1 Updating Information for FreeBSD current users
3 This file is maintained and copyrighted by M. Warner Losh <imp@freebsd.org>.
4 See end of file for further details. For commonly done items, please see the
5 COMMON ITEMS: section later in the file. These instructions assume that you
6 basically know what you are doing. If not, then please consult the FreeBSD
9 http://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/makeworld.html
11 Items affecting the ports and packages system can be found in
12 /usr/ports/UPDATING. Please read that file before running portupgrade.
14 20160604 p44 FreeBSD-SA-16:24.ntp
16 Fix multiple vulnerabilities of ntp.
18 20160531 p43 FreeBSD-SA-16:20.linux
19 FreeBSD-SA-16:21.43bsd
20 FreeBSD-SA-16:22.libarchive
21 FreeBSD-SA-16:23.libarchive
23 Fix kernel stack disclosure in Linux compatibility layer. [SA-16:20]
24 Fix kernel stack disclosure in 4.3BSD compatibility layer. [SA-16:21]
25 Fix directory traversal in cpio(1). [SA-16:22]
26 Fix buffer overflow in libarchive(3). [SA-16:23]
28 20160517 p42 FreeBSD-SA-16:18.atkbd
30 Fix buffer overflow in keyboard driver. [SA-16:18]
32 20160504 p41 FreeBSD-SA-16:17.openssl
35 Fix multiple OpenSSL vulnerabilitites. [SA-16:17]
37 Fix memory leak in ZFS. [EN-16:08]
39 20160429 p40 FreeBSD-SA-16:16.ntp
41 Fix multiple vulnerabilities of ntp.
43 20160316 p39 FreeBSD-SA-16:14.openssh-xauth
44 FreeBSD-SA-16:15.sysarch
46 Fix OpenSSH xauth(1) command injection. [SA-16:14]
47 Fix incorrect argument validation in sysarch(2). [SA-16:15]
49 20160310 p38 FreeBSD-SA-16:13.bind
50 FreeBSD-SA-16:12.openssl [revised]
52 Fix multiple vulnerabilities of BIND. [SA-16:13]
54 Fix a regression with OpenSSL patch. [SA-16:12]
56 20160303 p37 FreeBSD-SA-16:12.openssl
58 Fix multiple vulnerabilities of OpenSSL.
60 20160130 p36 FreeBSD-SA-16:11.openssl
62 Fix OpenSSL SSLv2 ciphersuite downgrade vulnerability. [SA-16:11]
64 20160127 p35 FreeBSD-SA-16:08.bind
66 FreeBSD-SA-16:10.linux
68 Fix BIND remote denial of service vulnerability. [SA-16:08]
70 Fix multiple vulnerabilities of ntp. [SA-16:09]
72 Fix Linux compatibility layer issetugid(2) system call
73 vulnerability. [SA-16:10]
75 20160114 p34 FreeBSD-SA-16:07.openssh
77 Fix OpenSSH client information leak. [SA-16:07]
79 20160114 p33 FreeBSD-EN-16:02.pf
80 FreeBSD-EN-16:03.yplib
83 FreeBSD-SA-16:03.linux
84 FreeBSD-SA-16:04.linux
86 FreeBSD-SA-16:06.bsnmpd
88 Fix pf(4) generating bad TCP checksums. [EN-16:02]
89 Fix infinite loop in YP/NIS client library. [EN-16:03]
90 Fix remote denial of service in SCTP. [SA-16:01]
91 Update NTP to 4.2.8p5. [SA-16:02]
92 Fix kernel memory diclosure in Linux compatibility layer. [SA-16:03]
93 Fix kernel memory overwrite in Linux compatibility layer. [SA-16:04]
94 Fix crash in TCP MD5 signatures. [SA-16:05]
95 Fix insecure default permissions for snmpd.config. [SA-16:06]
97 20151216 p32 FreeBSD-SA-15:27.bind
98 Fix BIND remote denial of service vulnerability. [SA-15:27]
100 20151205 p31 FreeBSD-SA-15:26.openssl
102 Fix OpenSSL X509_ATTRIBUTE memory leak. [SA-15:26]
104 20151104 p30 FreeBSD-SA-15:25.ntp [revised]
105 FreeBSD-EN-15:19.kqueue
108 Fix regression of ntpq(8) utility exiting due to trap 6 in
109 9.3-RELEASE-p29. [SA-15:25]
111 Fix regression in ntpd(8) lacking support for RAWDCF reference
112 clock in 9.3-RELEASE-p29. [SA-15:25]
114 Fix kqueue write events never fired for files greater 2GB. [EN-15:19]
116 Fix applications exiting due to segmentation violation on a correct
117 memory address. [EN-15:20]
119 20151026: p29 FreeBSD-SA-15:25.ntp
121 Fix multiple NTP vulnerabilities. New NTP version is 4.2.8p4.
123 The configuration file syntax has been changed, thus mergemaster
124 run is recommended. Now the "kod" parameter requires "limited"
125 parameter. If the ntp.conf is not updated, the ntpd will run
126 successfully, but with KoD disabled.
128 20151002: p28 FreeBSD-SA-15:24.rpcbind [revised]
129 Revised patch to address a regression that prevents NIS from working.
131 20150929: p27 FreeBSD-SA-15:24.rpcbind
133 Fix rpcbind(8) remote denial of service. [SA-15:24]
135 20150916: p26 FreeBSD-EN-15:18.pkg
137 Implement pubkey support for pkg(7) bootstrap. [EN-15:18]
139 20150902: p25 FreeBSD-SA-15:23.bind
141 Fix BIND remote denial of service vulnerability. [SA-15:23]
143 20150825: p24 FreeBSD-SA-15:21.amd64
144 FreeBSD-SA-15:22.openssh
147 Fix local privilege escalation in IRET handler. [SA-15:21]
149 Fix OpenSSH multiple vulnerabilities. [SA-15:22]
151 Fix insufficient check of unsupported pkg(7) signature methods.
154 20150818: p23 FreeBSD-SA-15:20.expat
156 Fix multiple integer overflows in expat (libbsdxml) XML parser.
159 20150805: p22 FreeBSD-SA-15:19.routed
161 Fix routed remote denial of service vulnerability.
163 20150728: p21 FreeBSD-SA-15:15.tcp
164 FreeBSD-SA-15:16.openssh
165 FreeBSD-SA-15:17.bind
167 Fix resource exhaustion in TCP reassembly. [SA-15:15]
169 Fix OpenSSH multiple vulnerabilities. [SA-15:16]
171 Fix BIND remote denial of service vulnerability. [SA-15:17]
173 20150721: p20 FreeBSD-SA-15:13.tcp
175 Fix resource exhaustion due to sessions stuck in LAST_ACK state.
178 20150707: p19 FreeBSD-SA-15:11.bind
179 Fix BIND resolver remote denial of service when validating.
181 20150630: p18 FreeBSD-EN-15:08.sendmail [revised]
182 FreeBSD-EN-15:09.xlocale
184 Improvements to sendmail TLS/DH interoperability. [EN-15:08]
186 Fix inconsistency between locale and rune locale states.
189 20150618: p17 FreeBSD-EN-15:08.sendmail
190 Improvements to sendmail TLS/DH interoperability. [EN-15:08]
192 20150612: p16 FreeBSD-SA-15:10.openssl
193 Fix multiple vulnerabilities in OpenSSL. [SA-15:10]
195 20150609: p15 FreeBSD-EN-15:06.file
197 Updated base system file(1) to 5.22 to address multiple denial
200 20150513: p14 FreeBSD-EN-15:04.freebsd-update
202 Fix bug with freebsd-update(8) that does not ensure the previous
203 upgrade was completed. [EN-15:04]
205 20150407: p13 FreeBSD-SA-15:04.igmp [revised]
207 FreeBSD-SA-15:09.ipv6
209 Improved patch for SA-15:04.igmp.
211 Fix multiple vulnerabilities of ntp. [SA-15:07]
213 Fix Denial of Service with IPv6 Router Advertisements. [SA-15:09]
216 Fix patch for SA-15:06.openssl.
218 20150319: p11 FreeBSD-SA-15:06.openssl
219 Fix multiple vulnerabilities in OpenSSL. [SA-15:06]
221 20150225: p10 FreeBSD-SA-15:04.igmp
222 FreeBSD-SA-15:05.bind
224 FreeBSD-EN-15:02.openssl
225 FreeBSD-EN-15:03.freebsd-update
227 Fix integer overflow in IGMP protocol. [SA-15:04]
229 Fix BIND remote denial of service vulnerability. [SA-15:05]
231 Fix vt(4) crash with improper ioctl parameters. [EN-15:01]
233 Updated base system OpenSSL to 0.9.8zd. [EN-15:02]
235 Fix freebsd-update libraries update ordering issue. [EN-15:03]
237 20150127: p9 FreeBSD-SA-15:02.kmem
238 FreeBSD-SA-15:03.sctp
240 Fix SCTP SCTP_SS_VALUE kernel memory corruption and disclosure
241 vulnerability. [SA-15:02]
