sbin/ping/ping.c

   1 /*
   2  * Copyright (c) 1989, 1993
   3  *      The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
   4  *
   5  * This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
   6  * Mike Muuss.
   7  *
   8  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
   9  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
  10  * are met:
  11  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
  12  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
  13  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
  14  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
  15  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
  16  * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
  17  *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
  18  *    without specific prior written permission.
  19  *
  20  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
  21  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
  22  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
  23  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
  24  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
  25  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
  26  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
  27  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
  28  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
  29  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
  30  * SUCH DAMAGE.
  31  */
  32
  33 #if 0
  34 #ifndef lint
  35 static const char copyright[] =
  36 "@(#) Copyright (c) 1989, 1993\n\
  37         The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.\n";
  38 #endif /* not lint */
  39
  40 #ifndef lint
  41 static char sccsid[] = "@(#)ping.c      8.1 (Berkeley) 6/5/93";
  42 #endif /* not lint */
  43 #endif
  44 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
  45 __FBSDID("$FreeBSD$");
  46
  47 /*
  48  *                      P I N G . C
  49  *
  50  * Using the Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) "ECHO" facility,
  51  * measure round-trip-delays and packet loss across network paths.
  52  *
  53  * Author -
  54  *      Mike Muuss
  55  *      U. S. Army Ballistic Research Laboratory
  56  *      December, 1983
  57  *
  58  * Status -
  59  *      Public Domain.  Distribution Unlimited.
  60  * Bugs -
  61  *      More statistics could always be gathered.
  62  *      This program has to run SUID to ROOT to access the ICMP socket.
  63  */
  64
  65 #include <sys/param.h>          /* NB: we rely on this for <sys/types.h> */
  66 #include <sys/socket.h>
  67 #include <sys/sysctl.h>
  68 #include <sys/time.h>
  69 #include <sys/uio.h>
  70
  71 #include <netinet/in.h>
  72 #include <netinet/in_systm.h>
  73 #include <netinet/ip.h>
  74 #include <netinet/ip_icmp.h>
  75 #include <netinet/ip_var.h>
  76 #include <arpa/inet.h>
  77
  78 #ifdef IPSEC
  79 #include <netipsec/ipsec.h>
  80 #endif /*IPSEC*/
  81
  82 #include <ctype.h>
  83 #include <err.h>
  84 #include <errno.h>
  85 #include <math.h>
  86 #include <netdb.h>
  87 #include <signal.h>
  88 #include <stdio.h>
  89 #include <stdlib.h>
  90 #include <string.h>
  91 #include <sysexits.h>
  92 #include <unistd.h>
  93
  94 #define INADDR_LEN      ((int)sizeof(in_addr_t))
  95 #define TIMEVAL_LEN     ((int)sizeof(struct tv32))
  96 #define MASK_LEN        (ICMP_MASKLEN - ICMP_MINLEN)
  97 #define TS_LEN          (ICMP_TSLEN - ICMP_MINLEN)
  98 #define DEFDATALEN      56              /* default data length */
  99 #define FLOOD_BACKOFF   20000           /* usecs to back off if F_FLOOD mode */
 100                                         /* runs out of buffer space */
 101 #define MAXIPLEN        (sizeof(struct ip) + MAX_IPOPTLEN)
 102 #define MAXICMPLEN      (ICMP_ADVLENMIN + MAX_IPOPTLEN)
 103 #define MAXWAIT         10000           /* max ms to wait for response */
 104 #define MAXALARM        (60 * 60)       /* max seconds for alarm timeout */
 105 #define MAXTOS          255
 106
 107 #define A(bit)          rcvd_tbl[(bit)>>3]      /* identify byte in array */
 108 #define B(bit)          (1 << ((bit) & 0x07))   /* identify bit in byte */
 109 #define SET(bit)        (A(bit) |= B(bit))
 110 #define CLR(bit)        (A(bit) &= (~B(bit)))
 111 #define TST(bit)        (A(bit) & B(bit))
 112
 113 struct tv32 {
 114         int32_t tv32_sec;
 115         int32_t tv32_usec;
 116 };
 117
 118 /* various options */
 119 int options;
 120 #define F_FLOOD         0x0001
 121 #define F_INTERVAL      0x0002
 122 #define F_NUMERIC       0x0004
 123 #define F_PINGFILLED    0x0008
 124 #define F_QUIET         0x0010
 125 #define F_RROUTE        0x0020
 126 #define F_SO_DEBUG      0x0040
 127 #define F_SO_DONTROUTE  0x0080
 128 #define F_VERBOSE       0x0100
 129 #define F_QUIET2        0x0200
 130 #define F_NOLOOP        0x0400
 131 #define F_MTTL          0x0800
 132 #define F_MIF           0x1000
 133 #define F_AUDIBLE       0x2000
 134 #ifdef IPSEC
 135 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
 136 #define F_POLICY        0x4000
 137 #endif /*IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC*/
 138 #endif /*IPSEC*/
 139 #define F_TTL           0x8000
 140 #define F_MISSED        0x10000
 141 #define F_ONCE          0x20000
 142 #define F_HDRINCL       0x40000
 143 #define F_MASK          0x80000
 144 #define F_TIME          0x100000
 145 #define F_SWEEP         0x200000
 146 #define F_WAITTIME      0x400000
 147
 148 /*
 149  * MAX_DUP_CHK is the number of bits in received table, i.e. the maximum
 150  * number of received sequence numbers we can keep track of.  Change 128
 151  * to 8192 for complete accuracy...
 152  */
 153 #define MAX_DUP_CHK     (8 * 128)
 154 int mx_dup_ck = MAX_DUP_CHK;
 155 char rcvd_tbl[MAX_DUP_CHK / 8];
 156
 157 struct sockaddr_in whereto;     /* who to ping */
 158 int datalen = DEFDATALEN;
 159 int maxpayload;
 160 int s;                          /* socket file descriptor */
 161 u_char outpackhdr[IP_MAXPACKET], *outpack;
 162 char BBELL = '\a';              /* characters written for MISSED and AUDIBLE */
 163 char BSPACE = '\b';             /* characters written for flood */
 164 char DOT = '.';
 165 char *hostname;
 166 char *shostname;
 167 int ident;                      /* process id to identify our packets */
 168 int uid;                        /* cached uid for micro-optimization */
 169 u_char icmp_type = ICMP_ECHO;
 170 u_char icmp_type_rsp = ICMP_ECHOREPLY;
 171 int phdr_len = 0;
 172 int send_len;
 173
 174 /* counters */
 175 long nmissedmax;                /* max value of ntransmitted - nreceived - 1 */
 176 long npackets;                  /* max packets to transmit */
 177 long nreceived;                 /* # of packets we got back */
 178 long nrepeats;                  /* number of duplicates */
 179 long ntransmitted;              /* sequence # for outbound packets = #sent */
 180 long snpackets;                 /* max packets to transmit in one sweep */
 181 long snreceived;                /* # of packets we got back in this sweep */
 182 long sntransmitted;             /* # of packets we sent in this sweep */
 183 int sweepmax;                   /* max value of payload in sweep */
 184 int sweepmin = 0;               /* start value of payload in sweep */
 185 int sweepincr = 1;              /* payload increment in sweep */
 186 int interval = 1000;            /* interval between packets, ms */
 187 int waittime = MAXWAIT;         /* timeout for each packet */
 188 long nrcvtimeout = 0;           /* # of packets we got back after waittime */
 189
 190 /* timing */
 191 int timing;                     /* flag to do timing */
 192 double tmin = 999999999.0;      /* minimum round trip time */
 193 double tmax = 0.0;              /* maximum round trip time */
 194 double tsum = 0.0;              /* sum of all times, for doing average */
 195 double tsumsq = 0.0;            /* sum of all times squared, for std. dev. */
 196
 197 volatile sig_atomic_t finish_up;  /* nonzero if we've been told to finish up */
 198 volatile sig_atomic_t siginfo_p;
 199
 200 static void fill(char *, char *);
 201 static u_short in_cksum(u_short *, int);
 202 static void check_status(void);
 203 static void finish(void) __dead2;
 204 static void pinger(void);
 205 static char *pr_addr(struct in_addr);
 206 static char *pr_ntime(n_time);
 207 static void pr_icmph(struct icmp *);
 208 static void pr_iph(struct ip *);
 209 static void pr_pack(char *, int, struct sockaddr_in *, struct timeval *);
 210 static void pr_retip(struct ip *);
 211 static void status(int);
 212 static void stopit(int);
 213 static void tvsub(struct timeval *, struct timeval *);
 214 static void usage(void) __dead2;
 215
 216 int
 217 main(argc, argv)
 218         int argc;
 219         char *const *argv;
 220 {
 221         struct sockaddr_in from, sock_in;
 222         struct in_addr ifaddr;
 223         struct timeval last, intvl;
 224         struct iovec iov;
 225         struct ip *ip;
 226         struct msghdr msg;
 227         struct sigaction si_sa;
 228         size_t sz;
 229         u_char *datap, packet[IP_MAXPACKET] __aligned(4);
 230         char *ep, *source, *target, *payload;
 231         struct hostent *hp;
 232 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
 233         char *policy_in, *policy_out;
 234 #endif
 235         struct sockaddr_in *to;
 236         double t;
 237         u_long alarmtimeout, ultmp;
 238         int almost_done, ch, df, hold, i, icmp_len, mib[4], preload, sockerrno,
 239             tos, ttl;
 240         char ctrl[CMSG_SPACE(sizeof(struct timeval))];
 241         char hnamebuf[MAXHOSTNAMELEN], snamebuf[MAXHOSTNAMELEN];
 242 #ifdef IP_OPTIONS
 243         char rspace[MAX_IPOPTLEN];      /* record route space */
 244 #endif
 245         unsigned char loop, mttl;
 246
 247         payload = source = NULL;
 248 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
 249         policy_in = policy_out = NULL;
 250 #endif
 251
 252         /*
 253          * Do the stuff that we need root priv's for *first*, and
 254          * then drop our setuid bit.  Save error reporting for
 255          * after arg parsing.
