1 # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
2 # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
4 # also includes Central America and the Caribbean
6 # This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
7 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
8 # tz@iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see
9 # the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution.
11 # From Paul Eggert (1999-03-22):
12 # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
13 # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
15 ###############################################################################
19 # From Paul Eggert (1999-03-31):
20 # Howse writes (pp 121-125) that time zones were invented by
21 # Professor Charles Ferdinand Dowd (1825-1904),
22 # Principal of Temple Grove Ladies' Seminary (Saratoga Springs, NY).
23 # His pamphlet "A System of National Time for Railroads" (1870)
24 # was the result of his proposals at the Convention of Railroad Trunk Lines
25 # in New York City (1869-10). His 1870 proposal was based on Washington, DC,
26 # but in 1872-05 he moved the proposed origin to Greenwich.
27 # His proposal was adopted by the railroads on 1883-11-18 at 12:00,
28 # and the most of the country soon followed suit.
30 # From Paul Eggert (2005-04-16):
31 # That 1883 transition occurred at 12:00 new time, not at 12:00 old time.
32 # See p 46 of David Prerau, Seize the daylight, Thunder's Mouth Press (2005).
34 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
35 # A good source for time zone historical data in the US is
36 # Thomas G. Shanks, The American Atlas (5th edition),
37 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1991).
38 # Make sure you have the errata sheet; the book is somewhat useless without it.
39 # It is the source for most of the pre-1991 US entries below.
41 # From Paul Eggert (2001-03-06):
42 # Daylight Saving Time was first suggested as a joke by Benjamin Franklin
43 # in his whimsical essay "An Economical Project for Diminishing the Cost
44 # of Light" published in the Journal de Paris (1784-04-26).
45 # Not everyone is happy with the results:
47 # I don't really care how time is reckoned so long as there is some
48 # agreement about it, but I object to being told that I am saving
49 # daylight when my reason tells me that I am doing nothing of the kind.
50 # I even object to the implication that I am wasting something
51 # valuable if I stay in bed after the sun has risen. As an admirer
52 # of moonlight I resent the bossy insistence of those who want to
53 # reduce my time for enjoying it. At the back of the Daylight Saving
54 # scheme I detect the bony, blue-fingered hand of Puritanism, eager
55 # to push people into bed earlier, and get them up earlier, to make
56 # them healthy, wealthy and wise in spite of themselves.
58 # -- Robertson Davies, The diary of Samuel Marchbanks,
59 # Clarke, Irwin (1947), XIX, Sunday
61 # For more about the first ten years of DST in the United States, see
62 # Robert Garland, Ten years of daylight saving from the Pittsburgh standpoint
63 # (Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh, 1927).
64 # http://www.clpgh.org/exhibit/dst.html
66 # Shanks says that DST was called "War Time" in the US in 1918 and 1919.
67 # However, DST was imposed by the Standard Time Act of 1918, which
68 # was the first nationwide legal time standard, and apparently
69 # time was just called "Standard Time" or "Daylight Saving Time".
71 # From Arthur David Olson:
72 # US Daylight Saving Time ended on the last Sunday of *October* in 1974.
73 # See, for example, the front page of the Saturday, 1974-10-26
74 # and Sunday, 1974-10-27 editions of the Washington Post.
76 # From Arthur David Olson:
77 # Before the Uniform Time Act of 1966 took effect in 1967, observance of
78 # Daylight Saving Time in the US was by local option, except during wartime.
80 # From Arthur David Olson (2000-09-25):
81 # Last night I heard part of a rebroadcast of a 1945 Arch Oboler radio drama.
82 # In the introduction, Oboler spoke of "Eastern Peace Time."
83 # An AltaVista search turned up:
84 # http://rowayton.org/rhs/hstaug45.html
85 # "When the time is announced over the radio now, it is 'Eastern Peace
86 # Time' instead of the old familiar 'Eastern War Time.' Peace is wonderful."
87 # (August 1945) by way of confirmation.
89 # From Joseph Gallant citing
90 # George H. Douglas, _The Early Days of Radio Broadcasting_ (1987):
91 # At 7 P.M. (Eastern War Time) [on 1945-08-14], the networks were set
92 # to switch to London for Attlee's address, but the American people
93 # never got to hear his speech live. According to one press account,
94 # CBS' Bob Trout was first to announce the word of Japan's surrender,
95 # but a few seconds later, NBC, ABC and Mutual also flashed the word
96 # of surrender, all of whom interrupting the bells of Big Ben in
97 # London which were to precede Mr. Attlee's speech.
99 # From Paul Eggert (2003-02-09): It was Robert St John, not Bob Trout. From
100 # Myrna Oliver's obituary of St John on page B16 of today's Los Angeles Times:
102 # ... a war-weary U.S. clung to radios, awaiting word of Japan's surrender.
103 # Any announcement from Asia would reach St. John's New York newsroom on a
104 # wire service teletype machine, which had prescribed signals for major news.
105 # Associated Press, for example, would ring five bells before spewing out
106 # typed copy of an important story, and 10 bells for news "of transcendental
109 # On Aug. 14, stalling while talking steadily into the NBC networks' open
110 # microphone, St. John heard five bells and waited only to hear a sixth bell,
111 # before announcing confidently: "Ladies and gentlemen, World War II is over.
112 # The Japanese have agreed to our surrender terms."
114 # He had scored a 20-second scoop on other broadcasters.
116 # From Arthur David Olson (2005-08-22):
117 # Paul has been careful to use the "US" rules only in those locations
118 # that are part of the United States; this reflects the real scope of
119 # U.S. government action. So even though the "US" rules have changed
120 # in the latest release, other countries won't be affected.
122 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
123 Rule US 1918 1919 - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
124 Rule US 1918 1919 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
125 Rule US 1942 only - Feb 9 2:00 1:00 W # War
126 Rule US 1945 only - Aug 14 23:00u 1:00 P # Peace
127 Rule US 1945 only - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
128 Rule US 1967 2006 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
129 Rule US 1967 1973 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
130 Rule US 1974 only - Jan 6 2:00 1:00 D
131 Rule US 1975 only - Feb 23 2:00 1:00 D
132 Rule US 1976 1986 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
133 Rule US 1987 2006 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
134 Rule US 2007 max - Mar Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 D
135 Rule US 2007 max - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 0 S
137 # From Arthur David Olson, 2005-12-19
138 # We generate the files specified below to guard against old files with
139 # obsolete information being left in the time zone binary directory.
140 # We limit the list to names that have appeared in previous versions of
141 # this time zone package.
142 # We do these as separate Zones rather than as Links to avoid problems if
143 # a particular place changes whether it observes DST.
144 # We put these specifications here in the northamerica file both to
145 # increase the chances that they'll actually get compiled and to
146 # avoid the need to duplicate the US rules in another file.
148 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
151 Zone HST -10:00 - HST
152 Zone EST5EDT -5:00 US E%sT
153 Zone CST6CDT -6:00 US C%sT
154 Zone MST7MDT -7:00 US M%sT
155 Zone PST8PDT -8:00 US P%sT
157 # From Bob Devine (1988-01-28):
158 # ...Alaska (and Hawaii) had the timezone names changed in 1967.
160 # Pacific Standard Time(PST) -same-
161 # Yukon Standard Time(YST) -same-
162 # Central Alaska S.T. (CAT) Alaska-Hawaii St[an]dard Time (AHST)
163 # Nome Standard Time (NT) Bering Standard Time (BST)
165 # ...Alaska's timezone lines were redrawn in 1983 to give only 2 tz.
166 # The YST zone now covers nearly all of the state, AHST just part
167 # of the Aleutian islands. No DST.
169 # From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19):
170 # The tables below use 'NST', not 'NT', for Nome Standard Time.
171 # I invented 'CAWT' for Central Alaska War Time.
173 # From U. S. Naval Observatory (1989-01-19):
174 # USA EASTERN 5 H BEHIND UTC NEW YORK, WASHINGTON
175 # USA EASTERN 4 H BEHIND UTC APR 3 - OCT 30
176 # USA CENTRAL 6 H BEHIND UTC CHICAGO, HOUSTON
177 # USA CENTRAL 5 H BEHIND UTC APR 3 - OCT 30
178 # USA MOUNTAIN 7 H BEHIND UTC DENVER
179 # USA MOUNTAIN 6 H BEHIND UTC APR 3 - OCT 30
180 # USA PACIFIC 8 H BEHIND UTC L.A., SAN FRANCISCO
181 # USA PACIFIC 7 H BEHIND UTC APR 3 - OCT 30
182 # USA ALASKA STD 9 H BEHIND UTC MOST OF ALASKA (AKST)
183 # USA ALASKA STD 8 H BEHIND UTC APR 3 - OCT 30 (AKDT)
184 # USA ALEUTIAN 10 H BEHIND UTC ISLANDS WEST OF 170W
185 # USA " 9 H BEHIND UTC APR 3 - OCT 30
186 # USA HAWAII 10 H BEHIND UTC
187 # USA BERING 11 H BEHIND UTC SAMOA, MIDWAY
189 # From Arthur David Olson (1989-01-21):
190 # The above dates are for 1988.
191 # Note the "AKST" and "AKDT" abbreviations, the claim that there's
192 # no DST in Samoa, and the claim that there is DST in Alaska and the
195 # From Arthur David Olson (1988-02-13):
196 # Legal standard time zone names, from United States Code (1982 Edition and
197 # Supplement III), Title 15, Chapter 6, Section 260 and forward. First, names
198 # up to 1967-04-01 (when most provisions of the Uniform Time Act of 1966
199 # took effect), as explained in sections 263 and 261:
201 # United States standard eastern time
202 # United States standard mountain time
203 # United States standard central time
204 # United States standard Pacific time
206 # United States standard Alaska time
208 # Next, names from 1967-04-01 until 1983-11-30 (the date for
209 # public law 98-181):
210 # Atlantic standard time
211 # eastern standard time
212 # central standard time
213 # mountain standard time
214 # Pacific standard time
215 # Yukon standard time
216 # Alaska-Hawaii standard time
217 # Bering standard time
218 # And after 1983-11-30:
219 # Atlantic standard time
220 # eastern standard time
221 # central standard time
222 # mountain standard time
223 # Pacific standard time
224 # Alaska standard time
225 # Hawaii-Aleutian standard time
226 # Samoa standard time
227 # The law doesn't give abbreviations.
229 # From Paul Eggert (2000-01-08), following a heads-up from Rives McDow:
230 # Public law 106-564 (2000-12-23) introduced ... "Chamorro Standard Time"
231 # for time in Guam and the Northern Marianas. See the file "australasia".
233 # From Paul Eggert (2015-04-17):
234 # HST and HDT are standardized abbreviations for Hawaii-Aleutian
235 # standard and daylight times. See section 9.47 (p 234) of the
236 # U.S. Government Printing Office Style Manual (2008)
237 # http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/GPO-STYLEMANUAL-2008/pdf/GPO-STYLEMANUAL-2008.pdf
239 # From Arthur David Olson, 2005-08-09
240 # The following was signed into law on 2005-08-08.
242 # H.R. 6, Energy Policy Act of 2005, SEC. 110. DAYLIGHT SAVINGS.
243 # (a) Amendment.--Section 3(a) of the Uniform Time Act of 1966 (15
244 # U.S.C. 260a(a)) is amended--
245 # (1) by striking "first Sunday of April" and inserting "second
246 # Sunday of March"; and
247 # (2) by striking "last Sunday of October" and inserting "first
248 # Sunday of November'.
249 # (b) Effective Date.--Subsection (a) shall take effect 1 year after the
250 # date of enactment of this Act or March 1, 2007, whichever is later.
251 # (c) Report to Congress.--Not later than 9 months after the effective
252 # date stated in subsection (b), the Secretary shall report to Congress
253 # on the impact of this section on energy consumption in the United
255 # (d) Right to Revert.--Congress retains the right to revert the
256 # Daylight Saving Time back to the 2005 time schedules once the
257 # Department study is complete.
259 # US eastern time, represented by New York
261 # Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia, most of Florida,
262 # Georgia, southeast Indiana (Dearborn and Ohio counties), eastern Kentucky
263 # (except America/Kentucky/Louisville below), Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts,
264 # New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Ohio,
265 # Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, eastern Tennessee,
266 # Vermont, Virginia, West Virginia
268 # From Dave Cantor (2004-11-02):
269 # Early this summer I had the occasion to visit the Mount Washington
270 # Observatory weather station atop (of course!) Mount Washington [, NH]....
271 # One of the staff members said that the station was on Eastern Standard Time
272 # and didn't change their clocks for Daylight Saving ... so that their
273 # reports will always have times which are 5 hours behind UTC.
275 # From Paul Eggert (2005-08-26):
276 # According to today's Huntsville Times
277 # http://www.al.com/news/huntsvilletimes/index.ssf?/base/news/1125047783228320.xml&coll=1
278 # a few towns on Alabama's "eastern border with Georgia, such as Phenix City
279 # in Russell County, Lanett in Chambers County and some towns in Lee County,
280 # set their watches and clocks on Eastern time." It quotes H.H. "Bubba"
281 # Roberts, city administrator in Phenix City. as saying "We are in the Central
282 # time zone, but we do go by the Eastern time zone because so many people work
285 # From Paul Eggert (2014-09-06):
286 # Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 44, 4 (1884-02-08), 208
287 # says that New York City Hall time was 3 minutes 58.4 seconds fast of
288 # Eastern time (i.e., -4:56:01.6) just before the 1883 switch. Round to the
291 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER
292 Rule NYC 1920 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
293 Rule NYC 1920 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
294 Rule NYC 1921 1966 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
295 Rule NYC 1921 1954 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
296 Rule NYC 1955 1966 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
297 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
298 Zone America/New_York -4:56:02 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:03:58
305 # US central time, represented by Chicago
307 # Alabama, Arkansas, Florida panhandle (Bay, Calhoun, Escambia,
308 # Gulf, Holmes, Jackson, Okaloosa, Santa Rosa, Walton, and
309 # Washington counties), Illinois, western Indiana
310 # (Gibson, Jasper, Lake, LaPorte, Newton, Porter, Posey, Spencer,
311 # Vanderburgh, and Warrick counties), Iowa, most of Kansas, western
312 # Kentucky, Louisiana, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, eastern
313 # Nebraska, eastern North Dakota, Oklahoma, eastern South Dakota,
314 # western Tennessee, most of Texas, Wisconsin
316 # From Larry M. Smith (2006-04-26) re Wisconsin:
317 # http://www.legis.state.wi.us/statutes/Stat0175.pdf ...
318 # is currently enforced at the 01:00 time of change. Because the local
319 # "bar time" in the state corresponds to 02:00, a number of citations
320 # are issued for the "sale of class 'B' alcohol after prohibited
321 # hours" within the deviated hour of this change every year....
323 # From Douglas R. Bomberg (2007-03-12):
324 # Wisconsin has enacted (nearly eleventh-hour) legislation to get WI
325 # Statue 175 closer in synch with the US Congress' intent....
326 # http://www.legis.state.wi.us/2007/data/acts/07Act3.pdf
328 # From an email administrator of the City of Fort Pierre, SD (2015-12-21):
329 # Fort Pierre is technically located in the Mountain time zone as is
330 # the rest of Stanley County. Most of Stanley County and Fort Pierre
331 # uses the Central time zone due to doing most of their business in
332 # Pierre so it simplifies schedules. I have lived in Stanley County
333 # all my life and it has been that way since I can remember. (43 years!)
335 # From Paul Eggert (2015-12-25):
336 # Assume this practice predates 1970, so Fort Pierre can use America/Chicago.
338 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER
339 Rule Chicago 1920 only - Jun 13 2:00 1:00 D
340 Rule Chicago 1920 1921 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
341 Rule Chicago 1921 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
342 Rule Chicago 1922 1966 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
343 Rule Chicago 1922 1954 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
344 Rule Chicago 1955 1966 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
345 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
346 Zone America/Chicago -5:50:36 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:09:24
348 -6:00 Chicago C%sT 1936 Mar 1 2:00
349 -5:00 - EST 1936 Nov 15 2:00
350 -6:00 Chicago C%sT 1942
352 -6:00 Chicago C%sT 1967
354 # Oliver County, ND switched from mountain to central time on 1992-10-25.
355 Zone America/North_Dakota/Center -6:45:12 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:14:48
356 -7:00 US M%sT 1992 Oct 25 2:00
358 # Morton County, ND, switched from mountain to central time on
359 # 2003-10-26, except for the area around Mandan which was already central time.
360 # See <http://dmses.dot.gov/docimages/p63/135818.pdf>.
361 # Officially this switch also included part of Sioux County, and
362 # Jones, Mellette, and Todd Counties in South Dakota;
363 # but in practice these other counties were already observing central time.
364 # See <http://www.epa.gov/fedrgstr/EPA-IMPACT/2003/October/Day-28/i27056.htm>.
365 Zone America/North_Dakota/New_Salem -6:45:39 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:14:21
366 -7:00 US M%sT 2003 Oct 26 2:00
369 # From Josh Findley (2011-01-21):
370 # ...it appears that Mercer County, North Dakota, changed from the
371 # mountain time zone to the central time zone at the last transition from
372 # daylight-saving to standard time (on Nov. 7, 2010):
373 # http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2010-09-29/html/2010-24376.htm
374 # http://www.bismarcktribune.com/news/local/article_1eb1b588-c758-11df-b472-001cc4c03286.html
376 # From Andy Lipscomb (2011-01-24):
377 # ...according to the Census Bureau, the largest city is Beulah (although
378 # it's commonly referred to as Beulah-Hazen, with Hazen being the next
379 # largest city in Mercer County). Google Maps places Beulah's city hall
380 # at 47 degrees 15' 51" N, 101 degrees 46' 40" W, which yields an offset
383 Zone America/North_Dakota/Beulah -6:47:07 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:12:53
384 -7:00 US M%sT 2010 Nov 7 2:00
387 # US mountain time, represented by Denver
389 # Colorado, far western Kansas, Montana, western
390 # Nebraska, Nevada border (Jackpot, Owyhee, and Mountain City),
391 # New Mexico, southwestern North Dakota,
392 # western South Dakota, far western Texas (El Paso County, Hudspeth County,
393 # and Pine Springs and Nickel Creek in Culberson County), Utah, Wyoming
395 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER
396 Rule Denver 1920 1921 - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
397 Rule Denver 1920 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
398 Rule Denver 1921 only - May 22 2:00 0 S
399 Rule Denver 1965 1966 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
400 Rule Denver 1965 1966 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
401 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
402 Zone America/Denver -6:59:56 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:00:04
404 -7:00 Denver M%sT 1942
406 -7:00 Denver M%sT 1967
409 # US Pacific time, represented by Los Angeles
411 # California, northern Idaho (Benewah, Bonner, Boundary, Clearwater,
412 # Kootenai, Latah, Lewis, Nez Perce, and Shoshone counties, Idaho county
413 # north of the Salmon River, and the towns of Burgdorf and Warren),
414 # Nevada (except West Wendover), Oregon (except the northern 3/4 of
415 # Malheur county), and Washington
417 # From Paul Eggert (2016-08-20):
418 # In early February 1948, in response to California's electricity shortage,
419 # PG&E changed power frequency from 60 to 59.5 Hz during daylight hours,
420 # causing electric clocks to lose six minutes per day. (This did not change
421 # legal time, and is not part of the data here.) See:
422 # Ross SA. An energy crisis from the past: Northern California in 1948.
