1 Updating Information for FreeBSD current users
3 This file is maintained and copyrighted by M. Warner Losh <imp@freebsd.org>.
4 See end of file for further details. For commonly done items, please see the
5 COMMON ITEMS: section later in the file. These instructions assume that you
6 basically know what you are doing. If not, then please consult the FreeBSD
9 http://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/makeworld.html
11 Items affecting the ports and packages system can be found in
12 /usr/ports/UPDATING. Please read that file before running portupgrade.
14 20160531 p43 FreeBSD-SA-16:20.linux
15 FreeBSD-SA-16:21.43bsd
16 FreeBSD-SA-16:22.libarchive
17 FreeBSD-SA-16:23.libarchive
19 Fix kernel stack disclosure in Linux compatibility layer. [SA-16:20]
20 Fix kernel stack disclosure in 4.3BSD compatibility layer. [SA-16:21]
21 Fix directory traversal in cpio(1). [SA-16:22]
22 Fix buffer overflow in libarchive(3). [SA-16:23]
24 20160517 p42 FreeBSD-SA-16:18.atkbd
26 Fix buffer overflow in keyboard driver. [SA-16:18]
28 20160504 p41 FreeBSD-SA-16:17.openssl
31 Fix multiple OpenSSL vulnerabilitites. [SA-16:17]
33 Fix memory leak in ZFS. [EN-16:08]
35 20160429 p40 FreeBSD-SA-16:16.ntp
37 Fix multiple vulnerabilities of ntp.
39 20160316 p39 FreeBSD-SA-16:14.openssh-xauth
40 FreeBSD-SA-16:15.sysarch
42 Fix OpenSSH xauth(1) command injection. [SA-16:14]
43 Fix incorrect argument validation in sysarch(2). [SA-16:15]
45 20160310 p38 FreeBSD-SA-16:13.bind
46 FreeBSD-SA-16:12.openssl [revised]
48 Fix multiple vulnerabilities of BIND. [SA-16:13]
50 Fix a regression with OpenSSL patch. [SA-16:12]
52 20160303 p37 FreeBSD-SA-16:12.openssl
54 Fix multiple vulnerabilities of OpenSSL.
56 20160130 p36 FreeBSD-SA-16:11.openssl
58 Fix OpenSSL SSLv2 ciphersuite downgrade vulnerability. [SA-16:11]
60 20160127 p35 FreeBSD-SA-16:08.bind
62 FreeBSD-SA-16:10.linux
64 Fix BIND remote denial of service vulnerability. [SA-16:08]
66 Fix multiple vulnerabilities of ntp. [SA-16:09]
68 Fix Linux compatibility layer issetugid(2) system call
69 vulnerability. [SA-16:10]
71 20160114 p34 FreeBSD-SA-16:07.openssh
73 Fix OpenSSH client information leak. [SA-16:07]
75 20160114 p33 FreeBSD-EN-16:02.pf
76 FreeBSD-EN-16:03.yplib
79 FreeBSD-SA-16:03.linux
80 FreeBSD-SA-16:04.linux
82 FreeBSD-SA-16:06.bsnmpd
84 Fix pf(4) generating bad TCP checksums. [EN-16:02]
85 Fix infinite loop in YP/NIS client library. [EN-16:03]
86 Fix remote denial of service in SCTP. [SA-16:01]
87 Update NTP to 4.2.8p5. [SA-16:02]
88 Fix kernel memory diclosure in Linux compatibility layer. [SA-16:03]
89 Fix kernel memory overwrite in Linux compatibility layer. [SA-16:04]
90 Fix crash in TCP MD5 signatures. [SA-16:05]
91 Fix insecure default permissions for snmpd.config. [SA-16:06]
93 20151216 p32 FreeBSD-SA-15:27.bind
94 Fix BIND remote denial of service vulnerability. [SA-15:27]
96 20151205 p31 FreeBSD-SA-15:26.openssl
98 Fix OpenSSL X509_ATTRIBUTE memory leak. [SA-15:26]
100 20151104 p30 FreeBSD-SA-15:25.ntp [revised]
101 FreeBSD-EN-15:19.kqueue
104 Fix regression of ntpq(8) utility exiting due to trap 6 in
105 9.3-RELEASE-p29. [SA-15:25]
107 Fix regression in ntpd(8) lacking support for RAWDCF reference
108 clock in 9.3-RELEASE-p29. [SA-15:25]
110 Fix kqueue write events never fired for files greater 2GB. [EN-15:19]
112 Fix applications exiting due to segmentation violation on a correct
113 memory address. [EN-15:20]
115 20151026: p29 FreeBSD-SA-15:25.ntp
117 Fix multiple NTP vulnerabilities. New NTP version is 4.2.8p4.
119 The configuration file syntax has been changed, thus mergemaster
120 run is recommended. Now the "kod" parameter requires "limited"
121 parameter. If the ntp.conf is not updated, the ntpd will run
122 successfully, but with KoD disabled.
124 20151002: p28 FreeBSD-SA-15:24.rpcbind [revised]
125 Revised patch to address a regression that prevents NIS from working.
127 20150929: p27 FreeBSD-SA-15:24.rpcbind
129 Fix rpcbind(8) remote denial of service. [SA-15:24]
131 20150916: p26 FreeBSD-EN-15:18.pkg
133 Implement pubkey support for pkg(7) bootstrap. [EN-15:18]
135 20150902: p25 FreeBSD-SA-15:23.bind
137 Fix BIND remote denial of service vulnerability. [SA-15:23]
139 20150825: p24 FreeBSD-SA-15:21.amd64
140 FreeBSD-SA-15:22.openssh
143 Fix local privilege escalation in IRET handler. [SA-15:21]
145 Fix OpenSSH multiple vulnerabilities. [SA-15:22]
147 Fix insufficient check of unsupported pkg(7) signature methods.
150 20150818: p23 FreeBSD-SA-15:20.expat
152 Fix multiple integer overflows in expat (libbsdxml) XML parser.
155 20150805: p22 FreeBSD-SA-15:19.routed
157 Fix routed remote denial of service vulnerability.
159 20150728: p21 FreeBSD-SA-15:15.tcp
160 FreeBSD-SA-15:16.openssh
161 FreeBSD-SA-15:17.bind
163 Fix resource exhaustion in TCP reassembly. [SA-15:15]
165 Fix OpenSSH multiple vulnerabilities. [SA-15:16]
167 Fix BIND remote denial of service vulnerability. [SA-15:17]
169 20150721: p20 FreeBSD-SA-15:13.tcp
171 Fix resource exhaustion due to sessions stuck in LAST_ACK state.
174 20150707: p19 FreeBSD-SA-15:11.bind
175 Fix BIND resolver remote denial of service when validating.
177 20150630: p18 FreeBSD-EN-15:08.sendmail [revised]
178 FreeBSD-EN-15:09.xlocale
180 Improvements to sendmail TLS/DH interoperability. [EN-15:08]
182 Fix inconsistency between locale and rune locale states.
185 20150618: p17 FreeBSD-EN-15:08.sendmail
186 Improvements to sendmail TLS/DH interoperability. [EN-15:08]
188 20150612: p16 FreeBSD-SA-15:10.openssl
189 Fix multiple vulnerabilities in OpenSSL. [SA-15:10]
191 20150609: p15 FreeBSD-EN-15:06.file
193 Updated base system file(1) to 5.22 to address multiple denial
196 20150513: p14 FreeBSD-EN-15:04.freebsd-update
198 Fix bug with freebsd-update(8) that does not ensure the previous
199 upgrade was completed. [EN-15:04]
201 20150407: p13 FreeBSD-SA-15:04.igmp [revised]
203 FreeBSD-SA-15:09.ipv6
205 Improved patch for SA-15:04.igmp.
207 Fix multiple vulnerabilities of ntp. [SA-15:07]
209 Fix Denial of Service with IPv6 Router Advertisements. [SA-15:09]
212 Fix patch for SA-15:06.openssl.
214 20150319: p11 FreeBSD-SA-15:06.openssl
215 Fix multiple vulnerabilities in OpenSSL. [SA-15:06]
217 20150225: p10 FreeBSD-SA-15:04.igmp
218 FreeBSD-SA-15:05.bind
220 FreeBSD-EN-15:02.openssl
221 FreeBSD-EN-15:03.freebsd-update
223 Fix integer overflow in IGMP protocol. [SA-15:04]
225 Fix BIND remote denial of service vulnerability. [SA-15:05]
227 Fix vt(4) crash with improper ioctl parameters. [EN-15:01]
229 Updated base system OpenSSL to 0.9.8zd. [EN-15:02]
231 Fix freebsd-update libraries update ordering issue. [EN-15:03]
233 20150127: p9 FreeBSD-SA-15:02.kmem
234 FreeBSD-SA-15:03.sctp
236 Fix SCTP SCTP_SS_VALUE kernel memory corruption and disclosure
237 vulnerability. [SA-15:02]
