sbin/ping/ping.c

   1 /*
   2  * Copyright (c) 1989, 1993
   3  *      The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
   4  *
   5  * This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
   6  * Mike Muuss.
   7  *
   8  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
   9  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
  10  * are met:
  11  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
  12  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
  13  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
  14  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
  15  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
  16  * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
  17  *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
  18  *    without specific prior written permission.
  19  *
  20  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
  21  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
  22  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
  23  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
  24  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
  25  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
  26  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
  27  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
  28  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
  29  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
  30  * SUCH DAMAGE.
  31  */
  32
  33 #if 0
  34 #ifndef lint
  35 static const char copyright[] =
  36 "@(#) Copyright (c) 1989, 1993\n\
  37         The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.\n";
  38 #endif /* not lint */
  39
  40 #ifndef lint
  41 static char sccsid[] = "@(#)ping.c      8.1 (Berkeley) 6/5/93";
  42 #endif /* not lint */
  43 #endif
  44 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
  45 __FBSDID("$FreeBSD$");
  46
  47 /*
  48  *                      P I N G . C
  49  *
  50  * Using the Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) "ECHO" facility,
  51  * measure round-trip-delays and packet loss across network paths.
  52  *
  53  * Author -
  54  *      Mike Muuss
  55  *      U. S. Army Ballistic Research Laboratory
  56  *      December, 1983
  57  *
  58  * Status -
  59  *      Public Domain.  Distribution Unlimited.
  60  * Bugs -
  61  *      More statistics could always be gathered.
  62  *      This program has to run SUID to ROOT to access the ICMP socket.
  63  */
  64
  65 #include <sys/param.h>          /* NB: we rely on this for <sys/types.h> */
  66 #include <sys/socket.h>
  67 #include <sys/sysctl.h>
  68 #include <sys/time.h>
  69 #include <sys/uio.h>
  70
  71 #include <netinet/in.h>
  72 #include <netinet/in_systm.h>
  73 #include <netinet/ip.h>
  74 #include <netinet/ip_icmp.h>
  75 #include <netinet/ip_var.h>
  76 #include <arpa/inet.h>
  77
  78 #ifdef IPSEC
  79 #include <netipsec/ipsec.h>
  80 #endif /*IPSEC*/
  81
  82 #include <ctype.h>
  83 #include <err.h>
  84 #include <errno.h>
  85 #include <math.h>
  86 #include <netdb.h>
  87 #include <signal.h>
  88 #include <stdio.h>
  89 #include <stdlib.h>
  90 #include <string.h>
  91 #include <sysexits.h>
  92 #include <unistd.h>
  93
  94 #define INADDR_LEN      ((int)sizeof(in_addr_t))
  95 #define TIMEVAL_LEN     ((int)sizeof(struct tv32))
  96 #define MASK_LEN        (ICMP_MASKLEN - ICMP_MINLEN)
  97 #define TS_LEN          (ICMP_TSLEN - ICMP_MINLEN)
  98 #define DEFDATALEN      56              /* default data length */
  99 #define FLOOD_BACKOFF   20000           /* usecs to back off if F_FLOOD mode */
 100                                         /* runs out of buffer space */
 101 #define MAXIPLEN        (sizeof(struct ip) + MAX_IPOPTLEN)
 102 #define MAXICMPLEN      (ICMP_ADVLENMIN + MAX_IPOPTLEN)
 103 #define MAXWAIT         10000           /* max ms to wait for response */
 104 #define MAXALARM        (60 * 60)       /* max seconds for alarm timeout */
 105 #define MAXTOS          255
 106
 107 #define A(bit)          rcvd_tbl[(bit)>>3]      /* identify byte in array */
 108 #define B(bit)          (1 << ((bit) & 0x07))   /* identify bit in byte */
 109 #define SET(bit)        (A(bit) |= B(bit))
 110 #define CLR(bit)        (A(bit) &= (~B(bit)))
 111 #define TST(bit)        (A(bit) & B(bit))
 112
 113 struct tv32 {
 114         int32_t tv32_sec;
 115         int32_t tv32_usec;
 116 };
 117
 118 /* various options */
 119 int options;
 120 #define F_FLOOD         0x0001
 121 #define F_INTERVAL      0x0002
 122 #define F_NUMERIC       0x0004
 123 #define F_PINGFILLED    0x0008
 124 #define F_QUIET         0x0010
 125 #define F_RROUTE        0x0020
 126 #define F_SO_DEBUG      0x0040
 127 #define F_SO_DONTROUTE  0x0080
 128 #define F_VERBOSE       0x0100
 129 #define F_QUIET2        0x0200
 130 #define F_NOLOOP        0x0400
 131 #define F_MTTL          0x0800
 132 #define F_MIF           0x1000
 133 #define F_AUDIBLE       0x2000
 134 #ifdef IPSEC
 135 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
 136 #define F_POLICY        0x4000
 137 #endif /*IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC*/
 138 #endif /*IPSEC*/
 139 #define F_TTL           0x8000
 140 #define F_MISSED        0x10000
 141 #define F_ONCE          0x20000
 142 #define F_HDRINCL       0x40000
 143 #define F_MASK          0x80000
 144 #define F_TIME          0x100000
 145 #define F_SWEEP         0x200000
 146 #define F_WAITTIME      0x400000
 147
 148 /*
 149  * MAX_DUP_CHK is the number of bits in received table, i.e. the maximum
 150  * number of received sequence numbers we can keep track of.  Change 128
 151  * to 8192 for complete accuracy...
 152  */
 153 #define MAX_DUP_CHK     (8 * 128)
 154 int mx_dup_ck = MAX_DUP_CHK;
 155 char rcvd_tbl[MAX_DUP_CHK / 8];
 156
 157 struct sockaddr_in whereto;     /* who to ping */
 158 int datalen = DEFDATALEN;
 159 int maxpayload;
 160 int s;                          /* socket file descriptor */
 161 u_char outpackhdr[IP_MAXPACKET], *outpack;
 162 char BBELL = '\a';              /* characters written for MISSED and AUDIBLE */
 163 char BSPACE = '\b';             /* characters written for flood */
 164 char DOT = '.';
 165 char *hostname;
 166 char *shostname;
 167 int ident;                      /* process id to identify our packets */
 168 int uid;                        /* cached uid for micro-optimization */
 169 u_char icmp_type = ICMP_ECHO;
 170 u_char icmp_type_rsp = ICMP_ECHOREPLY;
 171 int phdr_len = 0;
 172 int send_len;
 173
 174 /* counters */
 175 long nmissedmax;                /* max value of ntransmitted - nreceived - 1 */
 176 long npackets;                  /* max packets to transmit */
 177 long nreceived;                 /* # of packets we got back */
 178 long nrepeats;                  /* number of duplicates */
 179 long ntransmitted;              /* sequence # for outbound packets = #sent */
 180 long snpackets;                 /* max packets to transmit in one sweep */
 181 long snreceived;                /* # of packets we got back in this sweep */
 182 long sntransmitted;             /* # of packets we sent in this sweep */
 183 int sweepmax;                   /* max value of payload in sweep */
 184 int sweepmin = 0;               /* start value of payload in sweep */
 185 int sweepincr = 1;              /* payload increment in sweep */
 186 int interval = 1000;            /* interval between packets, ms */
 187 int waittime = MAXWAIT;         /* timeout for each packet */
 188 long nrcvtimeout = 0;           /* # of packets we got back after waittime */
 189
 190 /* timing */
 191 int timing;                     /* flag to do timing */
 192 double tmin = 999999999.0;      /* minimum round trip time */
 193 double tmax = 0.0;              /* maximum round trip time */
 194 double tsum = 0.0;              /* sum of all times, for doing average */
 195 double tsumsq = 0.0;            /* sum of all times squared, for std. dev. */
 196
 197 volatile sig_atomic_t finish_up;  /* nonzero if we've been told to finish up */
 198 volatile sig_atomic_t siginfo_p;
 199
 200 static void fill(char *, char *);
 201 static u_short in_cksum(u_short *, int);
 202 static void check_status(void);
 203 static void finish(void) __dead2;
 204 static void pinger(void);
 205 static char *pr_addr(struct in_addr);
 206 static char *pr_ntime(n_time);
 207 static void pr_icmph(struct icmp *);
 208 static void pr_iph(struct ip *);
 209 static void pr_pack(char *, int, struct sockaddr_in *, struct timeval *);
 210 static void pr_retip(struct ip *);
 211 static void status(int);
 212 static void stopit(int);
 213 static void tvsub(struct timeval *, const struct timeval *);
 214 static void usage(void) __dead2;
 215
 216 int
 217 main(int argc, char *const *argv)
 218 {
 219         struct sockaddr_in from, sock_in;
 220         struct in_addr ifaddr;
 221         struct timeval last, intvl;
 222         struct iovec iov;
 223         struct ip *ip;
 224         struct msghdr msg;
 225         struct sigaction si_sa;
 226         size_t sz;
 227         u_char *datap, packet[IP_MAXPACKET] __aligned(4);
 228         char *ep, *source, *target, *payload;
 229         struct hostent *hp;
 230 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
 231         char *policy_in, *policy_out;
 232 #endif
 233         struct sockaddr_in *to;
 234         double t;
 235         u_long alarmtimeout, ultmp;
 236         int almost_done, ch, df, hold, i, icmp_len, mib[4], preload, sockerrno,
 237             tos, ttl;
 238         char ctrl[CMSG_SPACE(sizeof(struct timeval))];
 239         char hnamebuf[MAXHOSTNAMELEN], snamebuf[MAXHOSTNAMELEN];
 240 #ifdef IP_OPTIONS
 241         char rspace[MAX_IPOPTLEN];      /* record route space */
 242 #endif
 243         unsigned char loop, mttl;
 244
 245         payload = source = NULL;
 246 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
 247         policy_in = policy_out = NULL;
 248 #endif
 249
 250         /*
 251          * Do the stuff that we need root priv's for *first*, and
 252          * then drop our setuid bit.  Save error reporting for
 253          * after arg parsing.
