2 * Copyright (c) 1998 Robert Nordier
5 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms are freely
6 * permitted provided that the above copyright notice and this
7 * paragraph and the following disclaimer are duplicated in all
10 * This software is provided "AS IS" and without any express or
11 * implied warranties, including, without limitation, the implied
12 * warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular
18 /* Memory Locations */
19 .set MEM_REL,0x700 # Relocation address
20 .set MEM_ARG,0x900 # Arguments
21 .set MEM_ORG,0x7c00 # Origin
22 .set MEM_BUF,0x8000 # Load area
23 .set MEM_BTX,0x9000 # BTX start
24 .set MEM_JMP,0x9010 # BTX entry point
25 .set MEM_USR,0xa000 # Client start
26 .set BDA_BOOT,0x472 # Boot howto flag
28 /* Partition Constants */
29 .set PRT_OFF,0x1be # Partition offset
30 .set PRT_NUM,0x4 # Partitions
31 .set PRT_BSD,0xa5 # Partition type
34 .set FL_PACKET,0x80 # Packet mode
37 .set SIZ_PAG,0x1000 # Page size
38 .set SIZ_SEC,0x200 # Sector size
45 start: jmp main # Start recognizably
48 * This is the start of a standard BIOS Parameter Block (BPB). Most bootable
49 * FAT disks have this at the start of their MBR. While normal BIOS's will
50 * work fine without this section, IBM's El Torito emulation "fixes" up the
51 * BPB by writing into the memory copy of the MBR. Rather than have data
52 * written into our xread routine, we'll define a BPB to work around it.
53 * The data marked with (T) indicates a field required for a ThinkPad to
54 * recognize the disk and (W) indicates fields written from IBM BIOS code.
55 * The use of the BPB is based on what OpenBSD and NetBSD implemented in
56 * their boot code but the required fields were determined by trial and error.
58 * Note: If additional space is needed in boot1, one solution would be to
59 * move the "prompt" message data (below) to replace the OEM ID.
62 oemid: .space 0x08, 0x00 # OEM ID
65 bpb: .word 512 # sector size (T)
66 .byte 0 # sectors/clustor
67 .word 0 # reserved sectors
68 .byte 0 # number of FATs
69 .word 0 # root entries
70 .word 0 # small sectors
71 .byte 0 # media type (W)
73 .word 18 # sectors per track (T)
74 .word 2 # number of heads (T)
75 .long 0 # hidden sectors (W)
76 .long 0 # large sectors
79 ebpb: .byte 0 # BIOS physical drive number (W)
83 * Trampoline used by boot2 to call read to read data from the disk via
84 * the BIOS. Call with:
86 * %cx:%ax - long - LBA to read in
87 * %es:(%bx) - caddr_t - buffer to read data into
88 * %dl - byte - drive to read from
89 * %dh - byte - num sectors to read
92 xread: push %ss # Address
95 * Setup an EDD disk packet and pass it to read
101 push %es # Address of
102 push %bx # transfer buffer
103 xor %ax,%ax # Number of
104 movb %dh,%al # blocks to
106 push $0x10 # Size of packet
107 mov %sp,%bp # Packet pointer
108 callw read # Read from disk
109 lea 0x10(%bp),%sp # Clear stack
112 * Load the rest of boot2 and BTX up, copy the parts to the right locations,
113 * and start it all up.
117 * Setup the segment registers to flat addressing (segment 0) and setup the
118 * stack to end just below the start of our code.
120 main: cld # String ops inc
122 mov %cx,%es # Address
125 mov $start,%sp # stack
127 * Relocate ourself to MEM_REL. Since %cx == 0, the inc %ch sets
131 mov $MEM_REL,%di # Destination
132 incb %ch # Word count
136 * If we are on a hard drive, then load the MBR and look for the first
137 * FreeBSD slice. We use the fake partition entry below that points to
138 * the MBR when we call nread. The first pass looks for the first active
139 * FreeBSD slice. The second pass looks for the first non-active FreeBSD
140 * slice if the first one fails.
142 mov $part4,%si # Partition
143 cmpb $0x80,%dl # Hard drive?