243 Fix SCTP stream reset vulnerability. [SA-15:03]
245 20150114: p8 FreeBSD-SA-15:01.openssl
246 Fix multiple vulnerabilities in OpenSSL. [SA-15:01]
248 20141223: p7 FreeBSD-SA-14:31.ntp
249 FreeBSD-EN-14:13.freebsd-update
251 Fix multiple vulnerabilities in NTP suite. [SA-14:31]
252 Fix directory deletion issue in freebsd-update. [EN-14:13]
254 20141210: p6 FreeBSD-SA-14:28.file
255 FreeBSD-SA-14:29.bind
257 Fix multiple vulnerabilities in file(1) and libmagic(3).
260 Fix BIND remote denial of service vulnerability. [SA-14:29]
262 20141104: p5 FreeBSD-SA-14:25.setlogin
266 Fix kernel stack disclosure in setlogin(2) / getlogin(2).
269 Fix remote command execution in ftp(1). [SA-14:26]
271 Fix NFSv4 and ZFS cache consistency issue. [EN-14:12]
273 20141022: p4 FreeBSD-EN-14:10.tzdata
274 FreeBSD-EN-14:11.crypt
276 Time zone data file update. [EN-14:10]
278 Change crypt(3) default hashing algorithm back to DES. [EN-14:11]
280 20141021: p3 FreeBSD-SA-14:20.rtsold
281 FreeBSD-SA-14:21.routed
282 FreeBSD-SA-14:22.namei
283 FreeBSD-SA-14:23.openssl
285 Fix rtsold(8) remote buffer overflow vulnerability. [SA-14:20]
287 Fix routed(8) remote denial of service vulnerability. [SA-14:21]
289 Fix memory leak in sandboxed namei lookup. [SA-14:22]
291 Fix OpenSSL multiple vulnerabilities. [SA-14:23]
293 20140916: p2 FreeBSD-SA-14:19.tcp
294 Fix Denial of Service in TCP packet processing. [SA-14:19]
296 20140909: p1 FreeBSD-SA-14:18.openssl
297 Fix OpenSSL multiple vulnerabilities. [SA-14:18]
303 On i386 and amd64 systems, the onifconsole flag is now set by default
304 in /etc/ttys for ttyu0. This causes ttyu0 to be automatically enabled
305 as a login TTY if it is set in the bootloader as an active kernel
306 console. No changes in behavior should result otherwise. To revert to
307 the previous behavior, set ttyu0 to "off" in /etc/ttys.
310 Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.4.1 release.
313 Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.4 release.
316 The nve(4) driver for NVIDIA nForce MCP Ethernet adapters has
317 been deprecated and will not be part of FreeBSD 11.0 and later
318 releases. If you use this driver, please consider switching to
319 the nfe(4) driver instead.
322 The behavior of gss_pseudo_random() for the krb5 mechanism
323 has changed, for applications requesting a longer random string
324 than produced by the underlying enctype's pseudo-random() function.
325 In particular, the random string produced from a session key of
326 enctype aes256-cts-hmac-sha1-96 or aes256-cts-hmac-sha1-96 will
327 be different at the 17th octet and later, after this change.
328 The counter used in the PRF+ construction is now encoded as a
329 big-endian integer in accordance with RFC 4402.
330 __FreeBSD_version is bumped to 902505.
336 Behavior of devfs rules path matching has been changed.
337 Pattern is now always matched against fully qualified devfs
338 path and slash characters must be explicitly matched by
339 slashes in pattern (FNM_PATHNAME). Rulesets involving devfs
340 subdirectories must be reviewed.
343 hastctl(8)'s `status' command output changed to terse one-liner format.
344 Scripts using this should switch to `list' command or be rewritten.
347 Fix a bug that allowed a tracing process (e.g. gdb) to write
348 to a memory-mapped file in the traced process's address space
349 even if neither the traced process nor the tracing process had
350 write access to that file.
353 Added ZFS TRIM support which is enabled by default. To disable
354 ZFS TRIM support set vfs.zfs.trim.enabled=0 in loader.conf.
356 Creating new ZFS pools and adding new devices to existing pools
357 first performs a full device level TRIM which can take a significant
358 amount of time. The sysctl vfs.zfs.vdev.trim_on_init can be set to 0
359 to disable this behaviour.
361 ZFS TRIM requires the underlying device support BIO_DELETE which
362 is currently provided by methods such as ATA TRIM and SCSI UNMAP
363 via CAM, which are typically supported by SSD's.
365 Stats for ZFS TRIM can be monitored by looking at the sysctl's
366 under kstat.zfs.misc.zio_trim.
369 `list' command has been added to hastctl(8). For now, it is full
370 equivalent of `status' command.
371 WARNING: in the near future the output of hastctl's status command
372 will change to more terse format. If you use `hastctl status'
373 for parsing in your scripts, switch to `hastctl list'.
376 The mergemaster command now uses the default MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX
377 rather than creating it's own in the temporary directory in
378 order allow access to bootstrapped versions of tools such as
379 install and mtree. When upgrading from version of FreeBSD where
380 the install command does not support -l, you will need to
381 install a new mergemaster command if mergemaster -p is required.
382 This can be accomplished with the command (cd src/usr.sbin/mergemaster
385 Due to the use of the new -l option to install(1) during build
386 and install, you must take care not to directly set the INSTALL
387 make variable in your /etc/make.conf, /etc/src.conf, or on the
388 command line. If you wish to use the -C flag for all installs
389 you may be able to add INSTALL+=-C to /etc/make.conf or
393 Fix a bug that allows NFS clients to issue READDIR on files.
396 The install(1) option -M has changed meaning and now takes an
397 argument that is a file or path to append logs to. In the
398 unlikely event that -M was the last option on the command line
399 and the command line contained at least two files and a target
400 directory the first file will have logs appended to it. The -M
401 option served little practical purpose in the last decade so it's
402 used expected to be extremely rare.
405 A new compression method (lz4) has been merged to. Please refer to
406 zpool-features(7) for more information.
408 Please refer to the "ZFS notes" section of this file for information
409 on upgrading boot ZFS pools.
412 The VFS KBI was changed with the merge of several nullfs
413 optimizations and fixes. All filesystem modules must be
417 With the addition of auditdistd(8), a new auditdistd user is now
418 depended on during installworld. "mergemaster -p" can be used to add
419 the user prior to installworld, as documented in the handbook.
425 A new version of ZFS (pool version 5000) has been merged to 9-STABLE.
426 Starting with this version the old system of ZFS pool versioning
427 is superseded by "feature flags". This concept enables forward
428 compatibility against certain future changes in functionality of ZFS
429 pools. The first two read-only compatible "feature flags" for ZFS
430 pools are "com.delphix:async_destroy" and "com.delphix:empty_bpobj".
431 For more information read the new zpool-features(7) manual page.
432 Please refer to the "ZFS notes" section of this file for information
433 on upgrading boot ZFS pools.
436 The commit introducing bsd.compiler.mk breaks the traditional
437 building of kernels before this point. Add -m ${SRC}/share/mk
438 (for the right value of SRC) to your command lines to work
439 around; update your useland to a point after this; or use the
440 buildkernel/installkernel top-level targets. See also 20120829.
443 The IPFIREWALL_FORWARD kernel option has been removed. Its
444 functionality now turned on by default.
447 The random(4) support for the VIA hardware random number
448 generator (`PADLOCK') is no longer enabled unconditionally.
449 Add the PADLOCK_RNG option in the custom kernel config if
450 needed. The GENERIC kernels on i386 and amd64 do include the
451 option, so the change only affects the custom kernel
455 The amd64 kernel now uses xsetbv, xrstor instructions. To compile with
456 the traditional method, you must update your system with an installworld
457 before the kernel will build. The documented make buildkernel/installkernel
458 interfaces (coupled with fresh make kernel-toolchain) continue to work.
461 The sparc64 ZFS loader has been changed to no longer try to auto-
462 detect ZFS providers based on diskN aliases but now requires these
463 to be explicitly listed in the OFW boot-device environment variable.
466 Now unix domain sockets behave "as expected" on nullfs(5). Previously
467 nullfs(5) did not pass through all behaviours to the underlying layer,
468 as a result if we bound to a socket on the lower layer we could connect
469 only to the lower path; if we bound to the upper layer we could connect
470 only to the upper path. The new behavior is one can connect to both the
471 lower and the upper paths regardless what layer path one binds to.
474 The acpi_wmi(4) status device /dev/wmistat has been renamed to
478 A new VOP_ADVISE() was added to support posix_fadvise(2). All
479 filesystem modules must be recompiled.
482 The interface of the VOP_VPTOCNP(9) changed, now the returned
483 vnode shall be referenced, previously it was required to be
484 only held. All in-tree filesystems are converted.
490 The broken amd(4) driver has been replaced with esp(4) in the amd64,
491 i386 and pc98 GENERIC kernel configuration files.
494 This commit modifies vfs_register() so that it uses a hash
495 calculation to set vfc_typenum, which is enabled by default.
496 The first time a system is booted after this change, the
497 vfc_typenum values will change for all file systems. The
498 main effect of this is a change to the NFS server file handles
499 for file systems that use vfc_typenum in their fsid, such as ZFS.
500 It will, however, prevent vfc_typenum from changing when file
501 systems are loaded in a different order for subsequent reboots.
502 To disable this, you can set vfs.typenumhash=0 in /boot/loader.conf
503 until you are ready to remount all NFS clients after a reboot.
506 Bump the shared library version numbers for libraries that
507 do not use symbol versioning, have changed the ABI compared
508 to stable/8 and which shared library version was not bumped.
509 Done as part of 9.0-RELEASE cycle.
512 During the merge of Capsicum features, the fget(9) KPI was modified.
513 This may require the rebuilding of out-of-tree device drivers --
514 issues have been reported specifically with the nVidia device driver.
