file, NULL)) == NULL)
1876                 fatal("%s is not a public key", identity_file);
1877         if (!key_is_cert(key))
1878                 fatal("%s is not a certificate", identity_file);
1879         v00 = key->type == KEY_RSA_CERT_V00 || key->type == KEY_DSA_CERT_V00;
1880
1881         key_fp = key_fingerprint(key, SSH_FP_MD5, SSH_FP_HEX);
1882         ca_fp = key_fingerprint(key->cert->signature_key,
1883             SSH_FP_MD5, SSH_FP_HEX);
1884
1885         printf("%s:\n", identity_file);
1886         printf("        Type: %s %s certificate\n", key_ssh_name(key),
1887             key_cert_type(key));
1888         printf("        Public key: %s %s\n", key_type(key), key_fp);
1889         printf("        Signing CA: %s %s\n",
1890             key_type(key->cert->signature_key), ca_fp);
1891         printf("        Key ID: \"%s\"\n", key->cert->key_id);
1892         if (!v00) {
1893                 printf("        Serial: %llu\n",
1894                     (unsigned long long)key->cert->serial);
1895         }
1896         printf("        Valid: %s\n",
1897             fmt_validity(key->cert->valid_after, key->cert->valid_before));
1898         printf("        Principals: ");
1899         if (key->cert->nprincipals == 0)
1900                 printf("(none)\n");
1901         else {
1902                 for (i = 0; i < key->cert->nprincipals; i++)
1903                         printf("\n                %s",
1904                             key->cert->principals[i]);
1905                 printf("\n");
1906         }
1907         printf("        Critical Options: ");
1908         if (buffer_len(&key->cert->critical) == 0)
1909                 printf("(none)\n");
1910         else {
1911                 printf("\n");
1912                 show_options(&key->cert->critical, v00, 1);
1913         }
1914         if (!v00) {
1915                 printf("        Extensions: ");
1916                 if (buffer_len(&key->cert->extensions) == 0)
1917                         printf("(none)\n");
1918                 else {
1919                         printf("\n");
1920                         show_options(&key->cert->extensions, v00, 0);
1921                 }
1922         }
1923         exit(0);
1924 }
1925
1926 static void
1927 load_krl(const char *path, struct ssh_krl **krlp)
1928 {
1929         Buffer krlbuf;
1930         int fd;
1931
1932         buffer_init(&krlbuf);
1933         if ((fd = open(path, O_RDONLY)) == -1)
1934                 fatal("open %s: %s", path, strerror(errno));
1935         if (!key_load_file(fd, path, &krlbuf))
1936                 fatal("Unable to load KRL");
1937         close(fd);
1938         /* XXX check sigs */
1939         if (ssh_krl_from_blob(&krlbuf, krlp, NULL, 0) != 0 ||
1940             *krlp == NULL)
1941                 fatal("Invalid KRL file");
1942         buffer_free(&krlbuf);
1943 }
1944
1945 static void
1946 update_krl_from_file(struct passwd *pw, const char *file, const Key *ca,
1947     struct ssh_krl *krl)
1948 {
1949         Key *key = NULL;
1950         u_long lnum = 0;
1951         char *path, *cp, *ep, line[SSH_MAX_PUBKEY_BYTES];
1952         unsigned long long serial, serial2;
1953         int i, was_explicit_key, was_sha1, r;
1954         FILE *krl_spec;
1955
1956         path = tilde_expand_filename(file, pw->pw_uid);
1957         if (strcmp(path, "-") == 0) {
1958                 krl_spec = stdin;
1959                 free(path);
1960                 path = xstrdup("(standard input)");
1961         } else if ((krl_spec = fopen(path, "r")) == NULL)
1962                 fatal("fopen %s: %s", path, strerror(errno));
1963
1964         if (!quiet)
1965                 printf("Revoking from %s\n", path);
1966         while (read_keyfile_line(krl_spec, path, line, sizeof(line),
1967             &lnum) == 0) {
1968                 was_explicit_key = was_sha1 = 0;
1969                 cp = line + strspn(line, " \t");
1970                 /* Trim trailing space, comments and strip \n */
1971                 for (i = 0, r = -1; cp[i] != '\0'; i++) {
1972                         if (cp[i] == '#' || cp[i] == '\n') {
1973                                 cp[i] = '\0';