239 Fix SCTP stream reset vulnerability. [SA-15:03]
241 20150114: p8 FreeBSD-SA-15:01.openssl
242 Fix multiple vulnerabilities in OpenSSL. [SA-15:01]
244 20141223: p7 FreeBSD-SA-14:31.ntp
245 FreeBSD-EN-14:13.freebsd-update
247 Fix multiple vulnerabilities in NTP suite. [SA-14:31]
248 Fix directory deletion issue in freebsd-update. [EN-14:13]
250 20141210: p6 FreeBSD-SA-14:28.file
251 FreeBSD-SA-14:29.bind
253 Fix multiple vulnerabilities in file(1) and libmagic(3).
256 Fix BIND remote denial of service vulnerability. [SA-14:29]
258 20141104: p5 FreeBSD-SA-14:25.setlogin
262 Fix kernel stack disclosure in setlogin(2) / getlogin(2).
265 Fix remote command execution in ftp(1). [SA-14:26]
267 Fix NFSv4 and ZFS cache consistency issue. [EN-14:12]
269 20141022: p4 FreeBSD-EN-14:10.tzdata
270 FreeBSD-EN-14:11.crypt
272 Time zone data file update. [EN-14:10]
274 Change crypt(3) default hashing algorithm back to DES. [EN-14:11]
276 20141021: p3 FreeBSD-SA-14:20.rtsold
277 FreeBSD-SA-14:21.routed
278 FreeBSD-SA-14:22.namei
279 FreeBSD-SA-14:23.openssl
281 Fix rtsold(8) remote buffer overflow vulnerability. [SA-14:20]
283 Fix routed(8) remote denial of service vulnerability. [SA-14:21]
285 Fix memory leak in sandboxed namei lookup. [SA-14:22]
287 Fix OpenSSL multiple vulnerabilities. [SA-14:23]
289 20140916: p2 FreeBSD-SA-14:19.tcp
290 Fix Denial of Service in TCP packet processing. [SA-14:19]
292 20140909: p1 FreeBSD-SA-14:18.openssl
293 Fix OpenSSL multiple vulnerabilities. [SA-14:18]
299 On i386 and amd64 systems, the onifconsole flag is now set by default
300 in /etc/ttys for ttyu0. This causes ttyu0 to be automatically enabled
301 as a login TTY if it is set in the bootloader as an active kernel
302 console. No changes in behavior should result otherwise. To revert to
303 the previous behavior, set ttyu0 to "off" in /etc/ttys.
306 Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.4.1 release.
309 Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.4 release.
312 The nve(4) driver for NVIDIA nForce MCP Ethernet adapters has
313 been deprecated and will not be part of FreeBSD 11.0 and later
314 releases. If you use this driver, please consider switching to
315 the nfe(4) driver instead.
318 The behavior of gss_pseudo_random() for the krb5 mechanism
319 has changed, for applications requesting a longer random string
320 than produced by the underlying enctype's pseudo-random() function.
321 In particular, the random string produced from a session key of
322 enctype aes256-cts-hmac-sha1-96 or aes256-cts-hmac-sha1-96 will
323 be different at the 17th octet and later, after this change.
324 The counter used in the PRF+ construction is now encoded as a
325 big-endian integer in accordance with RFC 4402.
326 __FreeBSD_version is bumped to 902505.
332 Behavior of devfs rules path matching has been changed.
333 Pattern is now always matched against fully qualified devfs
334 path and slash characters must be explicitly matched by
335 slashes in pattern (FNM_PATHNAME). Rulesets involving devfs
336 subdirectories must be reviewed.
339 hastctl(8)'s `status' command output changed to terse one-liner format.
340 Scripts using this should switch to `list' command or be rewritten.
343 Fix a bug that allowed a tracing process (e.g. gdb) to write
344 to a memory-mapped file in the traced process's address space
345 even if neither the traced process nor the tracing process had
346 write access to that file.
349 Added ZFS TRIM support which is enabled by default. To disable
350 ZFS TRIM support set vfs.zfs.trim.enabled=0 in loader.conf.
352 Creating new ZFS pools and adding new devices to existing pools
353 first performs a full device level TRIM which can take a significant
354 amount of time. The sysctl vfs.zfs.vdev.trim_on_init can be set to 0
355 to disable this behaviour.
357 ZFS TRIM requires the underlying device support BIO_DELETE which
358 is currently provided by methods such as ATA TRIM and SCSI UNMAP
359 via CAM, which are typically supported by SSD's.
361 Stats for ZFS TRIM can be monitored by looking at the sysctl's
362 under kstat.zfs.misc.zio_trim.
365 `list' command has been added to hastctl(8). For now, it is full
366 equivalent of `status' command.
367 WARNING: in the near future the output of hastctl's status command
368 will change to more terse format. If you use `hastctl status'
369 for parsing in your scripts, switch to `hastctl list'.
372 The mergemaster command now uses the default MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX
373 rather than creating it's own in the temporary directory in
374 order allow access to bootstrapped versions of tools such as
375 install and mtree. When upgrading from version of FreeBSD where
376 the install command does not support -l, you will need to
377 install a new mergemaster command if mergemaster -p is required.
378 This can be accomplished with the command (cd src/usr.sbin/mergemaster
381 Due to the use of the new -l option to install(1) during build
382 and install, you must take care not to directly set the INSTALL
383 make variable in your /etc/make.conf, /etc/src.conf, or on the
384 command line. If you wish to use the -C flag for all installs
385 you may be able to add INSTALL+=-C to /etc/make.conf or
389 Fix a bug that allows NFS clients to issue READDIR on files.
392 The install(1) option -M has changed meaning and now takes an
393 argument that is a file or path to append logs to. In the
394 unlikely event that -M was the last option on the command line
395 and the command line contained at least two files and a target
396 directory the first file will have logs appended to it. The -M
397 option served little practical purpose in the last decade so it's
398 used expected to be extremely rare.
401 A new compression method (lz4) has been merged to. Please refer to
402 zpool-features(7) for more information.
404 Please refer to the "ZFS notes" section of this file for information
405 on upgrading boot ZFS pools.
408 The VFS KBI was changed with the merge of several nullfs
409 optimizations and fixes. All filesystem modules must be
413 With the addition of auditdistd(8), a new auditdistd user is now
414 depended on during installworld. "mergemaster -p" can be used to add
415 the user prior to installworld, as documented in the handbook.
421 A new version of ZFS (pool version 5000) has been merged to 9-STABLE.
422 Starting with this version the old system of ZFS pool versioning
423 is superseded by "feature flags". This concept enables forward
424 compatibility against certain future changes in functionality of ZFS
425 pools. The first two read-only compatible "feature flags" for ZFS
426 pools are "com.delphix:async_destroy" and "com.delphix:empty_bpobj".
427 For more information read the new zpool-features(7) manual page.
428 Please refer to the "ZFS notes" section of this file for information
429 on upgrading boot ZFS pools.
432 The commit introducing bsd.compiler.mk breaks the traditional
433 building of kernels before this point. Add -m ${SRC}/share/mk
434 (for the right value of SRC) to your command lines to work
435 around; update your useland to a point after this; or use the
436 buildkernel/installkernel top-level targets. See also 20120829.
439 The IPFIREWALL_FORWARD kernel option has been removed. Its
440 functionality now turned on by default.
443 The random(4) support for the VIA hardware random number
444 generator (`PADLOCK') is no longer enabled unconditionally.
445 Add the PADLOCK_RNG option in the custom kernel config if
446 needed. The GENERIC kernels on i386 and amd64 do include the
447 option, so the change only affects the custom kernel
451 The amd64 kernel now uses xsetbv, xrstor instructions. To compile with
452 the traditional method, you must update your system with an installworld
453 before the kernel will build. The documented make buildkernel/installkernel
454 interfaces (coupled with fresh make kernel-toolchain) continue to work.
457 The sparc64 ZFS loader has been changed to no longer try to auto-
458 detect ZFS providers based on diskN aliases but now requires these
459 to be explicitly listed in the OFW boot-device environment variable.
462 Now unix domain sockets behave "as expected" on nullfs(5). Previously
463 nullfs(5) did not pass through all behaviours to the underlying layer,
464 as a result if we bound to a socket on the lower layer we could connect
465 only to the lower path; if we bound to the upper layer we could connect
466 only to the upper path. The new behavior is one can connect to both the
467 lower and the upper paths regardless what layer path one binds to.
470 The acpi_wmi(4) status device /dev/wmistat has been renamed to
474 A new VOP_ADVISE() was added to support posix_fadvise(2). All
475 filesystem modules must be recompiled.
478 The interface of the VOP_VPTOCNP(9) changed, now the returned
479 vnode shall be referenced, previously it was required to be
480 only held. All in-tree filesystems are converted.
486 The broken amd(4) driver has been replaced with esp(4) in the amd64,
487 i386 and pc98 GENERIC kernel configuration files.
490 This commit modifies vfs_register() so that it uses a hash
491 calculation to set vfc_typenum, which is enabled by default.
492 The first time a system is booted after this change, the
493 vfc_typenum values will change for all file systems. The
494 main effect of this is a change to the NFS server file handles
495 for file systems that use vfc_typenum in their fsid, such as ZFS.
496 It will, however, prevent vfc_typenum from changing when file
497 systems are loaded in a different order for subsequent reboots.
498 To disable this, you can set vfs.typenumhash=0 in /boot/loader.conf
499 until you are ready to remount all NFS clients after a reboot.
502 Bump the shared library version numbers for libraries that
503 do not use symbol versioning, have changed the ABI compared
504 to stable/8 and which shared library version was not bumped.
505 Done as part of 9.0-RELEASE cycle.
508 During the merge of Capsicum features, the fget(9) KPI was modified.
509 This may require the rebuilding of out-of-tree device drivers --
510 issues have been reported specifically with the nVidia device driver.