 254          */
 255         s = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_RAW, IPPROTO_ICMP);
 256         sockerrno = errno;
 257
 258         setuid(getuid());
 259         uid = getuid();
 260
 261         alarmtimeout = df = preload = tos = 0;
 262
 263         outpack = outpackhdr + sizeof(struct ip);
 264         while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv,
 265                 "Aac:DdfG:g:h:I:i:Ll:M:m:nop:QqRrS:s:T:t:vW:z:"
 266 #ifdef IPSEC
 267 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
 268                 "P:"
 269 #endif /*IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC*/
 270 #endif /*IPSEC*/
 271                 )) != -1)
 272         {
 273                 switch(ch) {
 274                 case 'A':
 275                         options |= F_MISSED;
 276                         break;
 277                 case 'a':
 278                         options |= F_AUDIBLE;
 279                         break;
 280                 case 'c':
 281                         ultmp = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
 282                         if (*ep || ep == optarg || ultmp > LONG_MAX || !ultmp)
 283                                 errx(EX_USAGE,
 284                                     "invalid count of packets to transmit: `%s'",
 285                                     optarg);
 286                         npackets = ultmp;
 287                         break;
 288                 case 'D':
 289                         options |= F_HDRINCL;
 290                         df = 1;
 291                         break;
 292                 case 'd':
 293                         options |= F_SO_DEBUG;
 294                         break;
 295                 case 'f':
 296                         if (uid) {
 297                                 errno = EPERM;
 298                                 err(EX_NOPERM, "-f flag");
 299                         }
 300                         options |= F_FLOOD;
 301                         setbuf(stdout, (char *)NULL);
 302                         break;
 303                 case 'G': /* Maximum packet size for ping sweep */
 304                         ultmp = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
 305                         if (*ep || ep == optarg)
 306                                 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid packet size: `%s'",
 307                                     optarg);
 308                         if (uid != 0 && ultmp > DEFDATALEN) {
 309                                 errno = EPERM;
 310                                 err(EX_NOPERM,
 311                                     "packet size too large: %lu > %u",
 312                                     ultmp, DEFDATALEN);
 313                         }
 314                         options |= F_SWEEP;
 315                         sweepmax = ultmp;
 316                         break;
 317                 case 'g': /* Minimum packet size for ping sweep */
 318                         ultmp = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
 319                         if (*ep || ep == optarg)
 320                                 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid packet size: `%s'",
 321                                     optarg);
 322                         if (uid != 0 && ultmp > DEFDATALEN) {
 323                                 errno = EPERM;
 324                                 err(EX_NOPERM,
 325                                     "packet size too large: %lu > %u",
 326                                     ultmp, DEFDATALEN);
 327                         }
 328                         options |= F_SWEEP;
 329                         sweepmin = ultmp;
 330                         break;
 331                 case 'h': /* Packet size increment for ping sweep */
 332                         ultmp = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
 333                         if (*ep || ep == optarg || ultmp < 1)
 334                                 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid increment size: `%s'",
 335                                     optarg);
 336                         if (uid != 0 && ultmp > DEFDATALEN) {
 337                                 errno = EPERM;
 338                                 err(EX_NOPERM,
 339                                     "packet size too large: %lu > %u",
 340                                     ultmp, DEFDATALEN);
 341                         }
 342                         options |= F_SWEEP;
 343                         sweepincr = ultmp;
 344                         break;
 345                 case 'I':               /* multicast interface */
 346                         if (inet_aton(optarg, &ifaddr) == 0)
 347                                 errx(EX_USAGE,
 348                                     "invalid multicast interface: `%s'",
 349                                     optarg);
 350                         options |= F_MIF;
 351                         break;
 352                 case 'i':               /* wait between sending packets */
 353                         t = strtod(optarg, &ep) * 1000.0;
 354                         if (*ep || ep == optarg || t > (double)INT_MAX)
 355                                 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid timing interval: `%s'",
 356                                     optarg);
 357                         options |= F_INTERVAL;
 358                         interval = (int)t;
 359                         if (uid && interval < 1000) {
 360                                 errno = EPERM;
 361                                 err(EX_NOPERM, "-i interval too short");
 362                         }
 363                         break;
 364                 case 'L':
 365                         options |= F_NOLOOP;
 366                         loop = 0;
 367                         break;
 368                 case 'l':
 369                         ultmp = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
 370                         if (*ep || ep == optarg || ultmp > INT_MAX)
 371                                 errx(EX_USAGE,
 372                                     "invalid preload value: `%s'", optarg);
 373                         if (uid) {
 374                                 errno = EPERM;
 375                                 err(EX_NOPERM, "-l flag");
 376                         }
 377                         preload = ultmp;
 378                         break;
 379                 case 'M':
 380                         switch(optarg[0]) {
 381                         case 'M':
 382                         case 'm':
 383                                 options |= F_MASK;
 384                                 break;
 385                         case 'T':
 386                         case 't':
 387                                 options |= F_TIME;
 388                                 break;
 389                         default:
 390                                 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid message: `%c'", optarg[0]);
 391                                 break;
 392                         }
 393                         break;
 394                 case 'm':               /* TTL */
 395                         ultmp = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
 396                         if (*ep || ep == optarg || ultmp > MAXTTL)
 397                                 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid TTL: `%s'", optarg);
 398                         ttl = ultmp;
 399                         options |= F_TTL;
 400                         break;
 401                 case 'n':
 402                         options |= F_NUMERIC;
 403                         break;
 404                 case 'o':
 405                         options |= F_ONCE;
 406                         break;
 407 #ifdef IPSEC
 408 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
 409                 case 'P':
 410                         options |= F_POLICY;
 411                         if (!strncmp("in", optarg, 2))
 412                                 policy_in = strdup(optarg);
 413                         else if (!strncmp("out", optarg, 3))
 414                                 policy_out = strdup(optarg);
 415                         else
 416                                 errx(1, "invalid security policy");
 417                         break;
 418 #endif /*IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC*/
 419 #endif /*IPSEC*/
 420                 case 'p':               /* fill buffer with user pattern */
 421                         options |= F_PINGFILLED;
 422                         payload = optarg;
 423                         break;
 424                 case 'Q':
 425                         options |= F_QUIET2;
 426                         break;
 427                 case 'q':
 428                         options |= F_QUIET;