515 __FreeBSD_version is bumped to 900041.
517 Also, there is a period between 20110811 and 20110814 where the
518 special devices /dev/{stdin,stdout,stderr} did not work correctly.
519 Building world from a kernel during that window may not work.
522 The packet filter (pf) code has been updated to OpenBSD 4.5.
523 You need to update userland tools to be in sync with kernel.
524 This update breaks backward compatibility with earlier pfsync(4)
525 versions. Care must be taken when updating redundant firewall setups.
528 The following sysctls and tunables are retired on x86 platforms:
530 machdep.hlt_logical_cpus
531 The following sysctl is retired:
532 machdep.hyperthreading_allowed
533 The sysctls were supposed to provide a way to dynamically offline and
534 online selected CPUs on x86 platforms, but the implementation has not
535 been reliable especially with SCHED_ULE scheduler.
536 machdep.hyperthreading_allowed tunable is still available to ignore
537 hyperthreading CPUs at OS level.
538 Individual CPUs can be disabled using hint.lapic.X.disabled tunable,
539 where X is an APIC ID of a CPU. Be advised, though, that disabling
540 CPUs in non-uniform fashion will result in non-uniform topology and
541 may lead to sub-optimal system performance with SCHED_ULE, which is
545 cpumask_t type is retired and cpuset_t is used in order to describe
549 Changes to ifconfig(8) for dynamic address family detection mandate
550 that you are running a kernel of 20110525 or later. Make sure to
551 follow the update procedure to boot a new kernel before installing
555 Support for sun4v architecture is officially dropped
558 Several KPI breaking changes have been committed to the mii(4) layer,
559 the PHY drivers and consequently some Ethernet drivers using mii(4).
560 This means that miibus.ko and the modules of the affected Ethernet
561 drivers need to be recompiled.
563 Note to kernel developers: Given that the OUI bit reversion problem
564 was fixed as part of these changes all mii(4) commits related to OUIs,
565 i.e. to sys/dev/mii/miidevs, PHY driver probing and vendor specific
566 handling, no longer can be merged verbatim to stable/8 and previous
570 Users of the Atheros AR71xx SoC code now need to add 'device ar71xx_pci'
571 into their kernel configurations along with 'device pci'.
574 The default NFS client is now the new NFS client, so fstype "newnfs"
575 is now "nfs" and the regular/old NFS client is now fstype "oldnfs".
576 Although mounts via fstype "nfs" will usually work without userland
577 changes, it is recommended that the mount(8) and mount_nfs(8)
578 commands be rebuilt from sources and that a link to mount_nfs called
579 mount_oldnfs be created. The new client is compiled into the
580 kernel with "options NFSCL" and this is needed for diskless root
581 file systems. The GENERIC kernel configs have been changed to use
582 NFSCL and NFSD (the new server) instead of NFSCLIENT and NFSSERVER.
583 To use the regular/old client, you can "mount -t oldnfs ...". For
584 a diskless root file system, you must also include a line like:
586 vfs.root.mountfrom="oldnfs:"
588 in the boot/loader.conf on the root fs on the NFS server to make
589 a diskless root fs use the old client.
592 The GENERIC kernels for all architectures now default to the new
593 CAM-based ATA stack. It means that all legacy ATA drivers were
594 removed and replaced by respective CAM drivers. If you are using
595 ATA device names in /etc/fstab or other places, make sure to update
596 them respectively (adX -> adaY, acdX -> cdY, afdX -> daY, astX -> saY,
597 where 'Y's are the sequential numbers starting from zero for each type
598 in order of detection, unless configured otherwise with tunables,
599 see cam(4)). There will be symbolic links created in /dev/ to map
600 old adX devices to the respective adaY. They should provide basic
601 compatibility for file systems mounting in most cases, but they do
602 not support old user-level APIs and do not have respective providers
603 in GEOM. Consider using updated management tools with new device names.
605 It is possible to load devices ahci, ata, siis and mvs as modules,
606 but option ATA_CAM should remain in kernel configuration to make ata
607 module work as CAM driver supporting legacy ATA controllers. Device ata
608 still can be used in modular fashion (atacore + ...). Modules atadisk
609 and atapi* are not used and won't affect operation in ATA_CAM mode.
610 Note that to use CAM-based ATA kernel should include CAM devices
611 scbus, pass, da (or explicitly ada), cd and optionally others. All of
612 them are parts of the cam module.
614 ataraid(4) functionality is now supported by the RAID GEOM class.
615 To use it you can load geom_raid kernel module and use graid(8) tool
616 for management. Instead of /dev/arX device names, use /dev/raid/rX.
618 No kernel config options or code have been removed, so if a problem
619 arises, please report it and optionally revert to the old ATA stack.
620 In order to do it you can remove from the kernel config:
625 , and instead add back:
626 device atadisk # ATA disk drives
627 device ataraid # ATA RAID drives
628 device atapicd # ATAPI CDROM drives
629 device atapifd # ATAPI floppy drives
630 device atapist # ATAPI tape drives
633 The default NFS server has been changed to the new server, which
634 was referred to as the experimental server. If you need to switch
635 back to the old NFS server, you must now put the "-o" option on
636 both the mountd and nfsd commands. This can be done using the
637 mountd_flags and nfs_server_flags rc.conf variables until an
638 update to the rc scripts is committed, which is coming soon.
641 The GNU Objective-C runtime library (libobjc), and other Objective-C
642 related components have been removed from the base system. If you
643 require an Objective-C library, please use one of the available ports.
646 ath(4) has been split into bus- and device- modules. if_ath contains
647 the HAL, the TX rate control and the network device code. if_ath_pci
648 contains the PCI bus glue. For Atheros MIPS embedded systems, if_ath_ahb
649 contains the AHB glue. Users need to load both if_ath_pci and if_ath
650 in order to use ath on everything else.
652 TO REPEAT: if_ath_ahb is not needed for normal users. Normal users only
653 need to load if_ath and if_ath_pci for ath(4) operation.
656 As part of the replacement of sysinstall, the process of building
657 release media has changed significantly. For details, please re-read
658 release(7), which has been updated to reflect the new build process.
661 GNU binutils 2.17.50 (as of 2007-07-03) has been merged to -HEAD. This
662 is the last available version under GPLv2. It brings a number of new
663 features, such as support for newer x86 CPU's (with SSE-3, SSSE-3, SSE
664 4.1 and SSE 4.2), better support for powerpc64, a number of new
665 directives, and lots of other small improvements. See the ChangeLog
666 file in contrib/binutils for the full details.
669 IPsec's HMAC_SHA256-512 support has been fixed to be RFC4868
670 compliant, and will now use half of hash for authentication.
671 This will break interoperability with all stacks (including all
672 actual FreeBSD versions) who implement
673 draft-ietf-ipsec-ciph-sha-256-00 (they use 96 bits of hash for
675 The only workaround with such peers is to use another HMAC
676 algorithm for IPsec ("phase 2") authentication.
679 Remove the uio_yield prototype and symbol. This function has
680 been misnamed since it was introduced and should not be
681 globally exposed with this name. The equivalent functionality
682 is now available using kern_yield(curthread->td_user_pri).
683 The function remains undocumented.
686 A SYSCTL_[ADD_]UQUAD was added for unsigned uint64_t pointers,
687 symmetric with the existing SYSCTL_[ADD_]QUAD. Type checking
688 for scalar sysctls is defined but disabled. Code that needs
689 UQUAD to pass the type checking that must compile on older
690 systems where the define is not present can check against
691 __FreeBSD_version >= 900030.
693 The system dialog(1) has been replaced with a new version previously
694 in ports as devel/cdialog. dialog(1) is mostly command-line compatible
695 with the previous version, but the libdialog associated with it has
696 a largely incompatible API. As such, the original version of libdialog
697 will be kept temporarily as libodialog, until its base system consumers
698 are replaced or updated. Bump __FreeBSD_version to 900030.
701 If you are trying to run make universe on a -stable system, and you get
702 the following warning:
703 "Makefile", line 356: "Target architecture for i386/conf/GENERIC
704 unknown. config(8) likely too old."
705 or something similar to it, then you must upgrade your -stable system
706 to 8.2-Release or newer (really, any time after r210146 7/15/2010 in
707 stable/8) or build the config from the latest stable/8 branch and
708 install it on your system.
710 Prior to this date, building a current universe on 8-stable system from
711 between 7/15/2010 and 1/2/2011 would result in a weird shell parsing
712 error in the first kernel build phase. A new config on those old
713 systems will fix that problem for older versions of -current.
716 The TCP stack has been modified to allow Khelp modules to interact with
717 it via helper hook points and store per-connection data in the TCP
718 control block. Bump __FreeBSD_version to 900029. User space tools that
719 rely on the size of struct tcpcb in tcp_var.h (e.g. sockstat) need to
723 Generic IEEE 802.3 annex 31B full duplex flow control support has been
724 added to mii(4) and bge(4), bce(4), msk(4), nfe(4) and stge(4) along
725 with brgphy(4), e1000phy(4) as well as ip1000phy() have been converted
726 to take advantage of it instead of using custom implementations. This
727 means that these drivers now no longer unconditionally advertise
728 support for flow control but only do so if flow control is a selected
729 media option. This was implemented in the generic support that way in
730 order to allow flow control to be switched on and off via ifconfig(8)
731 with the PHY specific default to typically off in order to protect
732 from unwanted effects. Consequently, if you used flow control with
733 one of the above mentioned drivers you now need to explicitly enable
735 ifconfig bge0 media auto mediaopt flowcontrol
737 Along with the above mentioned changes generic support for setting
738 1000baseT master mode also has been added and brgphy(4), ciphy(4),
739 e1000phy(4) as well as ip1000phy(4) have been converted to take
740 advantage of it. This means that these drivers now no longer take the
741 link0 parameter for selecting master mode but the master media option
742 has to be used instead, for example like in the following:
743 ifconfig bge0 media 1000baseT mediaopt full-duplex,master
745 Selection of master mode now is also available with all other PHY
746 drivers supporting 1000baseT.