423 # Working Paper No. 8, Institute of Governmental Studies, UC Berkeley,
424 # 1973-11. http://escholarship.org/uc/item/8x22k30c
426 # In another measure to save electricity, DST was instituted from 1948-03-14
427 # at 02:01 to 1949-01-16 at 02:00, with the governor having the option to move
428 # the fallback transition earlier. See pages 3-4 of:
429 # http://clerk.assembly.ca.gov/sites/clerk.assembly.ca.gov/files/archive/Statutes/1948/48Vol1_Chapters.pdf
433 # Governor Warren received a torrent of objecting mail, and it is not too much
434 # to speculate that the objections to Daylight Saving Time were one important
435 # factor in the defeat of the Dewey-Warren Presidential ticket in California.
438 # On December 8 the governor exercised the option, setting the date to January 1
439 # (LA Times 1948-12-09). The transition time was 02:00 (LA Times 1949-01-01).
441 # Despite the controversy, in 1949 California voters approved Proposition 12,
442 # which established DST from April's last Sunday at 01:00 until September's
443 # last Sunday at 02:00. This was amended by 1962's Proposition 6, which changed
444 # the fall-back date to October's last Sunday. See:
445 # http://repository.uchastings.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1501&context=ca_ballot_props
446 # http://repository.uchastings.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1636&context=ca_ballot_props
448 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER
449 Rule CA 1948 only - Mar 14 2:01 1:00 D
450 Rule CA 1949 only - Jan 1 2:00 0 S
451 Rule CA 1950 1966 - Apr lastSun 1:00 1:00 D
452 Rule CA 1950 1961 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
453 Rule CA 1962 1966 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
454 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
455 Zone America/Los_Angeles -7:52:58 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:07:02
461 # AK%sT is the modern abbreviation for -9:00 per USNO.
463 # From Paul Eggert (2001-05-30):
464 # Howse writes that Alaska switched from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar,
465 # and from east-of-GMT to west-of-GMT days, when the US bought it from Russia.
466 # This was on 1867-10-18, a Friday; the previous day was 1867-10-06 Julian,
467 # also a Friday. Include only the time zone part of this transition,
468 # ignoring the switch from Julian to Gregorian, since we can't represent
469 # the Julian calendar.
471 # As far as we know, none of the exact locations mentioned below were
472 # permanently inhabited in 1867 by anyone using either calendar.
473 # (Yakutat was colonized by the Russians in 1799, but the settlement
474 # was destroyed in 1805 by a Yakutat-kon war party.) However, there
475 # were nearby inhabitants in some cases and for our purposes perhaps
476 # it's best to simply use the official transition.
478 # From Paul Eggert (2014-07-18):
479 # One opinion of the early-1980s turmoil in Alaska over time zones and
480 # daylight saving time appeared as graffiti on a Juneau airport wall:
481 # "Welcome to Juneau. Please turn your watch back to the 19th century."
482 # See: Turner W. Alaska's four time zones now two. NY Times 1983-11-01.
483 # http://www.nytimes.com/1983/11/01/us/alaska-s-four-time-zones-now-two.html
485 # Steve Ferguson (2011-01-31) referred to the following source:
486 # Norris F. Keeping time in Alaska: national directives, local response.
487 # Alaska History 2001;16(1-2).
488 # http://alaskahistoricalsociety.org/discover-alaska/glimpses-of-the-past/keeping-time-in-alaska/
490 # From Arthur David Olson (2011-02-01):
491 # Here's database-relevant material from the 2001 "Alaska History" article:
493 # On September 20 [1979]...DOT...officials decreed that on April 27,
494 # 1980, Juneau and other nearby communities would move to Yukon Time.
495 # Sitka, Petersburg, Wrangell, and Ketchikan, however, would remain on
498 # ...on September 22, 1980, DOT Secretary Neil E. Goldschmidt rescinded the
499 # Department's September 1979 decision. Juneau and other communities in
500 # northern Southeast reverted to Pacific Time on October 26.
502 # On October 28 [1983]...the Metlakatla Indian Community Council voted
503 # unanimously to keep the reservation on Pacific Time.
505 # According to DOT official Joanne Petrie, Indian reservations are not
506 # bound to follow time zones imposed by neighboring jurisdictions.
508 # (The last is consistent with how the database now handles the Navajo
511 # From Arthur David Olson (2011-02-09):
512 # I just spoke by phone with a staff member at the Metlakatla Indian
513 # Community office (using contact information available at
514 # http://www.commerce.state.ak.us/dca/commdb/CIS.cfm?Comm_Boro_name=Metlakatla
515 # It's shortly after 1:00 here on the east coast of the United States;
516 # the staffer said it was shortly after 10:00 there. When I asked whether
517 # that meant they were on Pacific time, they said no - they were on their
518 # own time. I asked about daylight saving; they said it wasn't used. I
519 # did not inquire about practices in the past.
521 # From Arthur David Olson (2011-08-17):
522 # For lack of better information, assume that Metlakatla's
523 # abandonment of use of daylight saving resulted from the 1983 vote.
525 # From Steffen Thorsen (2015-11-09):
526 # It seems Metlakatla did go off PST on Sunday, November 1, changing
527 # their time to AKST and are going to follow Alaska's DST, switching
528 # between AKST and AKDT from now on....
529 # http://www.krbd.org/2015/10/30/annette-island-times-they-are-a-changing/
531 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
532 Zone America/Juneau 15:02:19 - LMT 1867 Oct 18
533 -8:57:41 - LMT 1900 Aug 20 12:00
537 -8:00 US P%sT 1980 Apr 27 2:00
538 -9:00 US Y%sT 1980 Oct 26 2:00
539 -8:00 US P%sT 1983 Oct 30 2:00
540 -9:00 US Y%sT 1983 Nov 30
542 Zone America/Sitka 14:58:47 - LMT 1867 Oct 18
543 -9:01:13 - LMT 1900 Aug 20 12:00
547 -8:00 US P%sT 1983 Oct 30 2:00
548 -9:00 US Y%sT 1983 Nov 30
550 Zone America/Metlakatla 15:13:42 - LMT 1867 Oct 18
551 -8:46:18 - LMT 1900 Aug 20 12:00
555 -8:00 US P%sT 1983 Oct 30 2:00
556 -8:00 - PST 2015 Nov 1 2:00
558 Zone America/Yakutat 14:41:05 - LMT 1867 Oct 18
559 -9:18:55 - LMT 1900 Aug 20 12:00
563 -9:00 US Y%sT 1983 Nov 30
565 Zone America/Anchorage 14:00:24 - LMT 1867 Oct 18
566 -9:59:36 - LMT 1900 Aug 20 12:00
568 -10:00 US CAT/CAWT 1945 Aug 14 23:00u
569 -10:00 US CAT/CAPT 1946 # Peace
570 -10:00 - CAT 1967 Apr
572 -10:00 US AH%sT 1983 Oct 30 2:00
573 -9:00 US Y%sT 1983 Nov 30
575 Zone America/Nome 12:58:21 - LMT 1867 Oct 18
576 -11:01:38 - LMT 1900 Aug 20 12:00
579 -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr
581 -11:00 US B%sT 1983 Oct 30 2:00
582 -9:00 US Y%sT 1983 Nov 30
584 Zone America/Adak 12:13:21 - LMT 1867 Oct 18
585 -11:46:38 - LMT 1900 Aug 20 12:00
588 -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr
590 -11:00 US B%sT 1983 Oct 30 2:00
591 -10:00 US AH%sT 1983 Nov 30
593 # The following switches don't quite make our 1970 cutoff.
595 # Shanks writes that part of southwest Alaska (e.g. Aniak)
596 # switched from -11:00 to -10:00 on 1968-09-22 at 02:00,
597 # and another part (e.g. Akiak) made the same switch five weeks later.
599 # From David Flater (2004-11-09):
600 # In e-mail, 2004-11-02, Ray Hudson, historian/liaison to the Unalaska
601 # Historic Preservation Commission, provided this information, which
602 # suggests that Unalaska deviated from statutory time from early 1967
603 # possibly until 1983:
605 # Minutes of the Unalaska City Council Meeting, January 10, 1967:
606 # "Except for St. Paul and Akutan, Unalaska is the only important
607 # location not on Alaska Standard Time. The following resolution was
608 # made by William Robinson and seconded by Henry Swanson: Be it
609 # resolved that the City of Unalaska hereby goes to Alaska Standard
610 # Time as of midnight Friday, January 13, 1967 (1 A.M. Saturday,
611 # January 14, Alaska Standard Time.) This resolution was passed with
612 # three votes for and one against."
616 # From Arthur David Olson (2010-12-09):
617 # "Hawaiian Time" by Robert C. Schmitt and Doak C. Cox appears on pages 207-225
618 # of volume 26 of The Hawaiian Journal of History (1992). As of 2010-12-09,
619 # the article is available at
620 # http://evols.library.manoa.hawaii.edu/bitstream/10524/239/2/JL26215.pdf
621 # and indicates that standard time was adopted effective noon, January
622 # 13, 1896 (page 218), that in "1933, the Legislature decreed daylight
623 # saving for the period between the last Sunday of each April and the
624 # last Sunday of each September, but less than a month later repealed the
625 # act," (page 220), that year-round daylight saving time was in effect
626 # from 1942-02-09 to 1945-09-30 (page 221, with no time of day given for
627 # when clocks changed) and that clocks were changed by 30 minutes
628 # effective the second Sunday of June, 1947 (page 219, with no time of
629 # day given for when clocks changed). A footnote for the 1933 changes
630 # cites Session Laws of Hawaii 1933, "Act. 90 (approved 26 Apr. 1933)
631 # and Act 163 (approved 21 May 1933)."
633 # From Arthur David Olson (2011-01-19):
634 # The following is from "Laws of the Territory of Hawaii Passed by the
635 # Seventeenth Legislature: Regular Session 1933," available (as of
636 # 2011-01-19) at American University's Pence Law Library. Page 85: "Act
637 # 90...At 2 o'clock ante meridian of the last Sunday in April of each
638 # year, the standard time of this Territory shall be advanced one
639 # hour...This Act shall take effect upon its approval. Approved this 26th
640 # day of April, A. D. 1933. LAWRENCE M JUDD, Governor of the Territory of
641 # Hawaii." Page 172: "Act 163...Act 90 of the Session Laws of 1933 is
642 # hereby repealed...This Act shall take effect upon its approval, upon
643 # which date the standard time of this Territory shall be restored to
644 # that existing immediately prior to the taking effect of said Act 90.
645 # Approved this 21st day of May, A. D. 1933. LAWRENCE M. JUDD, Governor
646 # of the Territory of Hawaii."
648 # Note that 1933-05-21 was a Sunday.
649 # We're left to guess the time of day when Act 163 was approved; guess noon.
651 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
652 Zone Pacific/Honolulu -10:31:26 - LMT 1896 Jan 13 12:00
653 -10:30 - HST 1933 Apr 30 2:00
654 -10:30 1:00 HDT 1933 May 21 12:00
655 -10:30 - HST 1942 Feb 9 2:00
656 -10:30 1:00 HDT 1945 Sep 30 2:00
657 -10:30 - HST 1947 Jun 8 2:00
659 Link Pacific/Honolulu Pacific/Johnston
661 # Now we turn to US areas that have diverged from the consensus since 1970.
663 # Arizona mostly uses MST.
665 # From Paul Eggert (2002-10-20):
667 # The information in the rest of this paragraph is derived from the
668 # Daylight Saving Time web page
669 # <http://www.dlapr.lib.az.us/links/daylight.htm> (2002-01-23)
670 # maintained by the Arizona State Library, Archives and Public Records.
671 # Between 1944-01-01 and 1944-04-01 the State of Arizona used standard
672 # time, but by federal law railroads, airlines, bus lines, military
673 # personnel, and some engaged in interstate commerce continued to
674 # observe war (i.e., daylight saving) time. The 1944-03-17 Phoenix
675 # Gazette says that was the date the law changed, and that 04-01 was
676 # the date the state's clocks would change. In 1945 the State of
677 # Arizona used standard time all year, again with exceptions only as
678 # mandated by federal law. Arizona observed DST in 1967, but Arizona
679 # Laws 1968, ch. 183 (effective 1968-03-21) repealed DST.
681 # Shanks says the 1944 experiment came to an end on 1944-03-17.
682 # Go with the Arizona State Library instead.
684 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
685 Zone America/Phoenix -7:28:18 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 11:31:42
686 -7:00 US M%sT 1944 Jan 1 0:01
687 -7:00 - MST 1944 Apr 1 0:01
688 -7:00 US M%sT 1944 Oct 1 0:01
690 -7:00 US M%sT 1968 Mar 21
692 # From Arthur David Olson (1988-02-13):
693 # A writer from the Inter Tribal Council of Arizona, Inc.,
694 # notes in private correspondence dated 1987-12-28 that "Presently, only the
695 # Navajo Nation participates in the Daylight Saving Time policy, due to its
696 # large size and location in three states." (The "only" means that other
697 # tribal nations don't use DST.)
699 # From Paul Eggert (2013-08-26):
700 # See America/Denver for a zone appropriate for the Navajo Nation.
702 # Southern Idaho (Ada, Adams, Bannock, Bear Lake, Bingham, Blaine,
703 # Boise, Bonneville, Butte, Camas, Canyon, Caribou, Cassia, Clark,
704 # Custer, Elmore, Franklin, Fremont, Gem, Gooding, Jefferson, Jerome,
705 # Lemhi, Lincoln, Madison, Minidoka, Oneida, Owyhee, Payette, Power,
706 # Teton, Twin Falls, Valley, Washington counties, and the southern
707 # quarter of Idaho county) and eastern Oregon (most of Malheur County)
708 # switched four weeks late in 1974.
710 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
711 Zone America/Boise -7:44:49 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:15:11
712 -8:00 US P%sT 1923 May 13 2:00
714 -7:00 - MST 1974 Feb 3 2:00
719 # For a map of Indiana's time zone regions, see:
720 # http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_in_Indiana
722 # From Paul Eggert (2007-08-17):
723 # Since 1970, most of Indiana has been like America/Indiana/Indianapolis,
724 # with the following exceptions:
726 # - Gibson, Jasper, Lake, LaPorte, Newton, Porter, Posey, Spencer,
727 # Vanderburgh, and Warrick counties have been like America/Chicago.
729 # - Dearborn and Ohio counties have been like America/New_York.
731 # - Clark, Floyd, and Harrison counties have been like
732 # America/Kentucky/Louisville.
734 # - Crawford, Daviess, Dubois, Knox, Martin, Perry, Pike, Pulaski, Starke,
735 # and Switzerland counties have their own time zone histories as noted below.
737 # Shanks partitioned Indiana into 345 regions, each with its own time history,
738 # and wrote "Even newspaper reports present contradictory information."
739 # Those Hoosiers! Such a flighty and changeable people!
740 # Fortunately, most of the complexity occurred before our cutoff date of 1970.
742 # Other than Indianapolis, the Indiana place names are so nondescript
743 # that they would be ambiguous if we left them at the 'America' level.
744 # So we reluctantly put them all in a subdirectory 'America/Indiana'.
746 # From Paul Eggert (2014-06-26):
747 # https://www.federalregister.gov/articles/2006/01/20/06-563/standard-time-zone-boundary-in-the-state-of-indiana
748 # says "DOT is relocating the time zone boundary in Indiana to move Starke,
749 # Pulaski, Knox, Daviess, Martin, Pike, Dubois, and Perry Counties from the
750 # Eastern Time Zone to the Central Time Zone.... The effective date of
751 # this rule is 2 a.m. EST Sunday, April 2, 2006, which is the
752 # changeover date from standard time to Daylight Saving Time."
753 # Strictly speaking, this meant the affected counties changed their
754 # clocks twice that night, but this obviously was in error. The intent
755 # was that 01:59:59 EST be followed by 02:00:00 CDT.
757 # From Gwillim Law (2007-02-10):
758 # The Associated Press has been reporting that Pulaski County, Indiana is
759 # going to switch from Central to Eastern Time on March 11, 2007....
760 # http://www.indystar.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20070207/LOCAL190108/702070524/0/LOCAL
762 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER
763 Rule Indianapolis 1941 only - Jun 22 2:00 1:00 D
764 Rule Indianapolis 1941 1954 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
765 Rule Indianapolis 1946 1954 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
766 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
767 Zone America/Indiana/Indianapolis -5:44:38 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:15:22
769 -6:00 Indianapolis C%sT 1942
771 -6:00 Indianapolis C%sT 1955 Apr 24 2:00
772 -5:00 - EST 1957 Sep 29 2:00
773 -6:00 - CST 1958 Apr 27 2:00
779 # Eastern Crawford County, Indiana, left its clocks alone in 1974,
780 # as well as from 1976 through 2005.
781 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER
782 Rule Marengo 1951 only - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
783 Rule Marengo 1951 only - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
784 Rule Marengo 1954 1960 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
785 Rule Marengo 1954 1960 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
786 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
787 Zone America/Indiana/Marengo -5:45:23 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:14:37
789 -6:00 Marengo C%sT 1961 Apr 30 2:00
791 -5:00 US E%sT 1974 Jan 6 2:00
792 -6:00 1:00 CDT 1974 Oct 27 2:00
797 # Daviess, Dubois, Knox, and Martin Counties, Indiana,
798 # switched from eastern to central time in April 2006, then switched back
800 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER
801 Rule Vincennes 1946 only - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
802 Rule Vincennes 1946 only - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
803 Rule Vincennes 1953 1954 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
804 Rule Vincennes 1953 1959 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
805 Rule Vincennes 1955 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
806 Rule Vincennes 1956 1963 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
807 Rule Vincennes 1960 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
808 Rule Vincennes 1961 only - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
809 Rule Vincennes 1962 1963 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
810 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
811 Zone America/Indiana/Vincennes -5:50:07 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:09:53
813 -6:00 Vincennes C%sT 1964 Apr 26 2:00
816 -5:00 - EST 2006 Apr 2 2:00
817 -6:00 US C%sT 2007 Nov 4 2:00
820 # Perry County, Indiana, switched from eastern to central time in April 2006.
821 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER
822 Rule Perry 1946 only - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
823 Rule Perry 1946 only - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
824 Rule Perry 1953 1954 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
825 Rule Perry 1953 1959 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
826 Rule Perry 1955 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
827 Rule Perry 1956 1963 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
828 Rule Perry 1960 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
829 Rule Perry 1961 only - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
830 Rule Perry 1962 1963 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
831 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
832 Zone America/Indiana/Tell_City -5:47:03 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:12:57
834 -6:00 Perry C%sT 1964 Apr 26 2:00
837 -5:00 - EST 2006 Apr 2 2:00
840 # Pike County, Indiana moved from central to eastern time in 1977,
841 # then switched back in 2006, then switched back again in 2007.