 256          */
 257         s = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_RAW, IPPROTO_ICMP);
 258         sockerrno = errno;
 259
 260         setuid(getuid());
 261         uid = getuid();
 262
 263         alarmtimeout = df = preload = tos = 0;
 264
 265         outpack = outpackhdr + sizeof(struct ip);
 266         while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv,
 267                 "Aac:DdfG:g:h:I:i:Ll:M:m:nop:QqRrS:s:T:t:vW:z:"
 268 #ifdef IPSEC
 269 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
 270                 "P:"
 271 #endif /*IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC*/
 272 #endif /*IPSEC*/
 273                 )) != -1)
 274         {
 275                 switch(ch) {
 276                 case 'A':
 277                         options |= F_MISSED;
 278                         break;
 279                 case 'a':
 280                         options |= F_AUDIBLE;
 281                         break;
 282                 case 'c':
 283                         ultmp = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
 284                         if (*ep || ep == optarg || ultmp > LONG_MAX || !ultmp)
 285                                 errx(EX_USAGE,
 286                                     "invalid count of packets to transmit: `%s'",
 287                                     optarg);
 288                         npackets = ultmp;
 289                         break;
 290                 case 'D':
 291                         options |= F_HDRINCL;
 292                         df = 1;
 293                         break;
 294                 case 'd':
 295                         options |= F_SO_DEBUG;
 296                         break;
 297                 case 'f':
 298                         if (uid) {
 299                                 errno = EPERM;
 300                                 err(EX_NOPERM, "-f flag");
 301                         }
 302                         options |= F_FLOOD;
 303                         setbuf(stdout, (char *)NULL);
 304                         break;
 305                 case 'G': /* Maximum packet size for ping sweep */
 306                         ultmp = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
 307                         if (*ep || ep == optarg)
 308                                 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid packet size: `%s'",
 309                                     optarg);
 310                         if (uid != 0 && ultmp > DEFDATALEN) {
 311                                 errno = EPERM;
 312                                 err(EX_NOPERM,
 313                                     "packet size too large: %lu > %u",
 314                                     ultmp, DEFDATALEN);
 315                         }
 316                         options |= F_SWEEP;
 317                         sweepmax = ultmp;
 318                         break;
 319                 case 'g': /* Minimum packet size for ping sweep */
 320                         ultmp = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
 321                         if (*ep || ep == optarg)
 322                                 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid packet size: `%s'",
 323                                     optarg);
 324                         if (uid != 0 && ultmp > DEFDATALEN) {
 325                                 errno = EPERM;
 326                                 err(EX_NOPERM,
 327                                     "packet size too large: %lu > %u",
 328                                     ultmp, DEFDATALEN);
 329                         }
 330                         options |= F_SWEEP;
 331                         sweepmin = ultmp;
 332                         break;
 333                 case 'h': /* Packet size increment for ping sweep */
 334                         ultmp = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
 335                         if (*ep || ep == optarg || ultmp < 1)
 336                                 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid increment size: `%s'",
 337                                     optarg);
 338                         if (uid != 0 && ultmp > DEFDATALEN) {
 339                                 errno = EPERM;
 340                                 err(EX_NOPERM,
 341                                     "packet size too large: %lu > %u",
 342                                     ultmp, DEFDATALEN);
 343                         }
 344                         options |= F_SWEEP;
 345                         sweepincr = ultmp;
 346                         break;
 347                 case 'I':               /* multicast interface */
 348                         if (inet_aton(optarg, &ifaddr) == 0)
 349                                 errx(EX_USAGE,
 350                                     "invalid multicast interface: `%s'",
 351                                     optarg);
 352                         options |= F_MIF;
 353                         break;
 354                 case 'i':               /* wait between sending packets */
 355                         t = strtod(optarg, &ep) * 1000.0;
 356                         if (*ep || ep == optarg || t > (double)INT_MAX)
 357                                 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid timing interval: `%s'",
 358                                     optarg);
 359                         options |= F_INTERVAL;
 360                         interval = (int)t;
 361                         if (uid && interval < 1000) {
 362                                 errno = EPERM;
 363                                 err(EX_NOPERM, "-i interval too short");
 364                         }
 365                         break;
 366                 case 'L':
 367                         options |= F_NOLOOP;
 368                         loop = 0;
 369                         break;
 370                 case 'l':
 371                         ultmp = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
 372                         if (*ep || ep == optarg || ultmp > INT_MAX)
 373                                 errx(EX_USAGE,
 374                                     "invalid preload value: `%s'", optarg);
 375                         if (uid) {
 376                                 errno = EPERM;
 377                                 err(EX_NOPERM, "-l flag");
 378                         }
 379                         preload = ultmp;
 380                         break;
 381                 case 'M':
 382                         switch(optarg[0]) {
 383                         case 'M':
 384                         case 'm':
 385                                 options |= F_MASK;
 386                                 break;
 387                         case 'T':
 388                         case 't':
 389                                 options |= F_TIME;
 390                                 break;
 391                         default:
 392                                 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid message: `%c'", optarg[0]);
 393                                 break;
 394                         }
 395                         break;
 396                 case 'm':               /* TTL */
 397                         ultmp = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
 398                         if (*ep || ep == optarg || ultmp > MAXTTL)
 399                                 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid TTL: `%s'", optarg);
 400                         ttl = ultmp;
 401                         options |= F_TTL;
 402                         break;
 403                 case 'n':
 404                         options |= F_NUMERIC;
 405                         break;
 406                 case 'o':
 407                         options |= F_ONCE;
 408                         break;
 409 #ifdef IPSEC
 410 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
 411                 case 'P':
 412                         options |= F_POLICY;
 413                         if (!strncmp("in", optarg, 2))
 414                                 policy_in = strdup(optarg);
 415                         else if (!strncmp("out", optarg, 3))
 416                                 policy_out = strdup(optarg);
 417                         else
 418                                 errx(1, "invalid security policy");
 419                         break;
 420 #endif /*IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC*/
 421 #endif /*IPSEC*/
 422                 case 'p':               /* fill buffer with user pattern */
 423                         options |= F_PINGFILLED;
 424                         payload = optarg;
 425                         break;
 426                 case 'Q':
 427                         options |= F_QUIET2;
 428                         break;
 429                 case 'q':
 430                         options |= F_QUIET;