 429                         break;
 430                 case 'R':
 431                         options |= F_RROUTE;
 432                         break;
 433                 case 'r':
 434                         options |= F_SO_DONTROUTE;
 435                         break;
 436                 case 'S':
 437                         source = optarg;
 438                         break;
 439                 case 's':               /* size of packet to send */
 440                         ultmp = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
 441                         if (*ep || ep == optarg)
 442                                 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid packet size: `%s'",
 443                                     optarg);
 444                         if (uid != 0 && ultmp > DEFDATALEN) {
 445                                 errno = EPERM;
 446                                 err(EX_NOPERM,
 447                                     "packet size too large: %lu > %u",
 448                                     ultmp, DEFDATALEN);
 449                         }
 450                         datalen = ultmp;
 451                         break;
 452                 case 'T':               /* multicast TTL */
 453                         ultmp = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
 454                         if (*ep || ep == optarg || ultmp > MAXTTL)
 455                                 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid multicast TTL: `%s'",
 456                                     optarg);
 457                         mttl = ultmp;
 458                         options |= F_MTTL;
 459                         break;
 460                 case 't':
 461                         alarmtimeout = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
 462                         if ((alarmtimeout < 1) || (alarmtimeout == ULONG_MAX))
 463                                 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid timeout: `%s'",
 464                                     optarg);
 465                         if (alarmtimeout > MAXALARM)
 466                                 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid timeout: `%s' > %d",
 467                                     optarg, MAXALARM);
 468                         alarm((int)alarmtimeout);
 469                         break;
 470                 case 'v':
 471                         options |= F_VERBOSE;
 472                         break;
 473                 case 'W':               /* wait ms for answer */
 474                         t = strtod(optarg, &ep);
 475                         if (*ep || ep == optarg || t > (double)INT_MAX)
 476                                 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid timing interval: `%s'",
 477                                     optarg);
 478                         options |= F_WAITTIME;
 479                         waittime = (int)t;
 480                         break;
 481                 case 'z':
 482                         options |= F_HDRINCL;
 483                         ultmp = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
 484                         if (*ep || ep == optarg || ultmp > MAXTOS)
 485                                 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid TOS: `%s'", optarg);
 486                         tos = ultmp;
 487                         break;
 488                 default:
 489                         usage();
 490                 }
 491         }
 492
 493         if (argc - optind != 1)
 494                 usage();
 495         target = argv[optind];
 496
 497         switch (options & (F_MASK|F_TIME)) {
 498         case 0: break;
 499         case F_MASK:
 500                 icmp_type = ICMP_MASKREQ;
 501                 icmp_type_rsp = ICMP_MASKREPLY;
 502                 phdr_len = MASK_LEN;
 503                 if (!(options & F_QUIET))
 504                         (void)printf("ICMP_MASKREQ\n");
 505                 break;
 506         case F_TIME:
 507                 icmp_type = ICMP_TSTAMP;
 508                 icmp_type_rsp = ICMP_TSTAMPREPLY;
 509                 phdr_len = TS_LEN;
 510                 if (!(options & F_QUIET))
 511                         (void)printf("ICMP_TSTAMP\n");
 512                 break;
 513         default:
 514                 errx(EX_USAGE, "ICMP_TSTAMP and ICMP_MASKREQ are exclusive.");
 515                 break;
 516         }
 517         icmp_len = sizeof(struct ip) + ICMP_MINLEN + phdr_len;
 518         if (options & F_RROUTE)
 519                 icmp_len += MAX_IPOPTLEN;
 520         maxpayload = IP_MAXPACKET - icmp_len;
 521         if (datalen > maxpayload)
 522                 errx(EX_USAGE, "packet size too large: %d > %d", datalen,
 523                     maxpayload);
 524         send_len = icmp_len + datalen;
 525         datap = &outpack[ICMP_MINLEN + phdr_len + TIMEVAL_LEN];
 526         if (options & F_PINGFILLED) {
 527                 fill((char *)datap, payload);
 528         }
 529         if (source) {
 530                 bzero((char *)&sock_in, sizeof(sock_in));
 531                 sock_in.sin_family = AF_INET;
 532                 if (inet_aton(source, &sock_in.sin_addr) != 0) {
 533                         shostname = source;
 534                 } else {
 535                         hp = gethostbyname2(source, AF_INET);
 536                         if (!hp)
 537                                 errx(EX_NOHOST, "cannot resolve %s: %s",
 538                                     source, hstrerror(h_errno));
 539
 540                         sock_in.sin_len = sizeof sock_in;
 541                         if ((unsigned)hp->h_length > sizeof(sock_in.sin_addr) ||
 542                             hp->h_length < 0)
 543                                 errx(1, "gethostbyname2: illegal address");
 544                         memcpy(&sock_in.sin_addr, hp->h_addr_list[0],
 545                             sizeof(sock_in.sin_addr));
 546                         (void)strncpy(snamebuf, hp->h_name,
 547                             sizeof(snamebuf) - 1);
 548                         snamebuf[sizeof(snamebuf) - 1] = '\0';
 549                         shostname = snamebuf;
 550                 }
 551                 if (bind(s, (struct sockaddr *)&sock_in, sizeof sock_in) == -1)
 552                         err(1, "bind");
 553         }
 554
 555         bzero(&whereto, sizeof(whereto));
 556         to = &whereto;
 557         to->sin_family = AF_INET;
 558         to->sin_len = sizeof *to;
 559         if (inet_aton(target, &to->sin_addr) != 0) {
 560                 hostname = target;
 561         } else {
 562                 hp = gethostbyname2(target, AF_INET);
 563                 if (!hp)
 564                         errx(EX_NOHOST, "cannot resolve %s: %s",
 565                             target, hstrerror(h_errno));
 566
 567                 if ((unsigned)hp->h_length > sizeof(to->sin_addr))
 568                         errx(1, "gethostbyname2 returned an illegal address");
 569                 memcpy(&to->sin_addr, hp->h_addr_list[0], sizeof to->sin_addr);
 570                 (void)strncpy(hnamebuf, hp->h_name, sizeof(hnamebuf) - 1);
 571                 hnamebuf[sizeof(hnamebuf) - 1] = '\0';
 572                 hostname = hnamebuf;
 573         }
 574
 575         if (options & F_FLOOD && options & F_INTERVAL)
 576                 errx(EX_USAGE, "-f and -i: incompatible options");
 577
 578         if (options & F_FLOOD && IN_MULTICAST(ntohl(to->sin_addr.s_addr)))
 579                 errx(EX_USAGE,
 580                     "-f flag cannot be used with multicast destination");
 581         if (options & (F_MIF | F_NOLOOP | F_MTTL)
 582             && !IN_MULTICAST(ntohl(to->sin_addr.s_addr)))
 583                 errx(EX_USAGE,
 584                     "-I, -L, -T flags cannot be used with unicast destination");
 585
 586         if (datalen >= TIMEVAL_LEN)     /* can we time transfer */
 587                 timing = 1;
 588
 589         if (!(options & F_PINGFILLED))
 590                 for (i = TIMEVAL_LEN; i < datalen; ++i)
 591                         *datap++ = i;
 592
 593         ident = getpid() & 0xFFFF;
 594
 595         if (s < 0) {
 596                 errno = sockerrno;
 597                 err(EX_OSERR, "socket");
 598         }
 599         hold = 1;
 600         if (options & F_SO_DEBUG)
 601                 (void)setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_DEBUG, (char *)&hold,
 602                     sizeof(hold));
 603         if (options & F_SO_DONTROUTE)
 604                 (void)setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_DONTROUTE, (char *)&hold,
 605                     sizeof(hold));
 606 #ifdef IPSEC
 607 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
 608         if (options & F_POLICY) {
 609                 char *buf;
 610                 if (policy_in != NULL) {