749 The TCP stack has received a significant update to add support for
750 modularised congestion control and generally improve the clarity of
751 congestion control decisions. Bump __FreeBSD_version to 900025. User
752 space tools that rely on the size of struct tcpcb in tcp_var.h (e.g.
753 sockstat) need to be recompiled.
756 The man(1) utility has been replaced by a new version that no longer
757 uses /etc/manpath.config. Please consult man.conf(5) for how to
758 migrate local entries to the new format.
761 The copyright strings printed by login(1) and sshd(8) at the time of a
762 new connection have been removed to follow other operating systems and
766 A workaround for a fixed ld bug has been removed in kernel code,
767 so make sure that your system ld is built from sources after
768 revision 210245 from 2010-07-19 (r211583 if building head kernel
769 on stable/8, r211584 for stable/7; both from 2010-08-21).
770 A symptom of incorrect ld version is different addresses for
771 set_pcpu section and __start_set_pcpu symbol in kernel and/or modules.
774 The $ipv6_prefer variable in rc.conf(5) has been split into
775 $ip6addrctl_policy and $ipv6_activate_all_interfaces.
777 The $ip6addrctl_policy is a variable to choose a pre-defined
778 address selection policy set by ip6addrctl(8). A value
779 "ipv4_prefer", "ipv6_prefer" or "AUTO" can be specified. The
782 The $ipv6_activate_all_interfaces specifies whether IFDISABLED
783 flag (see an entry of 20090926) is set on an interface with no
784 corresponding $ifconfig_IF_ipv6 line. The default is "NO" for
785 security reason. If you want IPv6 link-local address on all
786 interfaces by default, set this to "YES".
788 The old ipv6_prefer="YES" is equivalent to
789 ipv6_activate_all_interfaces="YES" and
790 ip6addrctl_policy="ipv6_prefer".
793 DTrace has grown support for userland tracing. Due to this, DTrace is
794 now i386 and amd64 only.
795 dtruss(1) is now installed by default on those systems and a new
796 kernel module is needed for userland tracing: fasttrap.
797 No changes to your kernel config file are necessary to enable
798 userland tracing, but you might consider adding 'STRIP=' and
799 'CFLAGS+=-fno-omit-frame-pointer' to your make.conf if you want
800 to have informative userland stack traces in DTrace (ustack).
803 The acpi_aiboost(4) driver has been removed in favor of the new
804 aibs(4) driver. You should update your kernel configuration file.
807 BSD grep has been imported to the base system and it is built by
808 default. It is completely BSD licensed, highly GNU-compatible, uses
809 less memory than its GNU counterpart and has a small codebase.
810 However, it is slower than its GNU counterpart, which is mostly
811 noticeable for larger searches, for smaller ones it is measurable
812 but not significant. The reason is complex, the most important factor
813 is that we lack a modern and efficient regex library and GNU
814 overcomes this by optimizing the searches internally. Future work
815 on improving the regex performance is planned, for the meantime,
816 users that need better performance, can build GNU grep instead by
817 setting the WITH_GNU_GREP knob.
820 Due to the import of powerpc64 support, all existing powerpc kernel
821 configuration files must be updated with a machine directive like this:
822 machine powerpc powerpc
824 In addition, an updated config(8) is required to build powerpc kernels
828 A new version of ZFS (version 15) has been merged to -HEAD.
829 This version uses a python library for the following subcommands:
830 zfs allow, zfs unallow, zfs groupspace, zfs userspace.
831 For full functionality of these commands the following port must
832 be installed: sysutils/py-zfs
835 'vm_page's are now hashed by physical address to an array of mutexes.
836 Currently this is only used to serialize access to hold_count. Over
837 time the page queue mutex will be peeled away. This changes the size
838 of pmap on every architecture. And requires all callers of vm_page_hold
839 and vm_page_unhold to be updated.
842 WITH_CTF can now be specified in src.conf (not recommended, there
843 are some problems with static executables), make.conf (would also
844 affect ports which do not use GNU make and do not override the
845 compile targets) or in the kernel config (via "makeoptions
847 When WITH_CTF was specified there before this was silently ignored,
848 so make sure that WITH_CTF is not used in places which could lead
849 to unwanted behavior.
852 The kernel option COMPAT_IA32 has been replaced with COMPAT_FREEBSD32
853 to allow 32-bit compatibility on non-x86 platforms. All kernel
854 configurations on amd64 and ia64 platforms using these options must
855 be modified accordingly.
858 The utmp user accounting database has been replaced with utmpx,
859 the user accounting interface standardized by POSIX.
860 Unfortunately the semantics of utmp and utmpx don't match,
861 making it practically impossible to support both interfaces.
862 The user accounting database is used by tools like finger(1),
863 last(1), talk(1), w(1) and ac(8).
865 All applications in the base system use utmpx. This means only
866 local binaries (e.g. from the ports tree) may still use these
867 utmp database files. These applications must be rebuilt to make
870 After the system has been upgraded, it is safe to remove the old
871 log files (/var/run/utmp, /var/log/lastlog and /var/log/wtmp*),
872 assuming their contents is of no importance anymore. Old wtmp
873 databases can only be used by last(1) and ac(8) after they have
874 been converted to the new format using wtmpcvt(1).
877 Introduce the kernel thread "deadlock resolver" (which can be enabled
878 via the DEADLKRES option, see NOTES for more details) and the
879 sleepq_type() function for sleepqueues.
882 The rc.firewall and rc.firewall6 were unified, and
883 rc.firewall6 and rc.d/ip6fw were removed.
884 According to the removal of rc.d/ip6fw, ipv6_firewall_* rc
885 variables are obsoleted. Instead, the following new rc
886 variables are added to rc.d/ipfw:
888 firewall_client_net_ipv6, firewall_simple_iif_ipv6,
889 firewall_simple_inet_ipv6, firewall_simple_oif_ipv6,
890 firewall_simple_onet_ipv6, firewall_trusted_ipv6
892 The meanings correspond to the relevant IPv4 variables.
898 The default terminal emulation for syscons(4) has been changed
899 from cons25 to xterm on all platforms except pc98. This means
900 that the /etc/ttys file needs to be updated to ensure correct
901 operation of applications on the console.
903 The terminal emulation style can be toggled per window by using
904 vidcontrol(1)'s -T flag. The TEKEN_CONS25 kernel configuration
905 options can be used to change the compile-time default back to
908 To prevent graphical artifacts, make sure the TERM environment
909 variable is set to match the terminal emulation that is being
910 performed by syscons(4).
913 The layout of the structure ieee80211req_scan_result has changed.
914 Applications that require wireless scan results (e.g. ifconfig(8))
915 from net80211 need to be recompiled.
917 Applications such as wpa_supplicant(8) may require a full world
918 build without using NO_CLEAN in order to get synchronized with the
922 The iwn(4) driver has been updated to support the 5000 and 5150 series.
923 There's one kernel module for each firmware. Adding "device iwnfw"
924 to the kernel configuration file means including all three firmware
925 images inside the kernel. If you want to include just the one for
926 your wireless card, use the devices iwn4965fw, iwn5000fw or
930 The rc.d/network_ipv6, IPv6 configuration script has been integrated
931 into rc.d/netif. The changes are the following:
933 1. To use IPv6, simply define $ifconfig_IF_ipv6 like $ifconfig_IF
934 for IPv4. For aliases, $ifconfig_IF_aliasN should be used.
935 Note that both variables need the "inet6" keyword at the head.
937 Do not set $ipv6_network_interfaces manually if you do not
938 understand what you are doing. It is not needed in most cases.
940 $ipv6_ifconfig_IF and $ipv6_ifconfig_IF_aliasN still work, but
943 2. $ipv6_enable is obsolete. Use $ipv6_prefer and
944 "inet6 accept_rtadv" keyword in ifconfig(8) instead.
946 If you define $ipv6_enable=YES, it means $ipv6_prefer=YES and
947 all configured interfaces have "inet6 accept_rtadv" in the
948 $ifconfig_IF_ipv6. These are for backward compatibility.
950 3. A new variable $ipv6_prefer has been added. If NO, IPv6
951 functionality of interfaces with no corresponding
952 $ifconfig_IF_ipv6 is disabled by using "inet6 ifdisabled" flag,
953 and the default address selection policy of ip6addrctl(8)
954 is the IPv4-preferred one (see rc.d/ip6addrctl for more details).
