1 //===-- ExprEngine.h - Path-Sensitive Expression-Level Dataflow ---*- C++ -*-=//
3 // The LLVM Compiler Infrastructure
5 // This file is distributed under the University of Illinois Open Source
6 // License. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
8 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
10 // This file defines a meta-engine for path-sensitive dataflow analysis that
11 // is built on CoreEngine, but provides the boilerplate to execute transfer
12 // functions and build the ExplodedGraph at the expression level.
14 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
16 #ifndef LLVM_CLANG_GR_EXPRENGINE
17 #define LLVM_CLANG_GR_EXPRENGINE
19 #include "clang/AST/Expr.h"
20 #include "clang/AST/Type.h"
21 #include "clang/Analysis/DomainSpecific/ObjCNoReturn.h"
22 #include "clang/StaticAnalyzer/Core/BugReporter/BugReporter.h"
23 #include "clang/StaticAnalyzer/Core/PathSensitive/AnalysisManager.h"
24 #include "clang/StaticAnalyzer/Core/PathSensitive/CoreEngine.h"
25 #include "clang/StaticAnalyzer/Core/PathSensitive/ProgramState.h"
26 #include "clang/StaticAnalyzer/Core/PathSensitive/ProgramStateTrait.h"
27 #include "clang/StaticAnalyzer/Core/PathSensitive/SubEngine.h"
31 class AnalysisDeclContextManager;
33 class CXXConstructExpr;
36 class CXXTemporaryObjectExpr;
38 class MaterializeTemporaryExpr;
39 class ObjCAtSynchronizedStmt;
40 class ObjCForCollectionStmt;
44 class AnalysisManager;
47 class CXXConstructorCall;
49 class ExprEngine : public SubEngine {
51 /// The modes of inlining, which override the default analysis-wide settings.
53 /// Follow the default settings for inlining callees.
55 /// Do minimal inlining of callees.
60 AnalysisManager &AMgr;
62 AnalysisDeclContextManager &AnalysisDeclContexts;
66 /// G - the simulation graph.
69 /// StateMgr - Object that manages the data for all created states.
70 ProgramStateManager StateMgr;
72 /// SymMgr - Object that manages the symbol information.
73 SymbolManager& SymMgr;
75 /// svalBuilder - SValBuilder object that creates SVals from expressions.
76 SValBuilder &svalBuilder;
78 unsigned int currStmtIdx;
79 const NodeBuilderContext *currBldrCtx;
81 /// Helper object to determine if an Objective-C message expression
82 /// implicitly never returns.
83 ObjCNoReturn ObjCNoRet;
85 /// Whether or not GC is enabled in this analysis.
88 /// The BugReporter associated with this engine. It is important that
89 /// this object be placed at the very end of member variables so that its
90 /// destructor is called before the rest of the ExprEngine is destroyed.
93 /// The functions which have been analyzed through inlining. This is owned by
94 /// AnalysisConsumer. It can be null.
95 SetOfConstDecls *VisitedCallees;
97 /// The flag, which specifies the mode of inlining for the engine.
98 InliningModes HowToInline;
101 ExprEngine(AnalysisManager &mgr, bool gcEnabled,
102 SetOfConstDecls *VisitedCalleesIn,
103 FunctionSummariesTy *FS,
104 InliningModes HowToInlineIn);
108 /// Returns true if there is still simulation state on the worklist.
109 bool ExecuteWorkList(const LocationContext *L, unsigned Steps = 150000) {
110 return Engine.ExecuteWorkList(L, Steps, 0);
113 /// Execute the work list with an initial state. Nodes that reaches the exit
114 /// of the function are added into the Dst set, which represent the exit
115 /// state of the function call. Returns true if there is still simulation
116 /// state on the worklist.
117 bool ExecuteWorkListWithInitialState(const LocationContext *L, unsigned Steps,
118 ProgramStateRef InitState,
119 ExplodedNodeSet &Dst) {
120 return Engine.ExecuteWorkListWithInitialState(L, Steps, InitState, Dst);
123 /// getContext - Return the ASTContext associated with this analysis.