 611                         buf = ipsec_set_policy(policy_in, strlen(policy_in));
 612                         if (buf == NULL)
 613                                 errx(EX_CONFIG, "%s", ipsec_strerror());
 614                         if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_IPSEC_POLICY,
 615                                         buf, ipsec_get_policylen(buf)) < 0)
 616                                 err(EX_CONFIG,
 617                                     "ipsec policy cannot be configured");
 618                         free(buf);
 619                 }
 620
 621                 if (policy_out != NULL) {
 622                         buf = ipsec_set_policy(policy_out, strlen(policy_out));
 623                         if (buf == NULL)
 624                                 errx(EX_CONFIG, "%s", ipsec_strerror());
 625                         if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_IPSEC_POLICY,
 626                                         buf, ipsec_get_policylen(buf)) < 0)
 627                                 err(EX_CONFIG,
 628                                     "ipsec policy cannot be configured");
 629                         free(buf);
 630                 }
 631         }
 632 #endif /*IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC*/
 633 #endif /*IPSEC*/
 634
 635         if (options & F_HDRINCL) {
 636                 ip = (struct ip*)outpackhdr;
 637                 if (!(options & (F_TTL | F_MTTL))) {
 638                         mib[0] = CTL_NET;
 639                         mib[1] = PF_INET;
 640                         mib[2] = IPPROTO_IP;
 641                         mib[3] = IPCTL_DEFTTL;
 642                         sz = sizeof(ttl);
 643                         if (sysctl(mib, 4, &ttl, &sz, NULL, 0) == -1)
 644                                 err(1, "sysctl(net.inet.ip.ttl)");
 645                 }
 646                 setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_HDRINCL, &hold, sizeof(hold));
 647                 ip->ip_v = IPVERSION;
 648                 ip->ip_hl = sizeof(struct ip) >> 2;
 649                 ip->ip_tos = tos;
 650                 ip->ip_id = 0;
 651                 ip->ip_off = df ? IP_DF : 0;
 652                 ip->ip_ttl = ttl;
 653                 ip->ip_p = IPPROTO_ICMP;
 654                 ip->ip_src.s_addr = source ? sock_in.sin_addr.s_addr : INADDR_ANY;
 655                 ip->ip_dst = to->sin_addr;
 656         }
 657         /* record route option */
 658         if (options & F_RROUTE) {
 659 #ifdef IP_OPTIONS
 660                 bzero(rspace, sizeof(rspace));
 661                 rspace[IPOPT_OPTVAL] = IPOPT_RR;
 662                 rspace[IPOPT_OLEN] = sizeof(rspace) - 1;
 663                 rspace[IPOPT_OFFSET] = IPOPT_MINOFF;
 664                 rspace[sizeof(rspace) - 1] = IPOPT_EOL;
 665                 if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_OPTIONS, rspace,
 666                     sizeof(rspace)) < 0)
 667                         err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt IP_OPTIONS");
 668 #else
 669                 errx(EX_UNAVAILABLE,
 670                     "record route not available in this implementation");
 671 #endif /* IP_OPTIONS */
 672         }
 673
 674         if (options & F_TTL) {
 675                 if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_TTL, &ttl,
 676                     sizeof(ttl)) < 0) {
 677                         err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt IP_TTL");
 678                 }
 679         }
 680         if (options & F_NOLOOP) {
 681                 if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_MULTICAST_LOOP, &loop,
 682                     sizeof(loop)) < 0) {
 683                         err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt IP_MULTICAST_LOOP");
 684                 }
 685         }
 686         if (options & F_MTTL) {
 687                 if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_MULTICAST_TTL, &mttl,
 688                     sizeof(mttl)) < 0) {
 689                         err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt IP_MULTICAST_TTL");
 690                 }
 691         }
 692         if (options & F_MIF) {
 693                 if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_MULTICAST_IF, &ifaddr,
 694                     sizeof(ifaddr)) < 0) {
 695                         err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt IP_MULTICAST_IF");
 696                 }
 697         }
 698 #ifdef SO_TIMESTAMP
 699         { int on = 1;
 700         if (setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_TIMESTAMP, &on, sizeof(on)) < 0)
 701                 err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt SO_TIMESTAMP");
 702         }
 703 #endif
 704         if (sweepmax) {
 705                 if (sweepmin >= sweepmax)
 706                         errx(EX_USAGE, "Maximum packet size must be greater than the minimum packet size");
 707
 708                 if (datalen != DEFDATALEN)
 709                         errx(EX_USAGE, "Packet size and ping sweep are mutually exclusive");
 710
 711                 if (npackets > 0) {
 712                         snpackets = npackets;
 713                         npackets = 0;
 714                 } else
 715                         snpackets = 1;
 716                 datalen = sweepmin;
 717                 send_len = icmp_len + sweepmin;
 718         }
 719         if (options & F_SWEEP && !sweepmax)
 720                 errx(EX_USAGE, "Maximum sweep size must be specified");
 721
 722         /*
 723          * When pinging the broadcast address, you can get a lot of answers.
 724          * Doing something so evil is useful if you are trying to stress the
 725          * ethernet, or just want to fill the arp cache to get some stuff for
 726          * /etc/ethers.  But beware: RFC 1122 allows hosts to ignore broadcast
 727          * or multicast pings if they wish.
 728          */
 729
 730         /*
 731          * XXX receive buffer needs undetermined space for mbuf overhead
 732          * as well.
 733          */
 734         hold = IP_MAXPACKET + 128;
 735         (void)setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, (char *)&hold,
 736             sizeof(hold));
 737         if (uid == 0)
 738                 (void)setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, (char *)&hold,
 739                     sizeof(hold));
 740
 741         if (to->sin_family == AF_INET) {
 742                 (void)printf("PING %s (%s)", hostname,
 743                     inet_ntoa(to->sin_addr));
 744                 if (source)
 745                         (void)printf(" from %s", shostname);
 746                 if (sweepmax)
 747                         (void)printf(": (%d ... %d) data bytes\n",
 748                             sweepmin, sweepmax);
 749                 else
 750                         (void)printf(": %d data bytes\n", datalen);
 751
 752         } else {
 753                 if (sweepmax)
 754                         (void)printf("PING %s: (%d ... %d) data bytes\n",
 755                             hostname, sweepmin, sweepmax);
 756                 else
 757                         (void)printf("PING %s: %d data bytes\n", hostname, datalen);
 758         }
 759
 760         /*
 761          * Use sigaction() instead of signal() to get unambiguous semantics,
 762          * in particular with SA_RESTART not set.
 763          */
 764
 765         sigemptyset(&si_sa.sa_mask);
 766         si_sa.sa_flags = 0;
 767
 768         si_sa.sa_handler = stopit;
 769         if (sigaction(SIGINT, &si_sa, 0) == -1) {
 770                 err(EX_OSERR, "sigaction SIGINT");
 771         }
 772
 773         si_sa.sa_handler = status;
 774         if (sigaction(SIGINFO, &si_sa, 0) == -1) {
 775                 err(EX_OSERR, "sigaction");
 776         }
 777
 778         if (alarmtimeout > 0) {
 779                 si_sa.sa_handler = stopit;
 780                 if (sigaction(SIGALRM, &si_sa, 0) == -1)
 781                         err(EX_OSERR, "sigaction SIGALRM");
 782         }
 783
 784         bzero(&msg, sizeof(msg));
 785         msg.msg_name = (caddr_t)&from;
 786         msg.msg_iov = &iov;
 787         msg.msg_iovlen = 1;
 788 #ifdef SO_TIMESTAMP
 789         msg.msg_control = (caddr_t)ctrl;
 790 #endif
 791         iov.iov_base = packet;
 792         iov.iov_len = IP_MAXPACKET;
 793
 794         if (preload == 0)
 795                 pinger();               /* send the first ping */
 796         else {
 797                 if (npackets != 0 && preload > npackets)
 798                         preload = npackets;
 799                 while (preload--)       /* fire off them quickies */
 800                         pinger();
 801         }
 802         (void)gettimeofday(&last, NULL);
 803
 804         if (options & F_FLOOD) {