1974                                 break;
1975                         }
1976                         if (cp[i] == ' ' || cp[i] == '\t') {
1977                                 /* Remember the start of a span of whitespace */
1978                                 if (r == -1)
1979                                         r = i;
1980                         } else
1981                                 r = -1;
1982                 }
1983                 if (r != -1)
1984                         cp[r] = '\0';
1985                 if (*cp == '\0')
1986                         continue;
1987                 if (strncasecmp(cp, "serial:", 7) == 0) {
1988                         if (ca == NULL) {
1989                                 fatal("revoking certificates by serial number "
1990                                     "requires specification of a CA key");
1991                         }
1992                         cp += 7;
1993                         cp = cp + strspn(cp, " \t");
1994                         errno = 0;
1995                         serial = strtoull(cp, &ep, 0);
1996                         if (*cp == '\0' || (*ep != '\0' && *ep != '-'))
1997                                 fatal("%s:%lu: invalid serial \"%s\"",
1998                                     path, lnum, cp);
1999                         if (errno == ERANGE && serial == ULLONG_MAX)
2000                                 fatal("%s:%lu: serial out of range",
2001                                     path, lnum);
2002                         serial2 = serial;
2003                         if (*ep == '-') {
2004                                 cp = ep + 1;
2005                                 errno = 0;
2006                                 serial2 = strtoull(cp, &ep, 0);
2007                                 if (*cp == '\0' || *ep != '\0')
2008                                         fatal("%s:%lu: invalid serial \"%s\"",
2009                                             path, lnum, cp);
2010                                 if (errno == ERANGE && serial2 == ULLONG_MAX)
2011                                         fatal("%s:%lu: serial out of range",
2012                                             path, lnum);
2013                                 if (serial2 <= serial)
2014                                         fatal("%s:%lu: invalid serial range "
2015                                             "%llu:%llu", path, lnum,
2016                                             (unsigned long long)serial,
2017                                             (unsigned long long)serial2);
2018                         }
2019                         if (ssh_krl_revoke_cert_by_serial_range(krl,
2020                             ca, serial, serial2) != 0) {
2021                                 fatal("%s: revoke serial failed",
2022                                     __func__);
2023                         }
2024                 } else if (strncasecmp(cp, "id:", 3) == 0) {
2025                         if (ca == NULL) {
2026                                 fatal("revoking certificates by key ID "
2027                                     "requires specification of a CA key");
2028                         }
2029                         cp += 3;
2030                         cp = cp + strspn(cp, " \t");
2031                         if (ssh_krl_revoke_cert_by_key_id(krl, ca, cp) != 0)
2032                                 fatal("%s: revoke key ID failed", __func__);
2033                 } else {
2034                         if (strncasecmp(cp, "key:", 4) == 0) {
2035                                 cp += 4;
2036                                 cp = cp + strspn(cp, " \t");
2037                                 was_explicit_key = 1;
2038                         } else if (strncasecmp(cp, "sha1:", 5) == 0) {
2039                                 cp += 5;
2040                                 cp = cp + strspn(cp, " \t");
2041                                 was_sha1 = 1;
2042                         } else {
2043                                 /*
2044                                  * Just try to process the line as a key.
2045                                  * Parsing will fail if it isn't.