511 __FreeBSD_version is bumped to 900041.
513 Also, there is a period between 20110811 and 20110814 where the
514 special devices /dev/{stdin,stdout,stderr} did not work correctly.
515 Building world from a kernel during that window may not work.
518 The packet filter (pf) code has been updated to OpenBSD 4.5.
519 You need to update userland tools to be in sync with kernel.
520 This update breaks backward compatibility with earlier pfsync(4)
521 versions. Care must be taken when updating redundant firewall setups.
524 The following sysctls and tunables are retired on x86 platforms:
526 machdep.hlt_logical_cpus
527 The following sysctl is retired:
528 machdep.hyperthreading_allowed
529 The sysctls were supposed to provide a way to dynamically offline and
530 online selected CPUs on x86 platforms, but the implementation has not
531 been reliable especially with SCHED_ULE scheduler.
532 machdep.hyperthreading_allowed tunable is still available to ignore
533 hyperthreading CPUs at OS level.
534 Individual CPUs can be disabled using hint.lapic.X.disabled tunable,
535 where X is an APIC ID of a CPU. Be advised, though, that disabling
536 CPUs in non-uniform fashion will result in non-uniform topology and
537 may lead to sub-optimal system performance with SCHED_ULE, which is
541 cpumask_t type is retired and cpuset_t is used in order to describe
545 Changes to ifconfig(8) for dynamic address family detection mandate
546 that you are running a kernel of 20110525 or later. Make sure to
547 follow the update procedure to boot a new kernel before installing
551 Support for sun4v architecture is officially dropped
554 Several KPI breaking changes have been committed to the mii(4) layer,
555 the PHY drivers and consequently some Ethernet drivers using mii(4).
556 This means that miibus.ko and the modules of the affected Ethernet
557 drivers need to be recompiled.
559 Note to kernel developers: Given that the OUI bit reversion problem
560 was fixed as part of these changes all mii(4) commits related to OUIs,
561 i.e. to sys/dev/mii/miidevs, PHY driver probing and vendor specific
562 handling, no longer can be merged verbatim to stable/8 and previous
566 Users of the Atheros AR71xx SoC code now need to add 'device ar71xx_pci'
567 into their kernel configurations along with 'device pci'.
570 The default NFS client is now the new NFS client, so fstype "newnfs"
571 is now "nfs" and the regular/old NFS client is now fstype "oldnfs".
572 Although mounts via fstype "nfs" will usually work without userland
573 changes, it is recommended that the mount(8) and mount_nfs(8)
574 commands be rebuilt from sources and that a link to mount_nfs called
575 mount_oldnfs be created. The new client is compiled into the
576 kernel with "options NFSCL" and this is needed for diskless root
577 file systems. The GENERIC kernel configs have been changed to use
578 NFSCL and NFSD (the new server) instead of NFSCLIENT and NFSSERVER.
579 To use the regular/old client, you can "mount -t oldnfs ...". For
580 a diskless root file system, you must also include a line like:
582 vfs.root.mountfrom="oldnfs:"
584 in the boot/loader.conf on the root fs on the NFS server to make
585 a diskless root fs use the old client.
588 The GENERIC kernels for all architectures now default to the new
589 CAM-based ATA stack. It means that all legacy ATA drivers were
590 removed and replaced by respective CAM drivers. If you are using
591 ATA device names in /etc/fstab or other places, make sure to update
592 them respectively (adX -> adaY, acdX -> cdY, afdX -> daY, astX -> saY,
593 where 'Y's are the sequential numbers starting from zero for each type
594 in order of detection, unless configured otherwise with tunables,
595 see cam(4)). There will be symbolic links created in /dev/ to map
596 old adX devices to the respective adaY. They should provide basic
597 compatibility for file systems mounting in most cases, but they do
598 not support old user-level APIs and do not have respective providers
599 in GEOM. Consider using updated management tools with new device names.
601 It is possible to load devices ahci, ata, siis and mvs as modules,
602 but option ATA_CAM should remain in kernel configuration to make ata
603 module work as CAM driver supporting legacy ATA controllers. Device ata
604 still can be used in modular fashion (atacore + ...). Modules atadisk
605 and atapi* are not used and won't affect operation in ATA_CAM mode.
606 Note that to use CAM-based ATA kernel should include CAM devices
607 scbus, pass, da (or explicitly ada), cd and optionally others. All of
608 them are parts of the cam module.
610 ataraid(4) functionality is now supported by the RAID GEOM class.
611 To use it you can load geom_raid kernel module and use graid(8) tool
612 for management. Instead of /dev/arX device names, use /dev/raid/rX.
614 No kernel config options or code have been removed, so if a problem
615 arises, please report it and optionally revert to the old ATA stack.
616 In order to do it you can remove from the kernel config:
621 , and instead add back:
622 device atadisk # ATA disk drives
623 device ataraid # ATA RAID drives
624 device atapicd # ATAPI CDROM drives
625 device atapifd # ATAPI floppy drives
626 device atapist # ATAPI tape drives
629 The default NFS server has been changed to the new server, which
630 was referred to as the experimental server. If you need to switch
631 back to the old NFS server, you must now put the "-o" option on
632 both the mountd and nfsd commands. This can be done using the
633 mountd_flags and nfs_server_flags rc.conf variables until an
634 update to the rc scripts is committed, which is coming soon.
637 The GNU Objective-C runtime library (libobjc), and other Objective-C
638 related components have been removed from the base system. If you
639 require an Objective-C library, please use one of the available ports.
642 ath(4) has been split into bus- and device- modules. if_ath contains
643 the HAL, the TX rate control and the network device code. if_ath_pci
644 contains the PCI bus glue. For Atheros MIPS embedded systems, if_ath_ahb
645 contains the AHB glue. Users need to load both if_ath_pci and if_ath
646 in order to use ath on everything else.
648 TO REPEAT: if_ath_ahb is not needed for normal users. Normal users only
649 need to load if_ath and if_ath_pci for ath(4) operation.
652 As part of the replacement of sysinstall, the process of building
653 release media has changed significantly. For details, please re-read
654 release(7), which has been updated to reflect the new build process.
657 GNU binutils 2.17.50 (as of 2007-07-03) has been merged to -HEAD. This
658 is the last available version under GPLv2. It brings a number of new
659 features, such as support for newer x86 CPU's (with SSE-3, SSSE-3, SSE
660 4.1 and SSE 4.2), better support for powerpc64, a number of new
661 directives, and lots of other small improvements. See the ChangeLog
662 file in contrib/binutils for the full details.
665 IPsec's HMAC_SHA256-512 support has been fixed to be RFC4868
666 compliant, and will now use half of hash for authentication.
667 This will break interoperability with all stacks (including all
668 actual FreeBSD versions) who implement
669 draft-ietf-ipsec-ciph-sha-256-00 (they use 96 bits of hash for
671 The only workaround with such peers is to use another HMAC
672 algorithm for IPsec ("phase 2") authentication.
675 Remove the uio_yield prototype and symbol. This function has
676 been misnamed since it was introduced and should not be
677 globally exposed with this name. The equivalent functionality
678 is now available using kern_yield(curthread->td_user_pri).
679 The function remains undocumented.
682 A SYSCTL_[ADD_]UQUAD was added for unsigned uint64_t pointers,
683 symmetric with the existing SYSCTL_[ADD_]QUAD. Type checking
684 for scalar sysctls is defined but disabled. Code that needs
685 UQUAD to pass the type checking that must compile on older
686 systems where the define is not present can check against
687 __FreeBSD_version >= 900030.
689 The system dialog(1) has been replaced with a new version previously
690 in ports as devel/cdialog. dialog(1) is mostly command-line compatible
691 with the previous version, but the libdialog associated with it has
692 a largely incompatible API. As such, the original version of libdialog
693 will be kept temporarily as libodialog, until its base system consumers
694 are replaced or updated. Bump __FreeBSD_version to 900030.
697 If you are trying to run make universe on a -stable system, and you get
698 the following warning:
699 "Makefile", line 356: "Target architecture for i386/conf/GENERIC
700 unknown. config(8) likely too old."
701 or something similar to it, then you must upgrade your -stable system
702 to 8.2-Release or newer (really, any time after r210146 7/15/2010 in
703 stable/8) or build the config from the latest stable/8 branch and
704 install it on your system.
706 Prior to this date, building a current universe on 8-stable system from
707 between 7/15/2010 and 1/2/2011 would result in a weird shell parsing
708 error in the first kernel build phase. A new config on those old
709 systems will fix that problem for older versions of -current.
712 The TCP stack has been modified to allow Khelp modules to interact with
713 it via helper hook points and store per-connection data in the TCP
714 control block. Bump __FreeBSD_version to 900029. User space tools that
715 rely on the size of struct tcpcb in tcp_var.h (e.g. sockstat) need to
719 Generic IEEE 802.3 annex 31B full duplex flow control support has been
720 added to mii(4) and bge(4), bce(4), msk(4), nfe(4) and stge(4) along
721 with brgphy(4), e1000phy(4) as well as ip1000phy() have been converted
722 to take advantage of it instead of using custom implementations. This
723 means that these drivers now no longer unconditionally advertise
724 support for flow control but only do so if flow control is a selected
725 media option. This was implemented in the generic support that way in
726 order to allow flow control to be switched on and off via ifconfig(8)
727 with the PHY specific default to typically off in order to protect
728 from unwanted effects. Consequently, if you used flow control with
729 one of the above mentioned drivers you now need to explicitly enable
731 ifconfig bge0 media auto mediaopt flowcontrol
733 Along with the above mentioned changes generic support for setting
734 1000baseT master mode also has been added and brgphy(4), ciphy(4),
735 e1000phy(4) as well as ip1000phy(4) have been converted to take
736 advantage of it. This means that these drivers now no longer take the
737 link0 parameter for selecting master mode but the master media option
738 has to be used instead, for example like in the following:
739 ifconfig bge0 media 1000baseT mediaopt full-duplex,master
741 Selection of master mode now is also available with all other PHY
742 drivers supporting 1000baseT.