 805                 intvl.tv_sec = 0;
 806                 intvl.tv_usec = 10000;
 807         } else {
 808                 intvl.tv_sec = interval / 1000;
 809                 intvl.tv_usec = interval % 1000 * 1000;
 810         }
 811
 812         almost_done = 0;
 813         while (!finish_up) {
 814                 struct timeval now, timeout;
 815                 fd_set rfds;
 816                 int cc, n;
 817
 818                 check_status();
 819                 if ((unsigned)s >= FD_SETSIZE)
 820                         errx(EX_OSERR, "descriptor too large");
 821                 FD_ZERO(&rfds);
 822                 FD_SET(s, &rfds);
 823                 (void)gettimeofday(&now, NULL);
 824                 timeout.tv_sec = last.tv_sec + intvl.tv_sec - now.tv_sec;
 825                 timeout.tv_usec = last.tv_usec + intvl.tv_usec - now.tv_usec;
 826                 while (timeout.tv_usec < 0) {
 827                         timeout.tv_usec += 1000000;
 828                         timeout.tv_sec--;
 829                 }
 830                 while (timeout.tv_usec >= 1000000) {
 831                         timeout.tv_usec -= 1000000;
 832                         timeout.tv_sec++;
 833                 }
 834                 if (timeout.tv_sec < 0)
 835                         timeout.tv_sec = timeout.tv_usec = 0;
 836                 n = select(s + 1, &rfds, NULL, NULL, &timeout);
 837                 if (n < 0)
 838                         continue;       /* Must be EINTR. */
 839                 if (n == 1) {
 840                         struct timeval *tv = NULL;
 841 #ifdef SO_TIMESTAMP
 842                         struct cmsghdr *cmsg = (struct cmsghdr *)&ctrl;
 843
 844                         msg.msg_controllen = sizeof(ctrl);
 845 #endif
 846                         msg.msg_namelen = sizeof(from);
 847                         if ((cc = recvmsg(s, &msg, 0)) < 0) {
 848                                 if (errno == EINTR)
 849                                         continue;
 850                                 warn("recvmsg");
 851                                 continue;
 852                         }
 853 #ifdef SO_TIMESTAMP
 854                         if (cmsg->cmsg_level == SOL_SOCKET &&
 855                             cmsg->cmsg_type == SCM_TIMESTAMP &&
 856                             cmsg->cmsg_len == CMSG_LEN(sizeof *tv)) {
 857                                 /* Copy to avoid alignment problems: */
 858                                 memcpy(&now, CMSG_DATA(cmsg), sizeof(now));
 859                                 tv = &now;
 860                         }
 861 #endif
 862                         if (tv == NULL) {
 863                                 (void)gettimeofday(&now, NULL);
 864                                 tv = &now;
 865                         }
 866                         pr_pack((char *)packet, cc, &from, tv);
 867                         if ((options & F_ONCE && nreceived) ||
 868                             (npackets && nreceived >= npackets))
 869                                 break;
 870                 }
 871                 if (n == 0 || options & F_FLOOD) {
 872                         if (sweepmax && sntransmitted == snpackets) {
 873                                 for (i = 0; i < sweepincr ; ++i)
 874                                         *datap++ = i;
 875                                 datalen += sweepincr;
 876                                 if (datalen > sweepmax)
 877                                         break;
 878                                 send_len = icmp_len + datalen;
 879                                 sntransmitted = 0;
 880                         }
 881                         if (!npackets || ntransmitted < npackets)
 882                                 pinger();
 883                         else {
 884                                 if (almost_done)
 885                                         break;
 886                                 almost_done = 1;
 887                                 intvl.tv_usec = 0;
 888                                 if (nreceived) {
 889                                         intvl.tv_sec = 2 * tmax / 1000;
 890                                         if (!intvl.tv_sec)
 891                                                 intvl.tv_sec = 1;
 892                                 } else {
 893                                         intvl.tv_sec = waittime / 1000;
 894                                         intvl.tv_usec = waittime % 1000 * 1000;
 895                                 }
 896                         }
 897                         (void)gettimeofday(&last, NULL);
 898                         if (ntransmitted - nreceived - 1 > nmissedmax) {
 899                                 nmissedmax = ntransmitted - nreceived - 1;
 900                                 if (options & F_MISSED)
 901                                         (void)write(STDOUT_FILENO, &BBELL, 1);
 902                         }
 903                 }
 904         }
 905         finish();
 906         /* NOTREACHED */
 907         exit(0);        /* Make the compiler happy */
 908 }
 909
 910 /*
 911  * stopit --
 912  *      Set the global bit that causes the main loop to quit.
 913  * Do NOT call finish() from here, since finish() does far too much
 914  * to be called from a signal handler.
 915  */
 916 void
 917 stopit(int sig __unused)
 918 {
 919
 920         /*
 921          * When doing reverse DNS lookups, the finish_up flag might not
 922          * be noticed for a while.  Just exit if we get a second SIGINT.
 923          */
 924         if (!(options & F_NUMERIC) && finish_up)
 925                 _exit(nreceived ? 0 : 2);
 926         finish_up = 1;
 927 }
 928
 929 /*
 930  * pinger --
 931  *      Compose and transmit an ICMP ECHO REQUEST packet.  The IP packet
 932  * will be added on by the kernel.  The ID field is our UNIX process ID,
 933  * and the sequence number is an ascending integer.  The first TIMEVAL_LEN
 934  * bytes of the data portion are used to hold a UNIX "timeval" struct in
 935  * host byte-order, to compute the round-trip time.
 936  */
 937 static void
 938 pinger(void)
 939 {
 940         struct timeval now;
 941         struct tv32 tv32;
 942         struct ip *ip;
 943         struct icmp *icp;
 944         int cc, i;
 945         u_char *packet;
 946
 947         packet = outpack;
 948         icp = (struct icmp *)outpack;
 949         icp->icmp_type = icmp_type;
 950         icp->icmp_code = 0;
 951         icp->icmp_cksum = 0;
 952         icp->icmp_seq = htons(ntransmitted);
 953         icp->icmp_id = ident;                   /* ID */
 954
 955         CLR(ntransmitted % mx_dup_ck);
 956
 957         if ((options & F_TIME) || timing) {
 958                 (void)gettimeofday(&now, NULL);
 959
 960                 tv32.tv32_sec = htonl(now.tv_sec);
 961                 tv32.tv32_usec = htonl(now.tv_usec);
 962                 if (options & F_TIME)
 963                         icp->icmp_otime = htonl((now.tv_sec % (24*60*60))
 964                                 * 1000 + now.tv_usec / 1000);
 965                 if (timing)
 966                         bcopy((void *)&tv32,
 967                             (void *)&outpack[ICMP_MINLEN + phdr_len],
 968                             sizeof(tv32));
 969         }
 970
 971         cc = ICMP_MINLEN + phdr_len + datalen;
 972
 973         /* compute ICMP checksum here */
 974         icp->icmp_cksum = in_cksum((u_short *)icp, cc);
 975
 976         if (options & F_HDRINCL) {
 977                 cc += sizeof(struct ip);
 978                 ip = (struct ip *)outpackhdr;
 979                 ip->ip_len = cc;
 980                 ip->ip_sum = in_cksum((u_short *)outpackhdr, cc);
 981                 packet = outpackhdr;
 982         }
 983         i = sendto(s, (char *)packet, cc, 0, (struct sockaddr *)&whereto,
 984             sizeof(whereto));
 985
 986         if (i < 0 || i != cc)  {
 987                 if (i < 0) {
 988                         if (options & F_FLOOD && errno == ENOBUFS) {
 989                                 usleep(FLOOD_BACKOFF);
 990                                 return;
 991                         }
 992                         warn("sendto");
 993                 } else {
 994                         warn("%s: partial write: %d of %d bytes",
 995                              hostname, i, cc);
 996                 }
 997         }
 998         ntransmitted++;
 999         sntransmitted++;
1000         if (!(options & F_QUIET) && options & F_FLOOD)
1001                 (void)write(STDOUT_FILENO, &DOT, 1);
1002 }
1003
1004 /*
1005  * pr_pack --
1006  *      Print out the packet, if it came from us.  This logic is necessary
1007  * because ALL readers of the ICMP socket get a copy of ALL ICMP packets
1008  * which arrive ('tis only fair).  This permits multiple copies of this
1009  * program to be run without having intermingled output (or statistics!).