 431                         break;
 432                 case 'R':
 433                         options |= F_RROUTE;
 434                         break;
 435                 case 'r':
 436                         options |= F_SO_DONTROUTE;
 437                         break;
 438                 case 'S':
 439                         source = optarg;
 440                         break;
 441                 case 's':               /* size of packet to send */
 442                         ultmp = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
 443                         if (*ep || ep == optarg)
 444                                 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid packet size: `%s'",
 445                                     optarg);
 446                         if (uid != 0 && ultmp > DEFDATALEN) {
 447                                 errno = EPERM;
 448                                 err(EX_NOPERM,
 449                                     "packet size too large: %lu > %u",
 450                                     ultmp, DEFDATALEN);
 451                         }
 452                         datalen = ultmp;
 453                         break;
 454                 case 'T':               /* multicast TTL */
 455                         ultmp = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
 456                         if (*ep || ep == optarg || ultmp > MAXTTL)
 457                                 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid multicast TTL: `%s'",
 458                                     optarg);
 459                         mttl = ultmp;
 460                         options |= F_MTTL;
 461                         break;
 462                 case 't':
 463                         alarmtimeout = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
 464                         if ((alarmtimeout < 1) || (alarmtimeout == ULONG_MAX))
 465                                 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid timeout: `%s'",
 466                                     optarg);
 467                         if (alarmtimeout > MAXALARM)
 468                                 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid timeout: `%s' > %d",
 469                                     optarg, MAXALARM);
 470                         alarm((int)alarmtimeout);
 471                         break;
 472                 case 'v':
 473                         options |= F_VERBOSE;
 474                         break;
 475                 case 'W':               /* wait ms for answer */
 476                         t = strtod(optarg, &ep);
 477                         if (*ep || ep == optarg || t > (double)INT_MAX)
 478                                 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid timing interval: `%s'",
 479                                     optarg);
 480                         options |= F_WAITTIME;
 481                         waittime = (int)t;
 482                         break;
 483                 case 'z':
 484                         options |= F_HDRINCL;
 485                         ultmp = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
 486                         if (*ep || ep == optarg || ultmp > MAXTOS)
 487                                 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid TOS: `%s'", optarg);
 488                         tos = ultmp;
 489                         break;
 490                 default:
 491                         usage();
 492                 }
 493         }
 494
 495         if (argc - optind != 1)
 496                 usage();
 497         target = argv[optind];
 498
 499         switch (options & (F_MASK|F_TIME)) {
 500         case 0: break;
 501         case F_MASK:
 502                 icmp_type = ICMP_MASKREQ;
 503                 icmp_type_rsp = ICMP_MASKREPLY;
 504                 phdr_len = MASK_LEN;
 505                 if (!(options & F_QUIET))
 506                         (void)printf("ICMP_MASKREQ\n");
 507                 break;
 508         case F_TIME:
 509                 icmp_type = ICMP_TSTAMP;
 510                 icmp_type_rsp = ICMP_TSTAMPREPLY;
 511                 phdr_len = TS_LEN;
 512                 if (!(options & F_QUIET))
 513                         (void)printf("ICMP_TSTAMP\n");
 514                 break;
 515         default:
 516                 errx(EX_USAGE, "ICMP_TSTAMP and ICMP_MASKREQ are exclusive.");
 517                 break;
 518         }
 519         icmp_len = sizeof(struct ip) + ICMP_MINLEN + phdr_len;
 520         if (options & F_RROUTE)
 521                 icmp_len += MAX_IPOPTLEN;
 522         maxpayload = IP_MAXPACKET - icmp_len;
 523         if (datalen > maxpayload)
 524                 errx(EX_USAGE, "packet size too large: %d > %d", datalen,
 525                     maxpayload);
 526         send_len = icmp_len + datalen;
 527         datap = &outpack[ICMP_MINLEN + phdr_len + TIMEVAL_LEN];
 528         if (options & F_PINGFILLED) {
 529                 fill((char *)datap, payload);
 530         }
 531         if (source) {
 532                 bzero((char *)&sock_in, sizeof(sock_in));
 533                 sock_in.sin_family = AF_INET;
 534                 if (inet_aton(source, &sock_in.sin_addr) != 0) {
 535                         shostname = source;
 536                 } else {
 537                         hp = gethostbyname2(source, AF_INET);
 538                         if (!hp)
 539                                 errx(EX_NOHOST, "cannot resolve %s: %s",
 540                                     source, hstrerror(h_errno));
 541
 542                         sock_in.sin_len = sizeof sock_in;
 543                         if ((unsigned)hp->h_length > sizeof(sock_in.sin_addr) ||
 544                             hp->h_length < 0)
 545                                 errx(1, "gethostbyname2: illegal address");
 546                         memcpy(&sock_in.sin_addr, hp->h_addr_list[0],
 547                             sizeof(sock_in.sin_addr));
 548                         (void)strncpy(snamebuf, hp->h_name,
 549                             sizeof(snamebuf) - 1);
 550                         snamebuf[sizeof(snamebuf) - 1] = '\0';
 551                         shostname = snamebuf;
 552                 }
 553                 if (bind(s, (struct sockaddr *)&sock_in, sizeof sock_in) == -1)
 554                         err(1, "bind");
 555         }
 556
 557         bzero(&whereto, sizeof(whereto));
 558         to = &whereto;
 559         to->sin_family = AF_INET;
 560         to->sin_len = sizeof *to;
 561         if (inet_aton(target, &to->sin_addr) != 0) {
 562                 hostname = target;
 563         } else {
 564                 hp = gethostbyname2(target, AF_INET);
 565                 if (!hp)
 566                         errx(EX_NOHOST, "cannot resolve %s: %s",
 567                             target, hstrerror(h_errno));
 568
 569                 if ((unsigned)hp->h_length > sizeof(to->sin_addr))
 570                         errx(1, "gethostbyname2 returned an illegal address");
 571                 memcpy(&to->sin_addr, hp->h_addr_list[0], sizeof to->sin_addr);
 572                 (void)strncpy(hnamebuf, hp->h_name, sizeof(hnamebuf) - 1);
 573                 hnamebuf[sizeof(hnamebuf) - 1] = '\0';
 574                 hostname = hnamebuf;
 575         }
 576
 577         if (options & F_FLOOD && options & F_INTERVAL)
 578                 errx(EX_USAGE, "-f and -i: incompatible options");
 579
 580         if (options & F_FLOOD && IN_MULTICAST(ntohl(to->sin_addr.s_addr)))
 581                 errx(EX_USAGE,
 582                     "-f flag cannot be used with multicast destination");
 583         if (options & (F_MIF | F_NOLOOP | F_MTTL)
 584             && !IN_MULTICAST(ntohl(to->sin_addr.s_addr)))
 585                 errx(EX_USAGE,
 586                     "-I, -L, -T flags cannot be used with unicast destination");
 587
 588         if (datalen >= TIMEVAL_LEN)     /* can we time transfer */
 589                 timing = 1;
 590
 591         if (!(options & F_PINGFILLED))
 592                 for (i = TIMEVAL_LEN; i < datalen; ++i)
 593                         *datap++ = i;
 594
 595         ident = getpid() & 0xFFFF;
 596
 597         if (s < 0) {
 598                 errno = sockerrno;
 599                 err(EX_OSERR, "socket");
 600         }
 601         hold = 1;
 602         if (options & F_SO_DEBUG)
 603                 (void)setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_DEBUG, (char *)&hold,
 604                     sizeof(hold));
 605         if (options & F_SO_DONTROUTE)
 606                 (void)setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_DONTROUTE, (char *)&hold,
 607                     sizeof(hold));
 608 #ifdef IPSEC
 609 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
 610         if (options & F_POLICY) {
 611                 char *buf;
 612                 if (policy_in != NULL) {
