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1 /*
2  * CDDL HEADER START
3  *
4  * The contents of this file are subject to the terms of the
5  * Common Development and Distribution License (the "License").
6  * You may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
7  *
8  * You can obtain a copy of the license at usr/src/OPENSOLARIS.LICENSE
9  * or http://www.opensolaris.org/os/licensing.
10  * See the License for the specific language governing permissions
11  * and limitations under the License.
12  *
13  * When distributing Covered Code, include this CDDL HEADER in each
14  * file and include the License file at usr/src/OPENSOLARIS.LICENSE.
15  * If applicable, add the following below this CDDL HEADER, with the
16  * fields enclosed by brackets "[]" replaced with your own identifying
17  * information: Portions Copyright [yyyy] [name of copyright owner]
18  *
19  * CDDL HEADER END
20  *
21  * Portions Copyright 2006-2008 John Birrell jb@freebsd.org
22  *
23  * $FreeBSD$
24  *
25  */
26
27 /*
28  * Copyright 2006 Sun Microsystems, Inc.  All rights reserved.
29  * Use is subject to license terms.
30  */
31
32 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
33 #include <sys/param.h>
34 #include <sys/systm.h>
35 #include <sys/conf.h>
36 #include <sys/cpuvar.h>
37 #include <sys/fcntl.h>
38 #include <sys/filio.h>
39 #include <sys/kdb.h>
40 #include <sys/kernel.h>
41 #include <sys/kmem.h>
42 #include <sys/kthread.h>
43 #include <sys/limits.h>
44 #include <sys/linker.h>
45 #include <sys/lock.h>
46 #include <sys/malloc.h>
47 #include <sys/module.h>
48 #include <sys/mutex.h>
49 #include <sys/poll.h>
50 #include <sys/proc.h>
51 #include <sys/selinfo.h>
52 #include <sys/smp.h>
53 #include <sys/uio.h>
54 #include <sys/unistd.h>
55 #include <machine/cpu.h>
56 #include <machine/stdarg.h>
57
58 #include <sys/dtrace.h>
59 #include <sys/dtrace_bsd.h>
60
61 #define PROF_NAMELEN            15
62
63 #define PROF_PROFILE            0
64 #define PROF_TICK               1
65 #define PROF_PREFIX_PROFILE     "profile-"
66 #define PROF_PREFIX_TICK        "tick-"
67
68 /*
69  * Regardless of platform, there are five artificial frames in the case of the
70  * profile provider:
71  *
72  *      profile_fire
73  *      cyclic_expire
74  *      cyclic_fire
75  *      [ cbe ]
76  *      [ locore ]
77  *
78  * On amd64, there are two frames associated with locore:  one in locore, and
79  * another in common interrupt dispatch code.  (i386 has not been modified to
80  * use this common layer.)  Further, on i386, the interrupted instruction
81  * appears as its own stack frame.  All of this means that we need to add one
82  * frame for amd64, and then take one away for both amd64 and i386.
83  *
84  * On SPARC, the picture is further complicated because the compiler
85  * optimizes away tail-calls -- so the following frames are optimized away:
86  *
87  *      profile_fire
88  *      cyclic_expire
89  *
90  * This gives three frames.  However, on DEBUG kernels, the cyclic_expire
91  * frame cannot be tail-call eliminated, yielding four frames in this case.
92  *
93  * All of the above constraints lead to the mess below.  Yes, the profile
94  * provider should ideally figure this out on-the-fly by hiting one of its own
95  * probes and then walking its own stack trace.  This is complicated, however,
96  * and the static definition doesn't seem to be overly brittle.  Still, we
97  * allow for a manual override in case we get it completely wrong.