842 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER
843 Rule Pike 1955 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
844 Rule Pike 1955 1960 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
845 Rule Pike 1956 1964 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
846 Rule Pike 1961 1964 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
847 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
848 Zone America/Indiana/Petersburg -5:49:07 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:10:53
850 -6:00 Pike C%sT 1965 Apr 25 2:00
851 -5:00 - EST 1966 Oct 30 2:00
852 -6:00 US C%sT 1977 Oct 30 2:00
853 -5:00 - EST 2006 Apr 2 2:00
854 -6:00 US C%sT 2007 Nov 4 2:00
857 # Starke County, Indiana moved from central to eastern time in 1991,
858 # then switched back in 2006.
859 # From Arthur David Olson (1991-10-28):
860 # An article on page A3 of the Sunday, 1991-10-27 Washington Post
861 # notes that Starke County switched from Central time to Eastern time as of
863 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER
864 Rule Starke 1947 1961 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
865 Rule Starke 1947 1954 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
866 Rule Starke 1955 1956 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
867 Rule Starke 1957 1958 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
868 Rule Starke 1959 1961 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
869 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
870 Zone America/Indiana/Knox -5:46:30 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:13:30
872 -6:00 Starke C%sT 1962 Apr 29 2:00
873 -5:00 - EST 1963 Oct 27 2:00
874 -6:00 US C%sT 1991 Oct 27 2:00
875 -5:00 - EST 2006 Apr 2 2:00
878 # Pulaski County, Indiana, switched from eastern to central time in
879 # April 2006 and then switched back in March 2007.
880 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER
881 Rule Pulaski 1946 1960 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
882 Rule Pulaski 1946 1954 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
883 Rule Pulaski 1955 1956 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
884 Rule Pulaski 1957 1960 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
885 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
886 Zone America/Indiana/Winamac -5:46:25 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:13:35
888 -6:00 Pulaski C%sT 1961 Apr 30 2:00
891 -5:00 - EST 2006 Apr 2 2:00
892 -6:00 US C%sT 2007 Mar 11 2:00
895 # Switzerland County, Indiana, did not observe DST from 1973 through 2005.
896 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
897 Zone America/Indiana/Vevay -5:40:16 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:19:44
898 -6:00 US C%sT 1954 Apr 25 2:00
904 # Part of Kentucky left its clocks alone in 1974.
905 # This also includes Clark, Floyd, and Harrison counties in Indiana.
906 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER
907 Rule Louisville 1921 only - May 1 2:00 1:00 D
908 Rule Louisville 1921 only - Sep 1 2:00 0 S
909 Rule Louisville 1941 1961 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
910 Rule Louisville 1941 only - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
911 Rule Louisville 1946 only - Jun 2 2:00 0 S
912 Rule Louisville 1950 1955 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
913 Rule Louisville 1956 1960 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
914 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
915 Zone America/Kentucky/Louisville -5:43:02 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:16:58
917 -6:00 Louisville C%sT 1942
919 -6:00 Louisville C%sT 1961 Jul 23 2:00
921 -5:00 US E%sT 1974 Jan 6 2:00
922 -6:00 1:00 CDT 1974 Oct 27 2:00
925 # Wayne County, Kentucky
927 # From Lake Cumberland LIFE
928 # http://www.lake-cumberland.com/life/archive/news990129time.shtml
929 # (1999-01-29) via WKYM-101.7:
930 # Clinton County has joined Wayne County in asking the DoT to change from
931 # the Central to the Eastern time zone.... The Wayne County government made
932 # the same request in December. And while Russell County officials have not
933 # taken action, the majority of respondents to a poll conducted there in
934 # August indicated they would like to change to "fast time" also.
935 # The three Lake Cumberland counties are the farthest east of any U.S.
936 # location in the Central time zone.
938 # From Rich Wales (2000-08-29):
939 # After prolonged debate, and despite continuing deep differences of opinion,
940 # Wayne County (central Kentucky) is switching from Central (-0600) to Eastern
941 # (-0500) time. They won't "fall back" this year. See Sara Shipley,
942 # The difference an hour makes, Nando Times (2000-08-29 15:33 -0400).
944 # From Paul Eggert (2001-07-16):
945 # The final rule was published in the
946 # Federal Register 65, 160 (2000-08-17), pp 50154-50158.
947 # http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=2000_register&docid=fr17au00-22
949 Zone America/Kentucky/Monticello -5:39:24 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:20:36
952 -6:00 US C%sT 2000 Oct 29 2:00
956 # From Rives McDow (2000-08-30):
957 # Here ... are all the changes in the US since 1985.
958 # Kearny County, KS (put all of county on central;
959 # previously split between MST and CST) ... 1990-10
960 # Starke County, IN (from CST to EST) ... 1991-10
961 # Oliver County, ND (from MST to CST) ... 1992-10
962 # West Wendover, NV (from PST TO MST) ... 1999-10
963 # Wayne County, KY (from CST to EST) ... 2000-10
965 # From Paul Eggert (2001-07-17):
966 # We don't know where the line used to be within Kearny County, KS,
967 # so omit that change for now.
968 # See America/Indiana/Knox for the Starke County, IN change.
969 # See America/North_Dakota/Center for the Oliver County, ND change.
970 # West Wendover, NV officially switched from Pacific to mountain time on
971 # 1999-10-31. See the
972 # Federal Register 64, 203 (1999-10-21), pp 56705-56707.
973 # http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=1999_register&docid=fr21oc99-15
974 # However, the Federal Register says that West Wendover already operated
975 # on mountain time, and the rule merely made this official;
976 # hence a separate tz entry is not needed.
980 # From Bob Devine (1988-01-28):
981 # Michigan didn't observe DST from 1968 to 1973.
983 # From Paul Eggert (1999-03-31):
984 # Shanks writes that Michigan started using standard time on 1885-09-18,
985 # but Howse writes (pp 124-125, referring to Popular Astronomy, 1901-01)
988 # local time until 1900 when the City Council decreed that clocks should
989 # be put back twenty-eight minutes to Central Standard Time. Half the
990 # city obeyed, half refused. After considerable debate, the decision
991 # was rescinded and the city reverted to Sun time. A derisive offer to
992 # erect a sundial in front of the city hall was referred to the
993 # Committee on Sewers. Then, in 1905, Central time was adopted
996 # This story is too entertaining to be false, so go with Howse over Shanks.
998 # From Paul Eggert (2001-03-06):
999 # Garland (1927) writes "Cleveland and Detroit advanced their clocks
1000 # one hour in 1914." This change is not in Shanks. We have no more
1001 # info, so omit this for now.
1003 # Most of Michigan observed DST from 1973 on, but was a bit late in 1975.
1004 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER
1005 Rule Detroit 1948 only - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1006 Rule Detroit 1948 only - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
1007 Rule Detroit 1967 only - Jun 14 2:00 1:00 D
1008 Rule Detroit 1967 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
1009 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1010 Zone America/Detroit -5:32:11 - LMT 1905
1011 -6:00 - CST 1915 May 15 2:00
1014 -5:00 Detroit E%sT 1973
1016 -5:00 - EST 1975 Apr 27 2:00
1019 # Dickinson, Gogebic, Iron, and Menominee Counties, Michigan,
1020 # switched from EST to CST/CDT in 1973.
1021 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER
1022 Rule Menominee 1946 only - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1023 Rule Menominee 1946 only - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
1024 Rule Menominee 1966 only - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1025 Rule Menominee 1966 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
1026 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1027 Zone America/Menominee -5:50:27 - LMT 1885 Sep 18 12:00
1029 -6:00 Menominee C%sT 1969 Apr 27 2:00
1030 -5:00 - EST 1973 Apr 29 2:00
1034 # administered by the US Fish and Wildlife Service
1035 # claimed by US under the provisions of the 1856 Guano Islands Act
1036 # also claimed by Haiti
1037 # occupied 1857/1900 by the Navassa Phosphate Co
1038 # US lighthouse 1917/1996-09
1039 # currently uninhabited
1040 # see Mark Fineman, "An Isle Rich in Guano and Discord",
1041 # _Los Angeles Times_ (1998-11-10), A1, A10; it cites
1042 # Jimmy Skaggs, _The Great Guano Rush_ (1994).
1044 ################################################################################
1047 # From Paul Eggert (2014-10-31):
1049 # Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is:
1050 # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
1051 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
1052 # Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources.
1054 # Gwillim Law writes that a good source
1055 # for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
1056 # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
1057 # published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries
1058 # of the IATA's data after 1990. Except where otherwise noted,
1059 # IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990.
1061 # Other sources occasionally used include:
1063 # Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
1064 # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated),
1065 # which I found in the UCLA library.
1067 # William Willett, The Waste of Daylight, 19th edition
1068 # <http://cs.ucla.edu/~eggert/The-Waste-of-Daylight-19th.pdf>
1071 # Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94
1072 # <http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359>.
1074 # See the 'europe' file for Greenland.
1078 # From Alain LaBonté (1994-11-14):
1079 # I post here the time zone abbreviations standardized in Canada
1080 # for both English and French in the CAN/CSA-Z234.4-89 standard....
1082 # UTC Standard time Daylight saving time
1083 # offset French English French English
1087 # -4 HNA AST HAE EDT
1088 # -5 HNE EST HAC CDT
1089 # -6 HNC CST HAR MDT
1090 # -7 HNR MST HAP PDT
1091 # -8 HNP PST HAY YDT
1094 # HN: Heure Normale ST: Standard Time
1095 # HA: Heure Avancée DT: Daylight saving Time
1097 # A: de l'Atlantique Atlantic
1098 # C: du Centre Central
1099 # E: de l'Est Eastern
1102 # P: du Pacifique Pacific
1107 # From Paul Eggert (1994-11-22):
1108 # Alas, this sort of thing must be handled by localization software.
1110 # Unless otherwise specified, the data entries for Canada are all from Shanks
1113 # From Chris Walton (2006-04-01, 2006-04-25, 2006-06-26, 2007-01-31,
1115 # The British Columbia government announced yesterday that it will
1116 # adjust daylight savings next year to align with changes in the
1117 # U.S. and the rest of Canada....
1118 # http://www2.news.gov.bc.ca/news_releases_2005-2009/2006AG0014-000330.htm
1121 # Daylight saving time will be extended by four weeks starting in 2007....
1122 # http://www.gov.ns.ca/just/regulations/rg2/2006/ma1206.pdf
1124 # [For New Brunswick] the new legislation dictates that the time change is to
1125 # be done at 02:00 instead of 00:01.
1126 # http://www.gnb.ca/0062/acts/BBA-2006/Chap-19.pdf
1128 # Manitoba has traditionally changed the clock every fall at 03:00.
1129 # As of 2006, the transition is to take place one hour earlier at 02:00.
1130 # http://web2.gov.mb.ca/laws/statutes/ccsm/o030e.php
1132 # [Alberta, Ontario, Quebec] will follow US rules.
1133 # http://www.qp.gov.ab.ca/documents/spring/CH03_06.CFM
1134 # http://www.e-laws.gov.on.ca/DBLaws/Source/Regs/English/2006/R06111_e.htm
1135 # http://www2.publicationsduquebec.gouv.qc.ca/dynamicSearch/telecharge.php?type=5&file=2006C39A.PDF
1137 # P.E.I. will follow US rules....
1138 # http://www.assembly.pe.ca/bills/pdf_chapter/62/3/chapter-41.pdf
1140 # Province of Newfoundland and Labrador....
1141 # http://www.hoa.gov.nl.ca/hoa/bills/Bill0634.htm
1144 # http://www.gov.yk.ca/legislation/regs/oic2006_127.pdf
1146 # N.W.T. will follow US rules. Whoever maintains the government web site
1147 # does not seem to believe in bookmarks. To see the news release, click the
1148 # following link and search for "Daylight Savings Time Change". Press the
1149 # "Daylight Savings Time Change" link; it will fire off a popup using
1151 # http://www.exec.gov.nt.ca/currentnews/currentPR.asp?mode=archive
1154 # An amendment to the Interpretation Act was registered on February 19/2007....
1155 # http://action.attavik.ca/home/justice-gn/attach/2007/gaz02part2.pdf
1157 # From Paul Eggert (2014-10-18):
1158 # H. David Matthews and Mary Vincent's map
1159 # "It's about TIME", _Canadian Geographic_ (September-October 1998)
1160 # http://www.canadiangeographic.ca/Magazine/SO98/alacarte.asp
1161 # contains detailed boundaries for regions observing nonstandard
1162 # time and daylight saving time arrangements in Canada circa 1998.
1164 # National Research Council Canada maintains info about time zones and DST.
1165 # http://www.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/eng/services/time/time_zones.html
1166 # http://www.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/eng/services/time/faq/index.html#Q5
1167 # Its unofficial information is often taken from Matthews and Vincent.
1169 # From Paul Eggert (2006-06-27):
1170 # For now, assume all of DST-observing Canada will fall into line with the
1173 # From Chris Walton (2011-12-01)
1174 # In the first of Tammy Hardwick's articles
1175 # http://www.ilovecreston.com/?p=articles&t=spec&ar=260
1176 # she quotes the Friday November 1/1918 edition of the Creston Review.
1177 # The quote includes these two statements:
1178 # 'Sunday the CPR went back to the old system of time...'
1179 # '... The daylight saving scheme was dropped all over Canada at the same time,'
1180 # These statements refer to a transition from daylight time to standard time
1181 # that occurred nationally on Sunday October 27/1918. This transition was
1182 # also documented in the Saturday October 26/1918 edition of the Toronto Star.
1184 # In light of that evidence, we alter the date from the earlier believed
1185 # Oct 31, to Oct 27, 1918 (and Sunday is a more likely transition day
1186 # than Thursday) in all Canadian rulesets.
1188 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1189 Rule Canada 1918 only - Apr 14 2:00 1:00 D
1190 Rule Canada 1918 only - Oct 27 2:00 0 S
1191 Rule Canada 1942 only - Feb 9 2:00 1:00 W # War
1192 Rule Canada 1945 only - Aug 14 23:00u 1:00 P # Peace
1193 Rule Canada 1945 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 S
1194 Rule Canada 1974 1986 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1195 Rule Canada 1974 2006 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
1196 Rule Canada 1987 2006 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
1197 Rule Canada 2007 max - Mar Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 D
1198 Rule Canada 2007 max - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 0 S
1201 # Newfoundland and Labrador
1203 # From Paul Eggert (2000-10-02):
1204 # Matthews and Vincent (1998) write that Labrador should use NST/NDT,
1205 # but the only part of Labrador that follows the rules is the
1206 # southeast corner, including Port Hope Simpson and Mary's Harbour,
1207 # but excluding, say, Black Tickle.
1209 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1210 Rule StJohns 1917 only - Apr 8 2:00 1:00 D
1211 Rule StJohns 1917 only - Sep 17 2:00 0 S
1212 # Whitman gives 1919 Apr 5 and 1920 Apr 5; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
1213 Rule StJohns 1919 only - May 5 23:00 1:00 D
1214 Rule StJohns 1919 only - Aug 12 23:00 0 S
1215 # For 1931-1935 Whitman gives Apr same date; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
1216 Rule StJohns 1920 1935 - May Sun>=1 23:00 1:00 D
1217 Rule StJohns 1920 1935 - Oct lastSun 23:00 0 S
1218 # For 1936-1941 Whitman gives May Sun>=8 and Oct Sun>=1; go with Shanks &
1220 Rule StJohns 1936 1941 - May Mon>=9 0:00 1:00 D
1221 Rule StJohns 1936 1941 - Oct Mon>=2 0:00 0 S
1222 # Whitman gives the following transitions:
1223 # 1942 03-01/12-31, 1943 05-30/09-05, 1944 07-10/09-02, 1945 01-01/10-07
1224 # but go with Shanks & Pottenger and assume they used Canadian rules.
1225 # For 1946-9 Whitman gives May 5,4,9,1 - Oct 1,5,3,2, and for 1950 he gives
1226 # Apr 30 - Sep 24; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
1227 Rule StJohns 1946 1950 - May Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 D
1228 Rule StJohns 1946 1950 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00 0 S
1229 Rule StJohns 1951 1986 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1230 Rule StJohns 1951 1959 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
1231 Rule StJohns 1960 1986 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
1232 # From Paul Eggert (2000-10-02):
1233 # INMS (2000-09-12) says that, since 1988 at least, Newfoundland switches
1234 # at 00:01 local time. For now, assume it started in 1987.
1236 # From Michael Pelley (2011-09-12):
1237 # We received today, Monday, September 12, 2011, notification that the
1238 # changes to the Newfoundland Standard Time Act have been proclaimed.
1239 # The change in the Act stipulates that the change from Daylight Savings
1240 # Time to Standard Time and from Standard Time to Daylight Savings Time
1241 # now occurs at 2:00AM.
1243 # http://www.assembly.nl.ca/legislation/sr/annualstatutes/2011/1106.chp.htm
1245 # MICHAEL PELLEY | Manager of Enterprise Architecture - Solution Delivery
1246 # Office of the Chief Information Officer
1248 # Government of Newfoundland & Labrador
1250 Rule StJohns 1987 only - Apr Sun>=1 0:01 1:00 D
1251 Rule StJohns 1987 2006 - Oct lastSun 0:01 0 S
1252 Rule StJohns 1988 only - Apr Sun>=1 0:01 2:00 DD
1253 Rule StJohns 1989 2006 - Apr Sun>=1 0:01 1:00 D
1254 Rule StJohns 2007 2011 - Mar Sun>=8 0:01 1:00 D
1255 Rule StJohns 2007 2010 - Nov Sun>=1 0:01 0 S
1257 # St John's has an apostrophe, but Posix file names can't have apostrophes.
1258 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1259 Zone America/St_Johns -3:30:52 - LMT 1884
1260 -3:30:52 StJohns N%sT 1918
1261 -3:30:52 Canada N%sT 1919
1262 -3:30:52 StJohns N%sT 1935 Mar 30
1263 -3:30 StJohns N%sT 1942 May 11
1264 -3:30 Canada N%sT 1946
1265 -3:30 StJohns N%sT 2011 Nov
1268 # most of east Labrador
1270 # The name 'Happy Valley-Goose Bay' is too long; use 'Goose Bay'.
1271 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1272 Zone America/Goose_Bay -4:01:40 - LMT 1884 # Happy Valley-Goose Bay
1274 -3:30:52 Canada N%sT 1919
1275 -3:30:52 - NST 1935 Mar 30
1277 -3:30 StJohns N%sT 1942 May 11
1278 -3:30 Canada N%sT 1946
1279 -3:30 StJohns N%sT 1966 Mar 15 2:00
1280 -4:00 StJohns A%sT 2011 Nov
1284 # west Labrador, Nova Scotia, Prince Edward I
1286 # From Brian Inglis (2015-07-20):
1287 # From the historical weather station records available at:
1288 # https://weatherspark.com/history/28351/1971/Sydney-Nova-Scotia-Canada
1289 # Sydney shares the same time history as Glace Bay, so was
1290 # likely to be the same across the island....
1291 # Sydney, as the capital and most populous location, or Cape Breton, would
1292 # have been better names for the zone had we known this in 1996.
1294 # From Paul Eggert (2015-07-20):
1295 # Shanks & Pottenger write that since 1970 most of this region has been like
1296 # Halifax. Many locales did not observe peacetime DST until 1972;
1297 # the Cape Breton area, represented by Glace Bay, is the largest we know of
1298 # (Glace Bay was perhaps not the best name choice but no point changing now).