745 The TCP stack has received a significant update to add support for
746 modularised congestion control and generally improve the clarity of
747 congestion control decisions. Bump __FreeBSD_version to 900025. User
748 space tools that rely on the size of struct tcpcb in tcp_var.h (e.g.
749 sockstat) need to be recompiled.
752 The man(1) utility has been replaced by a new version that no longer
753 uses /etc/manpath.config. Please consult man.conf(5) for how to
754 migrate local entries to the new format.
757 The copyright strings printed by login(1) and sshd(8) at the time of a
758 new connection have been removed to follow other operating systems and
762 A workaround for a fixed ld bug has been removed in kernel code,
763 so make sure that your system ld is built from sources after
764 revision 210245 from 2010-07-19 (r211583 if building head kernel
765 on stable/8, r211584 for stable/7; both from 2010-08-21).
766 A symptom of incorrect ld version is different addresses for
767 set_pcpu section and __start_set_pcpu symbol in kernel and/or modules.
770 The $ipv6_prefer variable in rc.conf(5) has been split into
771 $ip6addrctl_policy and $ipv6_activate_all_interfaces.
773 The $ip6addrctl_policy is a variable to choose a pre-defined
774 address selection policy set by ip6addrctl(8). A value
775 "ipv4_prefer", "ipv6_prefer" or "AUTO" can be specified. The
778 The $ipv6_activate_all_interfaces specifies whether IFDISABLED
779 flag (see an entry of 20090926) is set on an interface with no
780 corresponding $ifconfig_IF_ipv6 line. The default is "NO" for
781 security reason. If you want IPv6 link-local address on all
782 interfaces by default, set this to "YES".
784 The old ipv6_prefer="YES" is equivalent to
785 ipv6_activate_all_interfaces="YES" and
786 ip6addrctl_policy="ipv6_prefer".
789 DTrace has grown support for userland tracing. Due to this, DTrace is
790 now i386 and amd64 only.
791 dtruss(1) is now installed by default on those systems and a new
792 kernel module is needed for userland tracing: fasttrap.
793 No changes to your kernel config file are necessary to enable
794 userland tracing, but you might consider adding 'STRIP=' and
795 'CFLAGS+=-fno-omit-frame-pointer' to your make.conf if you want
796 to have informative userland stack traces in DTrace (ustack).
799 The acpi_aiboost(4) driver has been removed in favor of the new
800 aibs(4) driver. You should update your kernel configuration file.
803 BSD grep has been imported to the base system and it is built by
804 default. It is completely BSD licensed, highly GNU-compatible, uses
805 less memory than its GNU counterpart and has a small codebase.
806 However, it is slower than its GNU counterpart, which is mostly
807 noticeable for larger searches, for smaller ones it is measurable
808 but not significant. The reason is complex, the most important factor
809 is that we lack a modern and efficient regex library and GNU
810 overcomes this by optimizing the searches internally. Future work
811 on improving the regex performance is planned, for the meantime,
812 users that need better performance, can build GNU grep instead by
813 setting the WITH_GNU_GREP knob.
816 Due to the import of powerpc64 support, all existing powerpc kernel
817 configuration files must be updated with a machine directive like this:
818 machine powerpc powerpc
820 In addition, an updated config(8) is required to build powerpc kernels
824 A new version of ZFS (version 15) has been merged to -HEAD.
825 This version uses a python library for the following subcommands:
826 zfs allow, zfs unallow, zfs groupspace, zfs userspace.
827 For full functionality of these commands the following port must
828 be installed: sysutils/py-zfs
831 'vm_page's are now hashed by physical address to an array of mutexes.
832 Currently this is only used to serialize access to hold_count. Over
833 time the page queue mutex will be peeled away. This changes the size
834 of pmap on every architecture. And requires all callers of vm_page_hold
835 and vm_page_unhold to be updated.
838 WITH_CTF can now be specified in src.conf (not recommended, there
839 are some problems with static executables), make.conf (would also
840 affect ports which do not use GNU make and do not override the
841 compile targets) or in the kernel config (via "makeoptions
843 When WITH_CTF was specified there before this was silently ignored,
844 so make sure that WITH_CTF is not used in places which could lead
845 to unwanted behavior.
848 The kernel option COMPAT_IA32 has been replaced with COMPAT_FREEBSD32
849 to allow 32-bit compatibility on non-x86 platforms. All kernel
850 configurations on amd64 and ia64 platforms using these options must
851 be modified accordingly.
854 The utmp user accounting database has been replaced with utmpx,
855 the user accounting interface standardized by POSIX.
856 Unfortunately the semantics of utmp and utmpx don't match,
857 making it practically impossible to support both interfaces.
858 The user accounting database is used by tools like finger(1),
859 last(1), talk(1), w(1) and ac(8).
861 All applications in the base system use utmpx. This means only
862 local binaries (e.g. from the ports tree) may still use these
863 utmp database files. These applications must be rebuilt to make
866 After the system has been upgraded, it is safe to remove the old
867 log files (/var/run/utmp, /var/log/lastlog and /var/log/wtmp*),
868 assuming their contents is of no importance anymore. Old wtmp
869 databases can only be used by last(1) and ac(8) after they have
870 been converted to the new format using wtmpcvt(1).
873 Introduce the kernel thread "deadlock resolver" (which can be enabled
874 via the DEADLKRES option, see NOTES for more details) and the
875 sleepq_type() function for sleepqueues.
878 The rc.firewall and rc.firewall6 were unified, and
879 rc.firewall6 and rc.d/ip6fw were removed.
880 According to the removal of rc.d/ip6fw, ipv6_firewall_* rc
881 variables are obsoleted. Instead, the following new rc
882 variables are added to rc.d/ipfw:
884 firewall_client_net_ipv6, firewall_simple_iif_ipv6,
885 firewall_simple_inet_ipv6, firewall_simple_oif_ipv6,
886 firewall_simple_onet_ipv6, firewall_trusted_ipv6
888 The meanings correspond to the relevant IPv4 variables.
894 The default terminal emulation for syscons(4) has been changed
895 from cons25 to xterm on all platforms except pc98. This means
896 that the /etc/ttys file needs to be updated to ensure correct
897 operation of applications on the console.
899 The terminal emulation style can be toggled per window by using
900 vidcontrol(1)'s -T flag. The TEKEN_CONS25 kernel configuration
901 options can be used to change the compile-time default back to
904 To prevent graphical artifacts, make sure the TERM environment
905 variable is set to match the terminal emulation that is being
906 performed by syscons(4).
909 The layout of the structure ieee80211req_scan_result has changed.
910 Applications that require wireless scan results (e.g. ifconfig(8))
911 from net80211 need to be recompiled.
913 Applications such as wpa_supplicant(8) may require a full world
914 build without using NO_CLEAN in order to get synchronized with the
918 The iwn(4) driver has been updated to support the 5000 and 5150 series.
919 There's one kernel module for each firmware. Adding "device iwnfw"
920 to the kernel configuration file means including all three firmware
921 images inside the kernel. If you want to include just the one for
922 your wireless card, use the devices iwn4965fw, iwn5000fw or
926 The rc.d/network_ipv6, IPv6 configuration script has been integrated
927 into rc.d/netif. The changes are the following:
929 1. To use IPv6, simply define $ifconfig_IF_ipv6 like $ifconfig_IF
930 for IPv4. For aliases, $ifconfig_IF_aliasN should be used.
931 Note that both variables need the "inet6" keyword at the head.
933 Do not set $ipv6_network_interfaces manually if you do not
934 understand what you are doing. It is not needed in most cases.
936 $ipv6_ifconfig_IF and $ipv6_ifconfig_IF_aliasN still work, but
939 2. $ipv6_enable is obsolete. Use $ipv6_prefer and
940 "inet6 accept_rtadv" keyword in ifconfig(8) instead.
942 If you define $ipv6_enable=YES, it means $ipv6_prefer=YES and
943 all configured interfaces have "inet6 accept_rtadv" in the
944 $ifconfig_IF_ipv6. These are for backward compatibility.
946 3. A new variable $ipv6_prefer has been added. If NO, IPv6
947 functionality of interfaces with no corresponding
948 $ifconfig_IF_ipv6 is disabled by using "inet6 ifdisabled" flag,
949 and the default address selection policy of ip6addrctl(8)
950 is the IPv4-preferred one (see rc.d/ip6addrctl for more details).
951 Note that if you want to configure IPv6 functionality on the
952 disabled interfaces after boot, first you need to clear the flag by
953 using ifconfig(8) like:
955 ifconfig em0 inet6 -ifdisabled
957 If YES, the default address selection policy is set as
960 The default value of $ipv6_prefer is NO.
962 4. If your system need to receive Router Advertisement messages,
963 define "inet6 accept_rtadv" in $ifconfig_IF_ipv6. The rc(8)
964 scripts automatically invoke rtsol(8) when the interface becomes
965 UP. The Router Advertisement messages are used for SLAAC
966 (State-Less Address AutoConfiguration).