98  */
99 #ifdef __amd64
100 #define PROF_ARTIFICIAL_FRAMES  10
101 #else
102 #ifdef __i386
103 #define PROF_ARTIFICIAL_FRAMES  6
104 #else
105 #ifdef __sparc
106 #ifdef DEBUG
107 #define PROF_ARTIFICIAL_FRAMES  4
108 #else
109 #define PROF_ARTIFICIAL_FRAMES  3
110 #endif
111 #endif
112 #endif
113 #endif
114
115 #ifdef __mips
116 /*
117  * This value is bogus just to make module compilable on mips
118  */
119 #define PROF_ARTIFICIAL_FRAMES  3
120 #endif
121
122 #ifdef __powerpc__
123 /*
124  * This value is bogus just to make module compilable on powerpc
125  */
126 #define PROF_ARTIFICIAL_FRAMES  3
127 #endif
128
129 struct profile_probe_percpu;
130
131 typedef struct profile_probe {
132         char            prof_name[PROF_NAMELEN];
133         dtrace_id_t     prof_id;
134         int             prof_kind;
135 #ifdef illumos
136         hrtime_t        prof_interval;
137         cyclic_id_t     prof_cyclic;
138 #else
139         sbintime_t      prof_interval;
140         struct callout  prof_cyclic;
141         sbintime_t      prof_expected;
142         struct profile_probe_percpu **prof_pcpus;
143 #endif
144 } profile_probe_t;
145
146 typedef struct profile_probe_percpu {
147         hrtime_t        profc_expected;
148         hrtime_t        profc_interval;
149         profile_probe_t *profc_probe;
150 #ifdef __FreeBSD__
151         struct callout  profc_cyclic;
152 #endif
153 } profile_probe_percpu_t;
154
155 static d_open_t profile_open;
156 static int      profile_unload(void);
157 static void     profile_create(hrtime_t, char *, int);
158 static void     profile_destroy(void *, dtrace_id_t, void *);
159 static void     profile_enable(void *, dtrace_id_t, void *);
160 static void     profile_disable(void *, dtrace_id_t, void *);
161 static void     profile_load(void *);
162 static void     profile_provide(void *, dtrace_probedesc_t *);
163
164 static int profile_rates[] = {
165     97, 199, 499, 997, 1999,
166     4001, 4999, 0, 0, 0,
167     0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
168     0, 0, 0, 0, 0
169 };
170
171 static int profile_ticks[] = {
172     1, 10, 100, 500, 1000,
173     5000, 0, 0, 0, 0,
174     0, 0, 0, 0, 0
175 };
176
177 /*
178  * profile_max defines the upper bound on the number of profile probes that
179  * can exist (this is to prevent malicious or clumsy users from exhausing
180  * system resources by creating a slew of profile probes). At mod load time,
181  * this gets its value from PROFILE_MAX_DEFAULT or profile-max-probes if it's
182  * present in the profile.conf file.
183  */
184 #define PROFILE_MAX_DEFAULT     1000    /* default max. number of probes */
185 static uint32_t profile_max = PROFILE_MAX_DEFAULT;
186                                         /* maximum number of profile probes */
187 static uint32_t profile_total;          /* current number of profile probes */
188
189 static struct cdevsw profile_cdevsw = {
190         .d_version      = D_VERSION,
191         .d_open         = profile_open,
192         .d_name         = "profile",
193 };
194
195 static dtrace_pattr_t profile_attr = {
196 { DTRACE_STABILITY_EVOLVING, DTRACE_STABILITY_EVOLVING, DTRACE_CLASS_COMMON },
197 { DTRACE_STABILITY_PRIVATE, DTRACE_STABILITY_PRIVATE, DTRACE_CLASS_UNKNOWN },
198 { DTRACE_STABILITY_PRIVATE, DTRACE_STABILITY_PRIVATE, DTRACE_CLASS_ISA },
199 { DTRACE_STABILITY_EVOLVING, DTRACE_STABILITY_EVOLVING, DTRACE_CLASS_COMMON },
200 { DTRACE_STABILITY_PRIVATE, DTRACE_STABILITY_PRIVATE, DTRACE_CLASS_ISA },
201 };
202
203 static dtrace_pops_t profile_pops = {
204         profile_provide,
205         NULL,
206         profile_enable,
207         profile_disable,
208         NULL,
209         NULL,
210         NULL,
211         NULL,
212         NULL,
213         profile_destroy
214 };
215
216 static struct cdev              *profile_cdev;
217 static dtrace_provider_id_t     profile_id;
218 static hrtime_t                 profile_interval_min = NANOSEC / 5000;  /* 5000 hz */
219 static int                      profile_aframes = 0;                    /* override */
220
221 static sbintime_t
222 nsec_to_sbt(hrtime_t nsec)
223 {
224         time_t sec;
225
226         /*
227          * We need to calculate nsec * 2^32 / 10^9
228          * Seconds and nanoseconds are split to avoid overflow.