124 ASTContext &getContext() const { return AMgr.getASTContext(); }
126 virtual AnalysisManager &getAnalysisManager() { return AMgr; }
128 CheckerManager &getCheckerManager() const {
129 return *AMgr.getCheckerManager();
132 SValBuilder &getSValBuilder() { return svalBuilder; }
134 BugReporter& getBugReporter() { return BR; }
136 const NodeBuilderContext &getBuilderContext() {
141 bool isObjCGCEnabled() { return ObjCGCEnabled; }
143 const Stmt *getStmt() const;
145 void GenerateAutoTransition(ExplodedNode *N);
146 void enqueueEndOfPath(ExplodedNodeSet &S);
147 void GenerateCallExitNode(ExplodedNode *N);
149 /// Visualize the ExplodedGraph created by executing the simulation.
150 void ViewGraph(bool trim = false);
152 /// Visualize a trimmed ExplodedGraph that only contains paths to the given
154 void ViewGraph(ArrayRef<const ExplodedNode*> Nodes);
156 /// getInitialState - Return the initial state used for the root vertex
157 /// in the ExplodedGraph.
158 ProgramStateRef getInitialState(const LocationContext *InitLoc);
160 ExplodedGraph& getGraph() { return G; }
161 const ExplodedGraph& getGraph() const { return G; }
163 /// \brief Run the analyzer's garbage collection - remove dead symbols and
164 /// bindings from the state.
166 /// Checkers can participate in this process with two callbacks:
167 /// \c checkLiveSymbols and \c checkDeadSymbols. See the CheckerDocumentation
168 /// class for more information.
170 /// \param Node The predecessor node, from which the processing should start.
171 /// \param Out The returned set of output nodes.
172 /// \param ReferenceStmt The statement which is about to be processed.
173 /// Everything needed for this statement should be considered live.
174 /// A null statement means that everything in child LocationContexts
176 /// \param LC The location context of the \p ReferenceStmt. A null location
177 /// context means that we have reached the end of analysis and that
178 /// all statements and local variables should be considered dead.
179 /// \param DiagnosticStmt Used as a location for any warnings that should
180 /// occur while removing the dead (e.g. leaks). By default, the
181 /// \p ReferenceStmt is used.
182 /// \param K Denotes whether this is a pre- or post-statement purge. This
183 /// must only be ProgramPoint::PostStmtPurgeDeadSymbolsKind if an
184 /// entire location context is being cleared, in which case the
185 /// \p ReferenceStmt must either be a ReturnStmt or \c NULL. Otherwise,
186 /// it must be ProgramPoint::PreStmtPurgeDeadSymbolsKind (the default)
187 /// and \p ReferenceStmt must be valid (non-null).
188 void removeDead(ExplodedNode *Node, ExplodedNodeSet &Out,
189 const Stmt *ReferenceStmt, const LocationContext *LC,
190 const Stmt *DiagnosticStmt = 0,
191 ProgramPoint::Kind K = ProgramPoint::PreStmtPurgeDeadSymbolsKind);
193 /// processCFGElement - Called by CoreEngine. Used to generate new successor
194 /// nodes by processing the 'effects' of a CFG element.
195 void processCFGElement(const CFGElement E, ExplodedNode *Pred,
196 unsigned StmtIdx, NodeBuilderContext *Ctx);
198 void ProcessStmt(const CFGStmt S, ExplodedNode *Pred);
200 void ProcessInitializer(const CFGInitializer I, ExplodedNode *Pred);
202 void ProcessImplicitDtor(const CFGImplicitDtor D, ExplodedNode *Pred);
204 void ProcessAutomaticObjDtor(const CFGAutomaticObjDtor D,
205 ExplodedNode *Pred, ExplodedNodeSet &Dst);
206 void ProcessBaseDtor(const CFGBaseDtor D,
207 ExplodedNode *Pred, ExplodedNodeSet &Dst);
208 void ProcessMemberDtor(const CFGMemberDtor D,
209 ExplodedNode *Pred, ExplodedNodeSet &Dst);
210 void ProcessTemporaryDtor(const CFGTemporaryDtor D,
211 ExplodedNode *Pred, ExplodedNodeSet &Dst);
213 /// Called by CoreEngine when processing the entrance of a CFGBlock.
214 virtual void processCFGBlockEntrance(const BlockEdge &L,
215 NodeBuilderWithSinks &nodeBuilder,
218 /// ProcessBranch - Called by CoreEngine. Used to generate successor
219 /// nodes by processing the 'effects' of a branch condition.
