crypto/openssh/ssh-keygen.c

   1 /* $OpenBSD: ssh-keygen.c,v 1.184 2010/03/07 22:16:01 djm Exp $ */
   2 /*
   3  * Author: Tatu Ylonen <ylo@cs.hut.fi>
   4  * Copyright (c) 1994 Tatu Ylonen <ylo@cs.hut.fi>, Espoo, Finland
   5  *                    All rights reserved
   6  * Identity and host key generation and maintenance.
   7  *
   8  * As far as I am concerned, the code I have written for this software
   9  * can be used freely for any purpose.  Any derived versions of this
  10  * software must be clearly marked as such, and if the derived work is
  11  * incompatible with the protocol description in the RFC file, it must be
  12  * called by a name other than "ssh" or "Secure Shell".
  13  */
  14
  15 #include "includes.h"
  16
  17 #include <sys/types.h>
  18 #include <sys/socket.h>
  19 #include <sys/stat.h>
  20 #include <sys/param.h>
  21
  22 #include <openssl/evp.h>
  23 #include <openssl/pem.h>
  24 #include "openbsd-compat/openssl-compat.h"
  25
  26 #include <errno.h>
  27 #include <fcntl.h>
  28 #include <netdb.h>
  29 #ifdef HAVE_PATHS_H
  30 # include <paths.h>
  31 #endif
  32 #include <pwd.h>
  33 #include <stdarg.h>
  34 #include <stdio.h>
  35 #include <stdlib.h>
  36 #include <string.h>
  37 #include <unistd.h>
  38
  39 #include "xmalloc.h"
  40 #include "key.h"
  41 #include "rsa.h"
  42 #include "authfile.h"
  43 #include "uuencode.h"
  44 #include "buffer.h"
  45 #include "pathnames.h"
  46 #include "log.h"
  47 #include "misc.h"
  48 #include "match.h"
  49 #include "hostfile.h"
  50 #include "dns.h"
  51 #include "ssh2.h"
  52
  53 #ifdef ENABLE_PKCS11
  54 #include "ssh-pkcs11.h"
  55 #endif
  56
  57 /* Number of bits in the RSA/DSA key.  This value can be set on the command line. */
  58 #define DEFAULT_BITS            2048
  59 #define DEFAULT_BITS_DSA        1024
  60 u_int32_t bits = 0;
  61
  62 /*
  63  * Flag indicating that we just want to change the passphrase.  This can be
  64  * set on the command line.
  65  */
  66 int change_passphrase = 0;
  67
  68 /*
  69  * Flag indicating that we just want to change the comment.  This can be set
  70  * on the command line.
  71  */
  72 int change_comment = 0;
  73
  74 int quiet = 0;
  75
  76 int log_level = SYSLOG_LEVEL_INFO;
  77
  78 /* Flag indicating that we want to hash a known_hosts file */
  79 int hash_hosts = 0;
  80 /* Flag indicating that we want lookup a host in known_hosts file */
  81 int find_host = 0;
  82 /* Flag indicating that we want to delete a host from a known_hosts file */
  83 int delete_host = 0;
  84
  85 /* Flag indicating that we want to show the contents of a certificate */
  86 int show_cert = 0;
  87
  88 /* Flag indicating that we just want to see the key fingerprint */
  89 int print_fingerprint = 0;
  90 int print_bubblebabble = 0;
  91
  92 /* The identity file name, given on the command line or entered by the user. */
  93 char identity_file[1024];
  94 int have_identity = 0;
  95
  96 /* This is set to the passphrase if given on the command line. */
  97 char *identity_passphrase = NULL;
  98
  99 /* This is set to the new passphrase if given on the command line. */
 100 char *identity_new_passphrase = NULL;
 101
 102 /* This is set to the new comment if given on the command line. */
 103 char *identity_comment = NULL;
 104
 105 /* Path to CA key when certifying keys. */
 106 char *ca_key_path = NULL;
 107
 108 /* Key type when certifying */
 109 u_int cert_key_type = SSH2_CERT_TYPE_USER;
 110
 111 /* "key ID" of signed key */
 112 char *cert_key_id = NULL;
 113
 114 /* Comma-separated list of principal names for certifying keys */
 115 char *cert_principals = NULL;
 116
 117 /* Validity period for certificates */
 118 u_int64_t cert_valid_from = 0;
 119 u_int64_t cert_valid_to = ~0ULL;
 120
 121 /* Certificate constraints */
 122 #define CONSTRAINT_X_FWD        (1)
 123 #define CONSTRAINT_AGENT_FWD    (1<<1)
 124 #define CONSTRAINT_PORT_FWD     (1<<2)
 125 #define CONSTRAINT_PTY          (1<<3)
 126 #define CONSTRAINT_USER_RC      (1<<4)
 127 #define CONSTRAINT_DEFAULT      (CONSTRAINT_X_FWD|CONSTRAINT_AGENT_FWD| \
 128                                 CONSTRAINT_PORT_FWD|CONSTRAINT_PTY| \
 129                                 CONSTRAINT_USER_RC)
 130 u_int32_t constraint_flags = CONSTRAINT_DEFAULT;
 131 char *constraint_command = NULL;
 132 char *constraint_src_addr = NULL;
 133
 134 /* Dump public key file in format used by real and the original SSH 2 */
 135 int convert_to_ssh2 = 0;
 136 int convert_from_ssh2 = 0;
 137 int print_public = 0;
 138 int print_generic = 0;
 139
 140 char *key_type_name = NULL;
 141
 142 /* argv0 */
 143 extern char *__progname;
 144
 145 char hostname[MAXHOSTNAMELEN];
 146
 147 /* moduli.c */
 148 int gen_candidates(FILE *, u_int32_t, u_int32_t, BIGNUM *);
 149 int prime_test(FILE *, FILE *, u_int32_t, u_int32_t);
 150
 151 static void
 152 ask_filename(struct passwd *pw, const char *prompt)
 153 {
 154         char buf[1024];
 155         char *name = NULL;
 156
 157         if (key_type_name == NULL)
 158                 name = _PATH_SSH_CLIENT_ID_RSA;
 159         else {
 160                 switch (key_type_from_name(key_type_name)) {
 161                 case KEY_RSA1:
 162                         name = _PATH_SSH_CLIENT_IDENTITY;
 163                         break;
 164                 case KEY_DSA:
 165                         name = _PATH_SSH_CLIENT_ID_DSA;
 166                         break;
 167                 case KEY_RSA:
 168                         name = _PATH_SSH_CLIENT_ID_RSA;
 169                         break;
 170                 default:
 171                         fprintf(stderr, "bad key type\n");
 172                         exit(1);
 173                         break;
 174                 }
 175         }
 176         snprintf(identity_file, sizeof(identity_file), "%s/%s", pw->pw_dir, name);
 177         fprintf(stderr, "%s (%s): ", prompt, identity_file);
 178         if (fgets(buf, sizeof(buf), stdin) == NULL)
 179                 exit(1);
 180         buf[strcspn(buf, "\n")] = '\0';
 181         if (strcmp(buf, "") != 0)
 182                 strlcpy(identity_file, buf, sizeof(identity_file));
 183         have_identity = 1;
 184 }
 185
 186 static Key *
 187 load_identity(char *filename)
 188 {
 189         char *pass;
 190         Key *prv;
 191
 192         prv = key_load_private(filename, "", NULL);
 193         if (prv == NULL) {
 194                 if (identity_passphrase)
 195                         pass = xstrdup(identity_passphrase);
 196                 else
 197                         pass = read_passphrase("Enter passphrase: ",
 198                             RP_ALLOW_STDIN);
 199                 prv = key_load_private(filename, pass, NULL);
 200                 memset(pass, 0, strlen(pass));
 201                 xfree(pass);
 202         }
 203         return prv;
 204 }
 205
 206 #define SSH_COM_PUBLIC_BEGIN            "---- BEGIN SSH2 PUBLIC KEY ----"
 207 #define SSH_COM_PUBLIC_END              "---- END SSH2 PUBLIC KEY ----"
 208 #define SSH_COM_PRIVATE_BEGIN           "---- BEGIN SSH2 ENCRYPTED PRIVATE KEY ----"
 209 #define SSH_COM_PRIVATE_KEY_MAGIC       0x3f6ff9eb
 210
 211 static void
 212 do_convert_to_ssh2(struct passwd *pw)
 213 {
 214         Key *k;
 215         u_int len;
 216         u_char *blob;
 217         char comment[61];
 218         struct stat st;
 219
 220         if (!have_identity)
 221                 ask_filename(pw, "Enter file in which the key is");
 222         if (stat(identity_file, &st) < 0) {
 223                 perror(identity_file);
 224                 exit(1);
 225         }
 226         if ((k = key_load_public(identity_file, NULL)) == NULL) {
 227                 if ((k = load_identity(identity_file)) == NULL) {
 228                         fprintf(stderr, "load failed\n");
 229                         exit(1);
 230                 }
 231         }
 232         if (k->type == KEY_RSA1) {
 233                 fprintf(stderr, "version 1 keys are not supported\n");
 234                 exit(1);
 235         }
 236         if (key_to_blob(k, &blob, &len) <= 0) {
 237                 fprintf(stderr, "key_to_blob failed\n");
 238                 exit(1);
 239         }