2046                                  */
2047                         }
2048                         if ((key = key_new(KEY_UNSPEC)) == NULL)
2049                                 fatal("key_new");
2050                         if (key_read(key, &cp) != 1)
2051                                 fatal("%s:%lu: invalid key", path, lnum);
2052                         if (was_explicit_key)
2053                                 r = ssh_krl_revoke_key_explicit(krl, key);
2054                         else if (was_sha1)
2055                                 r = ssh_krl_revoke_key_sha1(krl, key);
2056                         else
2057                                 r = ssh_krl_revoke_key(krl, key);
2058                         if (r != 0)
2059                                 fatal("%s: revoke key failed", __func__);
2060                         key_free(key);
2061                 }
2062         }
2063         if (strcmp(path, "-") != 0)
2064                 fclose(krl_spec);
2065         free(path);
2066 }
2067
2068 static void
2069 do_gen_krl(struct passwd *pw, int updating, int argc, char **argv)
2070 {
2071         struct ssh_krl *krl;
2072         struct stat sb;
2073         Key *ca = NULL;
2074         int fd, i;
2075         char *tmp;
2076         Buffer kbuf;
2077
2078         if (*identity_file == '\0')
2079                 fatal("KRL generation requires an output file");
2080         if (stat(identity_file, &sb) == -1) {
2081                 if (errno != ENOENT)
2082                         fatal("Cannot access KRL \"%s\": %s",
2083                             identity_file, strerror(errno));
2084                 if (updating)
2085                         fatal("KRL \"%s\" does not exist", identity_file);
2086         }
2087         if (ca_key_path != NULL) {
2088                 tmp = tilde_expand_filename(ca_key_path, pw->pw_uid);
2089                 if ((ca = key_load_public(tmp, NULL)) == NULL)
2090                         fatal("Cannot load CA public key %s", tmp);
2091                 free(tmp);
2092         }
2093
2094         if (updating)
2095                 load_krl(identity_file, &krl);
2096         else if ((krl = ssh_krl_init()) == NULL)
2097                 fatal("couldn't create KRL");
2098
2099         if (cert_serial != 0)
2100                 ssh_krl_set_version(krl, cert_serial);
2101         if (identity_comment != NULL)
2102                 ssh_krl_set_comment(krl, identity_comment);
2103
2104         for (i = 0; i < argc; i++)
2105                 update_krl_from_file(pw, argv[i], ca, krl);
2106
2107         buffer_init(&kbuf);
2108         if (ssh_krl_to_blob(krl, &kbuf, NULL, 0) != 0)
2109                 fatal("Couldn't generate KRL");
2110         if ((fd = open(identity_file, O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_TRUNC, 0644)) == -1)
2111                 fatal("open %s: %s", identity_file, strerror(errno));
2112         if (atomicio(vwrite, fd, buffer_ptr(&kbuf), buffer_len(&kbuf)) !=
2113             buffer_len(&kbuf))
2114                 fatal("write %s: %s", identity_file, strerror(errno));
2115         close(fd);
2116         buffer_free(&kbuf);
2117         ssh_krl_free(krl);
2118         if (ca != NULL)
2119                 key_free(ca);
2120 }
2121
2122 static void
2123 do_check_krl(struct passwd *pw, int argc, char **argv)
2124 {
2125         int i, r, ret = 0;
2126         char *comment;
2127         struct ssh_krl *krl;
2128         Key *k;
2129
2130         if (*identity_file == '\0')
2131                 fatal("KRL checking requires an input file");
2132         load_krl(identity_file, &krl);
2133         for (i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
2134                 if ((k = key_load_public(argv[i], &comment)) == NULL)
2135                         fatal("Cannot load public key %s", argv[i]);
2136                 r = ssh_krl_check_key(krl, k);
2137                 printf("%s%s%s%s: %s\n", argv[i],
2138                     *comment ? " (" : "", comment, *comment ? ")" : "",
2139                     r == 0 ? "ok" : "REVOKED");
2140                 if (r != 0)
2141                         ret = 1;
2142                 key_free(k);
2143                 free(comment);
2144         }
2145         ssh_krl_free(krl);
2146         exit(ret);
2147 }
2148
2149 static void
2150 usage(void)
2151 {
2152         fprintf(stderr, "usage: %s [options]\n", __progname);
2153         fprintf(stderr, "Options:\n");
2154         fprintf(stderr, "  -A          Generate non-existent host keys for all key types.\n");
2155         fprintf(stderr, "  -a number   Number of KDF rounds for new key format or moduli primality tests.\n");
2156         fprintf(stderr, "  -B          Show bubblebabble digest of key file.\n");
2157         fprintf(stderr, "  -b bits     Number of bits in the key to create.\n");
2158         fprintf(stderr, "  -C comment  Provide new comment.\n");
2159         fprintf(stderr, "  -c          Change comment in private and public key files.\n");
2160 #ifdef ENABLE_PKCS11