1010  */
1011 static void
1012 pr_pack(char *buf, int cc, struct sockaddr_in *from, struct timeval *tv)
1013 {
1014         struct in_addr ina;
1015         u_char *cp, *dp;
1016         struct icmp *icp;
1017         struct ip *ip;
1018         const void *tp;
1019         double triptime;
1020         int dupflag, hlen, i, j, recv_len, seq;
1021         static int old_rrlen;
1022         static char old_rr[MAX_IPOPTLEN];
1023
1024         /* Check the IP header */
1025         ip = (struct ip *)buf;
1026         hlen = ip->ip_hl << 2;
1027         recv_len = cc;
1028         if (cc < hlen + ICMP_MINLEN) {
1029                 if (options & F_VERBOSE)
1030                         warn("packet too short (%d bytes) from %s", cc,
1031                              inet_ntoa(from->sin_addr));
1032                 return;
1033         }
1034
1035         /* Now the ICMP part */
1036         cc -= hlen;
1037         icp = (struct icmp *)(buf + hlen);
1038         if (icp->icmp_type == icmp_type_rsp) {
1039                 if (icp->icmp_id != ident)
1040                         return;                 /* 'Twas not our ECHO */
1041                 ++nreceived;
1042                 triptime = 0.0;
1043                 if (timing) {
1044                         struct timeval tv1;
1045                         struct tv32 tv32;
1046 #ifndef icmp_data
1047                         tp = &icp->icmp_ip;
1048 #else
1049                         tp = icp->icmp_data;
1050 #endif
1051                         tp = (const char *)tp + phdr_len;
1052
1053                         if (cc - ICMP_MINLEN - phdr_len >= sizeof(tv1)) {
1054                                 /* Copy to avoid alignment problems: */
1055                                 memcpy(&tv32, tp, sizeof(tv32));
1056                                 tv1.tv_sec = ntohl(tv32.tv32_sec);
1057                                 tv1.tv_usec = ntohl(tv32.tv32_usec);
1058                                 tvsub(tv, &tv1);
1059                                 triptime = ((double)tv->tv_sec) * 1000.0 +
1060                                     ((double)tv->tv_usec) / 1000.0;
1061                                 tsum += triptime;
1062                                 tsumsq += triptime * triptime;
1063                                 if (triptime < tmin)
1064                                         tmin = triptime;
1065                                 if (triptime > tmax)
1066                                         tmax = triptime;
1067                         } else
1068                                 timing = 0;
1069                 }
1070
1071                 seq = ntohs(icp->icmp_seq);
1072
1073                 if (TST(seq % mx_dup_ck)) {
1074                         ++nrepeats;
1075                         --nreceived;
1076                         dupflag = 1;
1077                 } else {
1078                         SET(seq % mx_dup_ck);
1079                         dupflag = 0;
1080                 }
1081
1082                 if (options & F_QUIET)
1083                         return;
1084
1085                 if (options & F_WAITTIME && triptime > waittime) {
1086                         ++nrcvtimeout;
1087                         return;
1088                 }
1089
1090                 if (options & F_FLOOD)
1091                         (void)write(STDOUT_FILENO, &BSPACE, 1);
1092                 else {
1093                         (void)printf("%d bytes from %s: icmp_seq=%u", cc,
1094                            inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr *)&from->sin_addr.s_addr),
1095                            seq);
1096                         (void)printf(" ttl=%d", ip->ip_ttl);
1097                         if (timing)
1098                                 (void)printf(" time=%.3f ms", triptime);
1099                         if (dupflag)
1100                                 (void)printf(" (DUP!)");
1101                         if (options & F_AUDIBLE)
1102                                 (void)write(STDOUT_FILENO, &BBELL, 1);
1103                         if (options & F_MASK) {
1104                                 /* Just prentend this cast isn't ugly */
1105                                 (void)printf(" mask=%s",
1106                                         pr_addr(*(struct in_addr *)&(icp->icmp_mask)));
1107                         }
1108                         if (options & F_TIME) {
1109                                 (void)printf(" tso=%s", pr_ntime(icp->icmp_otime));
1110                                 (void)printf(" tsr=%s", pr_ntime(icp->icmp_rtime));
1111                                 (void)printf(" tst=%s", pr_ntime(icp->icmp_ttime));
1112                         }
1113                         if (recv_len != send_len) {
1114                                 (void)printf(
1115                                      "\nwrong total length %d instead of %d",
1116                                      recv_len, send_len);
1117                         }
1118                         /* check the data */
1119                         cp = (u_char*)&icp->icmp_data[phdr_len];
1120                         dp = &outpack[ICMP_MINLEN + phdr_len];
1121                         cc -= ICMP_MINLEN + phdr_len;
1122                         i = 0;
1123                         if (timing) {   /* don't check variable timestamp */
1124                                 cp += TIMEVAL_LEN;
1125                                 dp += TIMEVAL_LEN;
1126                                 cc -= TIMEVAL_LEN;
1127                                 i += TIMEVAL_LEN;
1128                         }
1129                         for (; i < datalen && cc > 0; ++i, ++cp, ++dp, --cc) {
1130                                 if (*cp != *dp) {
1131         (void)printf("\nwrong data byte #%d should be 0x%x but was 0x%x",
1132             i, *dp, *cp);
1133                                         (void)printf("\ncp:");
1134                                         cp = (u_char*)&icp->icmp_data[0];
1135                                         for (i = 0; i < datalen; ++i, ++cp) {
1136                                                 if ((i % 16) == 8)
1137                                                         (void)printf("\n\t");
1138                                                 (void)printf("%2x ", *cp);
1139                                         }
1140                                         (void)printf("\ndp:");
1141                                         cp = &outpack[ICMP_MINLEN];
1142                                         for (i = 0; i < datalen; ++i, ++cp) {
1143                                                 if ((i % 16) == 8)
1144                                                         (void)printf("\n\t");
1145                                                 (void)printf("%2x ", *cp);
1146                                         }
1147                                         break;
1148                                 }
1149                         }
1150                 }
1151         } else {
1152                 /*
1153                  * We've got something other than an ECHOREPLY.
1154                  * See if it's a reply to something that we sent.
1155                  * We can compare IP destination, protocol,
1156                  * and ICMP type and ID.
1157                  *
1158                  * Only print all the error messages if we are running
1159                  * as root to avoid leaking information not normally
1160                  * available to those not running as root.
1161                  */
1162 #ifndef icmp_data
1163                 struct ip *oip = &icp->icmp_ip;
1164 #else
1165                 struct ip *oip = (struct ip *)icp->icmp_data;
1166 #endif
1167                 struct icmp *oicmp = (struct icmp *)(oip + 1);
1168
1169                 if (((options & F_VERBOSE) && uid == 0) ||
1170                     (!(options & F_QUIET2) &&
1171                      (oip->ip_dst.s_addr == whereto.sin_addr.s_addr) &&
1172                      (oip->ip_p == IPPROTO_ICMP) &&
1173                      (oicmp->icmp_type == ICMP_ECHO) &&
1174                      (oicmp->icmp_id == ident))) {
1175                     (void)printf("%d bytes from %s: ", cc,
1176                         pr_addr(from->sin_addr));
1177                     pr_icmph(icp);
1178                 } else
1179                     return;
1180         }
1181
1182         /* Display any IP options */
1183         cp = (u_char *)buf + sizeof(struct ip);
1184
1185         for (; hlen > (int)sizeof(struct ip); --hlen, ++cp)
1186                 switch (*cp) {
1187                 case IPOPT_EOL:
1188                         hlen = 0;
1189                         break;
1190                 case IPOPT_LSRR:
1191                 case IPOPT_SSRR:
1192                         (void)printf(*cp == IPOPT_LSRR ?
1193                             "\nLSRR: " : "\nSSRR: ");
1194                         j = cp[IPOPT_OLEN] - IPOPT_MINOFF + 1;
1195                         hlen -= 2;
1196                         cp += 2;
1197                         if (j >= INADDR_LEN &&
1198                             j <= hlen - (int)sizeof(struct ip)) {
1199                                 for (;;) {
1200                                         bcopy(++cp, &ina.s_addr, INADDR_LEN);
1201                                         if (ina.s_addr == 0)
1202                                                 (void)printf("\t0.0.0.0");
1203                                         else
1204                                                 (void)printf("\t%s",
1205                                                      pr_addr(ina));
1206                                         hlen -= INADDR_LEN;
1207                                         cp += INADDR_LEN - 1;
1208                                         j -= INADDR_LEN;
1209                                         if (j < INADDR_LEN)
1210                                                 break;
1211                                         (void)putchar('\n');
1212                                 }
1213                         } else
1214                                 (void)printf("\t(truncated route)\n");
1215                         break;
1216                 case IPOPT_RR:
1217                         j = cp[IPOPT_OLEN];             /* get length */
1218                         i = cp[IPOPT_OFFSET];           /* and pointer */
1219                         hlen -= 2;
1220                         cp += 2;
1221                         if (i > j)
1222                                 i = j;
1223                         i = i - IPOPT_MINOFF + 1;
1224                         if (i < 0 || i > (hlen - (int)sizeof(struct ip))) {
1225                                 old_rrlen = 0;
1226                                 continue;
1227                         }
1228                         if (i == old_rrlen
1229                             && !bcmp((char *)cp, old_rr, i)
1230                             && !(options & F_FLOOD)) {
1231                                 (void)printf("\t(same route)");
1232                                 hlen -= i;
1233                                 cp += i;
1234                                 break;
1235                         }
1236                         old_rrlen = i;
1237                         bcopy((char *)cp, old_rr, i);
1238                         (void)printf("\nRR: ");
1239                         if (i >= INADDR_LEN &&
1240                             i <= hlen - (int)sizeof(struct ip)) {
1241                                 for (;;) {
1242                                         bcopy(++cp, &ina.s_addr, INADDR_LEN);
1243                                         if (ina.s_addr == 0)
1244                                                 (void)printf("\t0.0.0.0");
1245                                         else
1246                                                 (void)printf("\t%s",
1247                                                      pr_addr(ina));
1248                                         hlen -= INADDR_LEN;
1249                                         cp += INADDR_LEN - 1;
1250                                         i -= INADDR_LEN;
1251                                         if (i < INADDR_LEN)
1252                                                 break;
1253                                         (void)putchar('\n');
1254                                 }
1255                         } else
1256                                 (void)printf("\t(truncated route)");
1257                         break;
1258                 case IPOPT_NOP:
1259                         (void)printf("\nNOP");
1260                         break;
1261                 default:
1262                         (void)printf("\nunknown option %x", *cp);
1263                         break;
1264                 }
1265         if (!(options & F_FLOOD)) {
1266                 (void)putchar('\n');
1267                 (void)fflush(stdout);
1268         }
1269 }
1270
1271 /*
1272  * in_cksum --
1273  *      Checksum routine for Internet Protocol family headers (C Version)
1274  */
1275 u_short
1276 in_cksum(u_short *addr, int len)
1277 {
1278         int nleft, sum;
1279         u_short *w;
1280         union {
1281                 u_short us;
1282                 u_char  uc[2];
1283         } last;
1284         u_short answer;
1285
1286         nleft = len;
1287         sum = 0;
1288         w = addr;
1289
1290         /*
1291          * Our algorithm is simple, using a 32 bit accumulator (sum), we add
1292          * sequential 16 bit words to it, and at the end, fold back all the
1293          * carry bits from the top 16 bits into the lower 16 bits.