1299 # Shanks & Pottenger also write that Liverpool, NS was the only town
1300 # in Canada to observe DST in 1971 but not 1970; for now we'll assume
1303 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1304 Rule Halifax 1916 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
1305 Rule Halifax 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
1306 Rule Halifax 1920 only - May 9 0:00 1:00 D
1307 Rule Halifax 1920 only - Aug 29 0:00 0 S
1308 Rule Halifax 1921 only - May 6 0:00 1:00 D
1309 Rule Halifax 1921 1922 - Sep 5 0:00 0 S
1310 Rule Halifax 1922 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 D
1311 Rule Halifax 1923 1925 - May Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 D
1312 Rule Halifax 1923 only - Sep 4 0:00 0 S
1313 Rule Halifax 1924 only - Sep 15 0:00 0 S
1314 Rule Halifax 1925 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 S
1315 Rule Halifax 1926 only - May 16 0:00 1:00 D
1316 Rule Halifax 1926 only - Sep 13 0:00 0 S
1317 Rule Halifax 1927 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
1318 Rule Halifax 1927 only - Sep 26 0:00 0 S
1319 Rule Halifax 1928 1931 - May Sun>=8 0:00 1:00 D
1320 Rule Halifax 1928 only - Sep 9 0:00 0 S
1321 Rule Halifax 1929 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S
1322 Rule Halifax 1930 only - Sep 15 0:00 0 S
1323 Rule Halifax 1931 1932 - Sep Mon>=24 0:00 0 S
1324 Rule Halifax 1932 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
1325 Rule Halifax 1933 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 D
1326 Rule Halifax 1933 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 S
1327 Rule Halifax 1934 only - May 20 0:00 1:00 D
1328 Rule Halifax 1934 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 S
1329 Rule Halifax 1935 only - Jun 2 0:00 1:00 D
1330 Rule Halifax 1935 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 S
1331 Rule Halifax 1936 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D
1332 Rule Halifax 1936 only - Sep 14 0:00 0 S
1333 Rule Halifax 1937 1938 - May Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 D
1334 Rule Halifax 1937 1941 - Sep Mon>=24 0:00 0 S
1335 Rule Halifax 1939 only - May 28 0:00 1:00 D
1336 Rule Halifax 1940 1941 - May Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 D
1337 Rule Halifax 1946 1949 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1338 Rule Halifax 1946 1949 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
1339 Rule Halifax 1951 1954 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1340 Rule Halifax 1951 1954 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
1341 Rule Halifax 1956 1959 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1342 Rule Halifax 1956 1959 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
1343 Rule Halifax 1962 1973 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1344 Rule Halifax 1962 1973 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
1345 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1346 Zone America/Halifax -4:14:24 - LMT 1902 Jun 15
1347 -4:00 Halifax A%sT 1918
1348 -4:00 Canada A%sT 1919
1349 -4:00 Halifax A%sT 1942 Feb 9 2:00s
1350 -4:00 Canada A%sT 1946
1351 -4:00 Halifax A%sT 1974
1353 Zone America/Glace_Bay -3:59:48 - LMT 1902 Jun 15
1354 -4:00 Canada A%sT 1953
1355 -4:00 Halifax A%sT 1954
1357 -4:00 Halifax A%sT 1974
1362 # From Paul Eggert (2007-01-31):
1363 # The Time Definition Act <http://www.gnb.ca/0062/PDF-acts/t-06.pdf>
1364 # says they changed at 00:01 through 2006, and
1365 # <http://www.canlii.org/nb/laws/sta/t-6/20030127/whole.html> makes it
1366 # clear that this was the case since at least 1993.
1367 # For now, assume it started in 1993.
1369 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1370 Rule Moncton 1933 1935 - Jun Sun>=8 1:00 1:00 D
1371 Rule Moncton 1933 1935 - Sep Sun>=8 1:00 0 S
1372 Rule Moncton 1936 1938 - Jun Sun>=1 1:00 1:00 D
1373 Rule Moncton 1936 1938 - Sep Sun>=1 1:00 0 S
1374 Rule Moncton 1939 only - May 27 1:00 1:00 D
1375 Rule Moncton 1939 1941 - Sep Sat>=21 1:00 0 S
1376 Rule Moncton 1940 only - May 19 1:00 1:00 D
1377 Rule Moncton 1941 only - May 4 1:00 1:00 D
1378 Rule Moncton 1946 1972 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1379 Rule Moncton 1946 1956 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
1380 Rule Moncton 1957 1972 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
1381 Rule Moncton 1993 2006 - Apr Sun>=1 0:01 1:00 D
1382 Rule Moncton 1993 2006 - Oct lastSun 0:01 0 S
1383 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1384 Zone America/Moncton -4:19:08 - LMT 1883 Dec 9
1385 -5:00 - EST 1902 Jun 15
1386 -4:00 Canada A%sT 1933
1387 -4:00 Moncton A%sT 1942
1388 -4:00 Canada A%sT 1946
1389 -4:00 Moncton A%sT 1973
1390 -4:00 Canada A%sT 1993
1391 -4:00 Moncton A%sT 2007
1396 # From Paul Eggert (2015-03-24):
1397 # See America/Toronto for most of Quebec, including Montreal.
1399 # Matthews and Vincent (1998) also write that Quebec east of the -63
1400 # meridian is supposed to observe AST, but residents as far east as
1401 # Natashquan use EST/EDT, and residents east of Natashquan use AST.
1402 # The Quebec department of justice writes in
1403 # "The situation in Minganie and Basse-Côte-Nord"
1404 # http://www.justice.gouv.qc.ca/english/publications/generale/temps-minganie-a.htm
1405 # that the coastal strip from just east of Natashquan to Blanc-Sablon
1406 # observes Atlantic standard time all year round.
1407 # http://www.assnat.qc.ca/Media/Process.aspx?MediaId=ANQ.Vigie.Bll.DocumentGenerique_8845en
1408 # says this common practice was codified into law as of 2007.
1409 # For lack of better info, guess this practice began around 1970, contra to
1410 # Shanks & Pottenger who have this region observing AST/ADT.
1412 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1413 Zone America/Blanc-Sablon -3:48:28 - LMT 1884
1414 -4:00 Canada A%sT 1970
1419 # From Paul Eggert (2006-07-09):
1420 # Shanks & Pottenger write that since 1970 most of Ontario has been like
1422 # Thunder Bay skipped DST in 1973.
1423 # Many smaller locales did not observe peacetime DST until 1974;
1424 # Nipigon (EST) and Rainy River (CST) are the largest that we know of.
1425 # Far west Ontario is like Winnipeg; far east Quebec is like Halifax.
1427 # From Mark Brader (2003-07-26):
1428 # [According to the Toronto Star] Orillia, Ontario, adopted DST
1429 # effective Saturday, 1912-06-22, 22:00; the article mentions that
1430 # Port Arthur (now part of Thunder Bay, Ontario) as well as Moose Jaw
1431 # have already done so. In Orillia DST was to run until Saturday,
1432 # 1912-08-31 (no time mentioned), but it was met with considerable
1433 # hostility from certain segments of the public, and was revoked after
1434 # only two weeks - I copied it as Saturday, 1912-07-07, 22:00, but
1435 # presumably that should be -07-06. (1912-06-19, -07-12; also letters
1438 # Kenora, Ontario, was to abandon DST on 1914-06-01 (-05-21).
1440 # From Paul Eggert (1997-10-17):
1441 # Mark Brader writes that an article in the 1997-10-14 Toronto Star
1442 # says that Atikokan, Ontario currently does not observe DST,
1443 # but will vote on 11-10 whether to use EST/EDT.
1444 # He also writes that the Ontario Time Act (1990, Chapter T.9)
1445 # http://www.gov.on.ca/MBS/english/publications/statregs/conttext.html
1446 # says that Ontario east of 90W uses EST/EDT, and west of 90W uses CST/CDT.
1447 # Officially Atikokan is therefore on CST/CDT, and most likely this report
1448 # concerns a non-official time observed as a matter of local practice.
1450 # From Paul Eggert (2000-10-02):
1451 # Matthews and Vincent (1998) write that Atikokan, Pickle Lake, and
1452 # New Osnaburgh observe CST all year, that Big Trout Lake observes
1453 # CST/CDT, and that Upsala and Shebandowan observe EST/EDT, all in
1454 # violation of the official Ontario rules.
1456 # From Paul Eggert (2006-07-09):
1457 # Chris Walton (2006-07-06) mentioned an article by Stephanie MacLellan in the
1458 # 2005-07-21 Chronicle-Journal, which said:
1460 # The clocks in Atikokan stay set on standard time year-round.
1461 # This means they spend about half the time on central time and
1462 # the other half on eastern time.
1464 # For the most part, the system works, Mayor Dennis Brown said.
1466 # "The majority of businesses in Atikokan deal more with Eastern
1467 # Canada, but there are some that deal with Western Canada," he
1468 # said. "I don't see any changes happening here."
1470 # Walton also writes "Supposedly Pickle Lake and Mishkeegogamang
1471 # [New Osnaburgh] follow the same practice."
1473 # From Garry McKinnon (2006-07-14) via Chris Walton:
1474 # I chatted with a member of my board who has an outstanding memory
1475 # and a long history in Atikokan (and in the telecom industry) and he
1476 # can say for certain that Atikokan has been practicing the current
1477 # time keeping since 1952, at least.
1479 # From Paul Eggert (2006-07-17):
1480 # Shanks & Pottenger say that Atikokan has agreed with Rainy River
1481 # ever since standard time was introduced, but the information from
1482 # McKinnon sounds more authoritative. For now, assume that Atikokan
1483 # switched to EST immediately after WWII era daylight saving time
1484 # ended. This matches the old (less-populous) America/Coral_Harbour
1485 # entry since our cutoff date of 1970, so we can move
1486 # America/Coral_Harbour to the 'backward' file.
1488 # From Mark Brader (2010-03-06):
1490 # Currently the database has:
1494 # # From Paul Eggert (2006-07-09):
1495 # # Shanks & Pottenger write that since 1970 most of Ontario has been like
1497 # # Thunder Bay skipped DST in 1973.
1498 # # Many smaller locales did not observe peacetime DST until 1974;
1499 # # Nipigon (EST) and Rainy River (CST) are the largest that we know of.
1501 # In the (Toronto) Globe and Mail for Saturday, 1955-09-24, in the bottom
1502 # right corner of page 1, it says that Toronto will return to standard
1503 # time at 2 am Sunday morning (which agrees with the database), and that:
1505 # The one-hour setback will go into effect throughout most of Ontario,
1506 # except in areas like Windsor which remains on standard time all year.
1508 # Windsor is, of course, a lot larger than Nipigon.
1510 # I only came across this incidentally. I don't know if Windsor began
1511 # observing DST when Detroit did, or in 1974, or on some other date.
1513 # By the way, the article continues by noting that:
1515 # Some cities in the United States have pushed the deadline back
1516 # three weeks and will change over from daylight saving in October.
1518 # From Arthur David Olson (2010-07-17):
1520 # "Standard Time and Time Zones in Canada" appeared in
1521 # The Journal of The Royal Astronomical Society of Canada,
1522 # volume 26, number 2 (February 1932) and, as of 2010-07-17,
1524 # http://adsabs.harvard.edu/full/1932JRASC..26...49S
1526 # It includes the text below (starting on page 57):
1528 # A list of the places in Canada using daylight saving time would
1529 # require yearly revision. From information kindly furnished by
1530 # the provincial governments and by the postmasters in many cities
1531 # and towns, it is found that the following places used daylight sav-
1532 # ing in 1930. The information for the province of Quebec is definite,
1533 # for the other provinces only approximate:
1535 # Province Daylight saving time used
1536 # Prince Edward Island Not used.
1537 # Nova Scotia In Halifax only.
1538 # New Brunswick In St. John only.
1539 # Quebec In the following places:
1543 # St. Lambert Cap de la Madelèine
1544 # Verdun Loretteville
1545 # Westmount Richmond
1546 # Outremont St. Jérôme
1547 # Longueuil Greenfield Park
1549 # Chambly-Canton Beaulieu
1550 # Melbourne La Tuque
1551 # St. Théophile Buckingham
1552 # Ontario Used generally in the cities and towns along
1553 # the southerly part of the province. Not
1554 # used in the northwesterly part.
1555 # Manitoba Not used.
1556 # Saskatchewan In Regina only.
1558 # British Columbia Not used.
1560 # With some exceptions, the use of daylight saving may be said to be limited
1561 # to those cities and towns lying between Quebec city and Windsor, Ont.
1563 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1564 Rule Toronto 1919 only - Mar 30 23:30 1:00 D
1565 Rule Toronto 1919 only - Oct 26 0:00 0 S
1566 Rule Toronto 1920 only - May 2 2:00 1:00 D
1567 Rule Toronto 1920 only - Sep 26 0:00 0 S
1568 Rule Toronto 1921 only - May 15 2:00 1:00 D
1569 Rule Toronto 1921 only - Sep 15 2:00 0 S
1570 Rule Toronto 1922 1923 - May Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 D
1571 # Shanks & Pottenger say 1923-09-19; assume it's a typo and that "-16"
1573 Rule Toronto 1922 1926 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00 0 S
1574 Rule Toronto 1924 1927 - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
1575 # The 1927-to-1939 rules can be expressed more simply as
1576 # Rule Toronto 1927 1937 - Sep Sun>=25 2:00 0 S
1577 # Rule Toronto 1928 1937 - Apr Sun>=25 2:00 1:00 D
1578 # Rule Toronto 1938 1940 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1579 # Rule Toronto 1938 1939 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
1580 # The rules below avoid use of Sun>=25
1581 # (which pre-2004 versions of zic cannot handle).
1582 Rule Toronto 1927 1932 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
1583 Rule Toronto 1928 1931 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1584 Rule Toronto 1932 only - May 1 2:00 1:00 D
1585 Rule Toronto 1933 1940 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1586 Rule Toronto 1933 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 S
1587 Rule Toronto 1934 1939 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
1588 Rule Toronto 1945 1946 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
1589 Rule Toronto 1946 only - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1590 Rule Toronto 1947 1949 - Apr lastSun 0:00 1:00 D
1591 Rule Toronto 1947 1948 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 S
1592 Rule Toronto 1949 only - Nov lastSun 0:00 0 S
1593 Rule Toronto 1950 1973 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1594 Rule Toronto 1950 only - Nov lastSun 2:00 0 S
1595 Rule Toronto 1951 1956 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
1596 # Shanks & Pottenger say Toronto ended DST a week early in 1971,
1597 # namely on 1971-10-24, but Mark Brader wrote (2003-05-31) that this
1598 # is wrong, and that he had confirmed it by checking the 1971-10-30
1599 # Toronto Star, which said that DST was ending 1971-10-31 as usual.
1600 Rule Toronto 1957 1973 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
1602 # From Paul Eggert (2003-07-27):
1603 # Willett (1914-03) writes (p. 17) "In the Cities of Fort William, and
1604 # Port Arthur, Ontario, the principle of the Bill has been in
1605 # operation for the past three years, and in the City of Moose Jaw,
1606 # Saskatchewan, for one year."
1608 # From David Bryan via Tory Tronrud, Director/Curator,
1609 # Thunder Bay Museum (2003-11-12):
1610 # There is some suggestion, however, that, by-law or not, daylight
1611 # savings time was being practiced in Fort William and Port Arthur
1612 # before 1909.... [I]n 1910, the line between the Eastern and Central
1613 # Time Zones was permanently moved about two hundred miles west to
1614 # include the Thunder Bay area.... When Canada adopted daylight
1615 # savings time in 1916, Fort William and Port Arthur, having done so
1616 # already, did not change their clocks.... During the Second World
1617 # War,... [t]he cities agreed to implement DST during the summer
1618 # months for the remainder of the war years.
1620 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1621 Zone America/Toronto -5:17:32 - LMT 1895
1622 -5:00 Canada E%sT 1919
1623 -5:00 Toronto E%sT 1942 Feb 9 2:00s
1624 -5:00 Canada E%sT 1946
1625 -5:00 Toronto E%sT 1974
1627 Zone America/Thunder_Bay -5:57:00 - LMT 1895
1630 -5:00 Canada E%sT 1970
1631 -5:00 Toronto E%sT 1973
1634 Zone America/Nipigon -5:53:04 - LMT 1895
1635 -5:00 Canada E%sT 1940 Sep 29
1636 -5:00 1:00 EDT 1942 Feb 9 2:00s
1638 Zone America/Rainy_River -6:18:16 - LMT 1895
1639 -6:00 Canada C%sT 1940 Sep 29
1640 -6:00 1:00 CDT 1942 Feb 9 2:00s
1642 Zone America/Atikokan -6:06:28 - LMT 1895
1643 -6:00 Canada C%sT 1940 Sep 29
1644 -6:00 1:00 CDT 1942 Feb 9 2:00s
1645 -6:00 Canada C%sT 1945 Sep 30 2:00
1651 # From Rob Douglas (2006-04-06):
1652 # the old Manitoba Time Act - as amended by Bill 2, assented to
1653 # March 27, 1987 ... said ...
1654 # "between two o'clock Central Standard Time in the morning of
1655 # the first Sunday of April of each year and two o'clock Central
1656 # Standard Time in the morning of the last Sunday of October next
1657 # following, one hour in advance of Central Standard Time."...
1658 # I believe that the English legislation [of the old time act] had
1659 # been assented to (March 22, 1967)....
1660 # Also, as far as I can tell, there was no order-in-council varying
1661 # the time of Daylight Saving Time for 2005 and so the provisions of
1662 # the 1987 version would apply - the changeover was at 2:00 Central
1663 # Standard Time (i.e. not until 3:00 Central Daylight Time).
1665 # From Paul Eggert (2006-04-10):
1666 # Shanks & Pottenger say Manitoba switched at 02:00 (not 02:00s)
1667 # starting 1966. Since 02:00s is clearly correct for 1967 on, assume
1668 # it was also 02:00s in 1966.
1670 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1671 Rule Winn 1916 only - Apr 23 0:00 1:00 D
1672 Rule Winn 1916 only - Sep 17 0:00 0 S
1673 Rule Winn 1918 only - Apr 14 2:00 1:00 D
1674 Rule Winn 1918 only - Oct 27 2:00 0 S
1675 Rule Winn 1937 only - May 16 2:00 1:00 D
1676 Rule Winn 1937 only - Sep 26 2:00 0 S
1677 Rule Winn 1942 only - Feb 9 2:00 1:00 W # War
1678 Rule Winn 1945 only - Aug 14 23:00u 1:00 P # Peace
1679 Rule Winn 1945 only - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
1680 Rule Winn 1946 only - May 12 2:00 1:00 D
1681 Rule Winn 1946 only - Oct 13 2:00 0 S
1682 Rule Winn 1947 1949 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1683 Rule Winn 1947 1949 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
1684 Rule Winn 1950 only - May 1 2:00 1:00 D
1685 Rule Winn 1950 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 S
1686 Rule Winn 1951 1960 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1687 Rule Winn 1951 1958 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
1688 Rule Winn 1959 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
1689 Rule Winn 1960 only - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
1690 Rule Winn 1963 only - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1691 Rule Winn 1963 only - Sep 22 2:00 0 S
1692 Rule Winn 1966 1986 - Apr lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
1693 Rule Winn 1966 2005 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 S
1694 Rule Winn 1987 2005 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D
1695 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1696 Zone America/Winnipeg -6:28:36 - LMT 1887 Jul 16
1697 -6:00 Winn C%sT 2006
1703 # From Mark Brader (2003-07-26):
1704 # The first actual adoption of DST in Canada was at the municipal
1705 # level. As the [Toronto] Star put it (1912-06-07), "While people
1706 # elsewhere have long been talking of legislation to save daylight,
1707 # the city of Moose Jaw [Saskatchewan] has acted on its own hook."