2161         fprintf(stderr, "  -D pkcs11   Download public key from pkcs11 token.\n");
2162 #endif
2163         fprintf(stderr, "  -e          Export OpenSSH to foreign format key file.\n");
2164         fprintf(stderr, "  -F hostname Find hostname in known hosts file.\n");
2165         fprintf(stderr, "  -f filename Filename of the key file.\n");
2166         fprintf(stderr, "  -G file     Generate candidates for DH-GEX moduli.\n");
2167         fprintf(stderr, "  -g          Use generic DNS resource record format.\n");
2168         fprintf(stderr, "  -H          Hash names in known_hosts file.\n");
2169         fprintf(stderr, "  -h          Generate host certificate instead of a user certificate.\n");
2170         fprintf(stderr, "  -I key_id   Key identifier to include in certificate.\n");
2171         fprintf(stderr, "  -i          Import foreign format to OpenSSH key file.\n");
2172         fprintf(stderr, "  -J number   Screen this number of moduli lines.\n");
2173         fprintf(stderr, "  -j number   Start screening moduli at specified line.\n");
2174         fprintf(stderr, "  -K checkpt  Write checkpoints to this file.\n");
2175         fprintf(stderr, "  -k          Generate a KRL file.\n");
2176         fprintf(stderr, "  -L          Print the contents of a certificate.\n");
2177         fprintf(stderr, "  -l          Show fingerprint of key file.\n");
2178         fprintf(stderr, "  -M memory   Amount of memory (MB) to use for generating DH-GEX moduli.\n");
2179         fprintf(stderr, "  -m key_fmt  Conversion format for -e/-i (PEM|PKCS8|RFC4716).\n");
2180         fprintf(stderr, "  -N phrase   Provide new passphrase.\n");
2181         fprintf(stderr, "  -n name,... User/host principal names to include in certificate\n");
2182         fprintf(stderr, "  -O option   Specify a certificate option.\n");
2183         fprintf(stderr, "  -o          Enforce new private key format.\n");
2184         fprintf(stderr, "  -P phrase   Provide old passphrase.\n");
2185         fprintf(stderr, "  -p          Change passphrase of private key file.\n");
2186         fprintf(stderr, "  -Q          Test whether key(s) are revoked in KRL.\n");
2187         fprintf(stderr, "  -q          Quiet.\n");
2188         fprintf(stderr, "  -R hostname Remove host from known_hosts file.\n");
2189         fprintf(stderr, "  -r hostname Print DNS resource record.\n");
2190         fprintf(stderr, "  -S start    Start point (hex) for generating DH-GEX moduli.\n");
2191         fprintf(stderr, "  -s ca_key   Certify keys with CA key.\n");
2192         fprintf(stderr, "  -T file     Screen candidates for DH-GEX moduli.\n");
2193         fprintf(stderr, "  -t type     Specify type of key to create.\n");
2194         fprintf(stderr, "  -u          Update KRL rather than creating a new one.\n");
2195         fprintf(stderr, "  -V from:to  Specify certificate validity interval.\n");
2196         fprintf(stderr, "  -v          Verbose.\n");
2197         fprintf(stderr, "  -W gen      Generator to use for generating DH-GEX moduli.\n");
2198         fprintf(stderr, "  -y          Read private key file and print public key.\n");
2199         fprintf(stderr, "  -Z cipher   Specify a cipher for new private key format.\n");
2200         fprintf(stderr, "  -z serial   Specify a serial number.\n");
2201
2202         exit(1);
2203 }
2204
2205 /*
2206  * Main program for key management.
2207  */
2208 int
2209 main(int argc, char **argv)
2210 {
2211         char dotsshdir[MAXPATHLEN], comment[1024], *passphrase1, *passphrase2;
2212         char *checkpoint = NULL;
2213         char out_file[MAXPATHLEN], *ep, *rr_hostname = NULL;
2214         Key *private, *public;
2215         struct passwd *pw;
2216         struct stat st;
2217         int opt, type, fd;
2218         u_int32_t memory = 0, generator_wanted = 0;
2219         int do_gen_candidates = 0, do_screen_candidates = 0;
2220         int gen_all_hostkeys = 0, gen_krl = 0, update_krl = 0, check_krl = 0;
2221         unsigned long start_lineno = 0, lines_to_process = 0;
2222         BIGNUM *start = NULL;
2223         FILE *f;
2224         const char *errstr;
2225
2226         extern int optind;
2227         extern char *optarg;
2228
2229         /* Ensure that fds 0, 1 and 2 are open or directed to /dev/null */
2230         sanitise_stdfd();
2231
2232         __progname = ssh_get_progname(argv[0]);
2233
2234         OpenSSL_add_all_algorithms();
2235         log_init(argv[0], SYSLOG_LEVEL_INFO, SYSLOG_FACILITY_USER, 1);
2236
2237         seed_rng();
2238
2239         /* we need this for the home * directory.  */
2240         pw = getpwuid(getuid());
2241         if (!pw) {
2242                 printf("No user exists for uid %lu\n", (u_long)getuid());
2243                 exit(1);
2244         }
2245         if (gethostname(hostname, sizeof(hostname)) < 0) {
2246                 perror("gethostname");
2247                 exit(1);
2248         }
2249
2250         /* Remaining characters: EUYdw */
2251         while ((opt = getopt(argc, argv, "ABHLQXceghiklopquvxy"