220 void processBranch(const Stmt *Condition, const Stmt *Term,
221 NodeBuilderContext& BuilderCtx,
223 ExplodedNodeSet &Dst,
224 const CFGBlock *DstT,
225 const CFGBlock *DstF);
227 /// Called by CoreEngine. Used to processing branching behavior
228 /// at static initalizers.
229 void processStaticInitializer(const DeclStmt *DS,
230 NodeBuilderContext& BuilderCtx,
232 ExplodedNodeSet &Dst,
233 const CFGBlock *DstT,
234 const CFGBlock *DstF);
236 /// processIndirectGoto - Called by CoreEngine. Used to generate successor
237 /// nodes by processing the 'effects' of a computed goto jump.
238 void processIndirectGoto(IndirectGotoNodeBuilder& builder);
240 /// ProcessSwitch - Called by CoreEngine. Used to generate successor
241 /// nodes by processing the 'effects' of a switch statement.
242 void processSwitch(SwitchNodeBuilder& builder);
244 /// Called by CoreEngine. Used to generate end-of-path
245 /// nodes when the control reaches the end of a function.
246 void processEndOfFunction(NodeBuilderContext& BC,
249 /// Remove dead bindings/symbols before exiting a function.
250 void removeDeadOnEndOfFunction(NodeBuilderContext& BC,
252 ExplodedNodeSet &Dst);
254 /// Generate the entry node of the callee.
255 void processCallEnter(CallEnter CE, ExplodedNode *Pred);
257 /// Generate the sequence of nodes that simulate the call exit and the post
258 /// visit for CallExpr.
259 void processCallExit(ExplodedNode *Pred);
261 /// Called by CoreEngine when the analysis worklist has terminated.
262 void processEndWorklist(bool hasWorkRemaining);
264 /// evalAssume - Callback function invoked by the ConstraintManager when
265 /// making assumptions about state values.
266 ProgramStateRef processAssume(ProgramStateRef state, SVal cond,bool assumption);
268 /// wantsRegionChangeUpdate - Called by ProgramStateManager to determine if a
269 /// region change should trigger a processRegionChanges update.
270 bool wantsRegionChangeUpdate(ProgramStateRef state);
272 /// processRegionChanges - Called by ProgramStateManager whenever a change is made
273 /// to the store. Used to update checkers that track region values.
275 processRegionChanges(ProgramStateRef state,
276 const InvalidatedSymbols *invalidated,
277 ArrayRef<const MemRegion *> ExplicitRegions,
278 ArrayRef<const MemRegion *> Regions,
279 const CallEvent *Call);
281 /// printState - Called by ProgramStateManager to print checker-specific data.
282 void printState(raw_ostream &Out, ProgramStateRef State,
283 const char *NL, const char *Sep);
285 virtual ProgramStateManager& getStateManager() { return StateMgr; }
287 StoreManager& getStoreManager() { return StateMgr.getStoreManager(); }
289 ConstraintManager& getConstraintManager() {
290 return StateMgr.getConstraintManager();
293 // FIXME: Remove when we migrate over to just using SValBuilder.
294 BasicValueFactory& getBasicVals() {
295 return StateMgr.getBasicVals();
298 // FIXME: Remove when we migrate over to just using ValueManager.
299 SymbolManager& getSymbolManager() { return SymMgr; }
300 const SymbolManager& getSymbolManager() const { return SymMgr; }
302 // Functions for external checking of whether we have unfinished work
303 bool wasBlocksExhausted() const { return Engine.wasBlocksExhausted(); }
304 bool hasEmptyWorkList() const { return !Engine.getWorkList()->hasWork(); }
305 bool hasWorkRemaining() const { return Engine.hasWorkRemaining(); }
307 const CoreEngine &getCoreEngine() const { return Engine; }
310 /// Visit - Transfer function logic for all statements. Dispatches to
311 /// other functions that handle specific kinds of statements.
312 void Visit(const Stmt *S, ExplodedNode *Pred, ExplodedNodeSet &Dst);
314 /// VisitArraySubscriptExpr - Transfer function for array accesses.
315 void VisitLvalArraySubscriptExpr(const ArraySubscriptExpr *Ex,
317 ExplodedNodeSet &Dst);
319 /// VisitGCCAsmStmt - Transfer function logic for inline asm.