1708 # DST in Moose Jaw began on Saturday, 1912-06-01 (no time mentioned:
1709 # presumably late evening, as below), and would run until "the end of
1710 # the summer". The discrepancy between municipal time and railroad
1713 # From Paul Eggert (2003-07-27):
1714 # Willett (1914-03) notes that DST "has been in operation ... in the
1715 # City of Moose Jaw, Saskatchewan, for one year."
1717 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1718 # Shanks & Pottenger say that since 1970 this region has mostly been as Regina.
1719 # Some western towns (e.g. Swift Current) switched from MST/MDT to CST in 1972.
1720 # Other western towns (e.g. Lloydminster) are like Edmonton.
1721 # Matthews and Vincent (1998) write that Denare Beach and Creighton
1722 # are like Winnipeg, in violation of Saskatchewan law.
1724 # From W. Jones (1992-11-06):
1725 # The. . .below is based on information I got from our law library, the
1726 # provincial archives, and the provincial Community Services department.
1727 # A precise history would require digging through newspaper archives, and
1728 # since you didn't say what you wanted, I didn't bother.
1730 # Saskatchewan is split by a time zone meridian (105W) and over the years
1731 # the boundary became pretty ragged as communities near it reevaluated
1732 # their affiliations in one direction or the other. In 1965 a provincial
1733 # referendum favoured legislating common time practices.
1735 # On 15 April 1966 the Time Act (c. T-14, Revised Statutes of
1736 # Saskatchewan 1978) was proclaimed, and established that the eastern
1737 # part of Saskatchewan would use CST year round, that districts in
1738 # northwest Saskatchewan would by default follow CST but could opt to
1739 # follow Mountain Time rules (thus 1 hour difference in the winter and
1740 # zero in the summer), and that districts in southwest Saskatchewan would
1741 # by default follow MT but could opt to follow CST.
1743 # It took a few years for the dust to settle (I know one story of a town
1744 # on one time zone having its school in another, such that a mom had to
1745 # serve her family lunch in two shifts), but presently it seems that only
1746 # a few towns on the border with Alberta (e.g. Lloydminster) follow MT
1747 # rules any more; all other districts appear to have used CST year round
1748 # since sometime in the 1960s.
1750 # From Chris Walton (2006-06-26):
1751 # The Saskatchewan time act which was last updated in 1996 is about 30 pages
1752 # long and rather painful to read.
1753 # http://www.qp.gov.sk.ca/documents/English/Statutes/Statutes/T14.pdf
1755 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1756 Rule Regina 1918 only - Apr 14 2:00 1:00 D
1757 Rule Regina 1918 only - Oct 27 2:00 0 S
1758 Rule Regina 1930 1934 - May Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 D
1759 Rule Regina 1930 1934 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 0 S
1760 Rule Regina 1937 1941 - Apr Sun>=8 0:00 1:00 D
1761 Rule Regina 1937 only - Oct Sun>=8 0:00 0 S
1762 Rule Regina 1938 only - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 0 S
1763 Rule Regina 1939 1941 - Oct Sun>=8 0:00 0 S
1764 Rule Regina 1942 only - Feb 9 2:00 1:00 W # War
1765 Rule Regina 1945 only - Aug 14 23:00u 1:00 P # Peace
1766 Rule Regina 1945 only - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
1767 Rule Regina 1946 only - Apr Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 D
1768 Rule Regina 1946 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:00 0 S
1769 Rule Regina 1947 1957 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1770 Rule Regina 1947 1957 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
1771 Rule Regina 1959 only - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1772 Rule Regina 1959 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
1774 Rule Swift 1957 only - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1775 Rule Swift 1957 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
1776 Rule Swift 1959 1961 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1777 Rule Swift 1959 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
1778 Rule Swift 1960 1961 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
1779 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1780 Zone America/Regina -6:58:36 - LMT 1905 Sep
1781 -7:00 Regina M%sT 1960 Apr lastSun 2:00
1783 Zone America/Swift_Current -7:11:20 - LMT 1905 Sep
1784 -7:00 Canada M%sT 1946 Apr lastSun 2:00
1785 -7:00 Regina M%sT 1950
1786 -7:00 Swift M%sT 1972 Apr lastSun 2:00
1792 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1793 Rule Edm 1918 1919 - Apr Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 D
1794 Rule Edm 1918 only - Oct 27 2:00 0 S
1795 Rule Edm 1919 only - May 27 2:00 0 S
1796 Rule Edm 1920 1923 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1797 Rule Edm 1920 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
1798 Rule Edm 1921 1923 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
1799 Rule Edm 1942 only - Feb 9 2:00 1:00 W # War
1800 Rule Edm 1945 only - Aug 14 23:00u 1:00 P # Peace
1801 Rule Edm 1945 only - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
1802 Rule Edm 1947 only - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1803 Rule Edm 1947 only - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
1804 Rule Edm 1967 only - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1805 Rule Edm 1967 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
1806 Rule Edm 1969 only - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1807 Rule Edm 1969 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
1808 Rule Edm 1972 1986 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1809 Rule Edm 1972 2006 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
1810 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1811 Zone America/Edmonton -7:33:52 - LMT 1906 Sep
1818 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1819 # Shanks & Pottenger write that since 1970 most of this region has
1820 # been like Vancouver.
1821 # Dawson Creek uses MST. Much of east BC is like Edmonton.
1822 # Matthews and Vincent (1998) write that Creston is like Dawson Creek.
1824 # It seems though that (re: Creston) is not entirely correct:
1826 # From Chris Walton (2011-12-01):
1827 # There are two areas within the Canadian province of British Columbia
1828 # that do not currently observe daylight saving:
1829 # a) The Creston Valley (includes the town of Creston and surrounding area)
1830 # b) The eastern half of the Peace River Regional District
1831 # (includes the cities of Dawson Creek and Fort St. John)
1833 # Earlier this year I stumbled across a detailed article about the time
1834 # keeping history of Creston; it was written by Tammy Hardwick who is the
1835 # manager of the Creston & District Museum. The article was written in May 2009.
1836 # http://www.ilovecreston.com/?p=articles&t=spec&ar=260
1837 # According to the article, Creston has not changed its clocks since June 1918.
1838 # i.e. Creston has been stuck on UTC-7 for 93 years.
1839 # Dawson Creek, on the other hand, changed its clocks as recently as April 1972.
1841 # Unfortunately the exact date for the time change in June 1918 remains
1842 # unknown and will be difficult to ascertain. I e-mailed Tammy a few months
1843 # ago to ask if Sunday June 2 was a reasonable guess. She said it was just
1844 # as plausible as any other date (in June). She also said that after writing
1845 # the article she had discovered another time change in 1916; this is the
1846 # subject of another article which she wrote in October 2010.
1847 # http://www.creston.museum.bc.ca/index.php?module=comments&uop=view_comment&cm+id=56
1849 # Here is a summary of the three clock change events in Creston's history:
1850 # 1. 1884 or 1885: adoption of Mountain Standard Time (GMT-7)
1851 # Exact date unknown
1852 # 2. Oct 1916: switch to Pacific Standard Time (GMT-8)
1853 # Exact date in October unknown; Sunday October 1 is a reasonable guess.
1854 # 3. June 1918: switch to Pacific Daylight Time (GMT-7)
1855 # Exact date in June unknown; Sunday June 2 is a reasonable guess.
1857 # On Oct 27/1918 when daylight saving ended in the rest of Canada,
1858 # Creston did not change its clocks.
1860 # During WWII when the Federal Government legislated a mandatory clock change,
1861 # Creston did not oblige.
1863 # There is no guarantee that Creston will remain on Mountain Standard Time
1865 # The subject was debated at least once this year by the town Council.
1866 # http://www.bclocalnews.com/kootenay_rockies/crestonvalleyadvance/news/116760809.html
1868 # During a period WWII, summer time (Daylight saying) was mandatory in Canada.
1869 # In Creston, that was handled by shifting the area to PST (-8:00) then applying
1870 # summer time to cause the offset to be -7:00, the same as it had been before
1871 # the change. It can be argued that the timezone abbreviation during this
1872 # period should be PDT rather than MST, but that doesn't seem important enough
1873 # (to anyone) to further complicate the rules.
1875 # The transition dates (and times) are guesses.
1877 # From Matt Johnson (2015-09-21):
1878 # Fort Nelson, BC, Canada will cancel DST this year. So while previously they
1879 # were aligned with America/Vancouver, they're now aligned with
1880 # America/Dawson_Creek.
1881 # http://www.northernrockies.ca/EN/meta/news/archives/2015/northern-rockies-time-change.html
1883 # From Tim Parenti (2015-09-23):
1884 # This requires a new zone for the Northern Rockies Regional Municipality,
1885 # America/Fort_Nelson. The resolution of 2014-12-08 was reached following a
1886 # 2014-11-15 poll with nearly 75% support. Effectively, the municipality has
1887 # been on MST (-0700) like Dawson Creek since it advanced its clocks on
1890 # From Paul Eggert (2015-09-23):
1891 # Shanks says Fort Nelson did not observe DST in 1946, unlike Vancouver.
1893 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1894 Rule Vanc 1918 only - Apr 14 2:00 1:00 D
1895 Rule Vanc 1918 only - Oct 27 2:00 0 S
1896 Rule Vanc 1942 only - Feb 9 2:00 1:00 W # War
1897 Rule Vanc 1945 only - Aug 14 23:00u 1:00 P # Peace
1898 Rule Vanc 1945 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 S
1899 Rule Vanc 1946 1986 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1900 Rule Vanc 1946 only - Oct 13 2:00 0 S
1901 Rule Vanc 1947 1961 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
1902 Rule Vanc 1962 2006 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
1903 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1904 Zone America/Vancouver -8:12:28 - LMT 1884
1905 -8:00 Vanc P%sT 1987
1907 Zone America/Dawson_Creek -8:00:56 - LMT 1884
1908 -8:00 Canada P%sT 1947
1909 -8:00 Vanc P%sT 1972 Aug 30 2:00
1911 Zone America/Fort_Nelson -8:10:47 - LMT 1884
1912 -8:00 Vanc P%sT 1946
1914 -8:00 Vanc P%sT 1987
1915 -8:00 Canada P%sT 2015 Mar 8 2:00
1917 Zone America/Creston -7:46:04 - LMT 1884
1918 -7:00 - MST 1916 Oct 1
1919 -8:00 - PST 1918 Jun 2
1922 # Northwest Territories, Nunavut, Yukon
1924 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1925 # Dawson switched to PST in 1973. Inuvik switched to MST in 1979.
1926 # Mathew Englander (1996-10-07) gives the following refs:
1927 # * 1967. Paragraph 28(34)(g) of the Interpretation Act, S.C. 1967-68,
1928 # c. 7 defines Yukon standard time as UTC-9....
1929 # see Interpretation Act, R.S.C. 1985, c. I-21, s. 35(1).
1930 # [http://canlii.ca/t/7vhg]
1931 # * C.O. 1973/214 switched Yukon to PST on 1973-10-28 00:00.
1932 # * O.I.C. 1980/02 established DST.
1933 # * O.I.C. 1987/056 changed DST to Apr firstSun 2:00 to Oct lastSun 2:00.
1935 # From Brian Inglis (2015-04-14):
1937 # I tried to trace the history of Yukon time and found the following
1938 # regulations, giving the reference title and URL if found, regulation name,
1939 # and relevant quote if available. Each regulation specifically revokes its
1940 # predecessor. The final reference is to the current Interpretation Act
1941 # authorizing and resulting from these regulatory changes.
1943 # Only recent regulations were retrievable via Yukon government site search or
1944 # index, and only some via Canadian legal sources. Other sources used include
1945 # articles titled "Standard Time and Time Zones in Canada" from JRASC via ADS
1946 # Abstracts, cited by ADO for 1932 ..., and updated versions from 1958 and
1947 # 1970 quoted below; each article includes current extracts from provincial
1948 # and territorial ST and DST regulations at the end, summaries and details of
1949 # standard times and daylight saving time at many locations across Canada,
1950 # with time zone maps, tables and calculations for Canadian Sunrise, Sunset,
1951 # and LMST; they also cover many countries and global locations, with a chart
1952 # and table showing current Universal Time offsets, and may be useful as
1953 # another source of information for 1970 and earlier.
1955 # * Standard Time and Time Zones in Canada; Smith, C.C.; JRASC, Vol. 26,
1956 # pp.49-77; February 1932; SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
1957 # http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1932JRASC..26...49S from p.75:
1958 # Yukon Interpretation Ordinance
1959 # Yukon standard time is the local mean time at the one hundred and
1960 # thirty-fifth meridian.
1962 # * Standard Time and Time Zones in Canada; Smith, C.C.; Thomson, Malcolm M.;
1963 # JRASC, Vol. 52, pp.193-223; October 1958; SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System
1964 # (ADS) http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1958JRASC..52..193S from pp.220-1:
1965 # Yukon Interpretation Ordinance, 1955, Chap. 16.
1967 # (1) Subject to this section, standard time shall be reckoned as nine
1968 # hours behind Greenwich Time and called Yukon Standard Time.
1970 # (2) Notwithstanding subsection (1), the Commissioner may make regulations
1971 # varying the manner of reckoning standard time.
1973 # * Yukon Territory Commissioner's Order 1966-20 Interpretation Ordinance
1974 # http://? - no online source found
1976 # * Standard Time and Time Zones in Canada; Thomson, Malcolm M.; JRASC,
1977 # Vol. 64, pp.129-162; June 1970; SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
1978 # http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1970JRASC..64..129T from p.156: Yukon
1979 # Territory Commissioner's Order 1967-59 Interpretation Ordinance ...
1981 # 1. Commissioner's Order 1966-20 dated at Whitehorse in the Yukon
1982 # Territory on 27th January, 1966, is hereby revoked.
1984 # 2. Yukon (East) Standard Time as defined by section 36 of the
1985 # Interpretation Ordinance from and after mid-night on the 28th day of May,
1986 # 1967 shall be reckoned in the same manner as Pacific Standard Time, that
1987 # is to say, eight hours behind Greenwich Time in the area of the Yukon
1988 # Territory lying east of the 138th degree longitude west.
1990 # 3. In the remainder of the Territory, lying west of the 138th degree
1991 # longitude west, Yukon (West) Standard Time shall be reckoned as nine
1992 # hours behind Greenwich Time.
1994 # * Yukon Standard Time defined as Pacific Standard Time, YCO 1973/214
1995 # http://www.canlii.org/en/yk/laws/regu/yco-1973-214/latest/yco-1973-214.html
1996 # C.O. 1973/214 INTERPRETATION ACT ...
1998 # 1. Effective October 28, 1973 Commissioner's Order 1967/59 is hereby
2001 # 2. Yukon Standard Time as defined by section 36 of the Interpretation
2002 # Act from and after midnight on the twenty-eighth day of October, 1973
2003 # shall be reckoned in the same manner as Pacific Standard Time, that is
2004 # to say eight hours behind Greenwich Time.
2006 # * O.I.C. 1980/02 INTERPRETATION ACT
2007 # http://? - no online source found
2009 # * Yukon Daylight Saving Time, YOIC 1987/56
2010 # http://www.canlii.org/en/yk/laws/regu/yoic-1987-56/latest/yoic-1987-56.html
2011 # O.I.C. 1987/056 INTERPRETATION ACT ...
2013 # In every year between
2014 # (a) two o'clock in the morning in the first Sunday in April, and
2015 # (b) two o'clock in the morning in the last Sunday in October,
2016 # Standard Time shall be reckoned as seven hours behind Greenwich Time and
2017 # called Yukon Daylight Saving Time.
2019 # Dated ... 9th day of March, A.D., 1987.
2021 # * Yukon Daylight Saving Time 2006, YOIC 2006/127
2022 # http://www.canlii.org/en/yk/laws/regu/yoic-2006-127/latest/yoic-2006-127.html
2023 # O.I.C. 2006/127 INTERPRETATION ACT ...
2025 # 1. In Yukon each year the time for general purposes shall be 7 hours
2026 # behind Greenwich mean time during the period commencing at two o'clock
2027 # in the forenoon on the second Sunday of March and ending at two o'clock
2028 # in the forenoon on the first Sunday of November and shall be called
2029 # Yukon Daylight Saving Time.
2031 # 2. Order-in-Council 1987/56 is revoked.
2033 # 3. This order comes into force January 1, 2007.
2035 # * Interpretation Act, RSY 2002, c 125
2036 # http://www.canlii.org/en/yk/laws/stat/rsy-2002-c-125/latest/rsy-2002-c-125.html
2038 # From Rives McDow (1999-09-04):
2039 # Nunavut ... moved ... to incorporate the whole territory into one time zone.
2040 # Nunavut moves to single time zone Oct. 31
2041 # http://www.nunatsiaq.com/nunavut/nvt90903_13.html
2043 # From Antoine Leca (1999-09-06):
2044 # We then need to create a new timezone for the Kitikmeot region of Nunavut
2045 # to differentiate it from the Yellowknife region.
2047 # From Paul Eggert (1999-09-20):
2048 # Basic Facts: The New Territory
2049 # http://www.nunavut.com/basicfacts/english/basicfacts_1territory.html
2050 # (1999) reports that Pangnirtung operates on eastern time,
2051 # and that Coral Harbour does not observe DST. We don't know when
2052 # Pangnirtung switched to eastern time; we'll guess 1995.
2054 # From Rives McDow (1999-11-08):
2055 # On October 31, when the rest of Nunavut went to Central time,
2056 # Pangnirtung wobbled. Here is the result of their wobble:
2058 # The following businesses and organizations in Pangnirtung use Central Time:
2060 # First Air, Power Corp, Nunavut Construction, Health Center, RCMP,
2061 # Eastern Arctic National Parks, A & D Specialist
2063 # The following businesses and organizations in Pangnirtung use Eastern Time:
2065 # Hamlet office, All other businesses, Both schools, Airport operator
2067 # This has made for an interesting situation there, which warranted the news.
2068 # No one there that I spoke with seems concerned, or has plans to
2069 # change the local methods of keeping time, as it evidently does not
2070 # really interfere with any activities or make things difficult locally.
2071 # They plan to celebrate New Year's turn-over twice, one hour apart,
2072 # so it appears that the situation will last at least that long.
2073 # The Nunavut Intergovernmental Affairs hopes that they will "come to
2074 # their senses", but the locals evidently don't see any problem with
2075 # the current state of affairs.
2077 # From Michaela Rodrigue, writing in the
2078 # Nunatsiaq News (1999-11-19):
2079 # http://www.nunatsiaq.com/archives/nunavut991130/nvt91119_17.html
2080 # Clyde River, Pangnirtung and Sanikiluaq now operate with two time zones,
2081 # central - or Nunavut time - for government offices, and eastern time
2082 # for municipal offices and schools.... Igloolik [was similar but then]
2083 # made the switch to central time on Saturday, Nov. 6.