2252             "C:D:F:G:I:J:K:M:N:O:P:R:S:T:V:W:Z:a:b:f:g:j:m:n:r:s:t:z:")) != -1) {
2253                 switch (opt) {
2254                 case 'A':
2255                         gen_all_hostkeys = 1;
2256                         break;
2257                 case 'b':
2258                         bits = (u_int32_t)strtonum(optarg, 256, 32768, &errstr);
2259                         if (errstr)
2260                                 fatal("Bits has bad value %s (%s)",
2261                                         optarg, errstr);
2262                         break;
2263                 case 'F':
2264                         find_host = 1;
2265                         rr_hostname = optarg;
2266                         break;
2267                 case 'H':
2268                         hash_hosts = 1;
2269                         break;
2270                 case 'I':
2271                         cert_key_id = optarg;
2272                         break;
2273                 case 'J':
2274                         lines_to_process = strtoul(optarg, NULL, 10);
2275                         break;
2276                 case 'j':
2277                         start_lineno = strtoul(optarg, NULL, 10);
2278                         break;
2279                 case 'R':
2280                         delete_host = 1;
2281                         rr_hostname = optarg;
2282                         break;
2283                 case 'L':
2284                         show_cert = 1;
2285                         break;
2286                 case 'l':
2287                         print_fingerprint = 1;
2288                         break;
2289                 case 'B':
2290                         print_bubblebabble = 1;
2291                         break;
2292                 case 'm':
2293                         if (strcasecmp(optarg, "RFC4716") == 0 ||
2294                             strcasecmp(optarg, "ssh2") == 0) {
2295                                 convert_format = FMT_RFC4716;
2296                                 break;
2297                         }
2298                         if (strcasecmp(optarg, "PKCS8") == 0) {
2299                                 convert_format = FMT_PKCS8;
2300                                 break;
2301                         }
2302                         if (strcasecmp(optarg, "PEM") == 0) {
2303                                 convert_format = FMT_PEM;
2304                                 break;
2305                         }
2306                         fatal("Unsupported conversion format \"%s\"", optarg);
2307                 case 'n':
2308                         cert_principals = optarg;
2309                         break;
2310                 case 'o':
2311                         use_new_format = 1;
2312                         break;
2313                 case 'p':
2314                         change_passphrase = 1;
2315                         break;
2316                 case 'c':
2317                         change_comment = 1;
2318                         break;
2319                 case 'f':
2320                         if (strlcpy(identity_file, optarg, sizeof(identity_file)) >=
2321                             sizeof(identity_file))
2322                                 fatal("Identity filename too long");
2323                         have_identity = 1;
2324                         break;
2325                 case 'g':
2326                         print_generic = 1;
2327                         break;
2328                 case 'P':
2329                         identity_passphrase = optarg;
2330                         break;
2331                 case 'N':
2332                         identity_new_passphrase = optarg;
2333                         break;
2334                 case 'Q':
2335                         check_krl = 1;
2336                         break;
2337                 case 'O':
2338                         add_cert_option(optarg);
2339                         break;
2340                 case 'Z':
2341                         new_format_cipher = optarg;
2342                         break;
2343                 case 'C':
2344                         identity_comment = optarg;
2345                         break;
2346                 case 'q':
2347                         quiet = 1;
2348                         break;
2349                 case 'e':
2350                 case 'x':
2351                         /* export key */
2352                         convert_to = 1;
2353                         break;
2354                 case 'h':
2355                         cert_key_type = SSH2_CERT_TYPE_HOST;
2356                         certflags_flags = 0;
2357                         break;
2358                 case 'k':
2359                         gen_krl = 1;
2360                         break;
2361                 case 'i':
2362                 case 'X':
2363                         /* import key */
2364                         convert_from = 1;
2365                         break;
2366                 case 'y':