 240         /* Comment + surrounds must fit into 72 chars (RFC 4716 sec 3.3) */
 241         snprintf(comment, sizeof(comment),
 242             "%u-bit %s, converted by %s@%s from OpenSSH",
 243             key_size(k), key_type(k),
 244             pw->pw_name, hostname);
 245
 246         fprintf(stdout, "%s\n", SSH_COM_PUBLIC_BEGIN);
 247         fprintf(stdout, "Comment: \"%s\"\n", comment);
 248         dump_base64(stdout, blob, len);
 249         fprintf(stdout, "%s\n", SSH_COM_PUBLIC_END);
 250         key_free(k);
 251         xfree(blob);
 252         exit(0);
 253 }
 254
 255 static void
 256 buffer_get_bignum_bits(Buffer *b, BIGNUM *value)
 257 {
 258         u_int bignum_bits = buffer_get_int(b);
 259         u_int bytes = (bignum_bits + 7) / 8;
 260
 261         if (buffer_len(b) < bytes)
 262                 fatal("buffer_get_bignum_bits: input buffer too small: "
 263                     "need %d have %d", bytes, buffer_len(b));
 264         if (BN_bin2bn(buffer_ptr(b), bytes, value) == NULL)
 265                 fatal("buffer_get_bignum_bits: BN_bin2bn failed");
 266         buffer_consume(b, bytes);
 267 }
 268
 269 static Key *
 270 do_convert_private_ssh2_from_blob(u_char *blob, u_int blen)
 271 {
 272         Buffer b;
 273         Key *key = NULL;
 274         char *type, *cipher;
 275         u_char *sig, data[] = "abcde12345";
 276         int magic, rlen, ktype, i1, i2, i3, i4;
 277         u_int slen;
 278         u_long e;
 279
 280         buffer_init(&b);
 281         buffer_append(&b, blob, blen);
 282
 283         magic = buffer_get_int(&b);
 284         if (magic != SSH_COM_PRIVATE_KEY_MAGIC) {
 285                 error("bad magic 0x%x != 0x%x", magic, SSH_COM_PRIVATE_KEY_MAGIC);
 286                 buffer_free(&b);
 287                 return NULL;
 288         }
 289         i1 = buffer_get_int(&b);
 290         type   = buffer_get_string(&b, NULL);
 291         cipher = buffer_get_string(&b, NULL);
 292         i2 = buffer_get_int(&b);
 293         i3 = buffer_get_int(&b);
 294         i4 = buffer_get_int(&b);
 295         debug("ignore (%d %d %d %d)", i1, i2, i3, i4);
 296         if (strcmp(cipher, "none") != 0) {
 297                 error("unsupported cipher %s", cipher);
 298                 xfree(cipher);
 299                 buffer_free(&b);
 300                 xfree(type);
 301                 return NULL;
 302         }
 303         xfree(cipher);
 304
 305         if (strstr(type, "dsa")) {
 306                 ktype = KEY_DSA;
 307         } else if (strstr(type, "rsa")) {
 308                 ktype = KEY_RSA;
 309         } else {
 310                 buffer_free(&b);
 311                 xfree(type);
 312                 return NULL;
 313         }
 314         key = key_new_private(ktype);
 315         xfree(type);
 316
 317         switch (key->type) {
 318         case KEY_DSA:
 319                 buffer_get_bignum_bits(&b, key->dsa->p);
 320                 buffer_get_bignum_bits(&b, key->dsa->g);
 321                 buffer_get_bignum_bits(&b, key->dsa->q);
 322                 buffer_get_bignum_bits(&b, key->dsa->pub_key);
 323                 buffer_get_bignum_bits(&b, key->dsa->priv_key);
 324                 break;
 325         case KEY_RSA:
 326                 e = buffer_get_char(&b);
 327                 debug("e %lx", e);
 328                 if (e < 30) {
 329                         e <<= 8;
 330                         e += buffer_get_char(&b);
 331                         debug("e %lx", e);
 332                         e <<= 8;
 333                         e += buffer_get_char(&b);
 334                         debug("e %lx", e);
 335                 }
 336                 if (!BN_set_word(key->rsa->e, e)) {
 337                         buffer_free(&b);
 338                         key_free(key);
 339                         return NULL;
 340                 }
 341                 buffer_get_bignum_bits(&b, key->rsa->d);
 342                 buffer_get_bignum_bits(&b, key->rsa->n);
 343                 buffer_get_bignum_bits(&b, key->rsa->iqmp);
 344                 buffer_get_bignum_bits(&b, key->rsa->q);
 345                 buffer_get_bignum_bits(&b, key->rsa->p);
 346                 rsa_generate_additional_parameters(key->rsa);
 347                 break;
 348         }
 349         rlen = buffer_len(&b);
 350         if (rlen != 0)
 351                 error("do_convert_private_ssh2_from_blob: "
 352                     "remaining bytes in key blob %d", rlen);
 353         buffer_free(&b);
 354
 355         /* try the key */
 356         key_sign(key, &sig, &slen, data, sizeof(data));
 357         key_verify(key, sig, slen, data, sizeof(data));
 358         xfree(sig);
 359         return key;
 360 }
 361
 362 static int
 363 get_line(FILE *fp, char *line, size_t len)
 364 {
 365         int c;
 366         size_t pos = 0;
 367
 368         line[0] = '\0';
 369         while ((c = fgetc(fp)) != EOF) {
 370                 if (pos >= len - 1) {
 371                         fprintf(stderr, "input line too long.\n");
 372                         exit(1);
 373                 }
 374                 switch (c) {
 375                 case '\r':
 376                         c = fgetc(fp);
 377                         if (c != EOF && c != '\n' && ungetc(c, fp) == EOF) {
 378                                 fprintf(stderr, "unget: %s\n", strerror(errno));
 379                                 exit(1);
 380                         }
 381                         return pos;
 382                 case '\n':
 383                         return pos;
 384                 }
 385                 line[pos++] = c;
 386                 line[pos] = '\0';
 387         }
 388         /* We reached EOF */
 389         return -1;
 390 }
 391
 392 static void
 393 do_convert_from_ssh2(struct passwd *pw)
 394 {
 395         Key *k;
 396         int blen;
 397         u_int len;
 398         char line[1024];
 399         u_char blob[8096];
 400         char encoded[8096];
 401         struct stat st;
 402         int escaped = 0, private = 0, ok;
 403         FILE *fp;
 404
 405         if (!have_identity)
 406                 ask_filename(pw, "Enter file in which the key is");
 407         if (stat(identity_file, &st) < 0) {
 408                 perror(identity_file);
 409                 exit(1);
 410         }
 411         fp = fopen(identity_file, "r");
 412         if (fp == NULL) {
 413                 perror(identity_file);
 414                 exit(1);
 415         }
 416         encoded[0] = '\0';
 417         while ((blen = get_line(fp, line, sizeof(line))) != -1) {
 418                 if (line[blen - 1] == '\\')
 419                         escaped++;
 420                 if (strncmp(line, "----", 4) == 0 ||
 421                     strstr(line, ": ") != NULL) {
 422                         if (strstr(line, SSH_COM_PRIVATE_BEGIN) != NULL)
 423                                 private = 1;
 424                         if (strstr(line, " END ") != NULL) {
 425                                 break;
 426                         }
 427                         /* fprintf(stderr, "ignore: %s", line); */
 428                         continue;
 429                 }
 430                 if (escaped) {
 431                         escaped--;
 432                         /* fprintf(stderr, "escaped: %s", line); */
 433                         continue;
 434                 }
 435                 strlcat(encoded, line, sizeof(encoded));
 436         }
 437         len = strlen(encoded);
 438         if (((len % 4) == 3) &&
 439             (encoded[len-1] == '=') &&
 440             (encoded[len-2] == '=') &&
 441             (encoded[len-3] == '='))
 442                 encoded[len-3] = '\0';
 443         blen = uudecode(encoded, blob, sizeof(blob));
 444         if (blen < 0) {
 445                 fprintf(stderr, "uudecode failed.\n");
 446                 exit(1);
 447         }
 448         k = private ?
 449             do_convert_private_ssh2_from_blob(blob, blen) :
 450             key_from_blob(blob, blen);
 451         if (k == NULL) {
 452                 fprintf(stderr, "decode blob failed.\n");
 453                 exit(1);
 454         }
 455         ok = private ?
 456             (k->type == KEY_DSA ?