320 void VisitGCCAsmStmt(const GCCAsmStmt *A, ExplodedNode *Pred,
321 ExplodedNodeSet &Dst);
323 /// VisitMSAsmStmt - Transfer function logic for MS inline asm.
324 void VisitMSAsmStmt(const MSAsmStmt *A, ExplodedNode *Pred,
325 ExplodedNodeSet &Dst);
327 /// VisitBlockExpr - Transfer function logic for BlockExprs.
328 void VisitBlockExpr(const BlockExpr *BE, ExplodedNode *Pred,
329 ExplodedNodeSet &Dst);
331 /// VisitBinaryOperator - Transfer function logic for binary operators.
332 void VisitBinaryOperator(const BinaryOperator* B, ExplodedNode *Pred,
333 ExplodedNodeSet &Dst);
336 /// VisitCall - Transfer function for function calls.
337 void VisitCallExpr(const CallExpr *CE, ExplodedNode *Pred,
338 ExplodedNodeSet &Dst);
340 /// VisitCast - Transfer function logic for all casts (implicit and explicit).
341 void VisitCast(const CastExpr *CastE, const Expr *Ex, ExplodedNode *Pred,
342 ExplodedNodeSet &Dst);
344 /// VisitCompoundLiteralExpr - Transfer function logic for compound literals.
345 void VisitCompoundLiteralExpr(const CompoundLiteralExpr *CL,
346 ExplodedNode *Pred, ExplodedNodeSet &Dst);
348 /// Transfer function logic for DeclRefExprs and BlockDeclRefExprs.
349 void VisitCommonDeclRefExpr(const Expr *DR, const NamedDecl *D,
350 ExplodedNode *Pred, ExplodedNodeSet &Dst);
352 /// VisitDeclStmt - Transfer function logic for DeclStmts.
353 void VisitDeclStmt(const DeclStmt *DS, ExplodedNode *Pred,
354 ExplodedNodeSet &Dst);
356 /// VisitGuardedExpr - Transfer function logic for ?, __builtin_choose
357 void VisitGuardedExpr(const Expr *Ex, const Expr *L, const Expr *R,
358 ExplodedNode *Pred, ExplodedNodeSet &Dst);
360 void VisitInitListExpr(const InitListExpr *E, ExplodedNode *Pred,
361 ExplodedNodeSet &Dst);
363 /// VisitLogicalExpr - Transfer function logic for '&&', '||'
364 void VisitLogicalExpr(const BinaryOperator* B, ExplodedNode *Pred,
365 ExplodedNodeSet &Dst);
367 /// VisitMemberExpr - Transfer function for member expressions.
368 void VisitMemberExpr(const MemberExpr *M, ExplodedNode *Pred,
369 ExplodedNodeSet &Dst);
371 /// Transfer function logic for ObjCAtSynchronizedStmts.
372 void VisitObjCAtSynchronizedStmt(const ObjCAtSynchronizedStmt *S,
373 ExplodedNode *Pred, ExplodedNodeSet &Dst);
375 /// Transfer function logic for computing the lvalue of an Objective-C ivar.
376 void VisitLvalObjCIvarRefExpr(const ObjCIvarRefExpr *DR, ExplodedNode *Pred,
377 ExplodedNodeSet &Dst);
379 /// VisitObjCForCollectionStmt - Transfer function logic for
380 /// ObjCForCollectionStmt.
381 void VisitObjCForCollectionStmt(const ObjCForCollectionStmt *S,
382 ExplodedNode *Pred, ExplodedNodeSet &Dst);
384 void VisitObjCMessage(const ObjCMessageExpr *ME, ExplodedNode *Pred,
385 ExplodedNodeSet &Dst);
387 /// VisitReturnStmt - Transfer function logic for return statements.
388 void VisitReturnStmt(const ReturnStmt *R, ExplodedNode *Pred,
389 ExplodedNodeSet &Dst);
391 /// VisitOffsetOfExpr - Transfer function for offsetof.
392 void VisitOffsetOfExpr(const OffsetOfExpr *Ex, ExplodedNode *Pred,
393 ExplodedNodeSet &Dst);
395 /// VisitUnaryExprOrTypeTraitExpr - Transfer function for sizeof.