229          */
230         sec = nsec / NANOSEC;
231         nsec = nsec % NANOSEC;
232         return (((sbintime_t)sec << 32) | ((sbintime_t)nsec << 32) / NANOSEC);
233 }
234
235 static hrtime_t
236 sbt_to_nsec(sbintime_t sbt)
237 {
238
239         return ((sbt >> 32) * NANOSEC +
240             (((uint32_t)sbt * (hrtime_t)NANOSEC) >> 32));
241 }
242
243 static void
244 profile_fire(void *arg)
245 {
246         profile_probe_percpu_t *pcpu = arg;
247         profile_probe_t *prof = pcpu->profc_probe;
248         hrtime_t late;
249         struct trapframe *frame;
250         uintfptr_t pc, upc;
251
252 #ifdef illumos
253         late = gethrtime() - pcpu->profc_expected;
254 #else
255         late = sbt_to_nsec(sbinuptime() - pcpu->profc_expected);
256 #endif
257
258         pc = 0;
259         upc = 0;
260
261         /*
262          * td_intr_frame can be unset if this is a catch up event
263          * after waking up from idle sleep.
264          * This can only happen on a CPU idle thread.
265          */
266         frame = curthread->td_intr_frame;
267         if (frame != NULL) {
268                 if (TRAPF_USERMODE(frame))
269                         upc = TRAPF_PC(frame);
270                 else
271                         pc = TRAPF_PC(frame);
272         }
273         dtrace_probe(prof->prof_id, pc, upc, late, 0, 0);
274
275         pcpu->profc_expected += pcpu->profc_interval;
276         callout_schedule_sbt_curcpu(&pcpu->profc_cyclic,
277             pcpu->profc_expected, 0, C_DIRECT_EXEC | C_ABSOLUTE);
278 }
279
280 static void
281 profile_tick(void *arg)
282 {
283         profile_probe_t *prof = arg;
284         struct trapframe *frame;
285         uintfptr_t pc, upc;
286
287         pc = 0;
288         upc = 0;
289
290         /*
291          * td_intr_frame can be unset if this is a catch up event
292          * after waking up from idle sleep.
293          * This can only happen on a CPU idle thread.
294          */
295         frame = curthread->td_intr_frame;
296         if (frame != NULL) {
297                 if (TRAPF_USERMODE(frame))
298                         upc = TRAPF_PC(frame);
299                 else
300                         pc = TRAPF_PC(frame);
301         }
302         dtrace_probe(prof->prof_id, pc, upc, 0, 0, 0);
303
304         prof->prof_expected += prof->prof_interval;
305         callout_schedule_sbt(&prof->prof_cyclic,
306             prof->prof_expected, 0, C_DIRECT_EXEC | C_ABSOLUTE);
307 }
308
309 static void
310 profile_create(hrtime_t interval, char *name, int kind)
311 {
312         profile_probe_t *prof;
313
314         if (interval < profile_interval_min)
315                 return;
316
317         if (dtrace_probe_lookup(profile_id, NULL, NULL, name) != 0)
318                 return;
319
320         atomic_add_32(&profile_total, 1);
321         if (profile_total > profile_max) {
322                 atomic_add_32(&profile_total, -1);
323                 return;
324         }
325
326         prof = kmem_zalloc(sizeof (profile_probe_t), KM_SLEEP);
327         (void) strcpy(prof->prof_name, name);
328 #ifdef illumos
329         prof->prof_interval = interval;
330         prof->prof_cyclic = CYCLIC_NONE;
331 #else
332         prof->prof_interval = nsec_to_sbt(interval);
333         callout_init(&prof->prof_cyclic, CALLOUT_MPSAFE);
334 #endif
335         prof->prof_kind = kind;
336         prof->prof_id = dtrace_probe_create(profile_id,
337             NULL, NULL, name,
338             profile_aframes ? profile_aframes : PROF_ARTIFICIAL_FRAMES, prof);
339 }
340
341 /*ARGSUSED*/
342 static void
343 profile_provide(void *arg, dtrace_probedesc_t *desc)
344 {
345         int i, j, rate, kind;
346         hrtime_t val = 0, mult = 1, len = 0;
347         char *name, *suffix = NULL;
348
349         const struct {
350                 char *prefix;
351                 int kind;
352         } types[] = {
353                 { PROF_PREFIX_PROFILE, PROF_PROFILE },