 457                  PEM_write_DSAPrivateKey(stdout, k->dsa, NULL, NULL, 0, NULL, NULL) :
 458                  PEM_write_RSAPrivateKey(stdout, k->rsa, NULL, NULL, 0, NULL, NULL)) :
 459             key_write(k, stdout);
 460         if (!ok) {
 461                 fprintf(stderr, "key write failed\n");
 462                 exit(1);
 463         }
 464         key_free(k);
 465         if (!private)
 466                 fprintf(stdout, "\n");
 467         fclose(fp);
 468         exit(0);
 469 }
 470
 471 static void
 472 do_print_public(struct passwd *pw)
 473 {
 474         Key *prv;
 475         struct stat st;
 476
 477         if (!have_identity)
 478                 ask_filename(pw, "Enter file in which the key is");
 479         if (stat(identity_file, &st) < 0) {
 480                 perror(identity_file);
 481                 exit(1);
 482         }
 483         prv = load_identity(identity_file);
 484         if (prv == NULL) {
 485                 fprintf(stderr, "load failed\n");
 486                 exit(1);
 487         }
 488         if (!key_write(prv, stdout))
 489                 fprintf(stderr, "key_write failed");
 490         key_free(prv);
 491         fprintf(stdout, "\n");
 492         exit(0);
 493 }
 494
 495 static void
 496 do_download(struct passwd *pw, char *pkcs11provider)
 497 {
 498 #ifdef ENABLE_PKCS11
 499         Key **keys = NULL;
 500         int i, nkeys;
 501
 502         pkcs11_init(0);
 503         nkeys = pkcs11_add_provider(pkcs11provider, NULL, &keys);
 504         if (nkeys <= 0)
 505                 fatal("cannot read public key from pkcs11");
 506         for (i = 0; i < nkeys; i++) {
 507                 key_write(keys[i], stdout);
 508                 key_free(keys[i]);
 509                 fprintf(stdout, "\n");
 510         }
 511         xfree(keys);
 512         pkcs11_terminate();
 513         exit(0);
 514 #else
 515         fatal("no pkcs11 support");
 516 #endif /* ENABLE_PKCS11 */
 517 }
 518
 519 static void
 520 do_fingerprint(struct passwd *pw)
 521 {
 522         FILE *f;
 523         Key *public;
 524         char *comment = NULL, *cp, *ep, line[16*1024], *fp, *ra;
 525         int i, skip = 0, num = 0, invalid = 1;
 526         enum fp_rep rep;
 527         enum fp_type fptype;
 528         struct stat st;
 529
 530         fptype = print_bubblebabble ? SSH_FP_SHA1 : SSH_FP_MD5;
 531         rep =    print_bubblebabble ? SSH_FP_BUBBLEBABBLE : SSH_FP_HEX;
 532
 533         if (!have_identity)
 534                 ask_filename(pw, "Enter file in which the key is");
 535         if (stat(identity_file, &st) < 0) {
 536                 perror(identity_file);
 537                 exit(1);
 538         }
 539         public = key_load_public(identity_file, &comment);
 540         if (public != NULL) {
 541                 fp = key_fingerprint(public, fptype, rep);
 542                 ra = key_fingerprint(public, SSH_FP_MD5, SSH_FP_RANDOMART);
 543                 printf("%u %s %s (%s)\n", key_size(public), fp, comment,
 544                     key_type(public));
 545                 if (log_level >= SYSLOG_LEVEL_VERBOSE)
 546                         printf("%s\n", ra);
 547                 key_free(public);
 548                 xfree(comment);
 549                 xfree(ra);
 550                 xfree(fp);
 551                 exit(0);
 552         }
 553         if (comment) {
 554                 xfree(comment);
 555                 comment = NULL;
 556         }
 557
 558         f = fopen(identity_file, "r");
 559         if (f != NULL) {
 560                 while (fgets(line, sizeof(line), f)) {
 561                         if ((cp = strchr(line, '\n')) == NULL) {
 562                                 error("line %d too long: %.40s...",
 563                                     num + 1, line);
 564                                 skip = 1;
 565                                 continue;
 566                         }
 567                         num++;
 568                         if (skip) {
 569                                 skip = 0;
 570                                 continue;
 571                         }
 572                         *cp = '\0';
 573
 574                         /* Skip leading whitespace, empty and comment lines. */
 575                         for (cp = line; *cp == ' ' || *cp == '\t'; cp++)
 576                                 ;
 577                         if (!*cp || *cp == '\n' || *cp == '#')
 578                                 continue;
 579                         i = strtol(cp, &ep, 10);
 580                         if (i == 0 || ep == NULL || (*ep != ' ' && *ep != '\t')) {
 581                                 int quoted = 0;
 582                                 comment = cp;
 583                                 for (; *cp && (quoted || (*cp != ' ' &&
 584                                     *cp != '\t')); cp++) {
 585                                         if (*cp == '\\' && cp[1] == '"')
 586                                                 cp++;   /* Skip both */
 587                                         else if (*cp == '"')
 588                                                 quoted = !quoted;
 589                                 }
 590                                 if (!*cp)
 591                                         continue;
 592                                 *cp++ = '\0';
 593                         }
 594                         ep = cp;
 595                         public = key_new(KEY_RSA1);
 596                         if (key_read(public, &cp) != 1) {
 597                                 cp = ep;
 598                                 key_free(public);
 599                                 public = key_new(KEY_UNSPEC);
 600                                 if (key_read(public, &cp) != 1) {
 601                                         key_free(public);
 602                                         continue;
 603                                 }
 604                         }
 605                         comment = *cp ? cp : comment;
 606                         fp = key_fingerprint(public, fptype, rep);
 607                         ra = key_fingerprint(public, SSH_FP_MD5, SSH_FP_RANDOMART);
 608                         printf("%u %s %s (%s)\n", key_size(public), fp,
 609                             comment ? comment : "no comment", key_type(public));
 610                         if (log_level >= SYSLOG_LEVEL_VERBOSE)
 611                                 printf("%s\n", ra);
 612                         xfree(ra);
 613                         xfree(fp);
 614                         key_free(public);
 615                         invalid = 0;
 616                 }
 617                 fclose(f);
 618         }
 619         if (invalid) {
 620                 printf("%s is not a public key file.\n", identity_file);
 621                 exit(1);
 622         }
 623         exit(0);
 624 }
 625
 626 static void
 627 printhost(FILE *f, const char *name, Key *public, int ca, int hash)
 628 {
 629         if (print_fingerprint) {
 630                 enum fp_rep rep;
 631                 enum fp_type fptype;
 632                 char *fp, *ra;
 633
 634                 fptype = print_bubblebabble ? SSH_FP_SHA1 : SSH_FP_MD5;
 635                 rep =    print_bubblebabble ? SSH_FP_BUBBLEBABBLE : SSH_FP_HEX;
 636                 fp = key_fingerprint(public, fptype, rep);
 637                 ra = key_fingerprint(public, SSH_FP_MD5, SSH_FP_RANDOMART);
 638                 printf("%u %s %s (%s)\n", key_size(public), fp, name,
 639                     key_type(public));
 640                 if (log_level >= SYSLOG_LEVEL_VERBOSE)
 641                         printf("%s\n", ra);
 642                 xfree(ra);
 643                 xfree(fp);
 644         } else {
 645                 if (hash && (name = host_hash(name, NULL, 0)) == NULL)
 646                         fatal("hash_host failed");
 647                 fprintf(f, "%s%s%s ", ca ? CA_MARKER : "", ca ? " " : "", name);
 648                 if (!key_write(public, f))
 649                         fatal("key_write failed");
 650                 fprintf(f, "\n");
 651         }
 652 }
 653
 654 static void
 655 do_known_hosts(struct passwd *pw, const char *name)
 656 {
 657         FILE *in, *out = stdout;
 658         Key *pub;
 659         char *cp, *cp2, *kp, *kp2;
 660         char line[16*1024], tmp[MAXPATHLEN], old[MAXPATHLEN];
 661         int c, skip = 0, inplace = 0, num = 0, invalid = 0, has_unhashed = 0;
 662         int ca;
 663
 664         if (!have_identity) {
 665                 cp = tilde_expand_filename(_PATH_SSH_USER_HOSTFILE, pw->pw_uid);
 666                 if (strlcpy(identity_file, cp, sizeof(identity_file)) >=
 667                     sizeof(identity_file))
 668                         fatal("Specified known hosts path too long");
 669                 xfree(cp);
 670                 have_identity = 1;
 671         }
 672         if ((in = fopen(identity_file, "r")) == NULL)
 673                 fatal("fopen: %s", strerror(errno));
 674
 675         /*
 676          * Find hosts goes to stdout, hash and deletions happen in-place
 677          * A corner case is ssh-keygen -HF foo, which should go to stdout
 678          */
 679         if (!find_host && (hash_hosts || delete_host)) {
 680                 if (strlcpy(tmp, identity_file, sizeof(tmp)) >= sizeof(tmp) ||
 681                     strlcat(tmp, ".XXXXXXXXXX", sizeof(tmp)) >= sizeof(tmp) ||
 682                     strlcpy(old, identity_file, sizeof(old)) >= sizeof(old) ||
 683                     strlcat(old, ".old", sizeof(old)) >= sizeof(old))
 684                         fatal("known_hosts path too long");
 685                 umask(077);
 686                 if ((c = mkstemp(tmp)) == -1)
 687                         fatal("mkstemp: %s", strerror(errno));
 688                 if ((out = fdopen(c, "w")) == NULL) {
 689                         c = errno;
 690                         unlink(tmp);
 691                         fatal("fdopen: %s", strerror(c));
 692                 }
 693                 inplace = 1;
 694         }
 695
 696         while (fgets(line, sizeof(line), in)) {
 697                 if ((cp = strchr(line, '\n')) == NULL) {
 698                         error("line %d too long: %.40s...", num + 1, line);
 699                         skip = 1;
 700                         invalid = 1;
 701                         continue;
 702                 }
 703                 num++;
 704                 if (skip) {
 705                         skip = 0;
 706                         continue;
 707                 }
 708                 *cp = '\0';
 709
 710                 /* Skip leading whitespace, empty and comment lines. */
 711                 for (cp = line; *cp == ' ' || *cp == '\t'; cp++)
 712                         ;
 713                 if (!*cp || *cp == '\n' || *cp == '#') {
 714                         if (inplace)
 715                                 fprintf(out, "%s\n", cp);
 716                         continue;
 717                 }
 718                 /* Check whether this is a CA key */
 719                 if (strncasecmp(cp, CA_MARKER, sizeof(CA_MARKER) - 1) == 0 &&
 720                     (cp[sizeof(CA_MARKER) - 1] == ' ' ||
 721                     cp[sizeof(CA_MARKER) - 1] == '\t')) {
 722                         ca = 1;
 723                         cp += sizeof(CA_MARKER);
 724                 } else
 725                         ca = 0;