 613                         buf = ipsec_set_policy(policy_in, strlen(policy_in));
 614                         if (buf == NULL)
 615                                 errx(EX_CONFIG, "%s", ipsec_strerror());
 616                         if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_IPSEC_POLICY,
 617                                         buf, ipsec_get_policylen(buf)) < 0)
 618                                 err(EX_CONFIG,
 619                                     "ipsec policy cannot be configured");
 620                         free(buf);
 621                 }
 622
 623                 if (policy_out != NULL) {
 624                         buf = ipsec_set_policy(policy_out, strlen(policy_out));
 625                         if (buf == NULL)
 626                                 errx(EX_CONFIG, "%s", ipsec_strerror());
 627                         if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_IPSEC_POLICY,
 628                                         buf, ipsec_get_policylen(buf)) < 0)
 629                                 err(EX_CONFIG,
 630                                     "ipsec policy cannot be configured");
 631                         free(buf);
 632                 }
 633         }
 634 #endif /*IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC*/
 635 #endif /*IPSEC*/
 636
 637         if (options & F_HDRINCL) {
 638                 ip = (struct ip*)outpackhdr;
 639                 if (!(options & (F_TTL | F_MTTL))) {
 640                         mib[0] = CTL_NET;
 641                         mib[1] = PF_INET;
 642                         mib[2] = IPPROTO_IP;
 643                         mib[3] = IPCTL_DEFTTL;
 644                         sz = sizeof(ttl);
 645                         if (sysctl(mib, 4, &ttl, &sz, NULL, 0) == -1)
 646                                 err(1, "sysctl(net.inet.ip.ttl)");
 647                 }
 648                 setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_HDRINCL, &hold, sizeof(hold));
 649                 ip->ip_v = IPVERSION;
 650                 ip->ip_hl = sizeof(struct ip) >> 2;
 651                 ip->ip_tos = tos;
 652                 ip->ip_id = 0;
 653                 ip->ip_off = df ? IP_DF : 0;
 654                 ip->ip_ttl = ttl;
 655                 ip->ip_p = IPPROTO_ICMP;
 656                 ip->ip_src.s_addr = source ? sock_in.sin_addr.s_addr : INADDR_ANY;
 657                 ip->ip_dst = to->sin_addr;
 658         }
 659         /* record route option */
 660         if (options & F_RROUTE) {
 661 #ifdef IP_OPTIONS
 662                 bzero(rspace, sizeof(rspace));
 663                 rspace[IPOPT_OPTVAL] = IPOPT_RR;
 664                 rspace[IPOPT_OLEN] = sizeof(rspace) - 1;
 665                 rspace[IPOPT_OFFSET] = IPOPT_MINOFF;
 666                 rspace[sizeof(rspace) - 1] = IPOPT_EOL;
 667                 if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_OPTIONS, rspace,
 668                     sizeof(rspace)) < 0)
 669                         err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt IP_OPTIONS");
 670 #else
 671                 errx(EX_UNAVAILABLE,
 672                     "record route not available in this implementation");
 673 #endif /* IP_OPTIONS */
 674         }
 675
 676         if (options & F_TTL) {
 677                 if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_TTL, &ttl,
 678                     sizeof(ttl)) < 0) {
 679                         err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt IP_TTL");
 680                 }
 681         }
 682         if (options & F_NOLOOP) {
 683                 if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_MULTICAST_LOOP, &loop,
 684                     sizeof(loop)) < 0) {
 685                         err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt IP_MULTICAST_LOOP");
 686                 }
 687         }
 688         if (options & F_MTTL) {
 689                 if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_MULTICAST_TTL, &mttl,
 690                     sizeof(mttl)) < 0) {
 691                         err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt IP_MULTICAST_TTL");
 692                 }
 693         }
 694         if (options & F_MIF) {
 695                 if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_MULTICAST_IF, &ifaddr,
 696                     sizeof(ifaddr)) < 0) {
 697                         err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt IP_MULTICAST_IF");
 698                 }
 699         }
 700 #ifdef SO_TIMESTAMP
 701         { int on = 1;
 702         if (setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_TIMESTAMP, &on, sizeof(on)) < 0)
 703                 err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt SO_TIMESTAMP");
 704         }
 705 #endif
 706         if (sweepmax) {
 707                 if (sweepmin >= sweepmax)
 708                         errx(EX_USAGE, "Maximum packet size must be greater than the minimum packet size");
 709
 710                 if (datalen != DEFDATALEN)
 711                         errx(EX_USAGE, "Packet size and ping sweep are mutually exclusive");
 712
 713                 if (npackets > 0) {
 714                         snpackets = npackets;
 715                         npackets = 0;
 716                 } else
 717                         snpackets = 1;
 718                 datalen = sweepmin;
 719                 send_len = icmp_len + sweepmin;
 720         }
 721         if (options & F_SWEEP && !sweepmax)
 722                 errx(EX_USAGE, "Maximum sweep size must be specified");
 723
 724         /*
 725          * When pinging the broadcast address, you can get a lot of answers.
 726          * Doing something so evil is useful if you are trying to stress the
 727          * ethernet, or just want to fill the arp cache to get some stuff for
 728          * /etc/ethers.  But beware: RFC 1122 allows hosts to ignore broadcast
 729          * or multicast pings if they wish.
 730          */
 731
 732         /*
 733          * XXX receive buffer needs undetermined space for mbuf overhead
 734          * as well.
 735          */
 736         hold = IP_MAXPACKET + 128;
 737         (void)setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, (char *)&hold,
 738             sizeof(hold));
 739         if (uid == 0)
 740                 (void)setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, (char *)&hold,
 741                     sizeof(hold));
 742
 743         if (to->sin_family == AF_INET) {
 744                 (void)printf("PING %s (%s)", hostname,
 745                     inet_ntoa(to->sin_addr));
 746                 if (source)
 747                         (void)printf(" from %s", shostname);
 748                 if (sweepmax)
 749                         (void)printf(": (%d ... %d) data bytes\n",
 750                             sweepmin, sweepmax);
 751                 else
 752                         (void)printf(": %d data bytes\n", datalen);
 753
 754         } else {
 755                 if (sweepmax)
 756                         (void)printf("PING %s: (%d ... %d) data bytes\n",
 757                             hostname, sweepmin, sweepmax);
 758                 else
 759                         (void)printf("PING %s: %d data bytes\n", hostname, datalen);
 760         }
 761
 762         /*
 763          * Use sigaction() instead of signal() to get unambiguous semantics,
 764          * in particular with SA_RESTART not set.
 765          */
 766
 767         sigemptyset(&si_sa.sa_mask);
 768         si_sa.sa_flags = 0;
 769
 770         si_sa.sa_handler = stopit;
 771         if (sigaction(SIGINT, &si_sa, 0) == -1) {
 772                 err(EX_OSERR, "sigaction SIGINT");
 773         }
 774
 775         si_sa.sa_handler = status;
 776         if (sigaction(SIGINFO, &si_sa, 0) == -1) {
 777                 err(EX_OSERR, "sigaction");
 778         }
 779
 780         if (alarmtimeout > 0) {
 781                 si_sa.sa_handler = stopit;
 782                 if (sigaction(SIGALRM, &si_sa, 0) == -1)
 783                         err(EX_OSERR, "sigaction SIGALRM");
 784         }
 785
 786         bzero(&msg, sizeof(msg));
 787         msg.msg_name = (caddr_t)&from;
 788         msg.msg_iov = &iov;
 789         msg.msg_iovlen = 1;
 790 #ifdef SO_TIMESTAMP
 791         msg.msg_control = (caddr_t)ctrl;
 792 #endif
 793         iov.iov_base = packet;
 794         iov.iov_len = IP_MAXPACKET;
 795
 796         if (preload == 0)
 797                 pinger();               /* send the first ping */
 798         else {
 799                 if (npackets != 0 && preload > npackets)
 800                         preload = npackets;
 801                 while (preload--)       /* fire off them quickies */
 802                         pinger();
 803         }
 804         (void)gettimeofday(&last, NULL);
 805
 806         if (options & F_FLOOD) {
 807                 intvl.tv_sec = 0;