354                 { PROF_PREFIX_TICK, PROF_TICK },
355                 { 0, 0 }
356         };
357
358         const struct {
359                 char *name;
360                 hrtime_t mult;
361         } suffixes[] = {
362                 { "ns",         NANOSEC / NANOSEC },
363                 { "nsec",       NANOSEC / NANOSEC },
364                 { "us",         NANOSEC / MICROSEC },
365                 { "usec",       NANOSEC / MICROSEC },
366                 { "ms",         NANOSEC / MILLISEC },
367                 { "msec",       NANOSEC / MILLISEC },
368                 { "s",          NANOSEC / SEC },
369                 { "sec",        NANOSEC / SEC },
370                 { "m",          NANOSEC * (hrtime_t)60 },
371                 { "min",        NANOSEC * (hrtime_t)60 },
372                 { "h",          NANOSEC * (hrtime_t)(60 * 60) },
373                 { "hour",       NANOSEC * (hrtime_t)(60 * 60) },
374                 { "d",          NANOSEC * (hrtime_t)(24 * 60 * 60) },
375                 { "day",        NANOSEC * (hrtime_t)(24 * 60 * 60) },
376                 { "hz",         0 },
377                 { NULL }
378         };
379
380         if (desc == NULL) {
381                 char n[PROF_NAMELEN];
382
383                 /*
384                  * If no description was provided, provide all of our probes.
385                  */
386                 for (i = 0; i < sizeof (profile_rates) / sizeof (int); i++) {
387                         if ((rate = profile_rates[i]) == 0)
388                                 continue;
389
390                         (void) snprintf(n, PROF_NAMELEN, "%s%d",
391                             PROF_PREFIX_PROFILE, rate);
392                         profile_create(NANOSEC / rate, n, PROF_PROFILE);
393                 }
394
395                 for (i = 0; i < sizeof (profile_ticks) / sizeof (int); i++) {
396                         if ((rate = profile_ticks[i]) == 0)
397                                 continue;
398
399                         (void) snprintf(n, PROF_NAMELEN, "%s%d",
400                             PROF_PREFIX_TICK, rate);
401                         profile_create(NANOSEC / rate, n, PROF_TICK);
402                 }
403
404                 return;
405         }
406
407         name = desc->dtpd_name;
408
409         for (i = 0; types[i].prefix != NULL; i++) {
410                 len = strlen(types[i].prefix);
411
412                 if (strncmp(name, types[i].prefix, len) != 0)
413                         continue;
414                 break;
415         }
416
417         if (types[i].prefix == NULL)
418                 return;
419
420         kind = types[i].kind;
421         j = strlen(name) - len;
422
423         /*
424          * We need to start before any time suffix.
425          */
426         for (j = strlen(name); j >= len; j--) {
427                 if (name[j] >= '0' && name[j] <= '9')
428                         break;
429                 suffix = &name[j];
430         }
431
432         ASSERT(suffix != NULL);
433
434         /*
435          * Now determine the numerical value present in the probe name.
436          */
437         for (; j >= len; j--) {
438                 if (name[j] < '0' || name[j] > '9')
439                         return;
440
441                 val += (name[j] - '0') * mult;
442                 mult *= (hrtime_t)10;
443         }
444
445         if (val == 0)
446                 return;
447
448         /*
449          * Look-up the suffix to determine the multiplier.
450          */
451         for (i = 0, mult = 0; suffixes[i].name != NULL; i++) {
452                 if (strcasecmp(suffixes[i].name, suffix) == 0) {
453                         mult = suffixes[i].mult;
454                         break;
455                 }
456         }
457
458         if (suffixes[i].name == NULL && *suffix != '\0')
459                 return;
460
461         if (mult == 0) {
462                 /*
463                  * The default is frequency-per-second.