 726
 727                 /* Find the end of the host name portion. */
 728                 for (kp = cp; *kp && *kp != ' ' && *kp != '\t'; kp++)
 729                         ;
 730
 731                 if (*kp == '\0' || *(kp + 1) == '\0') {
 732                         error("line %d missing key: %.40s...",
 733                             num, line);
 734                         invalid = 1;
 735                         continue;
 736                 }
 737                 *kp++ = '\0';
 738                 kp2 = kp;
 739
 740                 pub = key_new(KEY_RSA1);
 741                 if (key_read(pub, &kp) != 1) {
 742                         kp = kp2;
 743                         key_free(pub);
 744                         pub = key_new(KEY_UNSPEC);
 745                         if (key_read(pub, &kp) != 1) {
 746                                 error("line %d invalid key: %.40s...",
 747                                     num, line);
 748                                 key_free(pub);
 749                                 invalid = 1;
 750                                 continue;
 751                         }
 752                 }
 753
 754                 if (*cp == HASH_DELIM) {
 755                         if (find_host || delete_host) {
 756                                 cp2 = host_hash(name, cp, strlen(cp));
 757                                 if (cp2 == NULL) {
 758                                         error("line %d: invalid hashed "
 759                                             "name: %.64s...", num, line);
 760                                         invalid = 1;
 761                                         continue;
 762                                 }
 763                                 c = (strcmp(cp2, cp) == 0);
 764                                 if (find_host && c) {
 765                                         printf("# Host %s found: "
 766                                             "line %d type %s%s\n", name,
 767                                             num, key_type(pub),
 768                                             ca ? " (CA key)" : "");
 769                                         printhost(out, cp, pub, ca, 0);
 770                                 }
 771                                 if (delete_host && !c && !ca)
 772                                         printhost(out, cp, pub, ca, 0);
 773                         } else if (hash_hosts)
 774                                 printhost(out, cp, pub, ca, 0);
 775                 } else {
 776                         if (find_host || delete_host) {
 777                                 c = (match_hostname(name, cp,
 778                                     strlen(cp)) == 1);
 779                                 if (find_host && c) {
 780                                         printf("# Host %s found: "
 781                                             "line %d type %s%s\n", name,
 782                                             num, key_type(pub),
 783                                             ca ? " (CA key)" : "");
 784                                         printhost(out, name, pub,
 785                                             ca, hash_hosts && !ca);
 786                                 }
 787                                 if (delete_host && !c && !ca)
 788                                         printhost(out, cp, pub, ca, 0);
 789                         } else if (hash_hosts) {
 790                                 for (cp2 = strsep(&cp, ",");
 791                                     cp2 != NULL && *cp2 != '\0';
 792                                     cp2 = strsep(&cp, ",")) {
 793                                         if (ca) {
 794                                                 fprintf(stderr, "Warning: "
 795                                                     "ignoring CA key for host: "
 796                                                     "%.64s\n", cp2);
 797                                                 printhost(out, cp2, pub, ca, 0);
 798                                         } else if (strcspn(cp2, "*?!") !=
 799                                             strlen(cp2)) {
 800                                                 fprintf(stderr, "Warning: "
 801                                                     "ignoring host name with "
 802                                                     "metacharacters: %.64s\n",
 803                                                     cp2);
 804                                                 printhost(out, cp2, pub, ca, 0);
 805                                         } else
 806                                                 printhost(out, cp2, pub, ca, 1);
 807                                 }
 808                                 has_unhashed = 1;
 809                         }
 810                 }
 811                 key_free(pub);
 812         }
 813         fclose(in);
 814
 815         if (invalid) {
 816                 fprintf(stderr, "%s is not a valid known_hosts file.\n",
 817                     identity_file);
 818                 if (inplace) {
 819                         fprintf(stderr, "Not replacing existing known_hosts "
 820                             "file because of errors\n");
 821                         fclose(out);
 822                         unlink(tmp);
 823                 }
 824                 exit(1);
 825         }
 826
 827         if (inplace) {
 828                 fclose(out);
 829
 830                 /* Backup existing file */
 831                 if (unlink(old) == -1 && errno != ENOENT)
 832                         fatal("unlink %.100s: %s", old, strerror(errno));
 833                 if (link(identity_file, old) == -1)
 834                         fatal("link %.100s to %.100s: %s", identity_file, old,
 835                             strerror(errno));
 836                 /* Move new one into place */
 837                 if (rename(tmp, identity_file) == -1) {
 838                         error("rename\"%s\" to \"%s\": %s", tmp, identity_file,
 839                             strerror(errno));
 840                         unlink(tmp);
 841                         unlink(old);
 842                         exit(1);
 843                 }
 844
 845                 fprintf(stderr, "%s updated.\n", identity_file);
 846                 fprintf(stderr, "Original contents retained as %s\n", old);
 847                 if (has_unhashed) {
 848                         fprintf(stderr, "WARNING: %s contains unhashed "
 849                             "entries\n", old);
 850                         fprintf(stderr, "Delete this file to ensure privacy "
 851                             "of hostnames\n");
 852                 }
 853         }
 854
 855         exit(0);
 856 }
 857
 858 /*
 859  * Perform changing a passphrase.  The argument is the passwd structure
 860  * for the current user.
 861  */
 862 static void
 863 do_change_passphrase(struct passwd *pw)
 864 {
 865         char *comment;
 866         char *old_passphrase, *passphrase1, *passphrase2;
 867         struct stat st;
 868         Key *private;
 869
 870         if (!have_identity)
 871                 ask_filename(pw, "Enter file in which the key is");
 872         if (stat(identity_file, &st) < 0) {
 873                 perror(identity_file);
 874                 exit(1);
 875         }
 876         /* Try to load the file with empty passphrase. */
 877         private = key_load_private(identity_file, "", &comment);
 878         if (private == NULL) {
 879                 if (identity_passphrase)
 880                         old_passphrase = xstrdup(identity_passphrase);
 881                 else
 882                         old_passphrase =
 883                             read_passphrase("Enter old passphrase: ",
 884                             RP_ALLOW_STDIN);
 885                 private = key_load_private(identity_file, old_passphrase,
 886                     &comment);
 887                 memset(old_passphrase, 0, strlen(old_passphrase));
 888                 xfree(old_passphrase);
 889                 if (private == NULL) {
 890                         printf("Bad passphrase.\n");
 891                         exit(1);
 892                 }
 893         }
 894         printf("Key has comment '%s'\n", comment);
 895
 896         /* Ask the new passphrase (twice). */
 897         if (identity_new_passphrase) {
 898                 passphrase1 = xstrdup(identity_new_passphrase);
 899                 passphrase2 = NULL;
 900         } else {
 901                 passphrase1 =
 902                         read_passphrase("Enter new passphrase (empty for no "
 903                             "passphrase): ", RP_ALLOW_STDIN);
 904                 passphrase2 = read_passphrase("Enter same passphrase again: ",
 905                     RP_ALLOW_STDIN);
 906
 907                 /* Verify that they are the same. */
 908                 if (strcmp(passphrase1, passphrase2) != 0) {
 909                         memset(passphrase1, 0, strlen(passphrase1));
 910                         memset(passphrase2, 0, strlen(passphrase2));
 911                         xfree(passphrase1);
 912                         xfree(passphrase2);
 913                         printf("Pass phrases do not match.  Try again.\n");
 914                         exit(1);
 915                 }
 916                 /* Destroy the other copy. */
 917                 memset(passphrase2, 0, strlen(passphrase2));
 918                 xfree(passphrase2);
 919         }
 920
 921         /* Save the file using the new passphrase. */
 922         if (!key_save_private(private, identity_file, passphrase1, comment)) {
 923                 printf("Saving the key failed: %s.\n", identity_file);
 924                 memset(passphrase1, 0, strlen(passphrase1));
 925                 xfree(passphrase1);
 926                 key_free(private);
 927                 xfree(comment);
 928                 exit(1);
 929         }
 930         /* Destroy the passphrase and the copy of the key in memory. */
 931         memset(passphrase1, 0, strlen(passphrase1));
 932         xfree(passphrase1);
 933         key_free(private);               /* Destroys contents */
 934         xfree(comment);
 935
 936         printf("Your identification has been saved with the new passphrase.\n");
 937         exit(0);
 938 }
 939
 940 /*
 941  * Print the SSHFP RR.
 942  */
 943 static int
 944 do_print_resource_record(struct passwd *pw, char *fname, char *hname)
 945 {
 946         Key *public;
 947         char *comment = NULL;
 948         struct stat st;
 949
 950         if (fname == NULL)
 951                 ask_filename(pw, "Enter file in which the key is");
 952         if (stat(fname, &st) < 0) {
 953                 if (errno == ENOENT)
 954                         return 0;
 955                 perror(fname);
 956                 exit(1);
 957         }
 958         public = key_load_public(fname, &comment);
 959         if (public != NULL) {
 960                 export_dns_rr(hname, public, stdout, print_generic);
 961                 key_free(public);
 962                 xfree(comment);
 963                 return 1;
 964         }
 965         if (comment)
 966                 xfree(comment);
 967
 968         printf("failed to read v2 public key from %s.\n", fname);
 969         exit(1);
 970 }
 971
 972 /*
 973  * Change the comment of a private key file.