145 movb $0x1,%dh # Block count
146 callw nread # Read MBR
147 mov $0x1,%cx # Two passes
148 main.1: mov $MEM_BUF+PRT_OFF,%si # Partition table
149 movb $0x1,%dh # Partition
150 main.2: cmpb $PRT_BSD,0x4(%si) # Our partition type?
152 jcxz main.5 # If second pass
153 testb $0x80,(%si) # Active?
155 main.3: add $0x10,%si # Next entry
157 cmpb $0x1+PRT_NUM,%dh # In table?
162 * If we get here, we didn't find any FreeBSD slices at all, so print an
163 * error message and die.
165 mov $msg_part,%si # Message
168 * Floppies use partition 0 of drive 0.
170 main.4: xor %dx,%dx # Partition:drive
173 * Ok, we have a slice and drive in %dx now, so use that to locate and
174 * load boot2. %si references the start of the slice we are looking
175 * for, so go ahead and load up the 64 sectors starting at sector 1024
176 * (i.e. after the two vdev labels). We don't have do anything fancy
177 * here to allow for an extra copy of boot1 and a partition table
178 * (compare to this section of the UFS bootstrap) so we just load it
179 * all at 0x8000. The first part of boot2 is BTX, which wants to run
180 * at 0x9000. The boot2.bin binary starts right after the end of BTX,
181 * so we have to figure out where the start of it is and then move the
182 * binary to 0xc000. After we have moved the client, we relocate BTX
183 * itself to 0x9000 - doing it in this order means that none of the
184 * memcpy regions overlap which would corrupt the copy. Normally, BTX
185 * clients start at MEM_USR, or 0xa000, but when we use btxld to
186 * create boot2, we use an entry point of 0x2000. That entry point is
187 * relative to MEM_USR; thus boot2.bin starts at 0xc000.
189 * The load area and the target area for the client overlap so we have
190 * to use a decrementing string move. We also play segment register
191 * games with the destination address for the move so that the client
192 * can be larger than 16k (which would overflow the zero segment since
193 * the client starts at 0xc000). Relocating BTX is easy since the load
194 * area and target area do not overlap.
196 main.5: mov %dx,MEM_ARG # Save args
197 movb $NSECT,%dh # Sector count
198 movw $1024,%ax # Offset to boot2
199 callw nread.1 # Read disk
200 main.6: mov $MEM_BUF,%si # BTX (before reloc)
201 mov 0xa(%si),%bx # Get BTX length and set
202 mov $NSECT*SIZ_SEC-1,%di # Size of load area (less one)
203 mov %di,%si # End of load
204 add $MEM_BUF,%si # area
205 sub %bx,%di # End of client, 0xc000 rel
206 mov %di,%cx # Size of
208 mov $(MEM_USR+2*SIZ_PAG)>>4,%dx # Segment
209 mov %dx,%es # addressing 0xc000
210 std # Move with decrement
213 mov %ds,%dx # Back to
214 mov %dx,%es # zero segment
215 mov $MEM_BUF,%si # BTX (before reloc)
216 mov $MEM_BTX,%di # BTX
217 mov %bx,%cx # Get BTX length
218 cld # Increment this time
223 * Enable A20 so we can access memory above 1 meg.
224 * Use the zero-valued %cx as a timeout for embedded hardware which do not
225 * have a keyboard controller.
227 seta20: cli # Disable interrupts
228 seta20.1: dec %cx # Timeout?
230 inb $0x64,%al # Get status
231 testb $0x2,%al # Busy?
233 movb $0xd1,%al # Command: Write
234 outb %al,$0x64 # output port
235 seta20.2: inb $0x64,%al # Get status
236 testb $0x2,%al # Busy?
238 movb $0xdf,%al # Enable
240 seta20.3: sti # Enable interrupts
242 jmp start+MEM_JMP-MEM_ORG # Start BTX
246 * Trampoline used to call read from within boot1.
248 nread: xor %ax,%ax # Sector offset in partition
249 nread.1: mov $MEM_BUF,%bx # Transfer buffer
250 add 0x8(%si),%ax # Get
251 mov 0xa(%si),%cx # LBA
254 jnc return # If success, return
255 mov $msg_read,%si # Otherwise, set the error
256 # message and fall through to
259 * Print out the error message pointed to by %ds:(%si) followed
260 * by a prompt, wait for a keypress, and then reboot the machine.