1294          */
1295         while (nleft > 1)  {
1296                 sum += *w++;
1297                 nleft -= 2;
1298         }
1299
1300         /* mop up an odd byte, if necessary */
1301         if (nleft == 1) {
1302                 last.uc[0] = *(u_char *)w;
1303                 last.uc[1] = 0;
1304                 sum += last.us;
1305         }
1306
1307         /* add back carry outs from top 16 bits to low 16 bits */
1308         sum = (sum >> 16) + (sum & 0xffff);     /* add hi 16 to low 16 */
1309         sum += (sum >> 16);                     /* add carry */
1310         answer = ~sum;                          /* truncate to 16 bits */
1311         return(answer);
1312 }
1313
1314 /*
1315  * tvsub --
1316  *      Subtract 2 timeval structs:  out = out - in.  Out is assumed to
1317  * be >= in.
1318  */
1319 static void
1320 tvsub(struct timeval *out, const struct timeval *in)
1321 {
1322
1323         if ((out->tv_usec -= in->tv_usec) < 0) {
1324                 --out->tv_sec;
1325                 out->tv_usec += 1000000;
1326         }
1327         out->tv_sec -= in->tv_sec;
1328 }
1329
1330 /*
1331  * status --
1332  *      Print out statistics when SIGINFO is received.
1333  */
1334
1335 static void
1336 status(int sig __unused)
1337 {
1338
1339         siginfo_p = 1;
1340 }
1341
1342 static void
1343 check_status(void)
1344 {
1345
1346         if (siginfo_p) {
1347                 siginfo_p = 0;
1348                 (void)fprintf(stderr, "\r%ld/%ld packets received (%.1f%%)",
1349                     nreceived, ntransmitted,
1350                     ntransmitted ? nreceived * 100.0 / ntransmitted : 0.0);
1351                 if (nreceived && timing)
1352                         (void)fprintf(stderr, " %.3f min / %.3f avg / %.3f max",
1353                             tmin, tsum / (nreceived + nrepeats), tmax);
1354                 (void)fprintf(stderr, "\n");
1355         }
1356 }
1357
1358 /*
1359  * finish --
1360  *      Print out statistics, and give up.
1361  */
1362 static void
1363 finish(void)
1364 {
1365
1366         (void)signal(SIGINT, SIG_IGN);
1367         (void)signal(SIGALRM, SIG_IGN);
1368         (void)putchar('\n');
1369         (void)fflush(stdout);
1370         (void)printf("--- %s ping statistics ---\n", hostname);
1371         (void)printf("%ld packets transmitted, ", ntransmitted);
1372         (void)printf("%ld packets received, ", nreceived);
1373         if (nrepeats)
1374                 (void)printf("+%ld duplicates, ", nrepeats);
1375         if (ntransmitted) {
1376                 if (nreceived > ntransmitted)
1377                         (void)printf("-- somebody's printing up packets!");
1378                 else
1379                         (void)printf("%.1f%% packet loss",
1380                             ((ntransmitted - nreceived) * 100.0) /
1381                             ntransmitted);
1382         }
1383         if (nrcvtimeout)
1384                 (void)printf(", %ld packets out of wait time", nrcvtimeout);
1385         (void)putchar('\n');
1386         if (nreceived && timing) {
1387                 double n = nreceived + nrepeats;
1388                 double avg = tsum / n;
1389                 double vari = tsumsq / n - avg * avg;
1390                 (void)printf(
1391                     "round-trip min/avg/max/stddev = %.3f/%.3f/%.3f/%.3f ms\n",
1392                     tmin, avg, tmax, sqrt(vari));
1393         }
1394
1395         if (nreceived)
1396                 exit(0);
1397         else
1398                 exit(2);
1399 }
1400
1401 #ifdef notdef
1402 static char *ttab[] = {
1403         "Echo Reply",           /* ip + seq + udata */
1404         "Dest Unreachable",     /* net, host, proto, port, frag, sr + IP */
1405         "Source Quench",        /* IP */
1406         "Redirect",             /* redirect type, gateway, + IP  */
1407         "Echo",
1408         "Time Exceeded",        /* transit, frag reassem + IP */
1409         "Parameter Problem",    /* pointer + IP */
1410         "Timestamp",            /* id + seq + three timestamps */
1411         "Timestamp Reply",      /* " */
1412         "Info Request",         /* id + sq */
1413         "Info Reply"            /* " */
1414 };
1415 #endif
1416
1417 /*
1418  * pr_icmph --
1419  *      Print a descriptive string about an ICMP header.
1420  */
1421 static void
1422 pr_icmph(struct icmp *icp)
1423 {
1424
1425         switch(icp->icmp_type) {
1426         case ICMP_ECHOREPLY:
1427                 (void)printf("Echo Reply\n");
1428                 /* XXX ID + Seq + Data */
1429                 break;
1430         case ICMP_UNREACH:
1431                 switch(icp->icmp_code) {
1432                 case ICMP_UNREACH_NET:
1433                         (void)printf("Destination Net Unreachable\n");
1434                         break;
1435                 case ICMP_UNREACH_HOST:
1436                         (void)printf("Destination Host Unreachable\n");
1437                         break;
1438                 case ICMP_UNREACH_PROTOCOL:
1439                         (void)printf("Destination Protocol Unreachable\n");
1440                         break;
1441                 case ICMP_UNREACH_PORT:
1442                         (void)printf("Destination Port Unreachable\n");
1443                         break;
1444                 case ICMP_UNREACH_NEEDFRAG:
1445                         (void)printf("frag needed and DF set (MTU %d)\n",
1446                                         ntohs(icp->icmp_nextmtu));
1447                         break;
1448                 case ICMP_UNREACH_SRCFAIL:
1449                         (void)printf("Source Route Failed\n");
1450                         break;
1451                 case ICMP_UNREACH_FILTER_PROHIB:
1452                         (void)printf("Communication prohibited by filter\n");
1453                         break;
1454                 default:
1455                         (void)printf("Dest Unreachable, Bad Code: %d\n",
1456                             icp->icmp_code);
1457                         break;
1458                 }
1459                 /* Print returned IP header information */
1460 #ifndef icmp_data
1461                 pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip);
1462 #else
1463                 pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data);
1464 #endif
1465                 break;
1466         case ICMP_SOURCEQUENCH:
1467                 (void)printf("Source Quench\n");
1468 #ifndef icmp_data
1469                 pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip);
1470 #else
1471                 pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data);
1472 #endif
1473                 break;
1474         case ICMP_REDIRECT:
1475                 switch(icp->icmp_code) {
1476                 case ICMP_REDIRECT_NET:
1477                         (void)printf("Redirect Network");
1478                         break;
1479                 case ICMP_REDIRECT_HOST:
1480                         (void)printf("Redirect Host");
1481                         break;
1482                 case ICMP_REDIRECT_TOSNET:
1483                         (void)printf("Redirect Type of Service and Network");
1484                         break;
1485                 case ICMP_REDIRECT_TOSHOST:
1486                         (void)printf("Redirect Type of Service and Host");
1487                         break;
1488                 default:
1489                         (void)printf("Redirect, Bad Code: %d", icp->icmp_code);
1490                         break;
1491                 }
1492                 (void)printf("(New addr: %s)\n", inet_ntoa(icp->icmp_gwaddr));
1493 #ifndef icmp_data
1494                 pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip);
1495 #else
1496                 pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data);
1497 #endif