 974  */
 975 static void
 976 do_change_comment(struct passwd *pw)
 977 {
 978         char new_comment[1024], *comment, *passphrase;
 979         Key *private;
 980         Key *public;
 981         struct stat st;
 982         FILE *f;
 983         int fd;
 984
 985         if (!have_identity)
 986                 ask_filename(pw, "Enter file in which the key is");
 987         if (stat(identity_file, &st) < 0) {
 988                 perror(identity_file);
 989                 exit(1);
 990         }
 991         private = key_load_private(identity_file, "", &comment);
 992         if (private == NULL) {
 993                 if (identity_passphrase)
 994                         passphrase = xstrdup(identity_passphrase);
 995                 else if (identity_new_passphrase)
 996                         passphrase = xstrdup(identity_new_passphrase);
 997                 else
 998                         passphrase = read_passphrase("Enter passphrase: ",
 999                             RP_ALLOW_STDIN);
1000                 /* Try to load using the passphrase. */
1001                 private = key_load_private(identity_file, passphrase, &comment);
1002                 if (private == NULL) {
1003                         memset(passphrase, 0, strlen(passphrase));
1004                         xfree(passphrase);
1005                         printf("Bad passphrase.\n");
1006                         exit(1);
1007                 }
1008         } else {
1009                 passphrase = xstrdup("");
1010         }
1011         if (private->type != KEY_RSA1) {
1012                 fprintf(stderr, "Comments are only supported for RSA1 keys.\n");
1013                 key_free(private);
1014                 exit(1);
1015         }
1016         printf("Key now has comment '%s'\n", comment);
1017
1018         if (identity_comment) {
1019                 strlcpy(new_comment, identity_comment, sizeof(new_comment));
1020         } else {
1021                 printf("Enter new comment: ");
1022                 fflush(stdout);
1023                 if (!fgets(new_comment, sizeof(new_comment), stdin)) {
1024                         memset(passphrase, 0, strlen(passphrase));
1025                         key_free(private);
1026                         exit(1);
1027                 }
1028                 new_comment[strcspn(new_comment, "\n")] = '\0';
1029         }
1030
1031         /* Save the file using the new passphrase. */
1032         if (!key_save_private(private, identity_file, passphrase, new_comment)) {
1033                 printf("Saving the key failed: %s.\n", identity_file);
1034                 memset(passphrase, 0, strlen(passphrase));
1035                 xfree(passphrase);
1036                 key_free(private);
1037                 xfree(comment);
1038                 exit(1);
1039         }
1040         memset(passphrase, 0, strlen(passphrase));
1041         xfree(passphrase);
1042         public = key_from_private(private);
1043         key_free(private);
1044
1045         strlcat(identity_file, ".pub", sizeof(identity_file));
1046         fd = open(identity_file, O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC, 0644);
1047         if (fd == -1) {
1048                 printf("Could not save your public key in %s\n", identity_file);
1049                 exit(1);
1050         }
1051         f = fdopen(fd, "w");
1052         if (f == NULL) {
1053                 printf("fdopen %s failed\n", identity_file);
1054                 exit(1);
1055         }
1056         if (!key_write(public, f))
1057                 fprintf(stderr, "write key failed\n");
1058         key_free(public);
1059         fprintf(f, " %s\n", new_comment);
1060         fclose(f);
1061
1062         xfree(comment);
1063
1064         printf("The comment in your key file has been changed.\n");
1065         exit(0);
1066 }
1067
1068 static const char *
1069 fmt_validity(u_int64_t valid_from, u_int64_t valid_to)
1070 {
1071         char from[32], to[32];
1072         static char ret[64];
1073         time_t tt;
1074         struct tm *tm;
1075
1076         *from = *to = '\0';
1077         if (valid_from == 0 && valid_to == 0xffffffffffffffffULL)
1078                 return "forever";
1079
1080         if (valid_from != 0) {
1081                 /* XXX revisit INT_MAX in 2038 :) */
1082                 tt = valid_from > INT_MAX ? INT_MAX : valid_from;
1083                 tm = localtime(&tt);
1084                 strftime(from, sizeof(from), "%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S", tm);
1085         }
1086         if (valid_to != 0xffffffffffffffffULL) {
1087                 /* XXX revisit INT_MAX in 2038 :) */
1088                 tt = valid_to > INT_MAX ? INT_MAX : valid_to;
1089                 tm = localtime(&tt);
1090                 strftime(to, sizeof(to), "%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S", tm);
1091         }
1092
1093         if (valid_from == 0) {
1094                 snprintf(ret, sizeof(ret), "before %s", to);
1095                 return ret;
1096         }
1097         if (valid_to == 0xffffffffffffffffULL) {
1098                 snprintf(ret, sizeof(ret), "after %s", from);
1099                 return ret;
1100         }
1101
1102         snprintf(ret, sizeof(ret), "from %s to %s", from, to);
1103         return ret;
1104 }
1105
1106 static void
1107 add_flag_constraint(Buffer *c, const char *name)
1108 {
1109         debug3("%s: %s", __func__, name);
1110         buffer_put_cstring(c, name);
1111         buffer_put_string(c, NULL, 0);
1112 }
1113
1114 static void
1115 add_string_constraint(Buffer *c, const char *name, const char *value)
1116 {
1117         Buffer b;
1118
1119         debug3("%s: %s=%s", __func__, name, value);
1120         buffer_init(&b);
1121         buffer_put_cstring(&b, value);
1122
1123         buffer_put_cstring(c, name);
1124         buffer_put_string(c, buffer_ptr(&b), buffer_len(&b));
1125
1126         buffer_free(&b);
1127 }
1128
1129 static void
1130 prepare_constraint_buf(Buffer *c)
1131 {
1132
1133         buffer_clear(c);
1134         if ((constraint_flags & CONSTRAINT_X_FWD) != 0)
1135                 add_flag_constraint(c, "permit-X11-forwarding");
1136         if ((constraint_flags & CONSTRAINT_AGENT_FWD) != 0)
1137                 add_flag_constraint(c, "permit-agent-forwarding");
1138         if ((constraint_flags & CONSTRAINT_PORT_FWD) != 0)
1139                 add_flag_constraint(c, "permit-port-forwarding");
1140         if ((constraint_flags & CONSTRAINT_PTY) != 0)
1141                 add_flag_constraint(c, "permit-pty");
1142         if ((constraint_flags & CONSTRAINT_USER_RC) != 0)
1143                 add_flag_constraint(c, "permit-user-rc");
1144         if (constraint_command != NULL)
1145                 add_string_constraint(c, "force-command", constraint_command);
1146         if (constraint_src_addr != NULL)
1147                 add_string_constraint(c, "source-address", constraint_src_addr);
1148 }
1149
1150 static void
1151 do_ca_sign(struct passwd *pw, int argc, char **argv)
1152 {
1153         int i, fd;
1154         u_int n;
1155         Key *ca, *public;
1156         char *otmp, *tmp, *cp, *out, *comment, **plist = NULL;
1157         FILE *f;
1158
1159         tmp = tilde_expand_filename(ca_key_path, pw->pw_uid);
1160         if ((ca = load_identity(tmp)) == NULL)
1161                 fatal("Couldn't load CA key \"%s\"", tmp);
1162         xfree(tmp);
1163
1164         for (i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
1165                 /* Split list of principals */
1166                 n = 0;
1167                 if (cert_principals != NULL) {
1168                         otmp = tmp = xstrdup(cert_principals);
1169                         plist = NULL;
1170                         for (; (cp = strsep(&tmp, ",")) != NULL; n++) {
1171                                 plist = xrealloc(plist, n + 1, sizeof(*plist));
1172                                 if (*(plist[n] = xstrdup(cp)) == '\0')
1173                                         fatal("Empty principal name");
1174                         }
1175                         xfree(otmp);
1176                 }
1177
1178                 tmp = tilde_expand_filename(argv[i], pw->pw_uid);
1179                 if ((public = key_load_public(tmp, &comment)) == NULL)
1180                         fatal("%s: unable to open \"%s\"", __func__, tmp);
1181                 if (public->type != KEY_RSA && public->type != KEY_DSA)
1182                         fatal("%s: key \"%s\" type %s cannot be certified",
1183                             __func__, tmp, key_type(public));
1184
1185                 /* Prepare certificate to sign */
1186                 if (key_to_certified(public) != 0)
1187                         fatal("Could not upgrade key %s to certificate", tmp);
1188                 public->cert->type = cert_key_type;
1189                 public->cert->key_id = xstrdup(cert_key_id);
1190                 public->cert->nprincipals = n;
1191                 public->cert->principals = plist;
1192                 public->cert->valid_after = cert_valid_from;
1193                 public->cert->valid_before = cert_valid_to;
1194                 prepare_constraint_buf(&public->cert->constraints);
1195                 public->cert->signature_key = key_from_private(ca);
1196
1197                 if (key_certify(public, ca) != 0)
1198                         fatal("Couldn't not certify key %s", tmp);
1199
1200                 if ((cp = strrchr(tmp, '.')) != NULL && strcmp(cp, ".pub") == 0)
1201                         *cp = '\0';
1202                 xasprintf(&out, "%s-cert.pub", tmp);
1203                 xfree(tmp);
1204
1205                 if ((fd = open(out, O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_TRUNC, 0644)) == -1)
1206                         fatal("Could not open \"%s\" for writing: %s", out,
1207                             strerror(errno));
1208                 if ((f = fdopen(fd, "w")) == NULL)
1209                         fatal("%s: fdopen: %s", __func__, strerror(errno));
1210                 if (!key_write(public, f))
1211                         fatal("Could not write certified key to %s", out);
1212                 fprintf(f, " %s\n", comment);
1213                 fclose(f);
1214
1215                 if (!quiet)
1216                         logit("Signed %s key %s: id \"%s\"%s%s valid %s",
1217                             cert_key_type == SSH2_CERT_TYPE_USER?"user":"host",
1218                             out, cert_key_id,
1219                             cert_principals != NULL ? " for " : "",
1220                             cert_principals != NULL ? cert_principals : "",
1221                             fmt_validity(cert_valid_from, cert_valid_to));
1222
1223                 key_free(public);
1224                 xfree(out);
1225         }
1226         exit(0);
1227 }
1228
1229 static u_int64_t
1230 parse_relative_time(const char *s, time_t now)
1231 {
1232         int64_t mul, secs;
1233
1234         mul = *s == '-' ? -1 : 1;
1235
1236         if ((secs = convtime(s + 1)) == -1)
1237                 fatal("Invalid relative certificate time %s", s);
1238         if (mul == -1 && secs > now)
1239                 fatal("Certificate time %s cannot be represented", s);
1240         return now + (u_int64_t)(secs * mul);
1241 }
1242
1243 static u_int64_t
1244 parse_absolute_time(const char *s)
1245 {
1246         struct tm tm;
1247         time_t tt;
1248         char buf[32], *fmt;
1249
1250         /*
1251          * POSIX strptime says "The application shall ensure that there
1252          * is white-space or other non-alphanumeric characters between
1253          * any two conversion specifications" so arrange things this way.