464                  */
465                 val = NANOSEC / val;
466         } else {
467                 val *= mult;
468         }
469
470         profile_create(val, name, kind);
471 }
472
473 /* ARGSUSED */
474 static void
475 profile_destroy(void *arg, dtrace_id_t id, void *parg)
476 {
477         profile_probe_t *prof = parg;
478
479 #ifdef illumos
480         ASSERT(prof->prof_cyclic == CYCLIC_NONE);
481 #else
482         ASSERT(!callout_active(&prof->prof_cyclic) && prof->prof_pcpus == NULL);
483 #endif
484         kmem_free(prof, sizeof (profile_probe_t));
485
486         ASSERT(profile_total >= 1);
487         atomic_add_32(&profile_total, -1);
488 }
489
490 #ifdef illumos
491 /*ARGSUSED*/
492 static void
493 profile_online(void *arg, cpu_t *cpu, cyc_handler_t *hdlr, cyc_time_t *when)
494 {
495         profile_probe_t *prof = arg;
496         profile_probe_percpu_t *pcpu;
497
498         pcpu = kmem_zalloc(sizeof (profile_probe_percpu_t), KM_SLEEP);
499         pcpu->profc_probe = prof;
500
501         hdlr->cyh_func = profile_fire;
502         hdlr->cyh_arg = pcpu;
503
504         when->cyt_interval = prof->prof_interval;
505         when->cyt_when = gethrtime() + when->cyt_interval;
506
507         pcpu->profc_expected = when->cyt_when;
508         pcpu->profc_interval = when->cyt_interval;
509 }
510
511 /*ARGSUSED*/
512 static void
513 profile_offline(void *arg, cpu_t *cpu, void *oarg)
514 {
515         profile_probe_percpu_t *pcpu = oarg;
516
517         ASSERT(pcpu->profc_probe == arg);
518         kmem_free(pcpu, sizeof (profile_probe_percpu_t));
519 }
520
521 /* ARGSUSED */
522 static void
523 profile_enable(void *arg, dtrace_id_t id, void *parg)
524 {
525         profile_probe_t *prof = parg;
526         cyc_omni_handler_t omni;
527         cyc_handler_t hdlr;
528         cyc_time_t when;
529
530         ASSERT(prof->prof_interval != 0);
531         ASSERT(MUTEX_HELD(&cpu_lock));
532
533         if (prof->prof_kind == PROF_TICK) {
534                 hdlr.cyh_func = profile_tick;
535                 hdlr.cyh_arg = prof;
536
537                 when.cyt_interval = prof->prof_interval;
538                 when.cyt_when = gethrtime() + when.cyt_interval;
539         } else {
540                 ASSERT(prof->prof_kind == PROF_PROFILE);
541                 omni.cyo_online = profile_online;
542                 omni.cyo_offline = profile_offline;
543                 omni.cyo_arg = prof;
544         }
545
546         if (prof->prof_kind == PROF_TICK) {
547                 prof->prof_cyclic = cyclic_add(&hdlr, &when);
548         } else {
549                 prof->prof_cyclic = cyclic_add_omni(&omni);
550         }
551 }
552
553 /* ARGSUSED */
554 static void
555 profile_disable(void *arg, dtrace_id_t id, void *parg)
556 {
557         profile_probe_t *prof = parg;
558
559         ASSERT(prof->prof_cyclic != CYCLIC_NONE);
560         ASSERT(MUTEX_HELD(&cpu_lock));
561
562         cyclic_remove(prof->prof_cyclic);
563         prof->prof_cyclic = CYCLIC_NONE;
564 }
565
566 #else
567
568 static void
569 profile_enable_omni(profile_probe_t *prof)
570 {
571         profile_probe_percpu_t *pcpu;
572         int cpu;
573
574         prof->prof_pcpus = kmem_zalloc((mp_maxid + 1) * sizeof(pcpu), KM_SLEEP);
575         CPU_FOREACH(cpu) {
576                 pcpu = kmem_zalloc(sizeof(profile_probe_percpu_t), KM_SLEEP);
577                 prof->prof_pcpus[cpu] = pcpu;
578                 pcpu->profc_probe = prof;
579                 pcpu->profc_expected = sbinuptime() + prof->prof_interval;
580                 pcpu->profc_interval = prof->prof_interval;
581                 callout_init(&pcpu->profc_cyclic, CALLOUT_MPSAFE);
582                 callout_reset_sbt_on(&pcpu->profc_cyclic,