1498                 break;
1499         case ICMP_ECHO:
1500                 (void)printf("Echo Request\n");
1501                 /* XXX ID + Seq + Data */
1502                 break;
1503         case ICMP_TIMXCEED:
1504                 switch(icp->icmp_code) {
1505                 case ICMP_TIMXCEED_INTRANS:
1506                         (void)printf("Time to live exceeded\n");
1507                         break;
1508                 case ICMP_TIMXCEED_REASS:
1509                         (void)printf("Frag reassembly time exceeded\n");
1510                         break;
1511                 default:
1512                         (void)printf("Time exceeded, Bad Code: %d\n",
1513                             icp->icmp_code);
1514                         break;
1515                 }
1516 #ifndef icmp_data
1517                 pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip);
1518 #else
1519                 pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data);
1520 #endif
1521                 break;
1522         case ICMP_PARAMPROB:
1523                 (void)printf("Parameter problem: pointer = 0x%02x\n",
1524                     icp->icmp_hun.ih_pptr);
1525 #ifndef icmp_data
1526                 pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip);
1527 #else
1528                 pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data);
1529 #endif
1530                 break;
1531         case ICMP_TSTAMP:
1532                 (void)printf("Timestamp\n");
1533                 /* XXX ID + Seq + 3 timestamps */
1534                 break;
1535         case ICMP_TSTAMPREPLY:
1536                 (void)printf("Timestamp Reply\n");
1537                 /* XXX ID + Seq + 3 timestamps */
1538                 break;
1539         case ICMP_IREQ:
1540                 (void)printf("Information Request\n");
1541                 /* XXX ID + Seq */
1542                 break;
1543         case ICMP_IREQREPLY:
1544                 (void)printf("Information Reply\n");
1545                 /* XXX ID + Seq */
1546                 break;
1547         case ICMP_MASKREQ:
1548                 (void)printf("Address Mask Request\n");
1549                 break;
1550         case ICMP_MASKREPLY:
1551                 (void)printf("Address Mask Reply\n");
1552                 break;
1553         case ICMP_ROUTERADVERT:
1554                 (void)printf("Router Advertisement\n");
1555                 break;
1556         case ICMP_ROUTERSOLICIT:
1557                 (void)printf("Router Solicitation\n");
1558                 break;
1559         default:
1560                 (void)printf("Bad ICMP type: %d\n", icp->icmp_type);
1561         }
1562 }
1563
1564 /*
1565  * pr_iph --
1566  *      Print an IP header with options.
1567  */
1568 static void
1569 pr_iph(struct ip *ip)
1570 {
1571         u_char *cp;
1572         int hlen;
1573
1574         hlen = ip->ip_hl << 2;
1575         cp = (u_char *)ip + 20;         /* point to options */
1576
1577         (void)printf("Vr HL TOS  Len   ID Flg  off TTL Pro  cks      Src      Dst\n");
1578         (void)printf(" %1x  %1x  %02x %04x %04x",
1579             ip->ip_v, ip->ip_hl, ip->ip_tos, ntohs(ip->ip_len),
1580             ntohs(ip->ip_id));
1581         (void)printf("   %1lx %04lx",
1582             (u_long) (ntohl(ip->ip_off) & 0xe000) >> 13,
1583             (u_long) ntohl(ip->ip_off) & 0x1fff);
1584         (void)printf("  %02x  %02x %04x", ip->ip_ttl, ip->ip_p,
1585                                                             ntohs(ip->ip_sum));
1586         (void)printf(" %s ", inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr *)&ip->ip_src.s_addr));
1587         (void)printf(" %s ", inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr *)&ip->ip_dst.s_addr));
1588         /* dump any option bytes */
1589         while (hlen-- > 20) {
1590                 (void)printf("%02x", *cp++);
1591         }
1592         (void)putchar('\n');
1593 }
1594
1595 /*
1596  * pr_addr --
1597  *      Return an ascii host address as a dotted quad and optionally with
1598  * a hostname.
1599  */
1600 static char *
1601 pr_addr(struct in_addr ina)
1602 {
1603         struct hostent *hp;
1604         static char buf[16 + 3 + MAXHOSTNAMELEN];
1605
1606         if ((options & F_NUMERIC) ||
1607             !(hp = gethostbyaddr((char *)&ina, 4, AF_INET)))
1608                 return inet_ntoa(ina);
1609         else
1610                 (void)snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%s (%s)", hp->h_name,
1611                     inet_ntoa(ina));
1612         return(buf);
1613 }
1614
1615 /*
1616  * pr_retip --
1617  *      Dump some info on a returned (via ICMP) IP packet.
1618  */
1619 static void
1620 pr_retip(struct ip *ip)
1621 {
1622         u_char *cp;
1623         int hlen;
1624
1625         pr_iph(ip);
1626         hlen = ip->ip_hl << 2;
1627         cp = (u_char *)ip + hlen;
1628
1629         if (ip->ip_p == 6)
1630                 (void)printf("TCP: from port %u, to port %u (decimal)\n",
1631                     (*cp * 256 + *(cp + 1)), (*(cp + 2) * 256 + *(cp + 3)));
1632         else if (ip->ip_p == 17)
1633                 (void)printf("UDP: from port %u, to port %u (decimal)\n",
1634                         (*cp * 256 + *(cp + 1)), (*(cp + 2) * 256 + *(cp + 3)));
1635 }
1636
1637 static char *
1638 pr_ntime(n_time timestamp)
1639 {
1640         static char buf[10];
1641         int hour, min, sec;
1642
1643         sec = ntohl(timestamp) / 1000;
1644         hour = sec / 60 / 60;
1645         min = (sec % (60 * 60)) / 60;
1646         sec = (sec % (60 * 60)) % 60;
1647
1648         (void)snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%02d:%02d:%02d", hour, min, sec);
1649
1650         return (buf);
1651 }
1652
1653 static void
1654 fill(char *bp, char *patp)
1655 {
1656         char *cp;
1657         int pat[16];
1658         u_int ii, jj, kk;
1659
1660         for (cp = patp; *cp; cp++) {
1661                 if (!isxdigit(*cp))
1662                         errx(EX_USAGE,
1663                             "patterns must be specified as hex digits");
1664
1665         }
1666         ii = sscanf(patp,
1667             "%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x",
1668             &pat[0], &pat[1], &pat[2], &pat[3], &pat[4], &pat[5], &pat[6],
1669             &pat[7], &pat[8], &pat[9], &pat[10], &pat[11], &pat[12],
1670             &pat[13], &pat[14], &pat[15]);
1671
1672         if (ii > 0)
1673                 for (kk = 0; kk <= maxpayload - (TIMEVAL_LEN + ii); kk += ii)
1674                         for (jj = 0; jj < ii; ++jj)
1675                                 bp[jj + kk] = pat[jj];
1676         if (!(options & F_QUIET)) {
1677                 (void)printf("PATTERN: 0x");
1678                 for (jj = 0; jj < ii; ++jj)
1679                         (void)printf("%02x", bp[jj] & 0xFF);
1680                 (void)printf("\n");
1681         }
1682 }
1683
1684 #if defined(IPSEC) && defined(IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC)
1685 #define SECOPT          " [-P policy]"
1686 #else
1687 #define SECOPT          ""
1688 #endif
1689 static void
1690 usage(void)
1691 {
1692
1693         (void)fprintf(stderr, "%s\n%s\n%s\n%s\n%s\n%s\n%s\n%s\n",
1694 "usage: ping [-AaDdfnoQqRrv] [-c count] [-G sweepmaxsize] [-g sweepminsize]",
1695 "            [-h sweepincrsize] [-i wait] [-l preload] [-M mask | time] [-m ttl]",
1696 "           " SECOPT " [-p pattern] [-S src_addr] [-s packetsize] [-t timeout]",
1697 "            [-W waittime] [-z tos] host",
1698 "       ping [-AaDdfLnoQqRrv] [-c count] [-I iface] [-i wait] [-l preload]",
1699 "            [-M mask | time] [-m ttl]" SECOPT " [-p pattern] [-S src_addr]",
1700 "            [-s packetsize] [-T ttl] [-t timeout] [-W waittime]",
1701 "            [-z tos] mcast-group");
1702         exit(EX_USAGE);
1703 }