1254          */
1255         switch (strlen(s)) {
1256         case 8:
1257                 fmt = "%Y-%m-%d";
1258                 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%.4s-%.2s-%.2s", s, s + 4, s + 6);
1259                 break;
1260         case 14:
1261                 fmt = "%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S";
1262                 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%.4s-%.2s-%.2sT%.2s:%.2s:%.2s",
1263                     s, s + 4, s + 6, s + 8, s + 10, s + 12);
1264                 break;
1265         default:
1266                 fatal("Invalid certificate time format %s", s);
1267         }
1268
1269         bzero(&tm, sizeof(tm));
1270         if (strptime(buf, fmt, &tm) == NULL)
1271                 fatal("Invalid certificate time %s", s);
1272         if ((tt = mktime(&tm)) < 0)
1273                 fatal("Certificate time %s cannot be represented", s);
1274         return (u_int64_t)tt;
1275 }
1276
1277 static void
1278 parse_cert_times(char *timespec)
1279 {
1280         char *from, *to;
1281         time_t now = time(NULL);
1282         int64_t secs;
1283
1284         /* +timespec relative to now */
1285         if (*timespec == '+' && strchr(timespec, ':') == NULL) {
1286                 if ((secs = convtime(timespec + 1)) == -1)
1287                         fatal("Invalid relative certificate life %s", timespec);
1288                 cert_valid_to = now + secs;
1289                 /*
1290                  * Backdate certificate one minute to avoid problems on hosts
1291                  * with poorly-synchronised clocks.
1292                  */
1293                 cert_valid_from = ((now - 59)/ 60) * 60;
1294                 return;
1295         }
1296
1297         /*
1298          * from:to, where
1299          * from := [+-]timespec | YYYYMMDD | YYYYMMDDHHMMSS
1300          *   to := [+-]timespec | YYYYMMDD | YYYYMMDDHHMMSS
1301          */
1302         from = xstrdup(timespec);
1303         to = strchr(from, ':');
1304         if (to == NULL || from == to || *(to + 1) == '\0')
1305                 fatal("Invalid certificate life specification %s", timespec);
1306         *to++ = '\0';
1307
1308         if (*from == '-' || *from == '+')
1309                 cert_valid_from = parse_relative_time(from, now);
1310         else
1311                 cert_valid_from = parse_absolute_time(from);
1312
1313         if (*to == '-' || *to == '+')
1314                 cert_valid_to = parse_relative_time(to, cert_valid_from);
1315         else
1316                 cert_valid_to = parse_absolute_time(to);
1317
1318         if (cert_valid_to <= cert_valid_from)
1319                 fatal("Empty certificate validity interval");
1320         xfree(from);
1321 }
1322
1323 static void
1324 add_cert_constraint(char *opt)
1325 {
1326         char *val;
1327
1328         if (strcmp(opt, "clear") == 0)
1329                 constraint_flags = 0;
1330         else if (strcasecmp(opt, "no-x11-forwarding") == 0)
1331                 constraint_flags &= ~CONSTRAINT_X_FWD;
1332         else if (strcasecmp(opt, "permit-x11-forwarding") == 0)
1333                 constraint_flags |= CONSTRAINT_X_FWD;
1334         else if (strcasecmp(opt, "no-agent-forwarding") == 0)
1335                 constraint_flags &= ~CONSTRAINT_AGENT_FWD;
1336         else if (strcasecmp(opt, "permit-agent-forwarding") == 0)
1337                 constraint_flags |= CONSTRAINT_AGENT_FWD;
1338         else if (strcasecmp(opt, "no-port-forwarding") == 0)
1339                 constraint_flags &= ~CONSTRAINT_PORT_FWD;
1340         else if (strcasecmp(opt, "permit-port-forwarding") == 0)
1341                 constraint_flags |= CONSTRAINT_PORT_FWD;
1342         else if (strcasecmp(opt, "no-pty") == 0)
1343                 constraint_flags &= ~CONSTRAINT_PTY;
1344         else if (strcasecmp(opt, "permit-pty") == 0)
1345                 constraint_flags |= CONSTRAINT_PTY;
1346         else if (strcasecmp(opt, "no-user-rc") == 0)
1347                 constraint_flags &= ~CONSTRAINT_USER_RC;
1348         else if (strcasecmp(opt, "permit-user-rc") == 0)
1349                 constraint_flags |= CONSTRAINT_USER_RC;
1350         else if (strncasecmp(opt, "force-command=", 14) == 0) {
1351                 val = opt + 14;
1352                 if (*val == '\0')
1353                         fatal("Empty force-command constraint");
1354                 if (constraint_command != NULL)
1355                         fatal("force-command already specified");
1356                 constraint_command = xstrdup(val);
1357         } else if (strncasecmp(opt, "source-address=", 15) == 0) {
1358                 val = opt + 15;
1359                 if (*val == '\0')
1360                         fatal("Empty source-address constraint");
1361                 if (constraint_src_addr != NULL)
1362                         fatal("source-address already specified");
1363                 if (addr_match_cidr_list(NULL, val) != 0)
1364                         fatal("Invalid source-address list");
1365                 constraint_src_addr = xstrdup(val);
1366         } else
1367                 fatal("Unsupported certificate constraint \"%s\"", opt);
1368 }
1369
1370 static void
1371 do_show_cert(struct passwd *pw)
1372 {
1373         Key *key;
1374         struct stat st;
1375         char *key_fp, *ca_fp;
1376         Buffer constraints, constraint;
1377         u_char *name, *data;
1378         u_int i, dlen;
1379
1380         if (!have_identity)
1381                 ask_filename(pw, "Enter file in which the key is");
1382         if (stat(identity_file, &st) < 0) {
1383                 perror(identity_file);
1384                 exit(1);
1385         }
1386         if ((key = key_load_public(identity_file, NULL)) == NULL)
1387                 fatal("%s is not a public key", identity_file);
1388         if (!key_is_cert(key))
1389                 fatal("%s is not a certificate", identity_file);
1390
1391         key_fp = key_fingerprint(key, SSH_FP_MD5, SSH_FP_HEX);
1392         ca_fp = key_fingerprint(key->cert->signature_key,
1393             SSH_FP_MD5, SSH_FP_HEX);
1394
1395         printf("%s:\n", identity_file);
1396         printf("        %s certificate %s\n", key_type(key), key_fp);
1397         printf("        Signed by %s CA %s\n",
1398             key_type(key->cert->signature_key), ca_fp);
1399         printf("        Key ID \"%s\"\n", key->cert->key_id);
1400         printf("        Valid: %s\n",
1401             fmt_validity(key->cert->valid_after, key->cert->valid_before));
1402         printf("        Principals: ");
1403         if (key->cert->nprincipals == 0)
1404                 printf("(none)\n");
1405         else {
1406                 for (i = 0; i < key->cert->nprincipals; i++)
1407                         printf("\n                %s",
1408                             key->cert->principals[i]);
1409                 printf("\n");
1410         }
1411         printf("        Constraints: ");
1412         if (buffer_len(&key->cert->constraints) == 0)
1413                 printf("(none)\n");
1414         else {
1415                 printf("\n");
1416                 buffer_init(&constraints);
1417                 buffer_append(&constraints,
1418                     buffer_ptr(&key->cert->constraints),
1419                     buffer_len(&key->cert->constraints));
1420                 buffer_init(&constraint);
1421                 while (buffer_len(&constraints) != 0) {
1422                         name = buffer_get_string(&constraints, NULL);
1423                         data = buffer_get_string_ptr(&constraints, &dlen);
1424                         buffer_append(&constraint, data, dlen);
1425                         printf("                %s", name);
1426                         if (strcmp(name, "permit-X11-forwarding") == 0 ||
1427                             strcmp(name, "permit-agent-forwarding") == 0 ||
1428                             strcmp(name, "permit-port-forwarding") == 0 ||
1429                             strcmp(name, "permit-pty") == 0 ||
1430                             strcmp(name, "permit-user-rc") == 0)
1431                                 printf("\n");
1432                         else if (strcmp(name, "force-command") == 0 ||
1433                             strcmp(name, "source-address") == 0) {
1434                                 data = buffer_get_string(&constraint, NULL);
1435                                 printf(" %s\n", data);
1436                                 xfree(data);
1437                         } else {
1438                                 printf(" UNKNOWN CONSTRAINT (len %u)\n",
1439                                     buffer_len(&constraint));
1440                                 buffer_clear(&constraint);
1441                         }
1442                         xfree(name);
1443                         if (buffer_len(&constraint) != 0)
1444                                 fatal("Constraint corrupt: extra data at end");
1445                 }
1446                 buffer_free(&constraint);
1447                 buffer_free(&constraints);
1448         }
1449
1450         exit(0);
1451 }
1452
1453 static void
1454 usage(void)
1455 {
1456         fprintf(stderr, "usage: %s [options]\n", __progname);
1457         fprintf(stderr, "Options:\n");
1458         fprintf(stderr, "  -a trials   Number of trials for screening DH-GEX moduli.\n");
1459         fprintf(stderr, "  -B          Show bubblebabble digest of key file.\n");
1460         fprintf(stderr, "  -b bits     Number of bits in the key to create.\n");
1461         fprintf(stderr, "  -C comment  Provide new comment.\n");
1462         fprintf(stderr, "  -c          Change comment in private and public key files.\n");
1463 #ifdef ENABLE_PKCS11
1464         fprintf(stderr, "  -D pkcs11   Download public key from pkcs11 token.\n");
1465 #endif
1466         fprintf(stderr, "  -e          Convert OpenSSH to RFC 4716 key file.\n");
1467         fprintf(stderr, "  -F hostname Find hostname in known hosts file.\n");
1468         fprintf(stderr, "  -f filename Filename of the key file.\n");
1469         fprintf(stderr, "  -G file     Generate candidates for DH-GEX moduli.\n");
1470         fprintf(stderr, "  -g          Use generic DNS resource record format.\n");