969 802.11s D3.03 support was committed. This is incompatible with the
970 previous code, which was based on D3.0.
973 A sysctl variable net.inet6.ip6.accept_rtadv now sets the default value
974 of a per-interface flag ND6_IFF_ACCEPT_RTADV, not a global knob to
975 control whether accepting Router Advertisement messages or not.
976 Also, a per-interface flag ND6_IFF_AUTO_LINKLOCAL has been added and
977 a sysctl variable net.inet6.ip6.auto_linklocal is its default value.
978 The ifconfig(8) utility now supports these flags.
981 ZFS snapshots are now mounted with MNT_IGNORE flag. Use -v option for
982 mount(8) and -a option for df(1) to see them.
985 The old tunable hw.bus.devctl_disable has been superseded by
986 hw.bus.devctl_queue. hw.bus.devctl_disable=1 in loader.conf should be
987 replaced by hw.bus.devctl_queue=0. The default for this new tunable
991 Remove the option STOP_NMI. The default action is now to use NMI only
992 for KDB via the newly introduced function stop_cpus_hard() and
993 maintain stop_cpus() to just use a normal IPI_STOP on ia32 and amd64.
996 The stable/8 branch created in subversion. This corresponds to the
997 RELENG_8 branch in CVS.
1000 Bump the shared library version numbers for all libraries that do not
1001 use symbol versioning as part of the 8.0-RELEASE cycle. Bump
1002 __FreeBSD_version to 800105.
1005 Due to changes in the implementation of virtual network stack support,
1006 all network-related kernel modules must be recompiled. As this change
1007 breaks the ABI, bump __FreeBSD_version to 800104.
1010 The TOE interface to the TCP syncache has been modified to remove
1011 struct tcpopt (<netinet/tcp_var.h>) from the ABI of the network stack.
1012 The cxgb driver is the only TOE consumer affected by this change, and
1013 needs to be recompiled along with the kernel. As this change breaks
1014 the ABI, bump __FreeBSD_version to 800103.
1017 Padding has been added to struct tcpcb, sackhint and tcpstat in
1018 <netinet/tcp_var.h> to facilitate future MFCs and bug fixes whilst
1019 maintaining the ABI. However, this change breaks the ABI, so bump
1020 __FreeBSD_version to 800102. User space tools that rely on the size of
1021 any of these structs (e.g. sockstat) need to be recompiled.
1024 The NFS_LEGACYRPC option has been removed along with the old kernel
1025 RPC implementation that this option selected. Kernel configurations
1026 may need to be adjusted.
1029 The network interface device nodes at /dev/net/<interface> have been
1030 removed. All ioctl operations can be performed the normal way using
1031 routing sockets. The kqueue functionality can generally be replaced
1032 with routing sockets.
1035 The documentation from the FreeBSD Documentation Project (Handbook,
1036 FAQ, etc.) is now installed via packages by sysinstall(8) and under
1037 the /usr/local/share/doc/freebsd directory instead of /usr/share/doc.
1040 The ABI of various structures related to the SYSV IPC API have been
1041 changed. As a result, the COMPAT_FREEBSD[456] and COMPAT_43 kernel
1042 options now all require COMPAT_FREEBSD7. Bump __FreeBSD_version to
1046 Layout of struct vnet has changed as routing related variables were
1047 moved to their own Vimage module. Modules need to be recompiled. Bump
1048 __FreeBSD_version to 800099.
1051 NGROUPS_MAX and NGROUPS have been increased from 16 to 1023 and 1024
1052 respectively. As long as no more than 16 groups per process are used,
1053 no changes should be visible. When more than 16 groups are used, old
1054 binaries may fail if they call getgroups() or getgrouplist() with
1055 statically sized storage. Recompiling will work around this, but
1056 applications should be modified to use dynamically allocated storage
1057 for group arrays as POSIX.1-2008 does not cap an implementation's
1058 number of supported groups at NGROUPS_MAX+1 as previous versions did.
1060 NFS and portalfs mounts may also be affected as the list of groups is
1061 truncated to 16. Users of NFS who use more than 16 groups, should
1062 take care that negative group permissions are not used on the exported
1063 file systems as they will not be reliable unless a GSSAPI based
1064 authentication method is used.
1067 The compiling option ADAPTIVE_LOCKMGRS has been introduced. This
1068 option compiles in the support for adaptive spinning for lockmgrs
1069 which want to enable it. The lockinit() function now accepts the flag
1070 LK_ADAPTIVE in order to make the lock object subject to adaptive
1071 spinning when both held in write and read mode.
1074 The layout of the structure returned by IEEE80211_IOC_STA_INFO has
1075 changed. User applications that use this ioctl need to be rebuilt.
1078 The layout of struct thread has changed. Kernel and modules need to
1082 The layout of structs ifnet, domain, protosw and vnet_net has changed.
1083 Kernel modules need to be rebuilt. Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800097.
1086 window(1) has been removed from the base system. It can now be
1087 installed from ports. The port is called misc/window.
1090 The way we are storing and accessing `routing table' entries has
1091 changed. Programs reading the FIB, like netstat, need to be
1095 A new netisr implementation has been added for FreeBSD 8. Network
1096 file system modules, such as igmp, ipdivert, and others, should be
1098 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800096.
1101 Remove the tunable/sysctl debug.mpsafevfs as its initial purpose is no
1105 Add VOP_ACCESSX(9). File system modules need to be rebuilt.
1106 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800094.
1109 Add mnt_xflag field to 'struct mount'. File system modules need to be
1111 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800093.
1114 The compiling option ADAPTIVE_SX has been retired while it has been
1115 introduced the option NO_ADAPTIVE_SX which handles the reversed logic.
1116 The KPI for sx_init_flags() changes as accepting flags:
1117 SX_ADAPTIVESPIN flag has been retired while the SX_NOADAPTIVE flag has
1118 been introduced in order to handle the reversed logic.
1119 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800092.
1122 Add support for hierarchical jails. Remove global securelevel.
1123 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800091.
1126 The layout of struct vnet_net has changed, therefore modules
1128 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800090.
1131 The newly imported zic(8) produces a new format in the output. Please
1132 run tzsetup(8) to install the newly created data to /etc/localtime.
1135 The sysctl tree for the usb stack has renamed from hw.usb2.* to
1136 hw.usb.* and is now consistent again with previous releases.
1139 802.11 monitor mode support was revised and driver api's were changed.
1140 Drivers dependent on net80211 now support DLT_IEEE802_11_RADIO instead
1141 of DLT_IEEE802_11. No user-visible data structures were changed but
1142 applications that use DLT_IEEE802_11 may require changes.
1143 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800088.
1146 The layout of the following structs has changed: sysctl_oid,
1147 socket, ifnet, inpcbinfo, tcpcb, syncache_head, vnet_inet,
1148 vnet_inet6 and vnet_ipfw. Most modules need to be rebuild or
1149 panics may be experienced. World rebuild is required for
1150 correctly checking networking state from userland.
1151 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800085.
1154 MLDv2 and Source-Specific Multicast (SSM) have been merged
1155 to the IPv6 stack. VIMAGE hooks are in but not yet used.
1156 The implementation of SSM within FreeBSD's IPv6 stack closely
1157 follows the IPv4 implementation.
1159 For kernel developers:
1161 * The most important changes are that the ip6_output() and
1162 ip6_input() paths no longer take the IN6_MULTI_LOCK,
1163 and this lock has been downgraded to a non-recursive mutex.
1165 * As with the changes to the IPv4 stack to support SSM, filtering
1166 of inbound multicast traffic must now be performed by transport
1167 protocols within the IPv6 stack. This does not apply to TCP and
1168 SCTP, however, it does apply to UDP in IPv6 and raw IPv6.
1170 * The KPIs used by IPv6 multicast are similar to those used by
1171 the IPv4 stack, with the following differences:
1172 * im6o_mc_filter() is analogous to imo_multicast_filter().
1173 * The legacy KAME entry points in6_joingroup and in6_leavegroup()
1174 are shimmed to in6_mc_join() and in6_mc_leave() respectively.
1175 * IN6_LOOKUP_MULTI() has been deprecated and removed.
1176 * IPv6 relies on MLD for the DAD mechanism. KAME's internal KPIs
1177 for MLDv1 have an additional 'timer' argument which is used to
1178 jitter the initial membership report for the solicited-node
1179 multicast membership on-link.
1180 * This is not strictly needed for MLDv2, which already jitters
1181 its report transmissions. However, the 'timer' argument is
1182 preserved in case MLDv1 is active on the interface.
1184 * The KAME linked-list based IPv6 membership implementation has
1185 been refactored to use a vector similar to that used by the IPv4
1187 Code which maintains a list of its own multicast memberships
1188 internally, e.g. carp, has been updated to reflect the new
1191 * There is a known Lock Order Reversal (LOR) due to in6_setscope()
1192 acquiring the IF_AFDATA_LOCK and being called within ip6_output().
1193 Whilst MLDv2 tries to avoid this otherwise benign LOR, it is an
1194 implementation constraint which needs to be addressed in HEAD.