2085 # From Paul Eggert (2000-10-02):
2086 # Matthews and Vincent (1998) say the following, but we lack histories
2087 # for these potential new Zones.
2089 # The Canadian Forces station at Alert uses Eastern Time while the
2090 # handful of residents at the Eureka weather station [in the Central
2091 # zone] skip daylight savings. Baffin Island, which is crossed by the
2092 # Central, Eastern and Atlantic Time zones only uses Eastern Time.
2093 # Gjoa Haven, Taloyoak and Pelly Bay all use Mountain instead of
2094 # Central Time and Southampton Island [in the Central zone] is not
2095 # required to use daylight savings.
2097 # From <http://www.nunatsiaq.com/archives/nunavut001130/nvt21110_02.html>
2098 # Nunavut now has two time zones (2000-11-10):
2099 # The Nunavut government would allow its employees in Kugluktuk and
2100 # Cambridge Bay to operate on central time year-round, putting them
2101 # one hour behind the rest of Nunavut for six months during the winter.
2102 # At the end of October the two communities had rebelled against
2103 # Nunavut's unified time zone, refusing to shift to eastern time with
2104 # the rest of the territory for the winter. Cambridge Bay remained on
2105 # central time, while Kugluktuk, even farther west, reverted to
2106 # mountain time, which they had used before the advent of Nunavut's
2107 # unified time zone in 1999.
2109 # From Rives McDow (2001-01-20), quoting the Nunavut government:
2110 # The preceding decision came into effect at midnight, Saturday Nov 4, 2000.
2112 # From Paul Eggert (2000-12-04):
2113 # Let's just keep track of the official times for now.
2115 # From Rives McDow (2001-03-07):
2116 # The premier of Nunavut has issued a ministerial statement advising
2117 # that effective 2001-04-01, the territory of Nunavut will revert
2118 # back to three time zones (mountain, central, and eastern). Of the
2119 # cities in Nunavut, Coral Harbor is the only one that I know of that
2120 # has said it will not observe dst, staying on EST year round. I'm
2121 # checking for more info, and will get back to you if I come up with
2123 # [Also see <http://www.nunatsiaq.com/nunavut/nvt10309_06.html> (2001-03-09).]
2125 # From Gwillim Law (2005-05-21):
2127 # http://www.canadiangeographic.ca/Magazine/SO98/geomap.asp
2128 # (from a 1998 Canadian Geographic article), the de facto and de jure time
2129 # for Southampton Island (at the north end of Hudson Bay) is UTC-5 all year
2130 # round. Using Google, it's easy to find other websites that confirm this.
2131 # I wasn't able to find how far back this time regimen goes, but since it
2132 # predates the creation of Nunavut, it probably goes back many years....
2133 # The Inuktitut name of Coral Harbour is Sallit, but it's rarely used.
2135 # From Paul Eggert (2014-10-17):
2136 # For lack of better information, assume that Southampton Island observed
2137 # daylight saving only during wartime. Gwillim Law's email also
2138 # mentioned maps now maintained by National Research Council Canada;
2139 # see above for an up-to-date link.
2141 # From Chris Walton (2007-03-01):
2142 # ... the community of Resolute (located on Cornwallis Island in
2143 # Nunavut) moved from Central Time to Eastern Time last November.
2144 # Basically the community did not change its clocks at the end of
2145 # daylight saving....
2146 # http://www.nnsl.com/frames/newspapers/2006-11/nov13_06none.html
2148 # From Chris Walton (2011-03-21):
2149 # Back in 2007 I initiated the creation of a new "zone file" for Resolute
2150 # Bay. Resolute Bay is a small community located about 900km north of
2151 # the Arctic Circle. The zone file was required because Resolute Bay had
2152 # decided to use UTC-5 instead of UTC-6 for the winter of 2006-2007.
2154 # According to new information which I received last week, Resolute Bay
2155 # went back to using UTC-6 in the winter of 2007-2008...
2157 # On March 11/2007 most of Canada went onto daylight saving. On March
2158 # 14/2007 I phoned the Resolute Bay hamlet office to do a "time check." I
2159 # talked to somebody that was both knowledgeable and helpful. I was able
2160 # to confirm that Resolute Bay was still operating on UTC-5. It was
2161 # explained to me that Resolute Bay had been on the Eastern Time zone
2162 # (EST) in the winter, and was now back on the Central Time zone (CDT).
2163 # i.e. the time zone had changed twice in the last year but the clocks
2164 # had not moved. The residents had to know which time zone they were in
2165 # so they could follow the correct TV schedule...
2167 # On Nov 02/2008 most of Canada went onto standard time. On Nov 03/2008 I
2168 # phoned the Resolute Bay hamlet office...[D]ue to the challenging nature
2169 # of the phone call, I decided to seek out an alternate source of
2170 # information. I found an e-mail address for somebody by the name of
2171 # Stephanie Adams whose job was listed as "Inns North Support Officer for
2172 # Arctic Co-operatives." I was under the impression that Stephanie lived
2173 # and worked in Resolute Bay...
2175 # On March 14/2011 I phoned the hamlet office again. I was told that
2176 # Resolute Bay had been using Central Standard Time over the winter of
2177 # 2010-2011 and that the clocks had therefore been moved one hour ahead
2178 # on March 13/2011. The person I talked to was aware that Resolute Bay
2179 # had previously experimented with Eastern Standard Time but he could not
2180 # tell me when the practice had stopped.
2182 # On March 17/2011 I searched the Web to find an e-mail address of
2183 # somebody that might be able to tell me exactly when Resolute Bay went
2184 # off Eastern Standard Time. I stumbled on the name "Aziz Kheraj." Aziz
2185 # used to be the mayor of Resolute Bay and he apparently owns half the
2186 # businesses including "South Camp Inn." This website has some info on
2188 # http://www.uphere.ca/node/493
2190 # I sent Aziz an e-mail asking when Resolute Bay had stopped using
2191 # Eastern Standard Time.
2193 # Aziz responded quickly with this: "hi, The time was not changed for the
2194 # 1 year only, the following year, the community went back to the old way
2195 # of "spring ahead-fall behind" currently we are zulu plus 5 hrs and in
2196 # the winter Zulu plus 6 hrs"
2198 # This of course conflicted with everything I had ascertained in November 2008.
2200 # I sent Aziz a copy of my 2008 e-mail exchange with Stephanie. Aziz
2201 # responded with this: "Hi, Stephanie lives in Winnipeg. I live here, You
2202 # may want to check with the weather office in Resolute Bay or do a
2203 # search on the weather through Env. Canada. web site"
2205 # If I had realized the Stephanie did not live in Resolute Bay I would
2206 # never have contacted her. I now believe that all the information I
2207 # obtained in November 2008 should be ignored...
2208 # I apologize for reporting incorrect information in 2008.
2210 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2211 Rule NT_YK 1918 only - Apr 14 2:00 1:00 D
2212 Rule NT_YK 1918 only - Oct 27 2:00 0 S
2213 Rule NT_YK 1919 only - May 25 2:00 1:00 D
2214 Rule NT_YK 1919 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 S
2215 Rule NT_YK 1942 only - Feb 9 2:00 1:00 W # War
2216 Rule NT_YK 1945 only - Aug 14 23:00u 1:00 P # Peace
2217 Rule NT_YK 1945 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 S
2218 Rule NT_YK 1965 only - Apr lastSun 0:00 2:00 DD
2219 Rule NT_YK 1965 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
2220 Rule NT_YK 1980 1986 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
2221 Rule NT_YK 1980 2006 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
2222 Rule NT_YK 1987 2006 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
2223 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2225 Zone America/Pangnirtung 0 - -00 1921 # trading post est.
2226 -4:00 NT_YK A%sT 1995 Apr Sun>=1 2:00
2227 -5:00 Canada E%sT 1999 Oct 31 2:00
2228 -6:00 Canada C%sT 2000 Oct 29 2:00
2230 # formerly Frobisher Bay
2231 Zone America/Iqaluit 0 - -00 1942 Aug # Frobisher Bay est.
2232 -5:00 NT_YK E%sT 1999 Oct 31 2:00
2233 -6:00 Canada C%sT 2000 Oct 29 2:00
2236 Zone America/Resolute 0 - -00 1947 Aug 31 # Resolute founded
2237 -6:00 NT_YK C%sT 2000 Oct 29 2:00
2238 -5:00 - EST 2001 Apr 1 3:00
2239 -6:00 Canada C%sT 2006 Oct 29 2:00
2240 -5:00 - EST 2007 Mar 11 3:00
2243 Zone America/Rankin_Inlet 0 - -00 1957 # Rankin Inlet founded
2244 -6:00 NT_YK C%sT 2000 Oct 29 2:00
2245 -5:00 - EST 2001 Apr 1 3:00
2247 # aka Iqaluktuuttiaq
2248 Zone America/Cambridge_Bay 0 - -00 1920 # trading post est.?
2249 -7:00 NT_YK M%sT 1999 Oct 31 2:00
2250 -6:00 Canada C%sT 2000 Oct 29 2:00
2251 -5:00 - EST 2000 Nov 5 0:00
2252 -6:00 - CST 2001 Apr 1 3:00
2254 Zone America/Yellowknife 0 - -00 1935 # Yellowknife founded?
2255 -7:00 NT_YK M%sT 1980
2257 Zone America/Inuvik 0 - -00 1953 # Inuvik founded
2258 -8:00 NT_YK P%sT 1979 Apr lastSun 2:00
2259 -7:00 NT_YK M%sT 1980
2261 Zone America/Whitehorse -9:00:12 - LMT 1900 Aug 20
2262 -9:00 NT_YK Y%sT 1967 May 28 0:00
2263 -8:00 NT_YK P%sT 1980
2265 Zone America/Dawson -9:17:40 - LMT 1900 Aug 20
2266 -9:00 NT_YK Y%sT 1973 Oct 28 0:00
2267 -8:00 NT_YK P%sT 1980
2271 ###############################################################################
2275 # From Paul Eggert (2014-12-07):
2276 # The Investigation and Analysis Service of the
2277 # Mexican Library of Congress (MLoC) has published a
2278 # history of Mexican local time (in Spanish)
2279 # http://www.diputados.gob.mx/bibliot/publica/inveyana/polisoc/horver/index.htm
2281 # Here are the discrepancies between Shanks & Pottenger (S&P) and the MLoC.
2282 # (In all cases we go with the MLoC.)
2283 # S&P report that Baja was at -8:00 in 1922/1923.
2284 # S&P say the 1930 transition in Baja was 1930-11-16.
2285 # S&P report no DST during summer 1931.
2286 # S&P report a transition at 1932-03-30 23:00, not 1932-04-01.
2288 # From Gwillim Law (2001-02-20):
2289 # There are some other discrepancies between the Decrees page and the
2290 # tz database. I think they can best be explained by supposing that
2291 # the researchers who prepared the Decrees page failed to find some of
2292 # the relevant documents.
2294 # From Alan Perry (1996-02-15):
2295 # A guy from our Mexico subsidiary finally found the Presidential Decree
2296 # outlining the timezone changes in Mexico.
2298 # ------------- Begin Forwarded Message -------------
2300 # I finally got my hands on the Official Presidential Decree that sets up the
2301 # rules for the DST changes. The rules are:
2303 # 1. The country is divided in 3 timezones:
2304 # - Baja California Norte (the Mexico/BajaNorte TZ)
2305 # - Baja California Sur, Nayarit, Sinaloa and Sonora (the Mexico/BajaSur TZ)
2306 # - The rest of the country (the Mexico/General TZ)
2308 # 2. From the first Sunday in April at 2:00 AM to the last Sunday in October
2309 # at 2:00 AM, the times in each zone are as follows:
2314 # 3. The rest of the year, the times are as follows:
2319 # The Decree was published in Mexico's Official Newspaper on January 4th.
2321 # -------------- End Forwarded Message --------------
2322 # From Paul Eggert (1996-06-12):
2323 # For an English translation of the decree, see
2324 # "Diario Oficial: Time Zone Changeover" (1996-01-04).
2325 # http://mexico-travel.com/extra/timezone_eng.html
2327 # From Rives McDow (1998-10-08):
2328 # The State of Quintana Roo has reverted back to central STD and DST times
2329 # (i.e. UTC -0600 and -0500 as of 1998-08-02).
2331 # From Rives McDow (2000-01-10):
2332 # Effective April 4, 1999 at 2:00 AM local time, Sonora changed to the time
2333 # zone 5 hours from the International Date Line, and will not observe daylight
2334 # savings time so as to stay on the same time zone as the southern part of
2335 # Arizona year round.
2337 # From Jesper Nørgaard, translating
2338 # <http://www.reforma.com/nacional/articulo/064327/> (2001-01-17):
2339 # In Oaxaca, the 55.000 teachers from the Section 22 of the National
2340 # Syndicate of Education Workers, refuse to apply daylight saving each
2341 # year, so that the more than 10,000 schools work at normal hour the
2344 # From Gwillim Law (2001-01-19):
2345 # <http://www.reforma.com/negocios_y_dinero/articulo/064481/> ... says
2347 # January 17, 2000 - The Energy Secretary, Ernesto Martens, announced
2348 # that Summer Time will be reduced from seven to five months, starting
2350 # http://www.publico.com.mx/scripts/texto3.asp?action=pagina&pag=21&pos=p&secc=naci&date=01/17/2001
2351 # [translated], says "summer time will ... take effect on the first Sunday
2352 # in May, and end on the last Sunday of September.
2354 # From Arthur David Olson (2001-01-25):
2355 # The 2001-01-24 traditional Washington Post contained the page one
2356 # story "Timely Issue Divides Mexicans."...
2357 # http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A37383-2001Jan23.html
2358 # ... Mexico City Mayor López Obrador "...is threatening to keep
2359 # Mexico City and its 20 million residents on a different time than
2360 # the rest of the country..." In particular, López Obrador would abolish
2361 # observation of Daylight Saving Time.
2363 # Official statute published by the Energy Department
2364 # http://www.conae.gob.mx/ahorro/decretohorver2001.html#decre
2365 # (2001-02-01) shows Baja and Chihauhua as still using US DST rules,
2366 # and Sonora with no DST. This was reported by Jesper Nørgaard (2001-02-03).
2368 # From Paul Eggert (2001-03-03):
2370 # http://www.latimes.com/news/nation/20010303/t000018766.html
2371 # James F. Smith writes in today's LA Times
2372 # * Sonora will continue to observe standard time.
2373 # * Last week Mexico City's mayor Andrés Manuel López Obrador decreed that
2374 # the Federal District will not adopt DST.
2375 # * 4 of 16 district leaders announced they'll ignore the decree.
2376 # * The decree does not affect federal-controlled facilities including
2377 # the airport, banks, hospitals, and schools.
2379 # For now we'll assume that the Federal District will bow to federal rules.
2381 # From Jesper Nørgaard (2001-04-01):
2382 # I found some references to the Mexican application of daylight
2383 # saving, which modifies what I had already sent you, stating earlier
2384 # that a number of northern Mexican states would go on daylight
2385 # saving. The modification reverts this to only cover Baja California
2386 # (Norte), while all other states (except Sonora, who has no daylight
2387 # saving all year) will follow the original decree of president
2388 # Vicente Fox, starting daylight saving May 6, 2001 and ending
2389 # September 30, 2001.
2390 # References: "Diario de Monterrey" <http://www.diariodemonterrey.com/index.asp>
2391 # Palabra <http://palabra.infosel.com/010331/primera/ppri3101.pdf> (2001-03-31)
2393 # From Reuters (2001-09-04):
2394 # Mexico's Supreme Court on Tuesday declared that daylight savings was
2395 # unconstitutional in Mexico City, creating the possibility the
2396 # capital will be in a different time zone from the rest of the nation
2397 # next year.... The Supreme Court's ruling takes effect at 2:00
2398 # a.m. (0800 GMT) on Sept. 30, when Mexico is scheduled to revert to
2399 # standard time. "This is so residents of the Federal District are not
2400 # subject to unexpected time changes," a statement from the court said.
2402 # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2002-03-12):
2403 # ... consulting my local grocery store(!) and my coworkers, they all insisted
2404 # that a new decision had been made to reinstate US style DST in Mexico....
2405 # http://www.conae.gob.mx/ahorro/horaver2001_m1_2002.html (2002-02-20)
2406 # confirms this. Sonora as usual is the only state where DST is not applied.
2408 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-12-28):
2410 # Steffen Thorsen wrote:
2411 # > Mexico's House of Representatives has approved a proposal for northern
2412 # > Mexico's border cities to share the same daylight saving schedule as
2413 # > the United States.
2414 # Now this has passed both the Congress and the Senate, so starting from
2415 # 2010, some border regions will be the same:
2416 # http://www.signonsandiego.com/news/2009/dec/28/clocks-will-match-both-sides-border/
2417 # http://www.elmananarey.com/diario/noticia/nacional/noticias/empatan_horario_de_frontera_con_eu/621939
2420 # Could not find the new law text, but the proposed law text changes are here:
2421 # http://gaceta.diputados.gob.mx/Gaceta/61/2009/dic/20091210-V.pdf
2422 # (Gaceta Parlamentaria)
2424 # There is also a list of the votes here:
2425 # http://gaceta.diputados.gob.mx/Gaceta/61/2009/dic/V2-101209.html
2428 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/north-mexico-dst-change.html
2430 # From Arthur David Olson (2010-01-20):
2432 # http://dof.gob.mx/nota_detalle.php?codigo=5127480&fecha=06/01/2010
2433 # includes this text:
2434 # En los municipios fronterizos de Tijuana y Mexicali en Baja California;
2435 # Juárez y Ojinaga en Chihuahua; Acuña y Piedras Negras en Coahuila;
2436 # Anáhuac en Nuevo León; y Nuevo Laredo, Reynosa y Matamoros en
2437 # Tamaulipas, la aplicación de este horario estacional surtirá efecto
2438 # desde las dos horas del segundo domingo de marzo y concluirá a las dos
2439 # horas del primer domingo de noviembre.
2440 # En los municipios fronterizos que se encuentren ubicados en la franja
2441 # fronteriza norte en el territorio comprendido entre la línea
2442 # internacional y la línea paralela ubicada a una distancia de veinte
2443 # kilómetros, así como la Ciudad de Ensenada, Baja California, hacia el
2444 # interior del país, la aplicación de este horario estacional surtirá
2445 # efecto desde las dos horas del segundo domingo de marzo y concluirá a
2446 # las dos horas del primer domingo de noviembre.
2448 # From Steffen Thorsen (2014-12-08), translated by Gwillim Law:
2449 # The Mexican state of Quintana Roo will likely change to EST in 2015.
2451 # http://www.unioncancun.mx/articulo/2014/12/04/medio-ambiente/congreso-aprueba-una-hora-mas-de-sol-en-qroo
2452 # "With this change, the time conflict that has existed between the municipios
2453 # of Quintana Roo and the municipio of Felipe Carrillo Puerto may come to an
2454 # end. The latter declared itself in rebellion 15 years ago when a time change
2455 # was initiated in Mexico, and since then it has refused to change its time
2456 # zone along with the rest of the country."