 808                 intvl.tv_usec = 10000;
 809         } else {
 810                 intvl.tv_sec = interval / 1000;
 811                 intvl.tv_usec = interval % 1000 * 1000;
 812         }
 813
 814         almost_done = 0;
 815         while (!finish_up) {
 816                 struct timeval now, timeout;
 817                 fd_set rfds;
 818                 int cc, n;
 819
 820                 check_status();
 821                 if ((unsigned)s >= FD_SETSIZE)
 822                         errx(EX_OSERR, "descriptor too large");
 823                 FD_ZERO(&rfds);
 824                 FD_SET(s, &rfds);
 825                 (void)gettimeofday(&now, NULL);
 826                 timeout.tv_sec = last.tv_sec + intvl.tv_sec - now.tv_sec;
 827                 timeout.tv_usec = last.tv_usec + intvl.tv_usec - now.tv_usec;
 828                 while (timeout.tv_usec < 0) {
 829                         timeout.tv_usec += 1000000;
 830                         timeout.tv_sec--;
 831                 }
 832                 while (timeout.tv_usec >= 1000000) {
 833                         timeout.tv_usec -= 1000000;
 834                         timeout.tv_sec++;
 835                 }
 836                 if (timeout.tv_sec < 0)
 837                         timeout.tv_sec = timeout.tv_usec = 0;
 838                 n = select(s + 1, &rfds, NULL, NULL, &timeout);
 839                 if (n < 0)
 840                         continue;       /* Must be EINTR. */
 841                 if (n == 1) {
 842                         struct timeval *tv = NULL;
 843 #ifdef SO_TIMESTAMP
 844                         struct cmsghdr *cmsg = (struct cmsghdr *)&ctrl;
 845
 846                         msg.msg_controllen = sizeof(ctrl);
 847 #endif
 848                         msg.msg_namelen = sizeof(from);
 849                         if ((cc = recvmsg(s, &msg, 0)) < 0) {
 850                                 if (errno == EINTR)
 851                                         continue;
 852                                 warn("recvmsg");
 853                                 continue;
 854                         }
 855 #ifdef SO_TIMESTAMP
 856                         if (cmsg->cmsg_level == SOL_SOCKET &&
 857                             cmsg->cmsg_type == SCM_TIMESTAMP &&
 858                             cmsg->cmsg_len == CMSG_LEN(sizeof *tv)) {
 859                                 /* Copy to avoid alignment problems: */
 860                                 memcpy(&now, CMSG_DATA(cmsg), sizeof(now));
 861                                 tv = &now;
 862                         }
 863 #endif
 864                         if (tv == NULL) {
 865                                 (void)gettimeofday(&now, NULL);
 866                                 tv = &now;
 867                         }
 868                         pr_pack((char *)packet, cc, &from, tv);
 869                         if ((options & F_ONCE && nreceived) ||
 870                             (npackets && nreceived >= npackets))
 871                                 break;
 872                 }
 873                 if (n == 0 || options & F_FLOOD) {
 874                         if (sweepmax && sntransmitted == snpackets) {
 875                                 for (i = 0; i < sweepincr ; ++i)
 876                                         *datap++ = i;
 877                                 datalen += sweepincr;
 878                                 if (datalen > sweepmax)
 879                                         break;
 880                                 send_len = icmp_len + datalen;
 881                                 sntransmitted = 0;
 882                         }
 883                         if (!npackets || ntransmitted < npackets)
 884                                 pinger();
 885                         else {
 886                                 if (almost_done)
 887                                         break;
 888                                 almost_done = 1;
 889                                 intvl.tv_usec = 0;
 890                                 if (nreceived) {
 891                                         intvl.tv_sec = 2 * tmax / 1000;
 892                                         if (!intvl.tv_sec)
 893                                                 intvl.tv_sec = 1;
 894                                 } else {
 895                                         intvl.tv_sec = waittime / 1000;
 896                                         intvl.tv_usec = waittime % 1000 * 1000;
 897                                 }
 898                         }
 899                         (void)gettimeofday(&last, NULL);
 900                         if (ntransmitted - nreceived - 1 > nmissedmax) {
 901                                 nmissedmax = ntransmitted - nreceived - 1;
 902                                 if (options & F_MISSED)
 903                                         (void)write(STDOUT_FILENO, &BBELL, 1);
 904                         }
 905                 }
 906         }
 907         finish();
 908         /* NOTREACHED */
 909         exit(0);        /* Make the compiler happy */
 910 }
 911
 912 /*
 913  * stopit --
 914  *      Set the global bit that causes the main loop to quit.
 915  * Do NOT call finish() from here, since finish() does far too much
 916  * to be called from a signal handler.
 917  */
 918 void
 919 stopit(sig)
 920         int sig __unused;
 921 {
 922
 923         /*
 924          * When doing reverse DNS lookups, the finish_up flag might not
 925          * be noticed for a while.  Just exit if we get a second SIGINT.
 926          */
 927         if (!(options & F_NUMERIC) && finish_up)
 928                 _exit(nreceived ? 0 : 2);
 929         finish_up = 1;
 930 }
 931
 932 /*
 933  * pinger --
 934  *      Compose and transmit an ICMP ECHO REQUEST packet.  The IP packet
 935  * will be added on by the kernel.  The ID field is our UNIX process ID,
 936  * and the sequence number is an ascending integer.  The first TIMEVAL_LEN
 937  * bytes of the data portion are used to hold a UNIX "timeval" struct in
 938  * host byte-order, to compute the round-trip time.
 939  */
 940 static void
 941 pinger(void)
 942 {
 943         struct timeval now;
 944         struct tv32 tv32;
 945         struct ip *ip;
 946         struct icmp *icp;
 947         int cc, i;
 948         u_char *packet;
 949
 950         packet = outpack;
 951         icp = (struct icmp *)outpack;
 952         icp->icmp_type = icmp_type;
 953         icp->icmp_code = 0;
 954         icp->icmp_cksum = 0;
 955         icp->icmp_seq = htons(ntransmitted);
 956         icp->icmp_id = ident;                   /* ID */
 957
 958         CLR(ntransmitted % mx_dup_ck);
 959
 960         if ((options & F_TIME) || timing) {
 961                 (void)gettimeofday(&now, NULL);
 962
 963                 tv32.tv32_sec = htonl(now.tv_sec);
 964                 tv32.tv32_usec = htonl(now.tv_usec);
 965                 if (options & F_TIME)
 966                         icp->icmp_otime = htonl((now.tv_sec % (24*60*60))
 967                                 * 1000 + now.tv_usec / 1000);
 968                 if (timing)
 969                         bcopy((void *)&tv32,
 970                             (void *)&outpack[ICMP_MINLEN + phdr_len],
 971                             sizeof(tv32));
 972         }
 973
 974         cc = ICMP_MINLEN + phdr_len + datalen;
 975
 976         /* compute ICMP checksum here */
 977         icp->icmp_cksum = in_cksum((u_short *)icp, cc);
 978
 979         if (options & F_HDRINCL) {
 980                 cc += sizeof(struct ip);
 981                 ip = (struct ip *)outpackhdr;
 982                 ip->ip_len = cc;
 983                 ip->ip_sum = in_cksum((u_short *)outpackhdr, cc);
 984                 packet = outpackhdr;
 985         }
 986         i = sendto(s, (char *)packet, cc, 0, (struct sockaddr *)&whereto,
 987             sizeof(whereto));
 988
 989         if (i < 0 || i != cc)  {
 990                 if (i < 0) {
 991                         if (options & F_FLOOD && errno == ENOBUFS) {
 992                                 usleep(FLOOD_BACKOFF);
 993                                 return;
 994                         }
 995                         warn("sendto");
 996                 } else {
 997                         warn("%s: partial write: %d of %d bytes",
 998                              hostname, i, cc);
 999                 }
1000         }
1001         ntransmitted++;
1002         sntransmitted++;
1003         if (!(options & F_QUIET) && options & F_FLOOD)
1004                 (void)write(STDOUT_FILENO, &DOT, 1);
1005 }
1006
1007 /*
1008  * pr_pack --
1009  *      Print out the packet, if it came from us.  This logic is necessary
1010  * because ALL readers of the ICMP socket get a copy of ALL ICMP packets
1011  * which arrive ('tis only fair).  This permits multiple copies of this
1012  * program to be run without having intermingled output (or statistics!).