1196 For application developers:
1198 * The changes are broadly similar to those made for the IPv4
1201 * The use of IPv4 and IPv6 multicast socket options on the same
1202 socket, using mapped addresses, HAS NOT been tested or supported.
1204 * There are a number of issues with the implementation of various
1205 IPv6 multicast APIs which need to be resolved in the API surface
1206 before the implementation is fully compatible with KAME userland
1207 use, and these are mostly to do with interface index treatment.
1209 * The literature available discusses the use of either the delta / ASM
1210 API with setsockopt(2)/getsockopt(2), or the full-state / ASM API
1211 using setsourcefilter(3)/getsourcefilter(3). For more information
1212 please refer to RFC 3768, 'Socket Interface Extensions for
1213 Multicast Source Filters'.
1215 * Applications which use the published RFC 3678 APIs should be fine.
1217 For systems administrators:
1219 * The mtest(8) utility has been refactored to support IPv6, in
1220 addition to IPv4. Interface addresses are no longer accepted
1221 as arguments, their names must be used instead. The utility
1222 will map the interface name to its first IPv4 address as
1223 returned by getifaddrs(3).
1225 * The ifmcstat(8) utility has also been updated to print the MLDv2
1226 endpoint state and source filter lists via sysctl(3).
1228 * The net.inet6.ip6.mcast.loop sysctl may be tuned to 0 to disable
1229 loopback of IPv6 multicast datagrams by default; it defaults to 1
1230 to preserve the existing behaviour. Disabling multicast loopback is
1231 recommended for optimal system performance.
1233 * The IPv6 MROUTING code has been changed to examine this sysctl
1234 instead of attempting to perform a group lookup before looping
1235 back forwarded datagrams.
1237 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800084.
1240 Implement low-level Bluetooth HCI API.
1241 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800083.
1244 The layout of struct malloc_type, used by modules to register new
1245 memory allocation types, has changed. Most modules will need to
1246 be rebuilt or panics may be experienced.
1247 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800081.
1250 Anticipate overflowing inp_flags - add inp_flags2.
1251 This changes most offsets in inpcb, so checking v4 connection
1252 state will require a world rebuild.
1253 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800080.
1256 Add an llentry to struct route and struct route_in6. Modules
1257 embedding a struct route will need to be recompiled.
1258 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800079.
1261 The size of rt_metrics_lite and by extension rtentry has changed.
1262 Networking administration apps will need to be recompiled.
1263 The route command now supports show as an alias for get, weighting
1264 of routes, sticky and nostick flags to alter the behavior of stateful
1266 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800078.
1269 Do not use Giant for kbdmux(4) locking. This is wrong and
1270 apparently causing more problems than it solves. This will
1271 re-open the issue where interrupt handlers may race with
1272 kbdmux(4) in polling mode. Typical symptoms include (but
1273 not limited to) duplicated and/or missing characters when
1274 low level console functions (such as gets) are used while
1275 interrupts are enabled (for example geli password prompt,
1276 mountroot prompt etc.). Disabling kbdmux(4) may help.
1279 The size of structs vnet_net, vnet_inet and vnet_ipfw has changed;
1280 kernel modules referencing any of the above need to be recompiled.
1281 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800075.
1284 GEOM_PART has become the default partition slicer for storage devices,
1285 replacing GEOM_MBR, GEOM_BSD, GEOM_PC98 and GEOM_GPT slicers. It
1286 introduces some changes:
1288 MSDOS/EBR: the devices created from MSDOS extended partition entries
1289 (EBR) can be named differently than with GEOM_MBR and are now symlinks
1290 to devices with offset-based names. fstabs may need to be modified.
1292 BSD: the "geometry does not match label" warning is harmless in most
1293 cases but it points to problems in file system misalignment with
1294 disk geometry. The "c" partition is now implicit, covers the whole
1295 top-level drive and cannot be (mis)used by users.
1297 General: Kernel dumps are now not allowed to be written to devices
1298 whose partition types indicate they are meant to be used for file
1299 systems (or, in case of MSDOS partitions, as something else than
1302 Most of these changes date approximately from 200812.
1305 The uscanner(4) driver has been removed from the kernel. This follows
1306 Linux removing theirs in 2.6 and making libusb the default interface
1307 (supported by sane).
1310 The multicast forwarding code has been cleaned up. netstat(1)
1311 only relies on KVM now for printing bandwidth upcall meters.
1312 The IPv4 and IPv6 modules are split into ip_mroute_mod and
1313 ip6_mroute_mod respectively. The config(5) options for statically
1314 compiling this code remain the same, i.e. 'options MROUTING'.
1317 Support for the IFF_NEEDSGIANT network interface flag has been
1318 removed, which means that non-MPSAFE network device drivers are no
1319 longer supported. In particular, if_ar, if_sr, and network device
1320 drivers from the old (legacy) USB stack can no longer be built or
1324 POSIX.1 Native Language Support (NLS) has been enabled in libc and
1325 a bunch of new language catalog files have also been added.
1326 This means that some common libc messages are now localized and
1327 they depend on the LC_MESSAGES environmental variable.
1330 The k8temp(4) driver has been renamed to amdtemp(4) since
1331 support for Family 10 and Family 11 CPU families was added.
1334 IGMPv3 and Source-Specific Multicast (SSM) have been merged
1335 to the IPv4 stack. VIMAGE hooks are in but not yet used.
1337 For kernel developers, the most important changes are that the
1338 ip_output() and ip_input() paths no longer take the IN_MULTI_LOCK(),
1339 and this lock has been downgraded to a non-recursive mutex.
1341 Transport protocols (UDP, Raw IP) are now responsible for filtering
1342 inbound multicast traffic according to group membership and source
1343 filters. The imo_multicast_filter() KPI exists for this purpose.
1344 Transports which do not use multicast (SCTP, TCP) already reject
1345 multicast by default. Forwarding and receive performance may improve
1346 as a mutex acquisition is no longer needed in the ip_input()
1347 low-level input path. in_addmulti() and in_delmulti() are shimmed
1348 to new KPIs which exist to support SSM in-kernel.
1350 For application developers, it is recommended that loopback of
1351 multicast datagrams be disabled for best performance, as this
1352 will still cause the lock to be taken for each looped-back
1353 datagram transmission. The net.inet.ip.mcast.loop sysctl may
1354 be tuned to 0 to disable loopback by default; it defaults to 1
1355 to preserve the existing behaviour.
1357 For systems administrators, to obtain best performance with
1358 multicast reception and multiple groups, it is always recommended
1359 that a card with a suitably precise hash filter is used. Hash
1360 collisions will still result in the lock being taken within the
1361 transport protocol input path to check group membership.
1363 If deploying FreeBSD in an environment with IGMP snooping switches,
1364 it is recommended that the net.inet.igmp.sendlocal sysctl remain
1365 enabled; this forces 224.0.0.0/24 group membership to be announced
1368 The size of 'struct igmpstat' has changed; netstat needs to be
1369 recompiled to reflect this.
1370 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800070.
1373 libusb20.so.1 is now installed as libusb.so.1 and the ports system
1374 updated to use it. This requires a buildworld/installworld in order to
1375 update the library and dependencies (usbconfig, etc). Its advisable to
1376 rebuild all ports which uses libusb. More specific directions are given
1377 in the ports collection UPDATING file. Any /etc/libmap.conf entries for
1378 libusb are no longer required and can be removed.
1381 A workaround is committed to allow the creation of System V shared
1382 memory segment of size > 2 GB on the 64-bit architectures.
1383 Due to a limitation of the existing ABI, the shm_segsz member
1384 of the struct shmid_ds, returned by shmctl(IPC_STAT) call is
1385 wrong for large segments. Note that limits must be explicitly
1386 raised to allow such segments to be created.
1389 The layout of struct ifnet has changed, requiring a rebuild of all
1390 network device driver modules.
1393 The /dev handling for the new USB stack has changed, a
1394 buildworld/installworld is required for libusb20.
1397 The new USB2 stack has now been permanently moved in and all kernel and
1398 module names reverted to their previous values (eg, usb, ehci, ohci,
1399 ums, ...). The old usb stack can be compiled in by prefixing the name
1400 with the letter 'o', the old usb modules have been removed.
1401 Updating entry 20090216 for xorg and 20090215 for libmap may still
1405 The rc.conf(5) option if_up_delay has been renamed to
1406 defaultroute_delay to better reflect its purpose. If you have
1407 customized this setting in /etc/rc.conf you need to update it to
1411 xorg 7.4 wants to configure its input devices via hald which does not
1412 yet work with USB2. If the keyboard/mouse does not work in xorg then
1414 Option "AllowEmptyInput" "off"
1415 to your ServerLayout section. This will cause X to use the configured
1416 kbd and mouse sections from your xorg.conf.
1419 The GENERIC kernels for all architectures now default to the new USB2
1420 stack. No kernel config options or code have been removed so if a
1421 problem arises please report it and optionally revert to the old USB
1422 stack. If you are loading USB kernel modules or have a custom kernel
1423 that includes GENERIC then ensure that usb names are also changed over,
1424 eg uftdi -> usb2_serial_ftdi.
1426 Older programs linked against the ports libusb 0.1 need to be
1427 redirected to the new stack's libusb20. /etc/libmap.conf can
1429 # Map old usb library to new one for usb2 stack
1430 libusb-0.1.so.8 libusb20.so.1
1433 All USB ethernet devices now attach as interfaces under the name ueN
1434 (eg. ue0). This is to provide a predictable name as vendors often
1435 change usb chipsets in a product without notice.