2458 # From Steffen Thorsen (2015-01-14), translated by Gwillim Law:
2459 # http://sipse.com/novedades/confirman-aplicacion-de-nueva-zona-horaria-para-quintana-roo-132331.html
2460 # "...the new time zone will come into effect at two o'clock on the first Sunday
2461 # of February, when we will have to advance the clock one hour from its current
2463 # Also, the new zone will not use DST.
2465 # From Carlos Raúl Perasso (2015-02-02):
2466 # The decree that modifies the Mexican Hour System Law has finally
2467 # been published at the Diario Oficial de la Federación
2468 # http://www.dof.gob.mx/nota_detalle.php?codigo=5380123&fecha=31/01/2015
2469 # It establishes 5 zones for Mexico:
2470 # 1- Zona Centro (Central Zone): Corresponds to longitude 90 W,
2471 # includes most of Mexico, excluding what's mentioned below.
2472 # 2- Zona Pacífico (Pacific Zone): Longitude 105 W, includes the
2473 # states of Baja California Sur; Chihuahua; Nayarit (excluding Bahía
2474 # de Banderas which lies in Central Zone); Sinaloa and Sonora.
2475 # 3- Zona Noroeste (Northwest Zone): Longitude 120 W, includes the
2476 # state of Baja California.
2477 # 4- Zona Sureste (Southeast Zone): Longitude 75 W, includes the state
2479 # 5- The islands, reefs and keys shall take their timezone from the
2480 # longitude they are located at.
2482 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2483 Rule Mexico 1939 only - Feb 5 0:00 1:00 D
2484 Rule Mexico 1939 only - Jun 25 0:00 0 S
2485 Rule Mexico 1940 only - Dec 9 0:00 1:00 D
2486 Rule Mexico 1941 only - Apr 1 0:00 0 S
2487 Rule Mexico 1943 only - Dec 16 0:00 1:00 W # War
2488 Rule Mexico 1944 only - May 1 0:00 0 S
2489 Rule Mexico 1950 only - Feb 12 0:00 1:00 D
2490 Rule Mexico 1950 only - Jul 30 0:00 0 S
2491 Rule Mexico 1996 2000 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
2492 Rule Mexico 1996 2000 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
2493 Rule Mexico 2001 only - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
2494 Rule Mexico 2001 only - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
2495 Rule Mexico 2002 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
2496 Rule Mexico 2002 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
2497 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2498 # Quintana Roo; represented by Cancún
2499 Zone America/Cancun -5:47:04 - LMT 1922 Jan 1 0:12:56
2500 -6:00 - CST 1981 Dec 23
2501 -5:00 Mexico E%sT 1998 Aug 2 2:00
2502 -6:00 Mexico C%sT 2015 Feb 1 2:00
2504 # Campeche, Yucatán; represented by Mérida
2505 Zone America/Merida -5:58:28 - LMT 1922 Jan 1 0:01:32
2506 -6:00 - CST 1981 Dec 23
2507 -5:00 - EST 1982 Dec 2
2509 # Coahuila, Nuevo León, Tamaulipas (near US border)
2510 # This includes the following municipalities:
2511 # in Coahuila: Ocampo, Acuña, Zaragoza, Jiménez, Piedras Negras, Nava,
2512 # Guerrero, Hidalgo.
2513 # in Nuevo León: Anáhuac, Los Aldama.
2514 # in Tamaulipas: Nuevo Laredo, Guerrero, Mier, Miguel Alemán, Camargo,
2515 # Gustavo Díaz Ordaz, Reynosa, Río Bravo, Valle Hermoso, Matamoros.
2516 # See: Inicia mañana Horario de Verano en zona fronteriza, El Universal,
2518 # http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/articulo/estados/2016/03/12/inicia-manana-horario-de-verano-en-zona-fronteriza
2519 Zone America/Matamoros -6:40:00 - LMT 1921 Dec 31 23:20:00
2522 -6:00 Mexico C%sT 2010
2524 # Durango; Coahuila, Nuevo León, Tamaulipas (away from US border)
2525 Zone America/Monterrey -6:41:16 - LMT 1921 Dec 31 23:18:44
2530 Zone America/Mexico_City -6:36:36 - LMT 1922 Jan 1 0:23:24
2531 -7:00 - MST 1927 Jun 10 23:00
2532 -6:00 - CST 1930 Nov 15
2533 -7:00 - MST 1931 May 1 23:00
2534 -6:00 - CST 1931 Oct
2535 -7:00 - MST 1932 Apr 1
2536 -6:00 Mexico C%sT 2001 Sep 30 2:00
2537 -6:00 - CST 2002 Feb 20
2539 # Chihuahua (near US border)
2540 # This includes the municipalities of Janos, Ascensión, Juárez, Guadalupe,
2541 # Práxedis G Guerrero, Coyame del Sotol, Ojinaga, and Manuel Benavides.
2542 # (See the 2016-03-12 El Universal source mentioned above.)
2543 Zone America/Ojinaga -6:57:40 - LMT 1922 Jan 1 0:02:20
2544 -7:00 - MST 1927 Jun 10 23:00
2545 -6:00 - CST 1930 Nov 15
2546 -7:00 - MST 1931 May 1 23:00
2547 -6:00 - CST 1931 Oct
2548 -7:00 - MST 1932 Apr 1
2550 -6:00 Mexico C%sT 1998
2551 -6:00 - CST 1998 Apr Sun>=1 3:00
2552 -7:00 Mexico M%sT 2010
2554 # Chihuahua (away from US border)
2555 Zone America/Chihuahua -7:04:20 - LMT 1921 Dec 31 23:55:40
2556 -7:00 - MST 1927 Jun 10 23:00
2557 -6:00 - CST 1930 Nov 15
2558 -7:00 - MST 1931 May 1 23:00
2559 -6:00 - CST 1931 Oct
2560 -7:00 - MST 1932 Apr 1
2562 -6:00 Mexico C%sT 1998
2563 -6:00 - CST 1998 Apr Sun>=1 3:00
2566 Zone America/Hermosillo -7:23:52 - LMT 1921 Dec 31 23:36:08
2567 -7:00 - MST 1927 Jun 10 23:00
2568 -6:00 - CST 1930 Nov 15
2569 -7:00 - MST 1931 May 1 23:00
2570 -6:00 - CST 1931 Oct
2571 -7:00 - MST 1932 Apr 1
2572 -6:00 - CST 1942 Apr 24
2573 -7:00 - MST 1949 Jan 14
2575 -7:00 Mexico M%sT 1999
2578 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-04-21):
2579 # According to news, Bahía de Banderas (Mexican state of Nayarit)
2580 # changed time zone UTC-7 to new time zone UTC-6 on April 4, 2010 (to
2581 # share the same time zone as nearby city Puerto Vallarta, Jalisco).
2584 # Bahía de Banderas homologa su horario al del centro del
2585 # país, a partir de este domingo
2586 # http://www.nayarit.gob.mx/notes.asp?id=20748
2588 # Bahía de Banderas homologa su horario con el del Centro del
2590 # http://www.bahiadebanderas.gob.mx/principal/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=261:bahia-de-banderas-homologa-su-horario-con-el-del-centro-del-pais&catid=42:comunicacion-social&Itemid=50
2593 # Puerto Vallarta and Bahía de Banderas: One Time Zone
2594 # http://virtualvallarta.com/puertovallarta/puertovallarta/localnews/2009-12-03-Puerto-Vallarta-and-Bahia-de-Banderas-One-Time-Zone.shtml
2595 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_mexico08.html
2597 # "Mexico's Senate approved the amendments to the Mexican Schedule System that
2598 # will allow Bahía de Banderas and Puerto Vallarta to share the same time
2600 # Baja California Sur, Nayarit, Sinaloa
2602 # From Arthur David Olson (2010-05-01):
2603 # Use "Bahia_Banderas" to keep the name to fourteen characters.
2606 Zone America/Mazatlan -7:05:40 - LMT 1921 Dec 31 23:54:20
2607 -7:00 - MST 1927 Jun 10 23:00
2608 -6:00 - CST 1930 Nov 15
2609 -7:00 - MST 1931 May 1 23:00
2610 -6:00 - CST 1931 Oct
2611 -7:00 - MST 1932 Apr 1
2612 -6:00 - CST 1942 Apr 24
2613 -7:00 - MST 1949 Jan 14
2618 Zone America/Bahia_Banderas -7:01:00 - LMT 1921 Dec 31 23:59:00
2619 -7:00 - MST 1927 Jun 10 23:00
2620 -6:00 - CST 1930 Nov 15
2621 -7:00 - MST 1931 May 1 23:00
2622 -6:00 - CST 1931 Oct
2623 -7:00 - MST 1932 Apr 1
2624 -6:00 - CST 1942 Apr 24
2625 -7:00 - MST 1949 Jan 14
2627 -7:00 Mexico M%sT 2010 Apr 4 2:00
2631 Zone America/Tijuana -7:48:04 - LMT 1922 Jan 1 0:11:56
2633 -8:00 - PST 1927 Jun 10 23:00
2634 -7:00 - MST 1930 Nov 15
2635 -8:00 - PST 1931 Apr 1
2636 -8:00 1:00 PDT 1931 Sep 30
2637 -8:00 - PST 1942 Apr 24
2638 -8:00 1:00 PWT 1945 Aug 14 23:00u
2639 -8:00 1:00 PPT 1945 Nov 12 # Peace
2640 -8:00 - PST 1948 Apr 5
2641 -8:00 1:00 PDT 1949 Jan 14
2646 -8:00 Mexico P%sT 2001
2647 -8:00 US P%sT 2002 Feb 20
2648 -8:00 Mexico P%sT 2010
2650 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
2651 # Formerly there was an America/Ensenada zone, which differed from
2652 # America/Tijuana only in that it did not observe DST from 1976
2653 # through 1995. This was as per Shanks (1999). But Shanks & Pottenger say
2654 # Ensenada did not observe DST from 1948 through 1975. Guy Harris reports
2655 # that the 1987 OAG says "Only Ensenada, Mexicali, San Felipe and
2656 # Tijuana observe DST," which agrees with Shanks & Pottenger but implies that
2657 # DST-observance was a town-by-town matter back then. This concerns
2658 # data after 1970 so most likely there should be at least one Zone
2659 # other than America/Tijuana for Baja, but it's not clear yet what its
2660 # name or contents should be.
2662 # From Paul Eggert (2015-10-08):
2663 # Formerly there was an America/Santa_Isabel zone, but this appears to
2664 # have come from a misreading of
2665 # http://dof.gob.mx/nota_detalle.php?codigo=5127480&fecha=06/01/2010
2666 # It has been moved to the 'backward' file.
2672 ###############################################################################
2675 # Antigua and Barbuda
2676 # See America/Port_of_Spain.
2680 # For 1899 Milne gives -5:09:29.5; round that.
2682 # From Sue Williams (2006-12-07):
2683 # The Bahamas announced about a month ago that they plan to change their DST
2684 # rules to sync with the U.S. starting in 2007....
2685 # http://www.jonesbahamas.com/?c=45&a=10412
2687 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2688 Rule Bahamas 1964 1975 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
2689 Rule Bahamas 1964 1975 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
2690 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2691 Zone America/Nassau -5:09:30 - LMT 1912 Mar 2
2692 -5:00 Bahamas E%sT 1976
2697 # For 1899 Milne gives -3:58:29.2; round that.
2699 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2700 Rule Barb 1977 only - Jun 12 2:00 1:00 D
2701 Rule Barb 1977 1978 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 0 S
2702 Rule Barb 1978 1980 - Apr Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 D
2703 Rule Barb 1979 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 S
2704 Rule Barb 1980 only - Sep 25 2:00 0 S
2705 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2706 Zone America/Barbados -3:58:29 - LMT 1924 # Bridgetown
2707 -3:58:29 - BMT 1932 # Bridgetown Mean Time
2711 # Whitman entirely disagrees with Shanks; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
2712 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2713 Rule Belize 1918 1942 - Oct Sun>=2 0:00 0:30 HD
2714 Rule Belize 1919 1943 - Feb Sun>=9 0:00 0 S
2715 Rule Belize 1973 only - Dec 5 0:00 1:00 D
2716 Rule Belize 1974 only - Feb 9 0:00 0 S
2717 Rule Belize 1982 only - Dec 18 0:00 1:00 D
2718 Rule Belize 1983 only - Feb 12 0:00 0 S
2719 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2720 Zone America/Belize -5:52:48 - LMT 1912 Apr
2725 # For 1899 Milne gives -4:19:18.3 as the meridian of the clock tower,
2726 # Bermuda dockyard, Ireland I; round that.
2728 # From Dan Jones, reporting in The Royal Gazette (2006-06-26):
2730 # Next year, however, clocks in the US will go forward on the second Sunday
2731 # in March, until the first Sunday in November. And, after the Time Zone
2732 # (Seasonal Variation) Bill 2006 was passed in the House of Assembly on
2733 # Friday, the same thing will happen in Bermuda.
2734 # http://www.theroyalgazette.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20060529/NEWS/105290135
2736 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2737 Zone Atlantic/Bermuda -4:19:18 - LMT 1930 Jan 1 2:00 # Hamilton
2738 -4:00 - AST 1974 Apr 28 2:00
2739 -4:00 Canada A%sT 1976
2743 # See America/Panama.
2747 # Milne gives -5:36:13.3 as San José mean time; round to nearest.
2749 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2750 Rule CR 1979 1980 - Feb lastSun 0:00 1:00 D
2751 Rule CR 1979 1980 - Jun Sun>=1 0:00 0 S
2752 Rule CR 1991 1992 - Jan Sat>=15 0:00 1:00 D
2753 # IATA SSIM (1991-09) says the following was at 1:00;
2754 # go with Shanks & Pottenger.
2755 Rule CR 1991 only - Jul 1 0:00 0 S
2756 Rule CR 1992 only - Mar 15 0:00 0 S
2757 # There are too many San Josés elsewhere, so we'll use 'Costa Rica'.
2758 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2759 Zone America/Costa_Rica -5:36:13 - LMT 1890 # San José
2760 -5:36:13 - SJMT 1921 Jan 15 # San José Mean Time
2763 # no information; probably like America/Costa_Rica
2767 # From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21):
2768 # Milne gives -5:28:50.45 for the observatory at Havana, -5:29:23.57
2769 # for the port, and -5:30 for meteorological observations.
2770 # For now, stick with Shanks & Pottenger.
2772 # From Arthur David Olson (1999-03-29):
2773 # The 1999-03-28 exhibition baseball game held in Havana, Cuba, between
2774 # the Cuban National Team and the Baltimore Orioles was carried live on
2775 # the Orioles Radio Network, including affiliate WTOP in Washington, DC.
2776 # During the game, play-by-play announcer Jim Hunter noted that
2777 # "We'll be losing two hours of sleep...Cuba switched to Daylight Saving
2778 # Time today." (The "two hour" remark referred to losing one hour of
2779 # sleep on 1999-03-28 - when the announcers were in Cuba as it switched
2780 # to DST - and one more hour on 1999-04-04 - when the announcers will have
2781 # returned to Baltimore, which switches on that date.)
2783 # From Steffen Thorsen (2013-11-11):
2784 # DST start in Cuba in 2004 ... does not follow the same rules as the
2785 # years before. The correct date should be Sunday 2004-03-28 00:00 ...
2786 # https://web.archive.org/web/20040402060750/http://www.granma.cu/espanol/2004/marzo/sab27/reloj.html
2788 # From Evert van der Veer via Steffen Thorsen (2004-10-28):
2789 # Cuba is not going back to standard time this year.
2790 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
2791 # http://www.granma.cu/ingles/2004/septiembre/juev30/41medid-i.html
2792 # says that it's due to a problem at the Antonio Guiteras
2793 # thermoelectric plant, and says "This October there will be no return
2794 # to normal hours (after daylight saving time)".
2795 # For now, let's assume that it's a temporary measure.
2797 # From Carlos A. Carnero Delgado (2005-11-12):
2798 # This year (just like in 2004-2005) there's no change in time zone
2799 # adjustment in Cuba. We will stay in daylight saving time:
2800 # http://www.granma.cu/espanol/2005/noviembre/mier9/horario.html
2802 # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-10-21):
2803 # An article in GRANMA INTERNACIONAL claims that Cuba will end
2804 # the 3 years of permanent DST next weekend, see
2805 # http://www.granma.cu/ingles/2006/octubre/lun16/43horario.html
2806 # "On Saturday night, October 28 going into Sunday, October 29, at 01:00,
2807 # watches should be set back one hour - going back to 00:00 hours - returning
2808 # to the normal schedule....
2810 # From Paul Eggert (2007-03-02):
2811 # <http://www.granma.cubaweb.cu/english/news/art89.html>, dated yesterday,
2812 # says Cuban clocks will advance at midnight on March 10.
2813 # For lack of better information, assume Cuba will use US rules,
2814 # except that it switches at midnight standard time as usual.
2816 # From Steffen Thorsen (2007-10-25):
2817 # Carlos Alberto Fonseca Arauz informed me that Cuba will end DST one week
2818 # earlier - on the last Sunday of October, just like in 2006.
2820 # He supplied these references:
2822 # http://www.prensalatina.com.mx/article.asp?ID=%7B4CC32C1B-A9F7-42FB-8A07-8631AFC923AF%7D&language=ES
2823 # http://actualidad.terra.es/sociedad/articulo/cuba_llama_ahorrar_energia_cambio_1957044.htm
2825 # From Alex Krivenyshev (2007-10-25):
2826 # Here is also article from Granma (Cuba):
2828 # Regirá el Horario Normal desde el próximo domingo 28 de octubre
2829 # http://www.granma.cubaweb.cu/2007/10/24/nacional/artic07.html
2831 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_cuba03.html
2833 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-09):
2834 # I'm in Maryland which is now observing United States Eastern Daylight
2835 # Time. At 9:44 local time I used RealPlayer to listen to
2836 # http://media.enet.cu/radioreloj
2837 # a Cuban information station, and heard
2838 # the time announced as "ocho cuarenta y cuatro" ("eight forty-four"),
2839 # indicating that Cuba is still on standard time.
2841 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-03-12):
2842 # It seems that Cuba will start DST on Sunday, 2007-03-16...
2843 # It was announced yesterday, according to this source (in Spanish):
2844 # http://www.nnc.cubaweb.cu/marzo-2008/cien-1-11-3-08.htm
2846 # Some more background information is posted here:
2847 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/cuba-starts-dst-march-16.html
2849 # The article also says that Cuba has been observing DST since 1963,
2850 # while Shanks (and tzdata) has 1965 as the first date (except in the
2851 # 1940's). Many other web pages in Cuba also claim that it has been
2852 # observed since 1963, but with the exception of 1970 - an exception
2853 # which is not present in tzdata/Shanks. So there is a chance we need to
2854 # change some historic records as well.
2857 # http://www.radiohc.cu/espanol/noticias/mar07/11mar/hor.htm
2859 # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2008-03-13):
2860 # The Cuban time change has just been confirmed on the most authoritative
2861 # web site, the Granma. Please check out
2862 # http://www.granma.cubaweb.cu/2008/03/13/nacional/artic10.html
2864 # Basically as expected after Steffen Thorsen's information, the change
2865 # will take place midnight between Saturday and Sunday.