2367                         print_public = 1;
2368                         break;
2369                 case 's':
2370                         ca_key_path = optarg;
2371                         break;
2372                 case 't':
2373                         key_type_name = optarg;
2374                         break;
2375                 case 'D':
2376                         pkcs11provider = optarg;
2377                         break;
2378                 case 'u':
2379                         update_krl = 1;
2380                         break;
2381                 case 'v':
2382                         if (log_level == SYSLOG_LEVEL_INFO)
2383                                 log_level = SYSLOG_LEVEL_DEBUG1;
2384                         else {
2385                                 if (log_level >= SYSLOG_LEVEL_DEBUG1 &&
2386                                     log_level < SYSLOG_LEVEL_DEBUG3)
2387                                         log_level++;
2388                         }
2389                         break;
2390                 case 'r':
2391                         rr_hostname = optarg;
2392                         break;
2393                 case 'W':
2394                         generator_wanted = (u_int32_t)strtonum(optarg, 1,
2395                             UINT_MAX, &errstr);
2396                         if (errstr)
2397                                 fatal("Desired generator has bad value: %s (%s)",
2398                                         optarg, errstr);
2399                         break;
2400                 case 'a':
2401                         rounds = (int)strtonum(optarg, 1, INT_MAX, &errstr);
2402                         if (errstr)
2403                                 fatal("Invalid number: %s (%s)",
2404                                         optarg, errstr);
2405                         break;
2406                 case 'M':
2407                         memory = (u_int32_t)strtonum(optarg, 1, UINT_MAX, &errstr);
2408                         if (errstr)
2409                                 fatal("Memory limit is %s: %s", errstr, optarg);
2410                         break;
2411                 case 'G':
2412                         do_gen_candidates = 1;
2413                         if (strlcpy(out_file, optarg, sizeof(out_file)) >=
2414                             sizeof(out_file))
2415                                 fatal("Output filename too long");
2416                         break;
2417                 case 'T':
2418                         do_screen_candidates = 1;
2419                         if (strlcpy(out_file, optarg, sizeof(out_file)) >=
2420                             sizeof(out_file))
2421                                 fatal("Output filename too long");
2422                         break;
2423                 case 'K':
2424                         if (strlen(optarg) >= MAXPATHLEN)
2425                                 fatal("Checkpoint filename too long");
2426                         checkpoint = xstrdup(optarg);
2427                         break;
2428                 case 'S':
2429                         /* XXX - also compare length against bits */
2430                         if (BN_hex2bn(&start, optarg) == 0)
2431                                 fatal("Invalid start point.");
2432                         break;
2433                 case 'V':
2434                         parse_cert_times(optarg);
2435                         break;
2436                 case 'z':
2437                         errno = 0;
2438                         cert_serial = strtoull(optarg, &ep, 10);
2439                         if (*optarg < '0' || *optarg > '9' || *ep != '\0' ||
2440                             (errno == ERANGE && cert_serial == ULLONG_MAX))
2441                                 fatal("Invalid serial number \"%s\"", optarg);
2442                         break;
2443                 case '?':
2444                 default:
2445                         usage();
2446                 }
2447         }
2448
2449         /* reinit */
2450         log_init(argv[0], log_level, SYSLOG_FACILITY_USER, 1);
2451
2452         argv += optind;
2453         argc -= optind;
2454
2455         if (ca_key_path != NULL) {
2456                 if (argc < 1 && !gen_krl) {
2457                         printf("Too few arguments.\n");
2458                         usage();
2459                 }
2460         } else if (argc > 0 && !gen_krl && !check_krl) {
2461                 printf("Too many arguments.\n");
2462                 usage();
2463         }
2464         if (change_passphrase && change_comment) {
2465                 printf("Can only have one of -p and -c.\n");
2466                 usage();
2467         }
2468         if (print_fingerprint && (delete_host || hash_hosts)) {
2469                 printf("Cannot use -l with -H or -R.\n");
2470                 usage();
2471         }
2472         if (gen_krl) {
2473                 do_gen_krl(pw, update_krl, argc, argv);
2474                 return (0);
2475         }
2476         if (check_krl) {