955 Note that if you want to configure IPv6 functionality on the
956 disabled interfaces after boot, first you need to clear the flag by
957 using ifconfig(8) like:
959 ifconfig em0 inet6 -ifdisabled
961 If YES, the default address selection policy is set as
964 The default value of $ipv6_prefer is NO.
966 4. If your system need to receive Router Advertisement messages,
967 define "inet6 accept_rtadv" in $ifconfig_IF_ipv6. The rc(8)
968 scripts automatically invoke rtsol(8) when the interface becomes
969 UP. The Router Advertisement messages are used for SLAAC
970 (State-Less Address AutoConfiguration).
973 802.11s D3.03 support was committed. This is incompatible with the
974 previous code, which was based on D3.0.
977 A sysctl variable net.inet6.ip6.accept_rtadv now sets the default value
978 of a per-interface flag ND6_IFF_ACCEPT_RTADV, not a global knob to
979 control whether accepting Router Advertisement messages or not.
980 Also, a per-interface flag ND6_IFF_AUTO_LINKLOCAL has been added and
981 a sysctl variable net.inet6.ip6.auto_linklocal is its default value.
982 The ifconfig(8) utility now supports these flags.
985 ZFS snapshots are now mounted with MNT_IGNORE flag. Use -v option for
986 mount(8) and -a option for df(1) to see them.
989 The old tunable hw.bus.devctl_disable has been superseded by
990 hw.bus.devctl_queue. hw.bus.devctl_disable=1 in loader.conf should be
991 replaced by hw.bus.devctl_queue=0. The default for this new tunable
995 Remove the option STOP_NMI. The default action is now to use NMI only
996 for KDB via the newly introduced function stop_cpus_hard() and
997 maintain stop_cpus() to just use a normal IPI_STOP on ia32 and amd64.
1000 The stable/8 branch created in subversion. This corresponds to the
1001 RELENG_8 branch in CVS.
1004 Bump the shared library version numbers for all libraries that do not
1005 use symbol versioning as part of the 8.0-RELEASE cycle. Bump
1006 __FreeBSD_version to 800105.
1009 Due to changes in the implementation of virtual network stack support,
1010 all network-related kernel modules must be recompiled. As this change
1011 breaks the ABI, bump __FreeBSD_version to 800104.
1014 The TOE interface to the TCP syncache has been modified to remove
1015 struct tcpopt (<netinet/tcp_var.h>) from the ABI of the network stack.
1016 The cxgb driver is the only TOE consumer affected by this change, and
1017 needs to be recompiled along with the kernel. As this change breaks
1018 the ABI, bump __FreeBSD_version to 800103.
1021 Padding has been added to struct tcpcb, sackhint and tcpstat in
1022 <netinet/tcp_var.h> to facilitate future MFCs and bug fixes whilst
1023 maintaining the ABI. However, this change breaks the ABI, so bump
1024 __FreeBSD_version to 800102. User space tools that rely on the size of
1025 any of these structs (e.g. sockstat) need to be recompiled.
1028 The NFS_LEGACYRPC option has been removed along with the old kernel
1029 RPC implementation that this option selected. Kernel configurations
1030 may need to be adjusted.
1033 The network interface device nodes at /dev/net/<interface> have been
1034 removed. All ioctl operations can be performed the normal way using
1035 routing sockets. The kqueue functionality can generally be replaced
1036 with routing sockets.
1039 The documentation from the FreeBSD Documentation Project (Handbook,
1040 FAQ, etc.) is now installed via packages by sysinstall(8) and under
1041 the /usr/local/share/doc/freebsd directory instead of /usr/share/doc.
1044 The ABI of various structures related to the SYSV IPC API have been
1045 changed. As a result, the COMPAT_FREEBSD[456] and COMPAT_43 kernel
1046 options now all require COMPAT_FREEBSD7. Bump __FreeBSD_version to
1050 Layout of struct vnet has changed as routing related variables were
1051 moved to their own Vimage module. Modules need to be recompiled. Bump
1052 __FreeBSD_version to 800099.
1055 NGROUPS_MAX and NGROUPS have been increased from 16 to 1023 and 1024
1056 respectively. As long as no more than 16 groups per process are used,
1057 no changes should be visible. When more than 16 groups are used, old
1058 binaries may fail if they call getgroups() or getgrouplist() with
1059 statically sized storage. Recompiling will work around this, but
1060 applications should be modified to use dynamically allocated storage
1061 for group arrays as POSIX.1-2008 does not cap an implementation's
1062 number of supported groups at NGROUPS_MAX+1 as previous versions did.
1064 NFS and portalfs mounts may also be affected as the list of groups is
1065 truncated to 16. Users of NFS who use more than 16 groups, should
1066 take care that negative group permissions are not used on the exported
1067 file systems as they will not be reliable unless a GSSAPI based
1068 authentication method is used.
1071 The compiling option ADAPTIVE_LOCKMGRS has been introduced. This
1072 option compiles in the support for adaptive spinning for lockmgrs
1073 which want to enable it. The lockinit() function now accepts the flag
1074 LK_ADAPTIVE in order to make the lock object subject to adaptive
1075 spinning when both held in write and read mode.
1078 The layout of the structure returned by IEEE80211_IOC_STA_INFO has
1079 changed. User applications that use this ioctl need to be rebuilt.
1082 The layout of struct thread has changed. Kernel and modules need to
1086 The layout of structs ifnet, domain, protosw and vnet_net has changed.
1087 Kernel modules need to be rebuilt. Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800097.
1090 window(1) has been removed from the base system. It can now be
1091 installed from ports. The port is called misc/window.
1094 The way we are storing and accessing `routing table' entries has
1095 changed. Programs reading the FIB, like netstat, need to be
1099 A new netisr implementation has been added for FreeBSD 8. Network
1100 file system modules, such as igmp, ipdivert, and others, should be
1102 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800096.
1105 Remove the tunable/sysctl debug.mpsafevfs as its initial purpose is no
1109 Add VOP_ACCESSX(9). File system modules need to be rebuilt.
1110 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800094.
1113 Add mnt_xflag field to 'struct mount'. File system modules need to be
1115 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800093.
1118 The compiling option ADAPTIVE_SX has been retired while it has been
1119 introduced the option NO_ADAPTIVE_SX which handles the reversed logic.
1120 The KPI for sx_init_flags() changes as accepting flags:
1121 SX_ADAPTIVESPIN flag has been retired while the SX_NOADAPTIVE flag has
1122 been introduced in order to handle the reversed logic.
1123 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800092.
1126 Add support for hierarchical jails. Remove global securelevel.
1127 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800091.
1130 The layout of struct vnet_net has changed, therefore modules
1132 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800090.
1135 The newly imported zic(8) produces a new format in the output. Please
1136 run tzsetup(8) to install the newly created data to /etc/localtime.
1139 The sysctl tree for the usb stack has renamed from hw.usb2.* to
1140 hw.usb.* and is now consistent again with previous releases.
1143 802.11 monitor mode support was revised and driver api's were changed.
1144 Drivers dependent on net80211 now support DLT_IEEE802_11_RADIO instead
1145 of DLT_IEEE802_11. No user-visible data structures were changed but
1146 applications that use DLT_IEEE802_11 may require changes.
1147 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800088.
1150 The layout of the following structs has changed: sysctl_oid,
1151 socket, ifnet, inpcbinfo, tcpcb, syncache_head, vnet_inet,
1152 vnet_inet6 and vnet_ipfw. Most modules need to be rebuild or
1153 panics may be experienced. World rebuild is required for
1154 correctly checking networking state from userland.
1155 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800085.
1158 MLDv2 and Source-Specific Multicast (SSM) have been merged
1159 to the IPv6 stack. VIMAGE hooks are in but not yet used.
1160 The implementation of SSM within FreeBSD's IPv6 stack closely
1161 follows the IPv4 implementation.
1163 For kernel developers:
1165 * The most important changes are that the ip6_output() and
1166 ip6_input() paths no longer take the IN6_MULTI_LOCK,
1167 and this lock has been downgraded to a non-recursive mutex.
1169 * As with the changes to the IPv4 stack to support SSM, filtering
1170 of inbound multicast traffic must now be performed by transport
1171 protocols within the IPv6 stack. This does not apply to TCP and
1172 SCTP, however, it does apply to UDP in IPv6 and raw IPv6.
1174 * The KPIs used by IPv6 multicast are similar to those used by
1175 the IPv4 stack, with the following differences:
1176 * im6o_mc_filter() is analogous to imo_multicast_filter().
1177 * The legacy KAME entry points in6_joingroup and in6_leavegroup()
1178 are shimmed to in6_mc_join() and in6_mc_leave() respectively.
1179 * IN6_LOOKUP_MULTI() has been deprecated and removed.
1180 * IPv6 relies on MLD for the DAD mechanism. KAME's internal KPIs
1181 for MLDv1 have an additional 'timer' argument which is used to
1182 jitter the initial membership report for the solicited-node
1183 multicast membership on-link.
1184 * This is not strictly needed for MLDv2, which already jitters
1185 its report transmissions. However, the 'timer' argument is
1186 preserved in case MLDv1 is active on the interface.
1188 * The KAME linked-list based IPv6 membership implementation has
1189 been refactored to use a vector similar to that used by the IPv4
1191 Code which maintains a list of its own multicast memberships
1192 internally, e.g. carp, has been updated to reflect the new
1195 * There is a known Lock Order Reversal (LOR) due to in6_setscope()
1196 acquiring the IF_AFDATA_LOCK and being called within ip6_output().
1197 Whilst MLDv2 tries to avoid this otherwise benign LOR, it is an
1198 implementation constraint which needs to be addressed in HEAD.