1471         fprintf(stderr, "  -H          Hash names in known_hosts file.\n");
1472         fprintf(stderr, "  -h          Generate host certificate instead of a user certificate.\n");
1473         fprintf(stderr, "  -I key_id   Key identifier to include in certificate.\n");
1474         fprintf(stderr, "  -i          Convert RFC 4716 to OpenSSH key file.\n");
1475         fprintf(stderr, "  -L          Print the contents of a certificate.\n");
1476         fprintf(stderr, "  -l          Show fingerprint of key file.\n");
1477         fprintf(stderr, "  -M memory   Amount of memory (MB) to use for generating DH-GEX moduli.\n");
1478         fprintf(stderr, "  -n name,... User/host principal names to include in certificate\n");
1479         fprintf(stderr, "  -N phrase   Provide new passphrase.\n");
1480         fprintf(stderr, "  -O cnstr    Specify a certificate constraint.\n");
1481         fprintf(stderr, "  -P phrase   Provide old passphrase.\n");
1482         fprintf(stderr, "  -p          Change passphrase of private key file.\n");
1483         fprintf(stderr, "  -q          Quiet.\n");
1484         fprintf(stderr, "  -R hostname Remove host from known_hosts file.\n");
1485         fprintf(stderr, "  -r hostname Print DNS resource record.\n");
1486         fprintf(stderr, "  -s ca_key   Certify keys with CA key.\n");
1487         fprintf(stderr, "  -S start    Start point (hex) for generating DH-GEX moduli.\n");
1488         fprintf(stderr, "  -T file     Screen candidates for DH-GEX moduli.\n");
1489         fprintf(stderr, "  -t type     Specify type of key to create.\n");
1490         fprintf(stderr, "  -V from:to  Specify certificate validity interval.\n");
1491         fprintf(stderr, "  -v          Verbose.\n");
1492         fprintf(stderr, "  -W gen      Generator to use for generating DH-GEX moduli.\n");
1493         fprintf(stderr, "  -y          Read private key file and print public key.\n");
1494
1495         exit(1);
1496 }
1497
1498 /*
1499  * Main program for key management.
1500  */
1501 int
1502 main(int argc, char **argv)
1503 {
1504         char dotsshdir[MAXPATHLEN], comment[1024], *passphrase1, *passphrase2;
1505         char out_file[MAXPATHLEN], *pkcs11provider = NULL;
1506         char *rr_hostname = NULL;
1507         Key *private, *public;
1508         struct passwd *pw;
1509         struct stat st;
1510         int opt, type, fd;
1511         u_int32_t memory = 0, generator_wanted = 0, trials = 100;
1512         int do_gen_candidates = 0, do_screen_candidates = 0;
1513         BIGNUM *start = NULL;
1514         FILE *f;
1515         const char *errstr;
1516
1517         extern int optind;
1518         extern char *optarg;
1519
1520         /* Ensure that fds 0, 1 and 2 are open or directed to /dev/null */
1521         sanitise_stdfd();
1522
1523         __progname = ssh_get_progname(argv[0]);
1524
1525         SSLeay_add_all_algorithms();
1526         log_init(argv[0], SYSLOG_LEVEL_INFO, SYSLOG_FACILITY_USER, 1);
1527
1528         init_rng();
1529         seed_rng();
1530
1531         /* we need this for the home * directory.  */
1532         pw = getpwuid(getuid());
1533         if (!pw) {
1534                 printf("You don't exist, go away!\n");
1535                 exit(1);
1536         }
1537         if (gethostname(hostname, sizeof(hostname)) < 0) {
1538                 perror("gethostname");
1539                 exit(1);
1540         }
1541
1542         while ((opt = getopt(argc, argv, "degiqpclBHLhvxXyF:b:f:t:D:I:P:N:n:"
1543             "O:C:r:g:R:T:G:M:S:s:a:V:W:")) != -1) {
1544                 switch (opt) {
1545                 case 'b':
1546                         bits = (u_int32_t)strtonum(optarg, 768, 32768, &errstr);
1547                         if (errstr)
1548                                 fatal("Bits has bad value %s (%s)",
1549                                         optarg, errstr);
1550                         break;
1551                 case 'F':
1552                         find_host = 1;
1553                         rr_hostname = optarg;
1554                         break;
1555                 case 'H':
1556                         hash_hosts = 1;
1557                         break;
1558                 case 'I':
1559                         cert_key_id = optarg;
1560                         break;
1561                 case 'R':
1562                         delete_host = 1;
1563                         rr_hostname = optarg;
1564                         break;
1565                 case 'L':
1566                         show_cert = 1;
1567                         break;
1568                 case 'l':
1569                         print_fingerprint = 1;
1570                         break;
1571                 case 'B':
1572                         print_bubblebabble = 1;
1573                         break;
1574                 case 'n':
1575                         cert_principals = optarg;
1576                         break;
1577                 case 'p':
1578                         change_passphrase = 1;
1579                         break;
1580                 case 'c':
1581                         change_comment = 1;
1582                         break;
1583                 case 'f':
1584                         if (strlcpy(identity_file, optarg, sizeof(identity_file)) >=
1585                             sizeof(identity_file))
1586                                 fatal("Identity filename too long");
1587                         have_identity = 1;
1588                         break;
1589                 case 'g':
1590                         print_generic = 1;
1591                         break;
1592                 case 'P':
1593                         identity_passphrase = optarg;
1594                         break;
1595                 case 'N':
1596                         identity_new_passphrase = optarg;
1597                         break;
1598                 case 'O':
1599                         add_cert_constraint(optarg);
1600                         break;
1601                 case 'C':
1602                         identity_comment = optarg;
1603                         break;
1604                 case 'q':
1605                         quiet = 1;
1606                         break;
1607                 case 'e':
1608                 case 'x':
1609                         /* export key */
1610                         convert_to_ssh2 = 1;
1611                         break;
1612                 case 'h':
1613                         cert_key_type = SSH2_CERT_TYPE_HOST;
1614                         constraint_flags = 0;
1615                         break;
1616                 case 'i':
1617                 case 'X':
1618                         /* import key */
1619                         convert_from_ssh2 = 1;
1620                         break;
1621                 case 'y':
1622                         print_public = 1;
1623                         break;
1624                 case 'd':
1625                         key_type_name = "dsa";
1626                         break;
1627                 case 's':
1628                         ca_key_path = optarg;
1629                         break;
1630                 case 't':
1631                         key_type_name = optarg;
1632                         break;
1633                 case 'D':
1634                         pkcs11provider = optarg;
1635                         break;
1636                 case 'v':
1637                         if (log_level == SYSLOG_LEVEL_INFO)
1638                                 log_level = SYSLOG_LEVEL_DEBUG1;
1639                         else {
1640                                 if (log_level >= SYSLOG_LEVEL_DEBUG1 &&
1641                                     log_level < SYSLOG_LEVEL_DEBUG3)
1642                                         log_level++;
1643                         }
1644                         break;
1645                 case 'r':
1646                         rr_hostname = optarg;
1647                         break;
1648                 case 'W':
1649                         generator_wanted = (u_int32_t)strtonum(optarg, 1,
1650                             UINT_MAX, &errstr);
1651                         if (errstr)
1652                                 fatal("Desired generator has bad value: %s (%s)",
1653                                         optarg, errstr);
1654                         break;
1655                 case 'a':
1656                         trials = (u_int32_t)strtonum(optarg, 1, UINT_MAX, &errstr);
1657                         if (errstr)
1658                                 fatal("Invalid number of trials: %s (%s)",
1659                                         optarg, errstr);
1660                         break;
1661                 case 'M':
1662                         memory = (u_int32_t)strtonum(optarg, 1, UINT_MAX, &errstr);
1663                         if (errstr) {
1664                                 fatal("Memory limit is %s: %s", errstr, optarg);
1665                         }
1666                         break;
1667                 case 'G':
1668                         do_gen_candidates = 1;
1669                         if (strlcpy(out_file, optarg, sizeof(out_file)) >=
1670                             sizeof(out_file))
1671                                 fatal("Output filename too long");
1672                         break;
1673                 case 'T':
1674                         do_screen_candidates = 1;
1675                         if (strlcpy(out_file, optarg, sizeof(out_file)) >=
1676                             sizeof(out_file))
1677                                 fatal("Output filename too long");
1678                         break;
1679                 case 'S':
1680                         /* XXX - also compare length against bits */
1681                         if (BN_hex2bn(&start, optarg) == 0)
1682                                 fatal("Invalid start point.");
1683                         break;
1684                 case 'V':
1685                         parse_cert_times(optarg);
1686                         break;
1687                 case '?':
1688                 default:
1689                         usage();
1690                 }
1691         }
1692
1693         /* reinit */
1694         log_init(argv[0], log_level, SYSLOG_FACILITY_USER, 1);
1695