1438 The ichsmb(4) driver has been changed to require SMBus slave
1439 addresses be left-justified (xxxxxxx0b) rather than right-justified.
1440 All of the other SMBus controller drivers require left-justified
1441 slave addresses, so this change makes all the drivers provide the
1445 INET6 statistics (struct ip6stat) was updated.
1446 netstat(1) needs to be recompiled.
1449 NTFS has been removed from GENERIC kernel on amd64 to match
1450 GENERIC on i386. Should not cause any issues since mount_ntfs(8)
1451 will load ntfs.ko module automatically when NTFS support is
1452 actually needed, unless ntfs.ko is not installed or security
1453 level prohibits loading kernel modules. If either is the case,
1454 "options NTFS" has to be added into kernel config.
1457 TCP Appropriate Byte Counting (RFC 3465) support added to kernel.
1458 New field in struct tcpcb breaks ABI, so bump __FreeBSD_version to
1459 800061. User space tools that rely on the size of struct tcpcb in
1460 tcp_var.h (e.g. sockstat) need to be recompiled.
1463 ng_tty(4) module updated to match the new TTY subsystem.
1464 Due to API change, user-level applications must be updated.
1465 New API support added to mpd5 CVS and expected to be present
1466 in next mpd5.3 release.
1469 With __FreeBSD_version 800060 the makefs tool is part of
1470 the base system (it was a port).
1473 The afdata and ifnet locks have been changed from mutexes to
1474 rwlocks, network modules will need to be re-compiled.
1477 __FreeBSD_version 800059 incorporates the new arp-v2 rewrite.
1478 RTF_CLONING, RTF_LLINFO and RTF_WASCLONED flags are eliminated.
1479 The new code reduced struct rtentry{} by 16 bytes on 32-bit
1480 architecture and 40 bytes on 64-bit architecture. The userland
1481 applications "arp" and "ndp" have been updated accordingly.
1482 The output from "netstat -r" shows only routing entries and
1483 none of the L2 information.
1486 __FreeBSD_version 800057 marks the switchover from the
1487 binary ath hal to source code. Users must add the line:
1489 options AH_SUPPORT_AR5416
1491 to their kernel config files when specifying:
1495 The ath_hal module no longer exists; the code is now compiled
1496 together with the driver in the ath module. It is now
1497 possible to tailor chip support (i.e. reduce the set of chips
1498 and thereby the code size); consult ath_hal(4) for details.
1501 __FreeBSD_version 800054 adds memory barriers to
1502 <machine/atomic.h>, new interfaces to ifnet to facilitate
1503 multiple hardware transmit queues for cards that support
1504 them, and a lock-less ring-buffer implementation to
1505 enable drivers to more efficiently manage queueing of
1509 A new version of ZFS (version 13) has been merged to -HEAD.
1510 This version has zpool attribute "listsnapshots" off by
1511 default, which means "zfs list" does not show snapshots,
1512 and is the same as Solaris behavior.
1515 dummynet(4) ABI has changed. ipfw(8) needs to be recompiled.
1518 The uhci, ohci, ehci and slhci USB Host controller drivers have
1519 been put into separate modules. If you load the usb module
1520 separately through loader.conf you will need to load the
1521 appropriate *hci module as well. E.g. for a UHCI-based USB 2.0
1522 controller add the following to loader.conf:
1528 The ABI used by the PMC toolset has changed. Please keep
1529 userland (libpmc(3)) and the kernel module (hwpmc(4)) in
1533 atapci kernel module now includes only generic PCI ATA
1534 driver. AHCI driver moved to ataahci kernel module.
1535 All vendor-specific code moved into separate kernel modules:
1536 ataacard, ataacerlabs, ataadaptec, ataamd, ataati, atacenatek,
1537 atacypress, atacyrix, atahighpoint, ataintel, ataite, atajmicron,
1538 atamarvell, atamicron, atanational, atanetcell, atanvidia,
1539 atapromise, ataserverworks, atasiliconimage, atasis, atavia
1542 The TTY subsystem of the kernel has been replaced by a new
1543 implementation, which provides better scalability and an
1544 improved driver model. Most common drivers have been migrated to
1545 the new TTY subsystem, while others have not. The following
1546 drivers have not yet been ported to the new TTY layer:
1549 cy, digi, rc, rp, sio
1555 ng_h4, ng_tty, ppp, sl, snp
1557 Adding these drivers to your kernel configuration file shall
1558 cause compilation to fail.
1561 ntpd has been upgraded to 4.2.4p5.
1564 OpenSSH has been upgraded to 5.1p1.
1566 For many years, FreeBSD's version of OpenSSH preferred DSA
1567 over RSA for host and user authentication keys. With this
1568 upgrade, we've switched to the vendor's default of RSA over
1569 DSA. This may cause upgraded clients to warn about unknown
1570 host keys even for previously known hosts. Users should
1571 follow the usual procedure for verifying host keys before
1572 accepting the RSA key.
1574 This can be circumvented by setting the "HostKeyAlgorithms"
1575 option to "ssh-dss,ssh-rsa" in ~/.ssh/config or on the ssh
1578 Please note that the sequence of keys offered for
1579 authentication has been changed as well. You may want to
1580 specify IdentityFile in a different order to revert this
1584 The sio(4) driver has been removed from the i386 and amd64
1585 kernel configuration files. This means uart(4) is now the
1586 default serial port driver on those platforms as well.
1588 To prevent collisions with the sio(4) driver, the uart(4) driver
1589 uses different names for its device nodes. This means the
1590 onboard serial port will now most likely be called "ttyu0"
1591 instead of "ttyd0". You may need to reconfigure applications to
1592 use the new device names.
1594 When using the serial port as a boot console, be sure to update
1595 /boot/device.hints and /etc/ttys before booting the new kernel.
1596 If you forget to do so, you can still manually specify the hints
1597 at the loader prompt:
1599 set hint.uart.0.at="isa"
1600 set hint.uart.0.port="0x3F8"
1601 set hint.uart.0.flags="0x10"
1602 set hint.uart.0.irq="4"
1606 The gpt(8) utility has been removed. Use gpart(8) to partition
1610 The version that Linuxulator emulates was changed from 2.4.2
1611 to 2.6.16. If you experience any problems with Linux binaries
1612 please try to set sysctl compat.linux.osrelease to 2.4.2 and
1613 if it fixes the problem contact emulation mailing list.
1616 ISDN4BSD (I4B) was removed from the src tree. You may need to
1617 update a your kernel configuration and remove relevant entries.
1620 I have checked in code to support multiple routing tables.
1621 See the man pages setfib(1) and setfib(2).
1622 This is a hopefully backwards compatible version,
1623 but to make use of it you need to compile your kernel
1624 with options ROUTETABLES=2 (or more up to 16).
1627 The 802.11 wireless support was redone to enable multi-bss
1628 operation on devices that are capable. The underlying device
1629 is no longer used directly but instead wlanX devices are
1630 cloned with ifconfig. This requires changes to rc.conf files.
1631 For example, change:
1632 ifconfig_ath0="WPA DHCP"
1635 ifconfig_wlan0="WPA DHCP"
1636 see rc.conf(5) for more details. In addition, mergemaster of
1637 /etc/rc.d is highly recommended. Simultaneous update of userland
1638 and kernel wouldn't hurt either.
1640 As part of the multi-bss changes the wlan_scan_ap and wlan_scan_sta
1641 modules were merged into the base wlan module. All references
1642 to these modules (e.g. in kernel config files) must be removed.
1645 psm(4) has gained write(2) support in native operation level.
1646 Arbitrary commands can be written to /dev/psm%d and status can
1647 be read back from it. Therefore, an application is responsible
1648 for status validation and error recovery. It is a no-op in
1649 other operation levels.
1652 Support for KSE threading has been removed from the kernel. To
1653 run legacy applications linked against KSE libmap.conf may
1654 be used. The following libmap.conf may be used to ensure
1655 compatibility with any prior release:
1657 libpthread.so.1 libthr.so.1
1658 libpthread.so.2 libthr.so.2
1659 libkse.so.3 libthr.so.3
1662 The layout of struct vmspace has changed. This affects libkvm
1663 and any executables that link against libkvm and use the
1664 kvm_getprocs() function. In particular, but not exclusively,
1665 it affects ps(1), fstat(1), pkill(1), systat(1), top(1) and w(1).
1666 The effects are minimal, but it's advisable to upgrade world
1670 The latest em driver no longer has support in it for the
1671 82575 adapter, this is now moved to the igb driver. The
1672 split was done to make new features that are incompatible
1673 with older hardware easier to do.
1676 The new geom_lvm(4) geom class has been renamed to geom_linux_lvm(4),
1677 likewise the kernel option is now GEOM_LINUX_LVM.
1680 The default NFS mount mode has changed from UDP to TCP for
1681 increased reliability. If you rely on (insecurely) NFS
1682 mounting across a firewall you may need to update your
1686 Belatedly note the addition of m_collapse for compacting
1690 The fts(3) structures have been changed to use adequate
1691 integer types for their members and so to be able to cope
1692 with huge file trees. The old fts(3) ABI is preserved
1693 through symbol versioning in libc, so third-party binaries
1694 using fts(3) should still work, although they will not take
1695 advantage of the extended types. At the same time, some
1696 third-party software might fail to build after this change
1697 due to unportable assumptions made in its source code about
1698 fts(3) structure members. Such software should be fixed
1699 by its vendor or, in the worst case, in the ports tree.