396 void VisitUnaryExprOrTypeTraitExpr(const UnaryExprOrTypeTraitExpr *Ex,
397 ExplodedNode *Pred, ExplodedNodeSet &Dst);
399 /// VisitUnaryOperator - Transfer function logic for unary operators.
400 void VisitUnaryOperator(const UnaryOperator* B, ExplodedNode *Pred,
401 ExplodedNodeSet &Dst);
403 /// Handle ++ and -- (both pre- and post-increment).
404 void VisitIncrementDecrementOperator(const UnaryOperator* U,
406 ExplodedNodeSet &Dst);
408 void VisitCXXCatchStmt(const CXXCatchStmt *CS, ExplodedNode *Pred,
409 ExplodedNodeSet &Dst);
411 void VisitCXXThisExpr(const CXXThisExpr *TE, ExplodedNode *Pred,
412 ExplodedNodeSet & Dst);
414 void VisitCXXConstructExpr(const CXXConstructExpr *E, ExplodedNode *Pred,
415 ExplodedNodeSet &Dst);
417 void VisitCXXDestructor(QualType ObjectType, const MemRegion *Dest,
418 const Stmt *S, bool IsBaseDtor,
419 ExplodedNode *Pred, ExplodedNodeSet &Dst);
421 void VisitCXXNewExpr(const CXXNewExpr *CNE, ExplodedNode *Pred,
422 ExplodedNodeSet &Dst);
424 void VisitCXXDeleteExpr(const CXXDeleteExpr *CDE, ExplodedNode *Pred,
425 ExplodedNodeSet &Dst);
427 /// Create a C++ temporary object for an rvalue.
428 void CreateCXXTemporaryObject(const MaterializeTemporaryExpr *ME,
430 ExplodedNodeSet &Dst);
432 /// evalEagerlyAssumeBinOpBifurcation - Given the nodes in 'Src', eagerly assume symbolic
433 /// expressions of the form 'x != 0' and generate new nodes (stored in Dst)
434 /// with those assumptions.
435 void evalEagerlyAssumeBinOpBifurcation(ExplodedNodeSet &Dst, ExplodedNodeSet &Src,
438 std::pair<const ProgramPointTag *, const ProgramPointTag*>
439 geteagerlyAssumeBinOpBifurcationTags();
441 SVal evalMinus(SVal X) {
442 return X.isValid() ? svalBuilder.evalMinus(X.castAs<NonLoc>()) : X;
445 SVal evalComplement(SVal X) {
446 return X.isValid() ? svalBuilder.evalComplement(X.castAs<NonLoc>()) : X;
451 SVal evalBinOp(ProgramStateRef state, BinaryOperator::Opcode op,
452 NonLoc L, NonLoc R, QualType T) {
453 return svalBuilder.evalBinOpNN(state, op, L, R, T);
456 SVal evalBinOp(ProgramStateRef state, BinaryOperator::Opcode op,
457 NonLoc L, SVal R, QualType T) {
458 return R.isValid() ? svalBuilder.evalBinOpNN(state, op, L,
459 R.castAs<NonLoc>(), T) : R;
462 SVal evalBinOp(ProgramStateRef ST, BinaryOperator::Opcode Op,
463 SVal LHS, SVal RHS, QualType T) {
464 return svalBuilder.evalBinOp(ST, Op, LHS, RHS, T);
468 /// evalBind - Handle the semantics of binding a value to a specific location.
469 /// This method is used by evalStore, VisitDeclStmt, and others.
470 void evalBind(ExplodedNodeSet &Dst, const Stmt *StoreE, ExplodedNode *Pred,
471 SVal location, SVal Val, bool atDeclInit = false,
472 const ProgramPoint *PP = 0);
474 /// Call PointerEscape callback when a value escapes as a result of bind.
475 ProgramStateRef processPointerEscapedOnBind(ProgramStateRef State,
477 /// Call PointerEscape callback when a value escapes as a result of
478 /// region invalidation.
479 /// \param[in] IsConst Specifies that the pointer is const.
480 ProgramStateRef notifyCheckersOfPointerEscape(
481 ProgramStateRef State,
482 const InvalidatedSymbols *Invalidated,
483 ArrayRef<const MemRegion *> ExplicitRegions,
484 ArrayRef<const MemRegion *> Regions,
485 const CallEvent *Call,
489 // FIXME: 'tag' should be removed, and a LocationContext should be used
491 // FIXME: Comment on the meaning of the arguments, when 'St' may not
492 // be the same as Pred->state, and when 'location' may not be the
493 // same as state->getLValue(Ex).