1200 For application developers:
1202 * The changes are broadly similar to those made for the IPv4
1205 * The use of IPv4 and IPv6 multicast socket options on the same
1206 socket, using mapped addresses, HAS NOT been tested or supported.
1208 * There are a number of issues with the implementation of various
1209 IPv6 multicast APIs which need to be resolved in the API surface
1210 before the implementation is fully compatible with KAME userland
1211 use, and these are mostly to do with interface index treatment.
1213 * The literature available discusses the use of either the delta / ASM
1214 API with setsockopt(2)/getsockopt(2), or the full-state / ASM API
1215 using setsourcefilter(3)/getsourcefilter(3). For more information
1216 please refer to RFC 3768, 'Socket Interface Extensions for
1217 Multicast Source Filters'.
1219 * Applications which use the published RFC 3678 APIs should be fine.
1221 For systems administrators:
1223 * The mtest(8) utility has been refactored to support IPv6, in
1224 addition to IPv4. Interface addresses are no longer accepted
1225 as arguments, their names must be used instead. The utility
1226 will map the interface name to its first IPv4 address as
1227 returned by getifaddrs(3).
1229 * The ifmcstat(8) utility has also been updated to print the MLDv2
1230 endpoint state and source filter lists via sysctl(3).
1232 * The net.inet6.ip6.mcast.loop sysctl may be tuned to 0 to disable
1233 loopback of IPv6 multicast datagrams by default; it defaults to 1
1234 to preserve the existing behaviour. Disabling multicast loopback is
1235 recommended for optimal system performance.
1237 * The IPv6 MROUTING code has been changed to examine this sysctl
1238 instead of attempting to perform a group lookup before looping
1239 back forwarded datagrams.
1241 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800084.
1244 Implement low-level Bluetooth HCI API.
1245 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800083.
1248 The layout of struct malloc_type, used by modules to register new
1249 memory allocation types, has changed. Most modules will need to
1250 be rebuilt or panics may be experienced.
1251 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800081.
1254 Anticipate overflowing inp_flags - add inp_flags2.
1255 This changes most offsets in inpcb, so checking v4 connection
1256 state will require a world rebuild.
1257 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800080.
1260 Add an llentry to struct route and struct route_in6. Modules
1261 embedding a struct route will need to be recompiled.
1262 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800079.
1265 The size of rt_metrics_lite and by extension rtentry has changed.
1266 Networking administration apps will need to be recompiled.
1267 The route command now supports show as an alias for get, weighting
1268 of routes, sticky and nostick flags to alter the behavior of stateful
1270 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800078.
1273 Do not use Giant for kbdmux(4) locking. This is wrong and
1274 apparently causing more problems than it solves. This will
1275 re-open the issue where interrupt handlers may race with
1276 kbdmux(4) in polling mode. Typical symptoms include (but
1277 not limited to) duplicated and/or missing characters when
1278 low level console functions (such as gets) are used while
1279 interrupts are enabled (for example geli password prompt,
1280 mountroot prompt etc.). Disabling kbdmux(4) may help.
1283 The size of structs vnet_net, vnet_inet and vnet_ipfw has changed;
1284 kernel modules referencing any of the above need to be recompiled.
1285 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800075.
1288 GEOM_PART has become the default partition slicer for storage devices,
1289 replacing GEOM_MBR, GEOM_BSD, GEOM_PC98 and GEOM_GPT slicers. It
1290 introduces some changes:
1292 MSDOS/EBR: the devices created from MSDOS extended partition entries
1293 (EBR) can be named differently than with GEOM_MBR and are now symlinks
1294 to devices with offset-based names. fstabs may need to be modified.
1296 BSD: the "geometry does not match label" warning is harmless in most
1297 cases but it points to problems in file system misalignment with
1298 disk geometry. The "c" partition is now implicit, covers the whole
1299 top-level drive and cannot be (mis)used by users.
1301 General: Kernel dumps are now not allowed to be written to devices
1302 whose partition types indicate they are meant to be used for file
1303 systems (or, in case of MSDOS partitions, as something else than
1306 Most of these changes date approximately from 200812.
1309 The uscanner(4) driver has been removed from the kernel. This follows
1310 Linux removing theirs in 2.6 and making libusb the default interface
1311 (supported by sane).
1314 The multicast forwarding code has been cleaned up. netstat(1)
1315 only relies on KVM now for printing bandwidth upcall meters.
1316 The IPv4 and IPv6 modules are split into ip_mroute_mod and
1317 ip6_mroute_mod respectively. The config(5) options for statically
1318 compiling this code remain the same, i.e. 'options MROUTING'.
1321 Support for the IFF_NEEDSGIANT network interface flag has been
1322 removed, which means that non-MPSAFE network device drivers are no
1323 longer supported. In particular, if_ar, if_sr, and network device
1324 drivers from the old (legacy) USB stack can no longer be built or
1328 POSIX.1 Native Language Support (NLS) has been enabled in libc and
1329 a bunch of new language catalog files have also been added.
1330 This means that some common libc messages are now localized and
1331 they depend on the LC_MESSAGES environmental variable.
1334 The k8temp(4) driver has been renamed to amdtemp(4) since
1335 support for Family 10 and Family 11 CPU families was added.
1338 IGMPv3 and Source-Specific Multicast (SSM) have been merged
1339 to the IPv4 stack. VIMAGE hooks are in but not yet used.
1341 For kernel developers, the most important changes are that the
1342 ip_output() and ip_input() paths no longer take the IN_MULTI_LOCK(),
1343 and this lock has been downgraded to a non-recursive mutex.
1345 Transport protocols (UDP, Raw IP) are now responsible for filtering
1346 inbound multicast traffic according to group membership and source
1347 filters. The imo_multicast_filter() KPI exists for this purpose.
1348 Transports which do not use multicast (SCTP, TCP) already reject
1349 multicast by default. Forwarding and receive performance may improve
1350 as a mutex acquisition is no longer needed in the ip_input()
1351 low-level input path. in_addmulti() and in_delmulti() are shimmed
1352 to new KPIs which exist to support SSM in-kernel.
1354 For application developers, it is recommended that loopback of
1355 multicast datagrams be disabled for best performance, as this
1356 will still cause the lock to be taken for each looped-back
1357 datagram transmission. The net.inet.ip.mcast.loop sysctl may
1358 be tuned to 0 to disable loopback by default; it defaults to 1
1359 to preserve the existing behaviour.
1361 For systems administrators, to obtain best performance with
1362 multicast reception and multiple groups, it is always recommended
1363 that a card with a suitably precise hash filter is used. Hash
1364 collisions will still result in the lock being taken within the
1365 transport protocol input path to check group membership.
1367 If deploying FreeBSD in an environment with IGMP snooping switches,
1368 it is recommended that the net.inet.igmp.sendlocal sysctl remain
1369 enabled; this forces 224.0.0.0/24 group membership to be announced
1372 The size of 'struct igmpstat' has changed; netstat needs to be
1373 recompiled to reflect this.
1374 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800070.
1377 libusb20.so.1 is now installed as libusb.so.1 and the ports system
1378 updated to use it. This requires a buildworld/installworld in order to
1379 update the library and dependencies (usbconfig, etc). Its advisable to
1380 rebuild all ports which uses libusb. More specific directions are given
1381 in the ports collection UPDATING file. Any /etc/libmap.conf entries for
1382 libusb are no longer required and can be removed.
1385 A workaround is committed to allow the creation of System V shared
1386 memory segment of size > 2 GB on the 64-bit architectures.
1387 Due to a limitation of the existing ABI, the shm_segsz member
1388 of the struct shmid_ds, returned by shmctl(IPC_STAT) call is
1389 wrong for large segments. Note that limits must be explicitly
1390 raised to allow such segments to be created.
1393 The layout of struct ifnet has changed, requiring a rebuild of all
1394 network device driver modules.
1397 The /dev handling for the new USB stack has changed, a
1398 buildworld/installworld is required for libusb20.
1401 The new USB2 stack has now been permanently moved in and all kernel and
1402 module names reverted to their previous values (eg, usb, ehci, ohci,
1403 ums, ...). The old usb stack can be compiled in by prefixing the name
1404 with the letter 'o', the old usb modules have been removed.
1405 Updating entry 20090216 for xorg and 20090215 for libmap may still
1409 The rc.conf(5) option if_up_delay has been renamed to
1410 defaultroute_delay to better reflect its purpose. If you have
1411 customized this setting in /etc/rc.conf you need to update it to
1415 xorg 7.4 wants to configure its input devices via hald which does not
1416 yet work with USB2. If the keyboard/mouse does not work in xorg then
1418 Option "AllowEmptyInput" "off"
1419 to your ServerLayout section. This will cause X to use the configured
1420 kbd and mouse sections from your xorg.conf.
1423 The GENERIC kernels for all architectures now default to the new USB2
1424 stack. No kernel config options or code have been removed so if a
1425 problem arises please report it and optionally revert to the old USB
1426 stack. If you are loading USB kernel modules or have a custom kernel
1427 that includes GENERIC then ensure that usb names are also changed over,
1428 eg uftdi -> usb2_serial_ftdi.
1430 Older programs linked against the ports libusb 0.1 need to be
1431 redirected to the new stack's libusb20. /etc/libmap.conf can
1433 # Map old usb library to new one for usb2 stack
1434 libusb-0.1.so.8 libusb20.so.1
1437 All USB ethernet devices now attach as interfaces under the name ueN
1438 (eg. ue0). This is to provide a predictable name as vendors often
1439 change usb chipsets in a product without notice.