2477                 do_check_krl(pw, argc, argv);
2478                 return (0);
2479         }
2480         if (ca_key_path != NULL) {
2481                 if (cert_key_id == NULL)
2482                         fatal("Must specify key id (-I) when certifying");
2483                 do_ca_sign(pw, argc, argv);
2484         }
2485         if (show_cert)
2486                 do_show_cert(pw);
2487         if (delete_host || hash_hosts || find_host)
2488                 do_known_hosts(pw, rr_hostname);
2489         if (pkcs11provider != NULL)
2490                 do_download(pw);
2491         if (print_fingerprint || print_bubblebabble)
2492                 do_fingerprint(pw);
2493         if (change_passphrase)
2494                 do_change_passphrase(pw);
2495         if (change_comment)
2496                 do_change_comment(pw);
2497         if (convert_to)
2498                 do_convert_to(pw);
2499         if (convert_from)
2500                 do_convert_from(pw);
2501         if (print_public)
2502                 do_print_public(pw);
2503         if (rr_hostname != NULL) {
2504                 unsigned int n = 0;
2505
2506                 if (have_identity) {
2507                         n = do_print_resource_record(pw,
2508                             identity_file, rr_hostname);
2509                         if (n == 0) {
2510                                 perror(identity_file);
2511                                 exit(1);
2512                         }
2513                         exit(0);
2514                 } else {
2515
2516                         n += do_print_resource_record(pw,
2517                             _PATH_HOST_RSA_KEY_FILE, rr_hostname);
2518                         n += do_print_resource_record(pw,
2519                             _PATH_HOST_DSA_KEY_FILE, rr_hostname);
2520                         n += do_print_resource_record(pw,
2521                             _PATH_HOST_ECDSA_KEY_FILE, rr_hostname);
2522
2523                         if (n == 0)
2524                                 fatal("no keys found.");
2525                         exit(0);
2526                 }
2527         }
2528
2529         if (do_gen_candidates) {
2530                 FILE *out = fopen(out_file, "w");
2531
2532                 if (out == NULL) {
2533                         error("Couldn't open modulus candidate file \"%s\": %s",
2534                             out_file, strerror(errno));
2535                         return (1);
2536                 }
2537                 if (bits == 0)
2538                         bits = DEFAULT_BITS;
2539                 if (gen_candidates(out, memory, bits, start) != 0)
2540                         fatal("modulus candidate generation failed");
2541
2542                 return (0);
2543         }
2544
2545         if (do_screen_candidates) {
2546                 FILE *in;
2547                 FILE *out = fopen(out_file, "a");
2548
2549                 if (have_identity && strcmp(identity_file, "-") != 0) {
2550                         if ((in = fopen(identity_file, "r")) == NULL) {
2551                                 fatal("Couldn't open modulus candidate "
2552                                     "file \"%s\": %s", identity_file,
2553                                     strerror(errno));
2554                         }
2555                 } else
2556                         in = stdin;
2557
2558                 if (out == NULL) {
2559                         fatal("Couldn't open moduli file \"%s\": %s",
2560                             out_file, strerror(errno));
2561                 }
2562                 if (prime_test(in, out, rounds == 0 ? 100 : rounds,
2563                     generator_wanted, checkpoint,
2564                     start_lineno, lines_to_process) != 0)
2565                         fatal("modulus screening failed");
2566                 return (0);
2567         }
2568
2569         if (gen_all_hostkeys) {
2570                 do_gen_all_hostkeys(pw);
2571                 return (0);
2572         }
2573
2574         if (key_type_name == NULL)
2575                 key_type_name = "rsa";
2576
2577         type = key_type_from_name(key_type_name);
2578         type_bits_valid(type, &bits);
2579
2580         if (!quiet)
2581                 printf("Generating public/private %s key pair.\n", key_type_name);
2582         private = key_generate(type, bits);
2583         if (private == NULL) {
2584                 fprintf(stderr, "key_generate failed\n");
2585                 exit(1);
2586         }
2587         public  = key_from_private(private);
2588
2589         if (!have_identity)
2590                 ask_filename(pw, "Enter file in which to save the key");
2591
2592         /* Create ~/.ssh directory if it doesn't already exist. */
2593         snprintf(dotsshdir, sizeof dotsshdir, "%s/%s",
2594             pw->pw_dir, _PATH_SSH_USER_DIR);
2595         if (strstr(identity_file, dotsshdir) != NULL) {
2596                 if (stat(dotsshdir, &st) < 0) {
2597                         if (errno != ENOENT) {