1696         argv += optind;
1697         argc -= optind;
1698
1699         if (ca_key_path != NULL) {
1700                 if (argc < 1) {
1701                         printf("Too few arguments.\n");
1702                         usage();
1703                 }
1704         } else if (argc > 0) {
1705                 printf("Too many arguments.\n");
1706                 usage();
1707         }
1708         if (change_passphrase && change_comment) {
1709                 printf("Can only have one of -p and -c.\n");
1710                 usage();
1711         }
1712         if (print_fingerprint && (delete_host || hash_hosts)) {
1713                 printf("Cannot use -l with -D or -R.\n");
1714                 usage();
1715         }
1716         if (ca_key_path != NULL) {
1717                 if (cert_key_id == NULL)
1718                         fatal("Must specify key id (-I) when certifying");
1719                 do_ca_sign(pw, argc, argv);
1720         }
1721         if (show_cert)
1722                 do_show_cert(pw);
1723         if (delete_host || hash_hosts || find_host)
1724                 do_known_hosts(pw, rr_hostname);
1725         if (print_fingerprint || print_bubblebabble)
1726                 do_fingerprint(pw);
1727         if (change_passphrase)
1728                 do_change_passphrase(pw);
1729         if (change_comment)
1730                 do_change_comment(pw);
1731         if (convert_to_ssh2)
1732                 do_convert_to_ssh2(pw);
1733         if (convert_from_ssh2)
1734                 do_convert_from_ssh2(pw);
1735         if (print_public)
1736                 do_print_public(pw);
1737         if (rr_hostname != NULL) {
1738                 unsigned int n = 0;
1739
1740                 if (have_identity) {
1741                         n = do_print_resource_record(pw,
1742                             identity_file, rr_hostname);
1743                         if (n == 0) {
1744                                 perror(identity_file);
1745                                 exit(1);
1746                         }
1747                         exit(0);
1748                 } else {
1749
1750                         n += do_print_resource_record(pw,
1751                             _PATH_HOST_RSA_KEY_FILE, rr_hostname);
1752                         n += do_print_resource_record(pw,
1753                             _PATH_HOST_DSA_KEY_FILE, rr_hostname);
1754
1755                         if (n == 0)
1756                                 fatal("no keys found.");
1757                         exit(0);
1758                 }
1759         }
1760         if (pkcs11provider != NULL)
1761                 do_download(pw, pkcs11provider);
1762
1763         if (do_gen_candidates) {
1764                 FILE *out = fopen(out_file, "w");
1765
1766                 if (out == NULL) {
1767                         error("Couldn't open modulus candidate file \"%s\": %s",
1768                             out_file, strerror(errno));
1769                         return (1);
1770                 }
1771                 if (bits == 0)
1772                         bits = DEFAULT_BITS;
1773                 if (gen_candidates(out, memory, bits, start) != 0)
1774                         fatal("modulus candidate generation failed");
1775
1776                 return (0);
1777         }
1778
1779         if (do_screen_candidates) {
1780                 FILE *in;
1781                 FILE *out = fopen(out_file, "w");
1782
1783                 if (have_identity && strcmp(identity_file, "-") != 0) {
1784                         if ((in = fopen(identity_file, "r")) == NULL) {
1785                                 fatal("Couldn't open modulus candidate "
1786                                     "file \"%s\": %s", identity_file,
1787                                     strerror(errno));
1788                         }
1789                 } else
1790                         in = stdin;
1791
1792                 if (out == NULL) {
1793                         fatal("Couldn't open moduli file \"%s\": %s",
1794                             out_file, strerror(errno));
1795                 }
1796                 if (prime_test(in, out, trials, generator_wanted) != 0)
1797                         fatal("modulus screening failed");
1798                 return (0);
1799         }
1800
1801         arc4random_stir();
1802
1803         if (key_type_name == NULL)
1804                 key_type_name = "rsa";
1805
1806         type = key_type_from_name(key_type_name);
1807         if (type == KEY_UNSPEC) {
1808                 fprintf(stderr, "unknown key type %s\n", key_type_name);
1809                 exit(1);
1810         }
1811         if (bits == 0)
1812                 bits = (type == KEY_DSA) ? DEFAULT_BITS_DSA : DEFAULT_BITS;
1813         if (type == KEY_DSA && bits != 1024)
1814                 fatal("DSA keys must be 1024 bits");
1815         if (!quiet)
1816                 printf("Generating public/private %s key pair.\n", key_type_name);
1817         private = key_generate(type, bits);
1818         if (private == NULL) {
1819                 fprintf(stderr, "key_generate failed\n");
1820                 exit(1);
1821         }
1822         public  = key_from_private(private);
1823
1824         if (!have_identity)
1825                 ask_filename(pw, "Enter file in which to save the key");
1826
1827         /* Create ~/.ssh directory if it doesn't already exist. */
1828         snprintf(dotsshdir, sizeof dotsshdir, "%s/%s", pw->pw_dir, _PATH_SSH_USER_DIR);
1829         if (strstr(identity_file, dotsshdir) != NULL &&
1830             stat(dotsshdir, &st) < 0) {
1831                 if (mkdir(dotsshdir, 0700) < 0)
1832                         error("Could not create directory '%s'.", dotsshdir);
1833                 else if (!quiet)
1834                         printf("Created directory '%s'.\n", dotsshdir);
1835         }
1836         /* If the file already exists, ask the user to confirm. */
1837         if (stat(identity_file, &st) >= 0) {
1838                 char yesno[3];
1839                 printf("%s already exists.\n", identity_file);
1840                 printf("Overwrite (y/n)? ");
1841                 fflush(stdout);
1842                 if (fgets(yesno, sizeof(yesno), stdin) == NULL)
1843                         exit(1);
1844                 if (yesno[0] != 'y' && yesno[0] != 'Y')
1845                         exit(1);
1846         }
1847         /* Ask for a passphrase (twice). */
1848         if (identity_passphrase)
1849                 passphrase1 = xstrdup(identity_passphrase);
1850         else if (identity_new_passphrase)
1851                 passphrase1 = xstrdup(identity_new_passphrase);
1852         else {
1853 passphrase_again:
1854                 passphrase1 =
1855                         read_passphrase("Enter passphrase (empty for no "
1856                             "passphrase): ", RP_ALLOW_STDIN);
1857                 passphrase2 = read_passphrase("Enter same passphrase again: ",
1858                     RP_ALLOW_STDIN);
1859                 if (strcmp(passphrase1, passphrase2) != 0) {
1860                         /*
1861                          * The passphrases do not match.  Clear them and
1862                          * retry.
1863                          */
1864                         memset(passphrase1, 0, strlen(passphrase1));
1865                         memset(passphrase2, 0, strlen(passphrase2));
1866                         xfree(passphrase1);
1867                         xfree(passphrase2);
1868                         printf("Passphrases do not match.  Try again.\n");
1869                         goto passphrase_again;
1870                 }
1871                 /* Clear the other copy of the passphrase. */
1872                 memset(passphrase2, 0, strlen(passphrase2));
1873                 xfree(passphrase2);
1874         }
1875
1876         if (identity_comment) {
1877                 strlcpy(comment, identity_comment, sizeof(comment));
1878         } else {
1879                 /* Create default comment field for the passphrase. */
1880                 snprintf(comment, sizeof comment, "%s@%s", pw->pw_name, hostname);
1881         }
1882
1883         /* Save the key with the given passphrase and comment. */
1884         if (!key_save_private(private, identity_file, passphrase1, comment)) {
1885                 printf("Saving the key failed: %s.\n", identity_file);
1886                 memset(passphrase1, 0, strlen(passphrase1));
1887                 xfree(passphrase1);
1888                 exit(1);
1889         }
1890         /* Clear the passphrase. */
1891         memset(passphrase1, 0, strlen(passphrase1));
1892         xfree(passphrase1);
1893
1894         /* Clear the private key and the random number generator. */
1895         key_free(private);
1896         arc4random_stir();
1897
1898         if (!quiet)
1899                 printf("Your identification has been saved in %s.\n", identity_file);
1900
1901         strlcat(identity_file, ".pub", sizeof(identity_file));
1902         fd = open(identity_file, O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC, 0644);
1903         if (fd == -1) {
1904                 printf("Could not save your public key in %s\n", identity_file);
1905                 exit(1);
1906         }
1907         f = fdopen(fd, "w");
1908         if (f == NULL) {
1909                 printf("fdopen %s failed\n", identity_file);
1910                 exit(1);
1911         }
1912         if (!key_write(public, f))
1913                 fprintf(stderr, "write key failed\n");
1914         fprintf(f, " %s\n", comment);
1915         fclose(f);
1916
1917         if (!quiet) {
1918                 char *fp = key_fingerprint(public, SSH_FP_MD5, SSH_FP_HEX);
1919                 char *ra = key_fingerprint(public, SSH_FP_MD5,
1920                     SSH_FP_RANDOMART);
1921                 printf("Your public key has been saved in %s.\n",
1922                     identity_file);
1923                 printf("The key fingerprint is:\n");
1924                 printf("%s %s\n", fp, comment);
1925                 printf("The key's randomart image is:\n");
1926                 printf("%s\n", ra);
1927                 xfree(ra);
1928                 xfree(fp);
1929         }
1930
1931         key_free(public);
1932         exit(0);
1933 }