1442 The ichsmb(4) driver has been changed to require SMBus slave
1443 addresses be left-justified (xxxxxxx0b) rather than right-justified.
1444 All of the other SMBus controller drivers require left-justified
1445 slave addresses, so this change makes all the drivers provide the
1449 INET6 statistics (struct ip6stat) was updated.
1450 netstat(1) needs to be recompiled.
1453 NTFS has been removed from GENERIC kernel on amd64 to match
1454 GENERIC on i386. Should not cause any issues since mount_ntfs(8)
1455 will load ntfs.ko module automatically when NTFS support is
1456 actually needed, unless ntfs.ko is not installed or security
1457 level prohibits loading kernel modules. If either is the case,
1458 "options NTFS" has to be added into kernel config.
1461 TCP Appropriate Byte Counting (RFC 3465) support added to kernel.
1462 New field in struct tcpcb breaks ABI, so bump __FreeBSD_version to
1463 800061. User space tools that rely on the size of struct tcpcb in
1464 tcp_var.h (e.g. sockstat) need to be recompiled.
1467 ng_tty(4) module updated to match the new TTY subsystem.
1468 Due to API change, user-level applications must be updated.
1469 New API support added to mpd5 CVS and expected to be present
1470 in next mpd5.3 release.
1473 With __FreeBSD_version 800060 the makefs tool is part of
1474 the base system (it was a port).
1477 The afdata and ifnet locks have been changed from mutexes to
1478 rwlocks, network modules will need to be re-compiled.
1481 __FreeBSD_version 800059 incorporates the new arp-v2 rewrite.
1482 RTF_CLONING, RTF_LLINFO and RTF_WASCLONED flags are eliminated.
1483 The new code reduced struct rtentry{} by 16 bytes on 32-bit
1484 architecture and 40 bytes on 64-bit architecture. The userland
1485 applications "arp" and "ndp" have been updated accordingly.
1486 The output from "netstat -r" shows only routing entries and
1487 none of the L2 information.
1490 __FreeBSD_version 800057 marks the switchover from the
1491 binary ath hal to source code. Users must add the line:
1493 options AH_SUPPORT_AR5416
1495 to their kernel config files when specifying:
1499 The ath_hal module no longer exists; the code is now compiled
1500 together with the driver in the ath module. It is now
1501 possible to tailor chip support (i.e. reduce the set of chips
1502 and thereby the code size); consult ath_hal(4) for details.
1505 __FreeBSD_version 800054 adds memory barriers to
1506 <machine/atomic.h>, new interfaces to ifnet to facilitate
1507 multiple hardware transmit queues for cards that support
1508 them, and a lock-less ring-buffer implementation to
1509 enable drivers to more efficiently manage queueing of
1513 A new version of ZFS (version 13) has been merged to -HEAD.
1514 This version has zpool attribute "listsnapshots" off by
1515 default, which means "zfs list" does not show snapshots,
1516 and is the same as Solaris behavior.
1519 dummynet(4) ABI has changed. ipfw(8) needs to be recompiled.
1522 The uhci, ohci, ehci and slhci USB Host controller drivers have
1523 been put into separate modules. If you load the usb module
1524 separately through loader.conf you will need to load the
1525 appropriate *hci module as well. E.g. for a UHCI-based USB 2.0
1526 controller add the following to loader.conf:
1532 The ABI used by the PMC toolset has changed. Please keep
1533 userland (libpmc(3)) and the kernel module (hwpmc(4)) in
1537 atapci kernel module now includes only generic PCI ATA
1538 driver. AHCI driver moved to ataahci kernel module.
1539 All vendor-specific code moved into separate kernel modules:
1540 ataacard, ataacerlabs, ataadaptec, ataamd, ataati, atacenatek,
1541 atacypress, atacyrix, atahighpoint, ataintel, ataite, atajmicron,
1542 atamarvell, atamicron, atanational, atanetcell, atanvidia,
1543 atapromise, ataserverworks, atasiliconimage, atasis, atavia
1546 The TTY subsystem of the kernel has been replaced by a new
1547 implementation, which provides better scalability and an
1548 improved driver model. Most common drivers have been migrated to
1549 the new TTY subsystem, while others have not. The following
1550 drivers have not yet been ported to the new TTY layer:
1553 cy, digi, rc, rp, sio
1559 ng_h4, ng_tty, ppp, sl, snp
1561 Adding these drivers to your kernel configuration file shall
1562 cause compilation to fail.
1565 ntpd has been upgraded to 4.2.4p5.
1568 OpenSSH has been upgraded to 5.1p1.
1570 For many years, FreeBSD's version of OpenSSH preferred DSA
1571 over RSA for host and user authentication keys. With this
1572 upgrade, we've switched to the vendor's default of RSA over
1573 DSA. This may cause upgraded clients to warn about unknown
1574 host keys even for previously known hosts. Users should
1575 follow the usual procedure for verifying host keys before
1576 accepting the RSA key.
1578 This can be circumvented by setting the "HostKeyAlgorithms"
1579 option to "ssh-dss,ssh-rsa" in ~/.ssh/config or on the ssh
1582 Please note that the sequence of keys offered for
1583 authentication has been changed as well. You may want to
1584 specify IdentityFile in a different order to revert this
1588 The sio(4) driver has been removed from the i386 and amd64
1589 kernel configuration files. This means uart(4) is now the
1590 default serial port driver on those platforms as well.
1592 To prevent collisions with the sio(4) driver, the uart(4) driver
1593 uses different names for its device nodes. This means the
1594 onboard serial port will now most likely be called "ttyu0"
1595 instead of "ttyd0". You may need to reconfigure applications to
1596 use the new device names.
1598 When using the serial port as a boot console, be sure to update
1599 /boot/device.hints and /etc/ttys before booting the new kernel.
1600 If you forget to do so, you can still manually specify the hints
1601 at the loader prompt:
1603 set hint.uart.0.at="isa"
1604 set hint.uart.0.port="0x3F8"
1605 set hint.uart.0.flags="0x10"
1606 set hint.uart.0.irq="4"
1610 The gpt(8) utility has been removed. Use gpart(8) to partition
1614 The version that Linuxulator emulates was changed from 2.4.2
1615 to 2.6.16. If you experience any problems with Linux binaries
1616 please try to set sysctl compat.linux.osrelease to 2.4.2 and
1617 if it fixes the problem contact emulation mailing list.
1620 ISDN4BSD (I4B) was removed from the src tree. You may need to
1621 update a your kernel configuration and remove relevant entries.
1624 I have checked in code to support multiple routing tables.
1625 See the man pages setfib(1) and setfib(2).
1626 This is a hopefully backwards compatible version,
1627 but to make use of it you need to compile your kernel
1628 with options ROUTETABLES=2 (or more up to 16).
1631 The 802.11 wireless support was redone to enable multi-bss
1632 operation on devices that are capable. The underlying device
1633 is no longer used directly but instead wlanX devices are
1634 cloned with ifconfig. This requires changes to rc.conf files.
1635 For example, change:
1636 ifconfig_ath0="WPA DHCP"
1639 ifconfig_wlan0="WPA DHCP"
1640 see rc.conf(5) for more details. In addition, mergemaster of
1641 /etc/rc.d is highly recommended. Simultaneous update of userland
1642 and kernel wouldn't hurt either.
1644 As part of the multi-bss changes the wlan_scan_ap and wlan_scan_sta
1645 modules were merged into the base wlan module. All references
1646 to these modules (e.g. in kernel config files) must be removed.
1649 psm(4) has gained write(2) support in native operation level.
1650 Arbitrary commands can be written to /dev/psm%d and status can
1651 be read back from it. Therefore, an application is responsible
1652 for status validation and error recovery. It is a no-op in
1653 other operation levels.
1656 Support for KSE threading has been removed from the kernel. To
1657 run legacy applications linked against KSE libmap.conf may
1658 be used. The following libmap.conf may be used to ensure
1659 compatibility with any prior release:
1661 libpthread.so.1 libthr.so.1
1662 libpthread.so.2 libthr.so.2
1663 libkse.so.3 libthr.so.3
1666 The layout of struct vmspace has changed. This affects libkvm
1667 and any executables that link against libkvm and use the
1668 kvm_getprocs() function. In particular, but not exclusively,
1669 it affects ps(1), fstat(1), pkill(1), systat(1), top(1) and w(1).
1670 The effects are minimal, but it's advisable to upgrade world
1674 The latest em driver no longer has support in it for the
1675 82575 adapter, this is now moved to the igb driver. The
1676 split was done to make new features that are incompatible
1677 with older hardware easier to do.
1680 The new geom_lvm(4) geom class has been renamed to geom_linux_lvm(4),
1681 likewise the kernel option is now GEOM_LINUX_LVM.
1684 The default NFS mount mode has changed from UDP to TCP for
1685 increased reliability. If you rely on (insecurely) NFS
1686 mounting across a firewall you may need to update your
1690 Belatedly note the addition of m_collapse for compacting
1694 The fts(3) structures have been changed to use adequate
1695 integer types for their members and so to be able to cope
1696 with huge file trees. The old fts(3) ABI is preserved
1697 through symbol versioning in libc, so third-party binaries
1698 using fts(3) should still work, although they will not take
1699 advantage of the extended types. At the same time, some
1700 third-party software might fail to build after this change
1701 due to unportable assumptions made in its source code about
1702 fts(3) structure members. Such software should be fixed
1703 by its vendor or, in the worst case, in the ports tree.