2598                                 error("Could not stat %s: %s", dotsshdir,
2599                                     strerror(errno));
2600                         } else if (mkdir(dotsshdir, 0700) < 0) {
2601                                 error("Could not create directory '%s': %s",
2602                                     dotsshdir, strerror(errno));
2603                         } else if (!quiet)
2604                                 printf("Created directory '%s'.\n", dotsshdir);
2605                 }
2606         }
2607         /* If the file already exists, ask the user to confirm. */
2608         if (stat(identity_file, &st) >= 0) {
2609                 char yesno[3];
2610                 printf("%s already exists.\n", identity_file);
2611                 printf("Overwrite (y/n)? ");
2612                 fflush(stdout);
2613                 if (fgets(yesno, sizeof(yesno), stdin) == NULL)
2614                         exit(1);
2615                 if (yesno[0] != 'y' && yesno[0] != 'Y')
2616                         exit(1);
2617         }
2618         /* Ask for a passphrase (twice). */
2619         if (identity_passphrase)
2620                 passphrase1 = xstrdup(identity_passphrase);
2621         else if (identity_new_passphrase)
2622                 passphrase1 = xstrdup(identity_new_passphrase);
2623         else {
2624 passphrase_again:
2625                 passphrase1 =
2626                         read_passphrase("Enter passphrase (empty for no "
2627                             "passphrase): ", RP_ALLOW_STDIN);
2628                 passphrase2 = read_passphrase("Enter same passphrase again: ",
2629                     RP_ALLOW_STDIN);
2630                 if (strcmp(passphrase1, passphrase2) != 0) {
2631                         /*
2632                          * The passphrases do not match.  Clear them and
2633                          * retry.
2634                          */
2635                         explicit_bzero(passphrase1, strlen(passphrase1));
2636                         explicit_bzero(passphrase2, strlen(passphrase2));
2637                         free(passphrase1);
2638                         free(passphrase2);
2639                         printf("Passphrases do not match.  Try again.\n");
2640                         goto passphrase_again;
2641                 }
2642                 /* Clear the other copy of the passphrase. */
2643                 explicit_bzero(passphrase2, strlen(passphrase2));
2644                 free(passphrase2);
2645         }
2646
2647         if (identity_comment) {
2648                 strlcpy(comment, identity_comment, sizeof(comment));
2649         } else {
2650                 /* Create default comment field for the passphrase. */
2651                 snprintf(comment, sizeof comment, "%s@%s", pw->pw_name, hostname);
2652         }
2653
2654         /* Save the key with the given passphrase and comment. */
2655         if (!key_save_private(private, identity_file, passphrase1, comment,
2656             use_new_format, new_format_cipher, rounds)) {
2657                 printf("Saving the key failed: %s.\n", identity_file);
2658                 explicit_bzero(passphrase1, strlen(passphrase1));
2659                 free(passphrase1);
2660                 exit(1);
2661         }
2662         /* Clear the passphrase. */
2663         explicit_bzero(passphrase1, strlen(passphrase1));
2664         free(passphrase1);
2665
2666         /* Clear the private key and the random number generator. */
2667         key_free(private);
2668
2669         if (!quiet)
2670                 printf("Your identification has been saved in %s.\n", identity_file);
2671
2672         strlcat(identity_file, ".pub", sizeof(identity_file));
2673         fd = open(identity_file, O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC, 0644);
2674         if (fd == -1) {
2675                 printf("Could not save your public key in %s\n", identity_file);
2676                 exit(1);
2677         }
2678         f = fdopen(fd, "w");
2679         if (f == NULL) {
2680                 printf("fdopen %s failed\n", identity_file);
2681                 exit(1);
2682         }
2683         if (!key_write(public, f))
2684                 fprintf(stderr, "write key failed\n");
2685         fprintf(f, " %s\n", comment);
2686         fclose(f);
2687
2688         if (!quiet) {
2689                 char *fp = key_fingerprint(public, SSH_FP_MD5, SSH_FP_HEX);
2690                 char *ra = key_fingerprint(public, SSH_FP_MD5,
2691                     SSH_FP_RANDOMART);
2692                 printf("Your public key has been saved in %s.\n",
2693                     identity_file);
2694                 printf("The key fingerprint is:\n");
2695                 printf("%s %s\n", fp, comment);
2696                 printf("The key's randomart image is:\n");
2697                 printf("%s\n", ra);
2698                 free(ra);
2699                 free(fp);
2700         }
2701
2702         key_free(public);
2703         exit(0);
2704 }