583                     pcpu->profc_expected, 0, profile_fire, pcpu,
584                     cpu, C_DIRECT_EXEC | C_ABSOLUTE);
585         }
586 }
587
588 static void
589 profile_disable_omni(profile_probe_t *prof)
590 {
591         profile_probe_percpu_t *pcpu;
592         int cpu;
593
594         ASSERT(prof->prof_pcpus != NULL);
595         CPU_FOREACH(cpu) {
596                 pcpu = prof->prof_pcpus[cpu];
597                 ASSERT(pcpu->profc_probe == prof);
598                 ASSERT(callout_active(&pcpu->profc_cyclic));
599                 callout_stop(&pcpu->profc_cyclic);
600                 callout_drain(&pcpu->profc_cyclic);
601                 kmem_free(pcpu, sizeof(profile_probe_percpu_t));
602         }
603         kmem_free(prof->prof_pcpus, (mp_maxid + 1) * sizeof(pcpu));
604         prof->prof_pcpus = NULL;
605 }
606
607 /* ARGSUSED */
608 static void
609 profile_enable(void *arg, dtrace_id_t id, void *parg)
610 {
611         profile_probe_t *prof = parg;
612
613         if (prof->prof_kind == PROF_TICK) {
614                 prof->prof_expected = sbinuptime() + prof->prof_interval;
615                 callout_reset_sbt(&prof->prof_cyclic,
616                     prof->prof_expected, 0, profile_tick, prof,
617                     C_DIRECT_EXEC | C_ABSOLUTE);
618         } else {
619                 ASSERT(prof->prof_kind == PROF_PROFILE);
620                 profile_enable_omni(prof);
621         }
622 }
623
624 /* ARGSUSED */
625 static void
626 profile_disable(void *arg, dtrace_id_t id, void *parg)
627 {
628         profile_probe_t *prof = parg;
629
630         if (prof->prof_kind == PROF_TICK) {
631                 ASSERT(callout_active(&prof->prof_cyclic));
632                 callout_stop(&prof->prof_cyclic);
633                 callout_drain(&prof->prof_cyclic);
634         } else {
635                 ASSERT(prof->prof_kind == PROF_PROFILE);
636                 profile_disable_omni(prof);
637         }
638 }
639 #endif
640
641 static void
642 profile_load(void *dummy)
643 {
644         /* Create the /dev/dtrace/profile entry. */
645         profile_cdev = make_dev(&profile_cdevsw, 0, UID_ROOT, GID_WHEEL, 0600,
646             "dtrace/profile");
647
648         if (dtrace_register("profile", &profile_attr, DTRACE_PRIV_USER,
649             NULL, &profile_pops, NULL, &profile_id) != 0)
650                 return;
651 }
652
653
654 static int
655 profile_unload()
656 {
657         int error = 0;
658
659         if ((error = dtrace_unregister(profile_id)) != 0)
660                 return (error);
661
662         destroy_dev(profile_cdev);
663
664         return (error);
665 }
666
667 /* ARGSUSED */
668 static int
669 profile_modevent(module_t mod __unused, int type, void *data __unused)
670 {
671         int error = 0;
672
673         switch (type) {
674         case MOD_LOAD:
675                 break;
676
677         case MOD_UNLOAD:
678                 break;
679
680         case MOD_SHUTDOWN:
681                 break;
682
683         default:
684                 error = EOPNOTSUPP;
685                 break;
686
687         }
688         return (error);
689 }
690
691 /* ARGSUSED */
692 static int
693 profile_open(struct cdev *dev __unused, int oflags __unused, int devtype __unused, struct thread *td __unused)
694 {
695         return (0);
696 }
697
698 SYSINIT(profile_load, SI_SUB_DTRACE_PROVIDER, SI_ORDER_ANY, profile_load, NULL);
699 SYSUNINIT(profile_unload, SI_SUB_DTRACE_PROVIDER, SI_ORDER_ANY, profile_unload, NULL);
700
701 DEV_MODULE(profile, profile_modevent, NULL);
702 MODULE_VERSION(profile, 1);
703 MODULE_DEPEND(profile, dtrace, 1, 1, 1);
704 MODULE_DEPEND(profile, opensolaris, 1, 1, 1);