1013  */
1014 static void
1015 pr_pack(buf, cc, from, tv)
1016         char *buf;
1017         int cc;
1018         struct sockaddr_in *from;
1019         struct timeval *tv;
1020 {
1021         struct in_addr ina;
1022         u_char *cp, *dp;
1023         struct icmp *icp;
1024         struct ip *ip;
1025         const void *tp;
1026         double triptime;
1027         int dupflag, hlen, i, j, recv_len, seq;
1028         static int old_rrlen;
1029         static char old_rr[MAX_IPOPTLEN];
1030
1031         /* Check the IP header */
1032         ip = (struct ip *)buf;
1033         hlen = ip->ip_hl << 2;
1034         recv_len = cc;
1035         if (cc < hlen + ICMP_MINLEN) {
1036                 if (options & F_VERBOSE)
1037                         warn("packet too short (%d bytes) from %s", cc,
1038                              inet_ntoa(from->sin_addr));
1039                 return;
1040         }
1041
1042         /* Now the ICMP part */
1043         cc -= hlen;
1044         icp = (struct icmp *)(buf + hlen);
1045         if (icp->icmp_type == icmp_type_rsp) {
1046                 if (icp->icmp_id != ident)
1047                         return;                 /* 'Twas not our ECHO */
1048                 ++nreceived;
1049                 triptime = 0.0;
1050                 if (timing) {
1051                         struct timeval tv1;
1052                         struct tv32 tv32;
1053 #ifndef icmp_data
1054                         tp = &icp->icmp_ip;
1055 #else
1056                         tp = icp->icmp_data;
1057 #endif
1058                         tp = (const char *)tp + phdr_len;
1059
1060                         if (cc - ICMP_MINLEN - phdr_len >= sizeof(tv1)) {
1061                                 /* Copy to avoid alignment problems: */
1062                                 memcpy(&tv32, tp, sizeof(tv32));
1063                                 tv1.tv_sec = ntohl(tv32.tv32_sec);
1064                                 tv1.tv_usec = ntohl(tv32.tv32_usec);
1065                                 tvsub(tv, &tv1);
1066                                 triptime = ((double)tv->tv_sec) * 1000.0 +
1067                                     ((double)tv->tv_usec) / 1000.0;
1068                                 tsum += triptime;
1069                                 tsumsq += triptime * triptime;
1070                                 if (triptime < tmin)
1071                                         tmin = triptime;
1072                                 if (triptime > tmax)
1073                                         tmax = triptime;
1074                         } else
1075                                 timing = 0;
1076                 }
1077
1078                 seq = ntohs(icp->icmp_seq);
1079
1080                 if (TST(seq % mx_dup_ck)) {
1081                         ++nrepeats;
1082                         --nreceived;
1083                         dupflag = 1;
1084                 } else {
1085                         SET(seq % mx_dup_ck);
1086                         dupflag = 0;
1087                 }
1088
1089                 if (options & F_QUIET)
1090                         return;
1091
1092                 if (options & F_WAITTIME && triptime > waittime) {
1093                         ++nrcvtimeout;
1094                         return;
1095                 }
1096
1097                 if (options & F_FLOOD)
1098                         (void)write(STDOUT_FILENO, &BSPACE, 1);
1099                 else {
1100                         (void)printf("%d bytes from %s: icmp_seq=%u", cc,
1101                            inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr *)&from->sin_addr.s_addr),
1102                            seq);
1103                         (void)printf(" ttl=%d", ip->ip_ttl);
1104                         if (timing)
1105                                 (void)printf(" time=%.3f ms", triptime);
1106                         if (dupflag)
1107                                 (void)printf(" (DUP!)");
1108                         if (options & F_AUDIBLE)
1109                                 (void)write(STDOUT_FILENO, &BBELL, 1);
1110                         if (options & F_MASK) {
1111                                 /* Just prentend this cast isn't ugly */
1112                                 (void)printf(" mask=%s",
1113                                         pr_addr(*(struct in_addr *)&(icp->icmp_mask)));
1114                         }
1115                         if (options & F_TIME) {
1116                                 (void)printf(" tso=%s", pr_ntime(icp->icmp_otime));
1117                                 (void)printf(" tsr=%s", pr_ntime(icp->icmp_rtime));
1118                                 (void)printf(" tst=%s", pr_ntime(icp->icmp_ttime));
1119                         }
1120                         if (recv_len != send_len) {
1121                                 (void)printf(
1122                                      "\nwrong total length %d instead of %d",
1123                                      recv_len, send_len);
1124                         }
1125                         /* check the data */
1126                         cp = (u_char*)&icp->icmp_data[phdr_len];
1127                         dp = &outpack[ICMP_MINLEN + phdr_len];
1128                         cc -= ICMP_MINLEN + phdr_len;
1129                         i = 0;
1130                         if (timing) {   /* don't check variable timestamp */
1131                                 cp += TIMEVAL_LEN;
1132                                 dp += TIMEVAL_LEN;
1133                                 cc -= TIMEVAL_LEN;
1134                                 i += TIMEVAL_LEN;
1135                         }
1136                         for (; i < datalen && cc > 0; ++i, ++cp, ++dp, --cc) {
1137                                 if (*cp != *dp) {
1138         (void)printf("\nwrong data byte #%d should be 0x%x but was 0x%x",
1139             i, *dp, *cp);
1140                                         (void)printf("\ncp:");
1141                                         cp = (u_char*)&icp->icmp_data[0];
1142                                         for (i = 0; i < datalen; ++i, ++cp) {
1143                                                 if ((i % 16) == 8)
1144                                                         (void)printf("\n\t");
1145                                                 (void)printf("%2x ", *cp);
1146                                         }
1147                                         (void)printf("\ndp:");
1148                                         cp = &outpack[ICMP_MINLEN];
1149                                         for (i = 0; i < datalen; ++i, ++cp) {
1150                                                 if ((i % 16) == 8)
1151                                                         (void)printf("\n\t");
1152                                                 (void)printf("%2x ", *cp);
1153                                         }
1154                                         break;
1155                                 }
1156                         }
1157                 }
1158         } else {
1159                 /*
1160                  * We've got something other than an ECHOREPLY.
1161                  * See if it's a reply to something that we sent.
1162                  * We can compare IP destination, protocol,
1163                  * and ICMP type and ID.
1164                  *
1165                  * Only print all the error messages if we are running
1166                  * as root to avoid leaking information not normally
1167                  * available to those not running as root.
1168                  */
1169 #ifndef icmp_data
1170                 struct ip *oip = &icp->icmp_ip;
1171 #else
1172                 struct ip *oip = (struct ip *)icp->icmp_data;
1173 #endif
1174                 struct icmp *oicmp = (struct icmp *)(oip + 1);
1175
1176                 if (((options & F_VERBOSE) && uid == 0) ||
1177                     (!(options & F_QUIET2) &&
1178                      (oip->ip_dst.s_addr == whereto.sin_addr.s_addr) &&
1179                      (oip->ip_p == IPPROTO_ICMP) &&
1180                      (oicmp->icmp_type == ICMP_ECHO) &&
1181                      (oicmp->icmp_id == ident))) {
1182                     (void)printf("%d bytes from %s: ", cc,
1183                         pr_addr(from->sin_addr));
1184                     pr_icmph(icp);
1185                 } else
1186                     return;
1187         }
1188
1189         /* Display any IP options */
1190         cp = (u_char *)buf + sizeof(struct ip);
1191
1192         for (; hlen > (int)sizeof(struct ip); --hlen, ++cp)
1193                 switch (*cp) {
1194                 case IPOPT_EOL:
1195                         hlen = 0;
1196                         break;
1197                 case IPOPT_LSRR:
1198                 case IPOPT_SSRR:
1199                         (void)printf(*cp == IPOPT_LSRR ?
1200                             "\nLSRR: " : "\nSSRR: ");
1201                         j = cp[IPOPT_OLEN] - IPOPT_MINOFF + 1;
1202                         hlen -= 2;
1203                         cp += 2;
1204                         if (j >= INADDR_LEN &&
1205                             j <= hlen - (int)sizeof(struct ip)) {
1206                                 for (;;) {
1207                                         bcopy(++cp, &ina.s_addr, INADDR_LEN);
1208                                         if (ina.s_addr == 0)
1209                                                 (void)printf("\t0.0.0.0");
1210                                         else
1211                                                 (void)printf("\t%s",
1212                                                      pr_addr(ina));
1213                                         hlen -= INADDR_LEN;
1214                                         cp += INADDR_LEN - 1;
1215                                         j -= INADDR_LEN;
1216                                         if (j < INADDR_LEN)
1217                                                 break;
1218                                         (void)putchar('\n');
1219                                 }
1220                         } else
1221                                 (void)printf("\t(truncated route)\n");
1222                         break;
1223                 case IPOPT_RR:
1224                         j = cp[IPOPT_OLEN];             /* get length */
1225                         i = cp[IPOPT_OFFSET];           /* and pointer */
1226                         hlen -= 2;
1227                         cp += 2;
1228                         if (i > j)
1229                                 i = j;
1230                         i = i - IPOPT_MINOFF + 1;
1231                         if (i < 0 || i > (hlen - (int)sizeof(struct ip))) {
1232                                 old_rrlen = 0;
1233                                 continue;
1234                         }
1235                         if (i == old_rrlen
1236                             && !bcmp((char *)cp, old_rr, i)
1237                             && !(options & F_FLOOD)) {
1238                                 (void)printf("\t(same route)");
1239                                 hlen -= i;
1240                                 cp += i;
1241                                 break;
1242                         }
1243                         old_rrlen = i;
1244                         bcopy((char *)cp, old_rr, i);
1245                         (void)printf("\nRR: ");
1246                         if (i >= INADDR_LEN &&
1247                             i <= hlen - (int)sizeof(struct ip)) {
1248                                 for (;;) {
1249                                         bcopy(++cp, &ina.s_addr, INADDR_LEN);
1250                                         if (ina.s_addr == 0)
1251                                                 (void)printf("\t0.0.0.0");
1252                                         else
1253                                                 (void)printf("\t%s",
1254                                                      pr_addr(ina));
1255                                         hlen -= INADDR_LEN;
1256                                         cp += INADDR_LEN - 1;
1257                                         i -= INADDR_LEN;
1258                                         if (i < INADDR_LEN)
1259                                                 break;
1260                                         (void)putchar('\n');
1261                                 }
1262                         } else
1263                                 (void)printf("\t(truncated route)");
1264                         break;
1265                 case IPOPT_NOP:
1266                         (void)printf("\nNOP");
1267                         break;
1268                 default:
1269                         (void)printf("\nunknown option %x", *cp);
1270                         break;
1271                 }
1272         if (!(options & F_FLOOD)) {
1273                 (void)putchar('\n');
1274                 (void)fflush(stdout);
1275         }
1276 }
1277
1278 /*
1279  * in_cksum --
1280  *      Checksum routine for Internet Protocol family headers (C Version)
1281  */
1282 u_short
1283 in_cksum(addr, len)
1284         u_short *addr;
1285         int len;
1286 {
1287         int nleft, sum;
1288         u_short *w;
1289         union {
1290                 u_short us;
1291                 u_char  uc[2];
1292         } last;
1293         u_short answer;
1294
1295         nleft = len;
1296         sum = 0;
1297         w = addr;
1298
1299         /*
1300          * Our algorithm is simple, using a 32 bit accumulator (sum), we add
1301          * sequential 16 bit words to it, and at the end, fold back all the
1302          * carry bits from the top 16 bits into the lower 16 bits.