1704 FreeBSD_version 800015 marks this change for the unlikely
1705 case that a portable fix is impossible.
1708 To upgrade to -current after this date, you must be running
1709 FreeBSD not older than 6.0-RELEASE. Upgrading to -current
1710 from 5.x now requires a stop over at RELENG_6 or RELENG_7 systems.
1713 The ADAPTIVE_GIANT kernel option has been retired because its
1714 functionality is the default now.
1717 The AT keyboard emulation of sunkbd(4) has been turned on
1718 by default. In order to make the special symbols of the Sun
1719 keyboards driven by sunkbd(4) work under X these now have
1720 to be configured the same way as Sun USB keyboards driven
1721 by ukbd(4) (which also does AT keyboard emulation), f.e.:
1723 Option "XkbLayout" "us"
1724 Option "XkbRules" "xorg"
1725 Option "XkbSymbols" "pc(pc105)+sun_vndr/usb(sun_usb)+us"
1728 It has been decided that it is desirable to provide ABI
1729 backwards compatibility to the FreeBSD 4/5/6 versions of the
1730 PCIOCGETCONF, PCIOCREAD and PCIOCWRITE IOCTLs, which was
1731 broken with the introduction of PCI domain support (see the
1732 20070930 entry). Unfortunately, this required the ABI of
1733 PCIOCGETCONF to be broken again in order to be able to
1734 provide backwards compatibility to the old version of that
1735 IOCTL. Thus consumers of PCIOCGETCONF have to be recompiled
1736 again. As for prominent ports this affects neither pciutils
1737 nor xorg-server this time, the hal port needs to be rebuilt
1741 The misnamed kthread_create() and friends have been renamed
1742 to kproc_create() etc. Many of the callers already
1743 used kproc_start()..
1744 I will return kthread_create() and friends in a while
1745 with implementations that actually create threads, not procs.
1746 Renaming corresponds with version 800002.
1755 Avoid using make -j when upgrading. While generally safe, there are
1756 sometimes problems using -j to upgrade. If your upgrade fails with
1757 -j, please try again without -j. From time to time in the past there
1758 have been problems using -j with buildworld and/or installworld. This
1759 is especially true when upgrading between "distant" versions (eg one
1760 that cross a major release boundary or several minor releases, or when
1761 several months have passed on the -current branch).
1763 Sometimes, obscure build problems are the result of environment
1764 poisoning. This can happen because the make utility reads its
1765 environment when searching for values for global variables. To run
1766 your build attempts in an "environmental clean room", prefix all make
1767 commands with 'env -i '. See the env(1) manual page for more details.
1769 When upgrading from one major version to another it is generally best
1770 to upgrade to the latest code in the currently installed branch first,
1771 then do an upgrade to the new branch. This is the best-tested upgrade
1772 path, and has the highest probability of being successful. Please try
1773 this approach before reporting problems with a major version upgrade.
1777 When upgrading the boot ZFS pool to a new version, always follow
1780 1.) recompile and reinstall the ZFS boot loader and boot block
1781 (this is part of "make buildworld" and "make installworld")
1783 2.) update the ZFS boot block on your boot drive
1785 The following example updates the ZFS boot block on the first
1786 partition (freebsd-boot) of a GPT partitioned drive ad0:
1787 "gpart bootcode -p /boot/gptzfsboot -i 1 ad0"
1789 Non-boot pools do not need these updates.
1793 If you are updating from a prior version of FreeBSD (even one just
1794 a few days old), you should follow this procedure. It is the most
1795 failsafe as it uses a /usr/obj tree with a fresh mini-buildworld,
1797 make kernel-toolchain
1798 make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1799 make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1801 To test a kernel once
1802 ---------------------
1803 If you just want to boot a kernel once (because you are not sure
1804 if it works, or if you want to boot a known bad kernel to provide
1805 debugging information) run
1806 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE KODIR=/boot/testkernel
1807 nextboot -k testkernel
1809 To just build a kernel when you know that it won't mess you up
1810 --------------------------------------------------------------
1811 This assumes you are already running a CURRENT system. Replace
1812 ${arch} with the architecture of your machine (e.g. "i386",
1813 "arm", "amd64", "ia64", "pc98", "sparc64", "powerpc", "mips", etc).
1815 cd src/sys/${arch}/conf
1816 config KERNEL_NAME_HERE
1817 cd ../compile/KERNEL_NAME_HERE
1822 If this fails, go to the "To build a kernel" section.
1824 To rebuild everything and install it on the current system.
1825 -----------------------------------------------------------
1826 # Note: sometimes if you are running current you gotta do more than
1827 # is listed here if you are upgrading from a really old current.
1829 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
1831 make kernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1833 <reboot in single user> [3]
1841 To cross-install current onto a separate partition
1842 --------------------------------------------------
1843 # In this approach we use a separate partition to hold
1844 # current's root, 'usr', and 'var' directories. A partition
1845 # holding "/", "/usr" and "/var" should be about 2GB in
1848 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
1851 make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1852 <maybe newfs current's root partition>
1853 <mount current's root partition on directory ${CURRENT_ROOT}>
1854 make installworld DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT}
1855 make distribution DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} # if newfs'd
1856 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT}
1857 cp /etc/fstab ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab # if newfs'd
1858 <edit ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab to mount "/" from the correct partition>
1859 <reboot into current>
1860 <do a "native" rebuild/install as described in the previous section>
1861 <maybe install compatibility libraries from ports/misc/compat*>
1865 To upgrade in-place from stable to current
1866 ----------------------------------------------
1867 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
1869 make kernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE [8]
1871 <reboot in single user> [3]
1878 Make sure that you've read the UPDATING file to understand the
1879 tweaks to various things you need. At this point in the life
1880 cycle of current, things change often and you are on your own
1881 to cope. The defaults can also change, so please read ALL of
1882 the UPDATING entries.
1884 Also, if you are tracking -current, you must be subscribed to
1885 freebsd-current@freebsd.org. Make sure that before you update
1886 your sources that you have read and understood all the recent
1887 messages there. If in doubt, please track -stable which has
1888 much fewer pitfalls.
1890 [1] If you have third party modules, such as vmware, you
1891 should disable them at this point so they don't crash your
1894 [3] From the bootblocks, boot -s, and then do
1899 adjkerntz -i # if CMOS is wall time
1900 Also, when doing a major release upgrade, it is required that
1901 you boot into single user mode to do the installworld.
1903 [4] Note: This step is non-optional. Failure to do this step
1904 can result in a significant reduction in the functionality of the
1905 system. Attempting to do it by hand is not recommended and those
1906 that pursue this avenue should read this file carefully, as well
1907 as the archives of freebsd-current and freebsd-hackers mailing lists
1908 for potential gotchas. The -U option is also useful to consider.
1909 See mergemaster(8) for more information.
1911 [5] Usually this step is a noop. However, from time to time
1912 you may need to do this if you get unknown user in the following
1913 step. It never hurts to do it all the time. You may need to
1914 install a new mergemaster (cd src/usr.sbin/mergemaster && make
1915 install) after the buildworld before this step if you last updated
1916 from [78]-stable or 9-stable before 20130430.
1918 [6] This only deletes old files and directories. Old libraries
1919 can be deleted by "make delete-old-libs", but you have to make
1920 sure that no program is using those libraries anymore.
1922 [8] In order to have a kernel that can run the 4.x binaries needed to
1923 do an installworld, you must include the COMPAT_FREEBSD4 option in
1924 your kernel. Failure to do so may leave you with a system that is
1925 hard to boot to recover. A similar kernel option COMPAT_FREEBSD5 is
1926 required to run the 5.x binaries on more recent kernels. And so on
1927 for COMPAT_FREEBSD6 and COMPAT_FREEBSD7.
1929 Make sure that you merge any new devices from GENERIC since the
1930 last time you updated your kernel config file.
1932 [9] When checking out sources, you must include the -P flag to have
1933 cvs prune empty directories.
1935 If CPUTYPE is defined in your /etc/make.conf, make sure to use the
1936 "?=" instead of the "=" assignment operator, so that buildworld can
1937 override the CPUTYPE if it needs to.
1939 MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX must be defined in an environment variable, and
1940 not on the command line, or in /etc/make.conf. buildworld will
1941 warn if it is improperly defined.
1944 This file contains a list, in reverse chronological order, of major
1945 breakages in tracking -current. It is not guaranteed to be a complete
1946 list of such breakages, and only contains entries since October 10, 2007.
1947 If you need to see UPDATING entries from before that date, you will need
1948 to fetch an UPDATING file from an older FreeBSD release.
1950 Copyright information:
1952 Copyright 1998-2009 M. Warner Losh. All Rights Reserved.
1954 Redistribution, publication, translation and use, with or without
1955 modification, in full or in part, in any form or format of this
1956 document are permitted without further permission from the author.
1958 THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED BY WARNER LOSH ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
1959 IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
1960 WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
1961 DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL WARNER LOSH BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT,
1962 INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
1963 (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
1964 SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
1965 HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT,
1966 STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING
1967 IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
1968 POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
1970 Contact Warner Losh if you have any questions about your use of
projects / FreeBSD / releng / 9.3.git / blob