262 error: callw putstr # Display message
263 mov $prompt,%si # Display
264 callw putstr # prompt
265 xorb %ah,%ah # BIOS: Get
267 movw $0x1234, BDA_BOOT # Do a warm boot
268 ljmp $0xffff,$0x0 # reboot the machine
270 * Display a null-terminated string using the BIOS output.
272 putstr.0: mov $0x7,%bx # Page:attribute
273 movb $0xe,%ah # BIOS: Display
274 int $0x10 # character
275 putstr: lodsb # Get char
276 testb %al,%al # End of string?
280 * Overused return code. ereturn is used to return an error from the
281 * read function. Since we assume putstr succeeds, we (ab)use the
282 * same code when we return from putstr.
284 ereturn: movb $0x1,%ah # Invalid
286 return: retw # To caller
288 * Reads sectors from the disk. If EDD is enabled, then check if it is
289 * installed and use it if it is. If it is not installed or not enabled, then
290 * fall back to using CHS. Since we use a LBA, if we are using CHS, we have to
291 * fetch the drive parameters from the BIOS and divide it out ourselves.
294 * %dl - byte - drive number
295 * stack - 10 bytes - EDD Packet
297 read: testb $FL_PACKET,%cs:MEM_REL+flags-start # LBA support enabled?
298 jz read.1 # No, use CHS
299 cmpb $0x80,%dl # Hard drive?
300 jb read.1 # No, use CHS
301 mov $0x55aa,%bx # Magic
303 movb $0x41,%ah # BIOS: Check
304 int $0x13 # extensions present
306 jc read.1 # If error, use CHS
307 cmp $0xaa55,%bx # Magic?
308 jne read.1 # No, so use CHS
309 testb $0x1,%cl # Packet interface?
310 jz read.1 # No, so use CHS
311 mov %bp,%si # Disk packet
312 movb $0x42,%ah # BIOS: Extended
316 read.1: push %dx # Save
317 movb $0x8,%ah # BIOS: Get drive
318 int $0x13 # parameters
319 movb %dh,%ch # Max head number
322 andb $0x3f,%cl # Sectors per track
324 cli # Disable interrupts
325 mov 0x8(%bp),%eax # Get LBA
327 movzbl %cl,%ebx # Divide by
328 xor %edx,%edx # sectors
330 movb %ch,%bl # Max head number
331 movb %dl,%ch # Sector number
333 xorb %dl,%dl # number
335 movb %dl,%bh # Head number
337 cmpl $0x3ff,%eax # Cylinder number supportable?
338 sti # Enable interrupts
339 ja ereturn # No, return an error
340 xchgb %al,%ah # Set up cylinder
341 rorb $0x2,%al # number
344 xchg %ax,%cx # number
345 movb %bh,%dh # Head number
346 subb %ah,%al # Sectors this track
347 mov 0x2(%bp),%ah # Blocks to read
348 cmpb %ah,%al # To read
350 #ifdef TRACK_AT_A_TIME
353 movb $1,%al # one sector
355 read.2: mov $0x5,%di # Try count
356 read.3: les 0x4(%bp),%bx # Transfer buffer
358 movb $0x2,%ah # BIOS: Read
359 int $0x13 # from disk
361 jnc read.4 # If success
364 xorb %ah,%ah # BIOS: Reset
365 int $0x13 # disk system
366 xchg %bx,%ax # Block count
367 jmp read.3 # Continue
368 read.4: movzbw %bl,%ax # Sectors read
369 add %ax,0x8(%bp) # Adjust
371 incw 0xa(%bp) # transfer
372 read.5: shlb %bl # buffer
373 add %bl,0x5(%bp) # pointer,
374 sub %al,0x2(%bp) # block count
375 ja read.1 # If not done
376 read.6: retw # To caller
378 read.1: mov $msg_chs,%si
380 msg_chs: .asciz "CHS not supported"
385 msg_read: .asciz "Read"
386 msg_part: .asciz "Boot"
388 prompt: .asciz " error\r\n"
390 flags: .byte FLAGS # Flags
394 /* Partition table */
397 part4: .byte 0x80, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00
398 .byte 0xa5, 0xfe, 0xff, 0xff
399 .byte 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00
400 .byte 0x50, 0xc3, 0x00, 0x00 # 50000 sectors long, bleh
402 .word 0xaa55 # Magic number