1303          */
1304         while (nleft > 1)  {
1305                 sum += *w++;
1306                 nleft -= 2;
1307         }
1308
1309         /* mop up an odd byte, if necessary */
1310         if (nleft == 1) {
1311                 last.uc[0] = *(u_char *)w;
1312                 last.uc[1] = 0;
1313                 sum += last.us;
1314         }
1315
1316         /* add back carry outs from top 16 bits to low 16 bits */
1317         sum = (sum >> 16) + (sum & 0xffff);     /* add hi 16 to low 16 */
1318         sum += (sum >> 16);                     /* add carry */
1319         answer = ~sum;                          /* truncate to 16 bits */
1320         return(answer);
1321 }
1322
1323 /*
1324  * tvsub --
1325  *      Subtract 2 timeval structs:  out = out - in.  Out is assumed to
1326  * be >= in.
1327  */
1328 static void
1329 tvsub(out, in)
1330         struct timeval *out, *in;
1331 {
1332
1333         if ((out->tv_usec -= in->tv_usec) < 0) {
1334                 --out->tv_sec;
1335                 out->tv_usec += 1000000;
1336         }
1337         out->tv_sec -= in->tv_sec;
1338 }
1339
1340 /*
1341  * status --
1342  *      Print out statistics when SIGINFO is received.
1343  */
1344
1345 static void
1346 status(sig)
1347         int sig __unused;
1348 {
1349
1350         siginfo_p = 1;
1351 }
1352
1353 static void
1354 check_status()
1355 {
1356
1357         if (siginfo_p) {
1358                 siginfo_p = 0;
1359                 (void)fprintf(stderr, "\r%ld/%ld packets received (%.1f%%)",
1360                     nreceived, ntransmitted,
1361                     ntransmitted ? nreceived * 100.0 / ntransmitted : 0.0);
1362                 if (nreceived && timing)
1363                         (void)fprintf(stderr, " %.3f min / %.3f avg / %.3f max",
1364                             tmin, tsum / (nreceived + nrepeats), tmax);
1365                 (void)fprintf(stderr, "\n");
1366         }
1367 }
1368
1369 /*
1370  * finish --
1371  *      Print out statistics, and give up.
1372  */
1373 static void
1374 finish()
1375 {
1376
1377         (void)signal(SIGINT, SIG_IGN);
1378         (void)signal(SIGALRM, SIG_IGN);
1379         (void)putchar('\n');
1380         (void)fflush(stdout);
1381         (void)printf("--- %s ping statistics ---\n", hostname);
1382         (void)printf("%ld packets transmitted, ", ntransmitted);
1383         (void)printf("%ld packets received, ", nreceived);
1384         if (nrepeats)
1385                 (void)printf("+%ld duplicates, ", nrepeats);
1386         if (ntransmitted) {
1387                 if (nreceived > ntransmitted)
1388                         (void)printf("-- somebody's printing up packets!");
1389                 else
1390                         (void)printf("%.1f%% packet loss",
1391                             ((ntransmitted - nreceived) * 100.0) /
1392                             ntransmitted);
1393         }
1394         if (nrcvtimeout)
1395                 (void)printf(", %ld packets out of wait time", nrcvtimeout);
1396         (void)putchar('\n');
1397         if (nreceived && timing) {
1398                 double n = nreceived + nrepeats;
1399                 double avg = tsum / n;
1400                 double vari = tsumsq / n - avg * avg;
1401                 (void)printf(
1402                     "round-trip min/avg/max/stddev = %.3f/%.3f/%.3f/%.3f ms\n",
1403                     tmin, avg, tmax, sqrt(vari));
1404         }
1405
1406         if (nreceived)
1407                 exit(0);
1408         else
1409                 exit(2);
1410 }
1411
1412 #ifdef notdef
1413 static char *ttab[] = {
1414         "Echo Reply",           /* ip + seq + udata */
1415         "Dest Unreachable",     /* net, host, proto, port, frag, sr + IP */
1416         "Source Quench",        /* IP */
1417         "Redirect",             /* redirect type, gateway, + IP  */
1418         "Echo",
1419         "Time Exceeded",        /* transit, frag reassem + IP */
1420         "Parameter Problem",    /* pointer + IP */
1421         "Timestamp",            /* id + seq + three timestamps */
1422         "Timestamp Reply",      /* " */
1423         "Info Request",         /* id + sq */
1424         "Info Reply"            /* " */
1425 };
1426 #endif
1427
1428 /*
1429  * pr_icmph --
1430  *      Print a descriptive string about an ICMP header.
1431  */
1432 static void
1433 pr_icmph(icp)
1434         struct icmp *icp;
1435 {
1436
1437         switch(icp->icmp_type) {
1438         case ICMP_ECHOREPLY:
1439                 (void)printf("Echo Reply\n");
1440                 /* XXX ID + Seq + Data */
1441                 break;
1442         case ICMP_UNREACH:
1443                 switch(icp->icmp_code) {
1444                 case ICMP_UNREACH_NET:
1445                         (void)printf("Destination Net Unreachable\n");
1446                         break;
1447                 case ICMP_UNREACH_HOST:
1448                         (void)printf("Destination Host Unreachable\n");
1449                         break;
1450                 case ICMP_UNREACH_PROTOCOL:
1451                         (void)printf("Destination Protocol Unreachable\n");
1452                         break;
1453                 case ICMP_UNREACH_PORT:
1454                         (void)printf("Destination Port Unreachable\n");
1455                         break;
1456                 case ICMP_UNREACH_NEEDFRAG:
1457                         (void)printf("frag needed and DF set (MTU %d)\n",
1458                                         ntohs(icp->icmp_nextmtu));
1459                         break;
1460                 case ICMP_UNREACH_SRCFAIL:
1461                         (void)printf("Source Route Failed\n");
1462                         break;
1463                 case ICMP_UNREACH_FILTER_PROHIB:
1464                         (void)printf("Communication prohibited by filter\n");
1465                         break;
1466                 default:
1467                         (void)printf("Dest Unreachable, Bad Code: %d\n",
1468                             icp->icmp_code);
1469                         break;
1470                 }
1471                 /* Print returned IP header information */
1472 #ifndef icmp_data
1473                 pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip);
1474 #else
1475                 pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data);
1476 #endif
1477                 break;
1478         case ICMP_SOURCEQUENCH:
1479                 (void)printf("Source Quench\n");
1480 #ifndef icmp_data
1481                 pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip);
1482 #else
1483                 pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data);
1484 #endif
1485                 break;
1486         case ICMP_REDIRECT:
1487                 switch(icp->icmp_code) {
1488                 case ICMP_REDIRECT_NET:
1489                         (void)printf("Redirect Network");
1490                         break;
1491                 case ICMP_REDIRECT_HOST:
1492                         (void)printf("Redirect Host");
1493                         break;
1494                 case ICMP_REDIRECT_TOSNET:
1495                         (void)printf("Redirect Type of Service and Network");
1496                         break;
1497                 case ICMP_REDIRECT_TOSHOST:
1498                         (void)printf("Redirect Type of Service and Host");
1499                         break;
1500                 default:
1501                         (void)printf("Redirect, Bad Code: %d", icp->icmp_code);
1502                         break;
1503                 }
1504                 (void)printf("(New addr: %s)\n", inet_ntoa(icp->icmp_gwaddr));
1505 #ifndef icmp_data
1506                 pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip);
1507 #else
1508                 pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data);
1509 #endif
1510                 break;