1700 FreeBSD_version 800015 marks this change for the unlikely
1701 case that a portable fix is impossible.
1704 To upgrade to -current after this date, you must be running
1705 FreeBSD not older than 6.0-RELEASE. Upgrading to -current
1706 from 5.x now requires a stop over at RELENG_6 or RELENG_7 systems.
1709 The ADAPTIVE_GIANT kernel option has been retired because its
1710 functionality is the default now.
1713 The AT keyboard emulation of sunkbd(4) has been turned on
1714 by default. In order to make the special symbols of the Sun
1715 keyboards driven by sunkbd(4) work under X these now have
1716 to be configured the same way as Sun USB keyboards driven
1717 by ukbd(4) (which also does AT keyboard emulation), f.e.:
1719 Option "XkbLayout" "us"
1720 Option "XkbRules" "xorg"
1721 Option "XkbSymbols" "pc(pc105)+sun_vndr/usb(sun_usb)+us"
1724 It has been decided that it is desirable to provide ABI
1725 backwards compatibility to the FreeBSD 4/5/6 versions of the
1726 PCIOCGETCONF, PCIOCREAD and PCIOCWRITE IOCTLs, which was
1727 broken with the introduction of PCI domain support (see the
1728 20070930 entry). Unfortunately, this required the ABI of
1729 PCIOCGETCONF to be broken again in order to be able to
1730 provide backwards compatibility to the old version of that
1731 IOCTL. Thus consumers of PCIOCGETCONF have to be recompiled
1732 again. As for prominent ports this affects neither pciutils
1733 nor xorg-server this time, the hal port needs to be rebuilt
1737 The misnamed kthread_create() and friends have been renamed
1738 to kproc_create() etc. Many of the callers already
1739 used kproc_start()..
1740 I will return kthread_create() and friends in a while
1741 with implementations that actually create threads, not procs.
1742 Renaming corresponds with version 800002.
1751 Avoid using make -j when upgrading. While generally safe, there are
1752 sometimes problems using -j to upgrade. If your upgrade fails with
1753 -j, please try again without -j. From time to time in the past there
1754 have been problems using -j with buildworld and/or installworld. This
1755 is especially true when upgrading between "distant" versions (eg one
1756 that cross a major release boundary or several minor releases, or when
1757 several months have passed on the -current branch).
1759 Sometimes, obscure build problems are the result of environment
1760 poisoning. This can happen because the make utility reads its
1761 environment when searching for values for global variables. To run
1762 your build attempts in an "environmental clean room", prefix all make
1763 commands with 'env -i '. See the env(1) manual page for more details.
1765 When upgrading from one major version to another it is generally best
1766 to upgrade to the latest code in the currently installed branch first,
1767 then do an upgrade to the new branch. This is the best-tested upgrade
1768 path, and has the highest probability of being successful. Please try
1769 this approach before reporting problems with a major version upgrade.
1773 When upgrading the boot ZFS pool to a new version, always follow
1776 1.) recompile and reinstall the ZFS boot loader and boot block
1777 (this is part of "make buildworld" and "make installworld")
1779 2.) update the ZFS boot block on your boot drive
1781 The following example updates the ZFS boot block on the first
1782 partition (freebsd-boot) of a GPT partitioned drive ad0:
1783 "gpart bootcode -p /boot/gptzfsboot -i 1 ad0"
1785 Non-boot pools do not need these updates.
1789 If you are updating from a prior version of FreeBSD (even one just
1790 a few days old), you should follow this procedure. It is the most
1791 failsafe as it uses a /usr/obj tree with a fresh mini-buildworld,
1793 make kernel-toolchain
1794 make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1795 make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1797 To test a kernel once
1798 ---------------------
1799 If you just want to boot a kernel once (because you are not sure
1800 if it works, or if you want to boot a known bad kernel to provide
1801 debugging information) run
1802 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE KODIR=/boot/testkernel
1803 nextboot -k testkernel
1805 To just build a kernel when you know that it won't mess you up
1806 --------------------------------------------------------------
1807 This assumes you are already running a CURRENT system. Replace
1808 ${arch} with the architecture of your machine (e.g. "i386",
1809 "arm", "amd64", "ia64", "pc98", "sparc64", "powerpc", "mips", etc).
1811 cd src/sys/${arch}/conf
1812 config KERNEL_NAME_HERE
1813 cd ../compile/KERNEL_NAME_HERE
1818 If this fails, go to the "To build a kernel" section.
1820 To rebuild everything and install it on the current system.
1821 -----------------------------------------------------------
1822 # Note: sometimes if you are running current you gotta do more than
1823 # is listed here if you are upgrading from a really old current.
1825 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
1827 make kernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1829 <reboot in single user> [3]
1837 To cross-install current onto a separate partition
1838 --------------------------------------------------
1839 # In this approach we use a separate partition to hold
1840 # current's root, 'usr', and 'var' directories. A partition
1841 # holding "/", "/usr" and "/var" should be about 2GB in
1844 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
1847 make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1848 <maybe newfs current's root partition>
1849 <mount current's root partition on directory ${CURRENT_ROOT}>
1850 make installworld DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT}
1851 make distribution DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} # if newfs'd
1852 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT}
1853 cp /etc/fstab ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab # if newfs'd
1854 <edit ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab to mount "/" from the correct partition>
1855 <reboot into current>
1856 <do a "native" rebuild/install as described in the previous section>
1857 <maybe install compatibility libraries from ports/misc/compat*>
1861 To upgrade in-place from stable to current
1862 ----------------------------------------------
1863 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
1865 make kernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE [8]
1867 <reboot in single user> [3]
1874 Make sure that you've read the UPDATING file to understand the
1875 tweaks to various things you need. At this point in the life
1876 cycle of current, things change often and you are on your own
1877 to cope. The defaults can also change, so please read ALL of
1878 the UPDATING entries.
1880 Also, if you are tracking -current, you must be subscribed to
1881 freebsd-current@freebsd.org. Make sure that before you update
1882 your sources that you have read and understood all the recent
1883 messages there. If in doubt, please track -stable which has
1884 much fewer pitfalls.
1886 [1] If you have third party modules, such as vmware, you
1887 should disable them at this point so they don't crash your
1890 [3] From the bootblocks, boot -s, and then do
1895 adjkerntz -i # if CMOS is wall time
1896 Also, when doing a major release upgrade, it is required that
1897 you boot into single user mode to do the installworld.
1899 [4] Note: This step is non-optional. Failure to do this step
1900 can result in a significant reduction in the functionality of the
1901 system. Attempting to do it by hand is not recommended and those
1902 that pursue this avenue should read this file carefully, as well
1903 as the archives of freebsd-current and freebsd-hackers mailing lists
1904 for potential gotchas. The -U option is also useful to consider.
1905 See mergemaster(8) for more information.
1907 [5] Usually this step is a noop. However, from time to time
1908 you may need to do this if you get unknown user in the following
1909 step. It never hurts to do it all the time. You may need to
1910 install a new mergemaster (cd src/usr.sbin/mergemaster && make
1911 install) after the buildworld before this step if you last updated
1912 from [78]-stable or 9-stable before 20130430.
1914 [6] This only deletes old files and directories. Old libraries
1915 can be deleted by "make delete-old-libs", but you have to make
1916 sure that no program is using those libraries anymore.
1918 [8] In order to have a kernel that can run the 4.x binaries needed to
1919 do an installworld, you must include the COMPAT_FREEBSD4 option in
1920 your kernel. Failure to do so may leave you with a system that is
1921 hard to boot to recover. A similar kernel option COMPAT_FREEBSD5 is
1922 required to run the 5.x binaries on more recent kernels. And so on
1923 for COMPAT_FREEBSD6 and COMPAT_FREEBSD7.
1925 Make sure that you merge any new devices from GENERIC since the
1926 last time you updated your kernel config file.
1928 [9] When checking out sources, you must include the -P flag to have
1929 cvs prune empty directories.
1931 If CPUTYPE is defined in your /etc/make.conf, make sure to use the
1932 "?=" instead of the "=" assignment operator, so that buildworld can
1933 override the CPUTYPE if it needs to.
1935 MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX must be defined in an environment variable, and
1936 not on the command line, or in /etc/make.conf. buildworld will
1937 warn if it is improperly defined.
1940 This file contains a list, in reverse chronological order, of major
1941 breakages in tracking -current. It is not guaranteed to be a complete
1942 list of such breakages, and only contains entries since October 10, 2007.
1943 If you need to see UPDATING entries from before that date, you will need
1944 to fetch an UPDATING file from an older FreeBSD release.
1946 Copyright information:
1948 Copyright 1998-2009 M. Warner Losh. All Rights Reserved.
1950 Redistribution, publication, translation and use, with or without
1951 modification, in full or in part, in any form or format of this
1952 document are permitted without further permission from the author.
1954 THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED BY WARNER LOSH ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
1955 IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
1956 WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
1957 DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL WARNER LOSH BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT,
1958 INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
1959 (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
1960 SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
1961 HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT,
1962 STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING
1963 IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
1964 POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
1966 Contact Warner Losh if you have any questions about your use of
projects / FreeBSD / releng / 9.3.git / blob