494 /// Simulate a read of the result of Ex.
495 void evalLoad(ExplodedNodeSet &Dst,
496 const Expr *NodeEx, /* Eventually will be a CFGStmt */
497 const Expr *BoundExpr,
501 const ProgramPointTag *tag = 0,
502 QualType LoadTy = QualType());
504 // FIXME: 'tag' should be removed, and a LocationContext should be used
506 void evalStore(ExplodedNodeSet &Dst, const Expr *AssignE, const Expr *StoreE,
507 ExplodedNode *Pred, ProgramStateRef St, SVal TargetLV, SVal Val,
508 const ProgramPointTag *tag = 0);
510 /// \brief Create a new state in which the call return value is binded to the
511 /// call origin expression.
512 ProgramStateRef bindReturnValue(const CallEvent &Call,
513 const LocationContext *LCtx,
514 ProgramStateRef State);
516 /// Evaluate a call, running pre- and post-call checks and allowing checkers
517 /// to be responsible for handling the evaluation of the call itself.
518 void evalCall(ExplodedNodeSet &Dst, ExplodedNode *Pred,
519 const CallEvent &Call);
521 /// \brief Default implementation of call evaluation.
522 void defaultEvalCall(NodeBuilder &B, ExplodedNode *Pred,
523 const CallEvent &Call);
525 void evalLoadCommon(ExplodedNodeSet &Dst,
526 const Expr *NodeEx, /* Eventually will be a CFGStmt */
531 const ProgramPointTag *tag,
534 // FIXME: 'tag' should be removed, and a LocationContext should be used
536 void evalLocation(ExplodedNodeSet &Dst,
537 const Stmt *NodeEx, /* This will eventually be a CFGStmt */
540 ProgramStateRef St, SVal location,
541 const ProgramPointTag *tag, bool isLoad);
543 /// Count the stack depth and determine if the call is recursive.
544 void examineStackFrames(const Decl *D, const LocationContext *LCtx,
545 bool &IsRecursive, unsigned &StackDepth);
547 /// Checks our policies and decides weither the given call should be inlined.
548 bool shouldInlineCall(const CallEvent &Call, const Decl *D,
549 const ExplodedNode *Pred);
551 bool inlineCall(const CallEvent &Call, const Decl *D, NodeBuilder &Bldr,
552 ExplodedNode *Pred, ProgramStateRef State);
554 /// \brief Conservatively evaluate call by invalidating regions and binding
555 /// a conjured return value.
556 void conservativeEvalCall(const CallEvent &Call, NodeBuilder &Bldr,
557 ExplodedNode *Pred, ProgramStateRef State);
559 /// \brief Either inline or process the call conservatively (or both), based
560 /// on DynamicDispatchBifurcation data.
561 void BifurcateCall(const MemRegion *BifurReg,
562 const CallEvent &Call, const Decl *D, NodeBuilder &Bldr,
565 bool replayWithoutInlining(ExplodedNode *P, const LocationContext *CalleeLC);
567 /// Models a trivial copy or move constructor or trivial assignment operator
568 /// call with a simple bind.
569 void performTrivialCopy(NodeBuilder &Bldr, ExplodedNode *Pred,
570 const CallEvent &Call);
572 /// If the value of the given expression is a NonLoc, copy it into a new
573 /// temporary object region, and replace the value of the expression with
576 /// If \p ResultE is provided, the new region will be bound to this expression
578 ProgramStateRef createTemporaryRegionIfNeeded(ProgramStateRef State,
579 const LocationContext *LC,
581 const Expr *ResultE = 0);
584 /// Traits for storing the call processing policy inside GDM.
585 /// The GDM stores the corresponding CallExpr pointer.
586 // FIXME: This does not use the nice trait macros because it must be accessible
587 // from multiple translation units.
588 struct ReplayWithoutInlining{};
590 struct ProgramStateTrait<ReplayWithoutInlining> :
591 public ProgramStatePartialTrait<const void*> {
592 static void *GDMIndex() { static int index = 0; return &index; }
595 } // end ento namespace
597 } // end clang namespace