1511         case ICMP_ECHO:
1512                 (void)printf("Echo Request\n");
1513                 /* XXX ID + Seq + Data */
1514                 break;
1515         case ICMP_TIMXCEED:
1516                 switch(icp->icmp_code) {
1517                 case ICMP_TIMXCEED_INTRANS:
1518                         (void)printf("Time to live exceeded\n");
1519                         break;
1520                 case ICMP_TIMXCEED_REASS:
1521                         (void)printf("Frag reassembly time exceeded\n");
1522                         break;
1523                 default:
1524                         (void)printf("Time exceeded, Bad Code: %d\n",
1525                             icp->icmp_code);
1526                         break;
1527                 }
1528 #ifndef icmp_data
1529                 pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip);
1530 #else
1531                 pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data);
1532 #endif
1533                 break;
1534         case ICMP_PARAMPROB:
1535                 (void)printf("Parameter problem: pointer = 0x%02x\n",
1536                     icp->icmp_hun.ih_pptr);
1537 #ifndef icmp_data
1538                 pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip);
1539 #else
1540                 pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data);
1541 #endif
1542                 break;
1543         case ICMP_TSTAMP:
1544                 (void)printf("Timestamp\n");
1545                 /* XXX ID + Seq + 3 timestamps */
1546                 break;
1547         case ICMP_TSTAMPREPLY:
1548                 (void)printf("Timestamp Reply\n");
1549                 /* XXX ID + Seq + 3 timestamps */
1550                 break;
1551         case ICMP_IREQ:
1552                 (void)printf("Information Request\n");
1553                 /* XXX ID + Seq */
1554                 break;
1555         case ICMP_IREQREPLY:
1556                 (void)printf("Information Reply\n");
1557                 /* XXX ID + Seq */
1558                 break;
1559         case ICMP_MASKREQ:
1560                 (void)printf("Address Mask Request\n");
1561                 break;
1562         case ICMP_MASKREPLY:
1563                 (void)printf("Address Mask Reply\n");
1564                 break;
1565         case ICMP_ROUTERADVERT:
1566                 (void)printf("Router Advertisement\n");
1567                 break;
1568         case ICMP_ROUTERSOLICIT:
1569                 (void)printf("Router Solicitation\n");
1570                 break;
1571         default:
1572                 (void)printf("Bad ICMP type: %d\n", icp->icmp_type);
1573         }
1574 }
1575
1576 /*
1577  * pr_iph --
1578  *      Print an IP header with options.
1579  */
1580 static void
1581 pr_iph(ip)
1582         struct ip *ip;
1583 {
1584         u_char *cp;
1585         int hlen;
1586
1587         hlen = ip->ip_hl << 2;
1588         cp = (u_char *)ip + 20;         /* point to options */
1589
1590         (void)printf("Vr HL TOS  Len   ID Flg  off TTL Pro  cks      Src      Dst\n");
1591         (void)printf(" %1x  %1x  %02x %04x %04x",
1592             ip->ip_v, ip->ip_hl, ip->ip_tos, ntohs(ip->ip_len),
1593             ntohs(ip->ip_id));
1594         (void)printf("   %1lx %04lx",
1595             (u_long) (ntohl(ip->ip_off) & 0xe000) >> 13,
1596             (u_long) ntohl(ip->ip_off) & 0x1fff);
1597         (void)printf("  %02x  %02x %04x", ip->ip_ttl, ip->ip_p,
1598                                                             ntohs(ip->ip_sum));
1599         (void)printf(" %s ", inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr *)&ip->ip_src.s_addr));
1600         (void)printf(" %s ", inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr *)&ip->ip_dst.s_addr));
1601         /* dump any option bytes */
1602         while (hlen-- > 20) {
1603                 (void)printf("%02x", *cp++);
1604         }
1605         (void)putchar('\n');
1606 }
1607
1608 /*
1609  * pr_addr --
1610  *      Return an ascii host address as a dotted quad and optionally with
1611  * a hostname.
1612  */
1613 static char *
1614 pr_addr(ina)
1615         struct in_addr ina;
1616 {
1617         struct hostent *hp;
1618         static char buf[16 + 3 + MAXHOSTNAMELEN];
1619
1620         if ((options & F_NUMERIC) ||
1621             !(hp = gethostbyaddr((char *)&ina, 4, AF_INET)))
1622                 return inet_ntoa(ina);
1623         else
1624                 (void)snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%s (%s)", hp->h_name,
1625                     inet_ntoa(ina));
1626         return(buf);
1627 }
1628
1629 /*
1630  * pr_retip --
1631  *      Dump some info on a returned (via ICMP) IP packet.
1632  */
1633 static void
1634 pr_retip(ip)
1635         struct ip *ip;
1636 {
1637         u_char *cp;
1638         int hlen;
1639
1640         pr_iph(ip);
1641         hlen = ip->ip_hl << 2;
1642         cp = (u_char *)ip + hlen;
1643
1644         if (ip->ip_p == 6)
1645                 (void)printf("TCP: from port %u, to port %u (decimal)\n",
1646                     (*cp * 256 + *(cp + 1)), (*(cp + 2) * 256 + *(cp + 3)));
1647         else if (ip->ip_p == 17)
1648                 (void)printf("UDP: from port %u, to port %u (decimal)\n",
1649                         (*cp * 256 + *(cp + 1)), (*(cp + 2) * 256 + *(cp + 3)));
1650 }
1651
1652 static char *
1653 pr_ntime (n_time timestamp)
1654 {
1655         static char buf[10];
1656         int hour, min, sec;
1657
1658         sec = ntohl(timestamp) / 1000;
1659         hour = sec / 60 / 60;
1660         min = (sec % (60 * 60)) / 60;
1661         sec = (sec % (60 * 60)) % 60;
1662
1663         (void)snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%02d:%02d:%02d", hour, min, sec);
1664
1665         return (buf);
1666 }
1667
1668 static void
1669 fill(bp, patp)
1670         char *bp, *patp;
1671 {
1672         char *cp;
1673         int pat[16];
1674         u_int ii, jj, kk;
1675
1676         for (cp = patp; *cp; cp++) {
1677                 if (!isxdigit(*cp))
1678                         errx(EX_USAGE,
1679                             "patterns must be specified as hex digits");
1680
1681         }
1682         ii = sscanf(patp,
1683             "%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x",
1684             &pat[0], &pat[1], &pat[2], &pat[3], &pat[4], &pat[5], &pat[6],
1685             &pat[7], &pat[8], &pat[9], &pat[10], &pat[11], &pat[12],
1686             &pat[13], &pat[14], &pat[15]);
1687
1688         if (ii > 0)
1689                 for (kk = 0; kk <= maxpayload - (TIMEVAL_LEN + ii); kk += ii)
1690                         for (jj = 0; jj < ii; ++jj)
1691                                 bp[jj + kk] = pat[jj];
1692         if (!(options & F_QUIET)) {
1693                 (void)printf("PATTERN: 0x");
1694                 for (jj = 0; jj < ii; ++jj)
1695                         (void)printf("%02x", bp[jj] & 0xFF);
1696                 (void)printf("\n");
1697         }
1698 }
1699
1700 #if defined(IPSEC) && defined(IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC)
1701 #define SECOPT          " [-P policy]"
1702 #else
1703 #define SECOPT          ""
1704 #endif
1705 static void
1706 usage()
1707 {
1708
1709         (void)fprintf(stderr, "%s\n%s\n%s\n%s\n%s\n%s\n%s\n%s\n",
1710 "usage: ping [-AaDdfnoQqRrv] [-c count] [-G sweepmaxsize] [-g sweepminsize]",
1711 "            [-h sweepincrsize] [-i wait] [-l preload] [-M mask | time] [-m ttl]",
1712 "           " SECOPT " [-p pattern] [-S src_addr] [-s packetsize] [-t timeout]",
1713 "            [-W waittime] [-z tos] host",
1714 "       ping [-AaDdfLnoQqRrv] [-c count] [-I iface] [-i wait] [-l preload]",
1715 "            [-M mask | time] [-m ttl]" SECOPT " [-p pattern] [-S src_addr]",
1716 "            [-s packetsize] [-T ttl] [-t timeout] [-W waittime]",
1717 "            [-z tos] mcast-group");
1718         exit(EX_USAGE);
1719 }