2867 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-12):
2868 # Assume Sun>=15 (third Sunday) going forward.
2870 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-04)
2871 # According to the Radio Reloj - Cuba will start Daylight Saving Time on
2872 # midnight between Saturday, March 07, 2009 and Sunday, March 08, 2009-
2873 # not on midnight March 14 / March 15 as previously thought.
2875 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_cuba05.html
2878 # From Arthur David Olson (2009-03-09)
2879 # I listened over the Internet to
2880 # http://media.enet.cu/readioreloj
2881 # this morning; when it was 10:05 a. m. here in Bethesda, Maryland the
2882 # the time was announced as "diez cinco" - the same time as here, indicating
2883 # that has indeed switched to DST. Assume second Sunday from 2009 forward.
2885 # From Steffen Thorsen (2011-03-08):
2886 # Granma announced that Cuba is going to start DST on 2011-03-20 00:00:00
2887 # this year. Nothing about the end date known so far (if that has
2891 # http://granma.co.cu/2011/03/08/nacional/artic01.html
2894 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/cuba-starts-dst-2011.html
2896 # From Steffen Thorsen (2011-10-30)
2897 # Cuba will end DST two weeks later this year. Instead of going back
2898 # tonight, it has been delayed to 2011-11-13 at 01:00.
2900 # One source (Spanish)
2901 # http://www.radioangulo.cu/noticias/cuba/17105-cuba-restablecera-el-horario-del-meridiano-de-greenwich.html
2904 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/cuba-time-changes-2011.html
2906 # From Steffen Thorsen (2012-03-01)
2907 # According to Radio Reloj, Cuba will start DST on Midnight between March
2910 # Radio Reloj has the following info (Spanish):
2911 # http://www.radioreloj.cu/index.php/noticias-radio-reloj/71-miscelaneas/7529-cuba-aplicara-el-horario-de-verano-desde-el-1-de-abril
2914 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/cuba-starts-dst-2012.html
2916 # From Steffen Thorsen (2012-11-03):
2917 # Radio Reloj and many other sources report that Cuba is changing back
2918 # to standard time on 2012-11-04:
2919 # http://www.radioreloj.cu/index.php/noticias-radio-reloj/36-nacionales/9961-regira-horario-normal-en-cuba-desde-el-domingo-cuatro-de-noviembre
2920 # From Paul Eggert (2012-11-03):
2921 # For now, assume the future rule is first Sunday in November.
2923 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2924 Rule Cuba 1928 only - Jun 10 0:00 1:00 D
2925 Rule Cuba 1928 only - Oct 10 0:00 0 S
2926 Rule Cuba 1940 1942 - Jun Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 D
2927 Rule Cuba 1940 1942 - Sep Sun>=1 0:00 0 S
2928 Rule Cuba 1945 1946 - Jun Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 D
2929 Rule Cuba 1945 1946 - Sep Sun>=1 0:00 0 S
2930 Rule Cuba 1965 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D
2931 Rule Cuba 1965 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 S
2932 Rule Cuba 1966 only - May 29 0:00 1:00 D
2933 Rule Cuba 1966 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 S
2934 Rule Cuba 1967 only - Apr 8 0:00 1:00 D
2935 Rule Cuba 1967 1968 - Sep Sun>=8 0:00 0 S
2936 Rule Cuba 1968 only - Apr 14 0:00 1:00 D
2937 Rule Cuba 1969 1977 - Apr lastSun 0:00 1:00 D
2938 Rule Cuba 1969 1971 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 S
2939 Rule Cuba 1972 1974 - Oct 8 0:00 0 S
2940 Rule Cuba 1975 1977 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 S
2941 Rule Cuba 1978 only - May 7 0:00 1:00 D
2942 Rule Cuba 1978 1990 - Oct Sun>=8 0:00 0 S
2943 Rule Cuba 1979 1980 - Mar Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 D
2944 Rule Cuba 1981 1985 - May Sun>=5 0:00 1:00 D
2945 Rule Cuba 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=14 0:00 1:00 D
2946 Rule Cuba 1990 1997 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 D
2947 Rule Cuba 1991 1995 - Oct Sun>=8 0:00s 0 S
2948 Rule Cuba 1996 only - Oct 6 0:00s 0 S
2949 Rule Cuba 1997 only - Oct 12 0:00s 0 S
2950 Rule Cuba 1998 1999 - Mar lastSun 0:00s 1:00 D
2951 Rule Cuba 1998 2003 - Oct lastSun 0:00s 0 S
2952 Rule Cuba 2000 2003 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00s 1:00 D
2953 Rule Cuba 2004 only - Mar lastSun 0:00s 1:00 D
2954 Rule Cuba 2006 2010 - Oct lastSun 0:00s 0 S
2955 Rule Cuba 2007 only - Mar Sun>=8 0:00s 1:00 D
2956 Rule Cuba 2008 only - Mar Sun>=15 0:00s 1:00 D
2957 Rule Cuba 2009 2010 - Mar Sun>=8 0:00s 1:00 D
2958 Rule Cuba 2011 only - Mar Sun>=15 0:00s 1:00 D
2959 Rule Cuba 2011 only - Nov 13 0:00s 0 S
2960 Rule Cuba 2012 only - Apr 1 0:00s 1:00 D
2961 Rule Cuba 2012 max - Nov Sun>=1 0:00s 0 S
2962 Rule Cuba 2013 max - Mar Sun>=8 0:00s 1:00 D
2964 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2965 Zone America/Havana -5:29:28 - LMT 1890
2966 -5:29:36 - HMT 1925 Jul 19 12:00 # Havana MT
2970 # See America/Port_of_Spain.
2972 # Dominican Republic
2974 # From Steffen Thorsen (2000-10-30):
2975 # Enrique Morales reported to me that the Dominican Republic has changed the
2976 # time zone to Eastern Standard Time as of Sunday 29 at 2 am....
2977 # http://www.listin.com.do/antes/261000/republica/princi.html
2979 # From Paul Eggert (2000-12-04):
2980 # That URL (2000-10-26, in Spanish) says they planned to use US-style DST.
2982 # From Rives McDow (2000-12-01):
2983 # Dominican Republic changed its mind and presidential decree on Tuesday,
2984 # November 28, 2000, with a new decree. On Sunday, December 3 at 1:00 AM the
2985 # Dominican Republic will be reverting to 8 hours from the International Date
2986 # Line, and will not be using DST in the foreseeable future. The reason they
2987 # decided to use DST was to be in synch with Puerto Rico, who was also going
2988 # to implement DST. When Puerto Rico didn't implement DST, the president
2989 # decided to revert.
2992 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2993 Rule DR 1966 only - Oct 30 0:00 1:00 D
2994 Rule DR 1967 only - Feb 28 0:00 0 S
2995 Rule DR 1969 1973 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0:30 HD
2996 Rule DR 1970 only - Feb 21 0:00 0 S
2997 Rule DR 1971 only - Jan 20 0:00 0 S
2998 Rule DR 1972 1974 - Jan 21 0:00 0 S
2999 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
3000 Zone America/Santo_Domingo -4:39:36 - LMT 1890
3001 -4:40 - SDMT 1933 Apr 1 12:00 # S. Dom. MT
3002 -5:00 DR E%sT 1974 Oct 27
3003 -4:00 - AST 2000 Oct 29 2:00
3004 -5:00 US E%sT 2000 Dec 3 1:00
3009 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
3010 Rule Salv 1987 1988 - May Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 D
3011 Rule Salv 1987 1988 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 S
3012 # There are too many San Salvadors elsewhere, so use America/El_Salvador
3013 # instead of America/San_Salvador.
3014 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
3015 Zone America/El_Salvador -5:56:48 - LMT 1921 # San Salvador
3021 # St Martin (French part)
3022 # See America/Port_of_Spain.
3026 # From Gwillim Law (2006-04-22), after a heads-up from Oscar van Vlijmen:
3027 # Diario Co Latino, at
3028 # <http://www.diariocolatino.com/internacionales/detalles.asp?NewsID=8079>,
3029 # says in an article dated 2006-04-19 that the Guatemalan government had
3030 # decided on that date to advance official time by 60 minutes, to lessen the
3031 # impact of the elevated cost of oil.... Daylight saving time will last from
3032 # 2006-04-29 24:00 (Guatemalan standard time) to 2006-09-30 (time unspecified).
3033 # From Paul Eggert (2006-06-22):
3034 # The Ministry of Energy and Mines, press release CP-15/2006
3035 # (2006-04-19), says DST ends at 24:00. See
3036 # http://www.sieca.org.gt/Sitio_publico/Energeticos/Doc/Medidas/Cambio_Horario_Nac_190406.pdf
3038 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
3039 Rule Guat 1973 only - Nov 25 0:00 1:00 D
3040 Rule Guat 1974 only - Feb 24 0:00 0 S
3041 Rule Guat 1983 only - May 21 0:00 1:00 D
3042 Rule Guat 1983 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
3043 Rule Guat 1991 only - Mar 23 0:00 1:00 D
3044 Rule Guat 1991 only - Sep 7 0:00 0 S
3045 Rule Guat 2006 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 D
3046 Rule Guat 2006 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
3047 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
3048 Zone America/Guatemala -6:02:04 - LMT 1918 Oct 5
3052 # From Gwillim Law (2005-04-15):
3053 # Risto O. Nykänen wrote me that Haiti is now on DST.
3054 # I searched for confirmation, and I found a press release
3055 # on the Web page of the Haitian Consulate in Chicago (2005-03-31),
3056 # <http://www.haitianconsulate.org/time.doc>. Translated from French, it says:
3058 # "The Prime Minister's Communication Office notifies the public in general
3059 # and the press in particular that, following a decision of the Interior
3060 # Ministry and the Territorial Collectivities [I suppose that means the
3061 # provinces], Haiti will move to Eastern Daylight Time in the night from next
3062 # Saturday the 2nd to Sunday the 3rd.
3064 # "Consequently, the Prime Minister's Communication Office wishes to inform
3065 # the population that the country's clocks will be set forward one hour
3066 # starting at midnight. This provision will hold until the last Saturday in
3069 # "Port-au-Prince, March 31, 2005"
3071 # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-04-04):
3072 # I have been informed by users that Haiti observes DST this year like
3073 # last year, so the current "only" rule for 2005 might be changed to a
3074 # "max" rule or to last until 2006. (Who knows if they will observe DST
3075 # next year or if they will extend their DST like US/Canada next year).
3077 # I have found this article about it (in French):
3078 # http://www.haitipressnetwork.com/news.cfm?articleID=7612
3080 # The reason seems to be an energy crisis.
3082 # From Stephen Colebourne (2007-02-22):
3083 # Some IATA info: Haiti won't be having DST in 2007.
3085 # From Steffen Thorsen (2012-03-11):
3086 # According to several news sources, Haiti will observe DST this year,
3087 # apparently using the same start and end date as USA/Canada.
3088 # So this means they have already changed their time.
3090 # http://www.alterpresse.org/spip.php?article12510
3091 # http://radiovision2000haiti.net/home/?p=13253
3093 # From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-11):
3094 # The alterpresse.org source seems to show a US-style leap from 2:00 a.m. to
3095 # 3:00 a.m. rather than the traditional Haitian jump at midnight.
3096 # Assume a US-style fall back as well.
3098 # From Steffen Thorsen (2013-03-10):
3099 # It appears that Haiti is observing DST this year as well, same rules
3100 # as US/Canada. They did it last year as well, and it looks like they
3101 # are going to observe DST every year now...
3103 # http://radiovision2000haiti.net/public/haiti-avis-changement-dheure-dimanche/
3104 # http://www.canalplushaiti.net/?p=6714
3106 # From Steffen Thorsen (2016-03-12):
3107 # Jean Antoine, editor of www.haiti-reference.com informed us that Haiti
3108 # are not going on DST this year. Several other resources confirm this: ...
3109 # http://www.radiotelevisioncaraibes.com/presse/heure_d_t_pas_de_changement_d_heure_pr_vu_pour_cet_ann_e.html
3110 # http://www.vantbefinfo.com/changement-dheure-pas-pour-haiti/
3111 # http://news.anmwe.com/haiti-lheure-nationale-ne-sera-ni-avancee-ni-reculee-cette-annee/
3113 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
3114 Rule Haiti 1983 only - May 8 0:00 1:00 D
3115 Rule Haiti 1984 1987 - Apr lastSun 0:00 1:00 D
3116 Rule Haiti 1983 1987 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 S
3117 # Shanks & Pottenger say AT is 2:00, but IATA SSIM (1991/1997) says 1:00s.
3119 Rule Haiti 1988 1997 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 D
3120 Rule Haiti 1988 1997 - Oct lastSun 1:00s 0 S
3121 Rule Haiti 2005 2006 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 D
3122 Rule Haiti 2005 2006 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 S
3123 Rule Haiti 2012 2015 - Mar Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 D
3124 Rule Haiti 2012 2015 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 0 S
3125 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
3126 Zone America/Port-au-Prince -4:49:20 - LMT 1890
3127 -4:49 - PPMT 1917 Jan 24 12:00 # P-a-P MT
3131 # Shanks & Pottenger say 1921 Jan 1; go with Whitman's more precise Apr 1.
3133 # From Paul Eggert (2006-05-05):
3134 # worldtimezone.com reports a 2006-05-02 Spanish-language AP article
3135 # saying Honduras will start using DST midnight Saturday, effective 4
3136 # months until September. La Tribuna reported today
3137 # <http://www.latribuna.hn/99299.html> that Manuel Zelaya, the president
3138 # of Honduras, refused to back down on this.
3140 # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-08-08):
3141 # It seems that Honduras has returned from DST to standard time this Monday at
3142 # 00:00 hours (prolonging Sunday to 25 hours duration).
3143 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_honduras04.html
3145 # From Paul Eggert (2006-08-08):
3146 # Also see Diario El Heraldo, The country returns to standard time (2006-08-08).
3147 # http://www.elheraldo.hn/nota.php?nid=54941&sec=12
3148 # It mentions executive decree 18-2006.
3150 # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-08-17):
3151 # Honduras will observe DST from 2007 to 2009, exact dates are not
3152 # published, I have located this authoritative source:
3153 # http://www.presidencia.gob.hn/noticia.aspx?nId=47
3155 # From Steffen Thorsen (2007-03-30):
3156 # http://www.laprensahn.com/pais_nota.php?id04962=7386
3157 # So it seems that Honduras will not enter DST this year....
3159 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
3160 Rule Hond 1987 1988 - May Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 D
3161 Rule Hond 1987 1988 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 S
3162 Rule Hond 2006 only - May Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 D
3163 Rule Hond 2006 only - Aug Mon>=1 0:00 0 S
3164 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
3165 Zone America/Tegucigalpa -5:48:52 - LMT 1921 Apr
3168 # Great Swan I ceded by US to Honduras in 1972
3171 # Shanks & Pottenger give -5:07:12, but Milne records -5:07:10.41 from an
3172 # unspecified official document, and says "This time is used throughout the
3173 # island". Go with Milne. Round to the nearest second as required by zic.
3175 # Shanks & Pottenger give April 28 for the 1974 spring-forward transition, but
3176 # Lance Neita writes that Prime Minister Michael Manley decreed it January 5.
3177 # Assume Neita meant Jan 6 02:00, the same as the US. Neita also writes that
3178 # Manley's supporters associated this act with Manley's nickname "Joshua"
3179 # (recall that in the Bible the sun stood still at Joshua's request),
3180 # and with the Rod of Correction which Manley said he had received from
3181 # Haile Selassie, Emperor of Ethiopia. See:
3182 # Neita L. The politician in all of us. Jamaica Observer 2014-09-20
3183 # http://www.jamaicaobserver.com/columns/The-politician-in-all-of-us_17573647
3185 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
3186 Zone America/Jamaica -5:07:11 - LMT 1890 # Kingston
3187 -5:07:11 - KMT 1912 Feb # Kingston Mean Time
3193 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
3194 Zone America/Martinique -4:04:20 - LMT 1890 # Fort-de-France
3195 -4:04:20 - FFMT 1911 May # Fort-de-France MT
3196 -4:00 - AST 1980 Apr 6
3197 -4:00 1:00 ADT 1980 Sep 28
3201 # See America/Port_of_Spain.
3205 # This uses Shanks & Pottenger for times before 2005.
3207 # From Steffen Thorsen (2005-04-12):
3208 # I've got reports from 8 different people that Nicaragua just started
3209 # DST on Sunday 2005-04-10, in order to save energy because of
3210 # expensive petroleum. The exact end date for DST is not yet
3211 # announced, only "September" but some sites also say "mid-September".
3212 # Some background information is available on the President's official site:
3213 # http://www.presidencia.gob.ni/Presidencia/Files_index/Secretaria/Notas%20de%20Prensa/Presidente/2005/ABRIL/Gobierno-de-nicaragua-adelanta-hora-oficial-06abril.htm
3214 # The Decree, no 23-2005 is available here:
3215 # http://www.presidencia.gob.ni/buscador_gaceta/BD/DECRETOS/2005/Decreto%2023-2005%20Se%20adelanta%20en%20una%20hora%20en%20todo%20el%20territorio%20nacional%20apartir%20de%20las%2024horas%20del%2009%20de%20Abril.pdf
3217 # From Paul Eggert (2005-05-01):
3218 # The decree doesn't say anything about daylight saving, but for now let's
3219 # assume that it is daylight saving....
3221 # From Gwillim Law (2005-04-21):
3222 # The Associated Press story on the time change, which can be found at
3223 # http://www.lapalmainteractivo.com/guias/content/gen/ap/America_Latina/AMC_GEN_NICARAGUA_HORA.html
3224 # and elsewhere, says (fifth paragraph, translated from Spanish): "The last
3225 # time that a change of clocks was applied to save energy was in the year 2000
3226 # during the Arnoldo Alemán administration."...
3227 # The northamerica file says that Nicaragua has been on UTC-6 continuously
3228 # since December 1998. I wasn't able to find any details of Nicaraguan time
3229 # changes in 2000. Perhaps a note could be added to the northamerica file, to
3230 # the effect that we have indirect evidence that DST was observed in 2000.
3232 # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2005-11-02):
3233 # Nicaragua left DST the 2005-10-02 at 00:00 (local time).
3234 # http://www.presidencia.gob.ni/presidencia/files_index/secretaria/comunicados/2005/septiembre/26septiembre-cambio-hora.htm
3237 # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-05-05):
3238 # http://www.elnuevodiario.com.ni/2006/05/01/nacionales/18410
3239 # (my informal translation)
3240 # By order of the president of the republic, Enrique Bolaños, Nicaragua
3241 # advanced by sixty minutes their official time, yesterday at 2 in the
3242 # morning, and will stay that way until 30th of September.
3244 # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-09-30):
3245 # http://www.presidencia.gob.ni/buscador_gaceta/BD/DECRETOS/2006/D-063-2006P-PRN-Cambio-Hora.pdf
3246 # My informal translation runs:
3247 # The natural sun time is restored in all the national territory, in that the
3248 # time is returned one hour at 01:00 am of October 1 of 2006.
3250 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
3251 Rule Nic 1979 1980 - Mar Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 D
3252 Rule Nic 1979 1980 - Jun Mon>=23 0:00 0 S
3253 Rule Nic 2005 only - Apr 10 0:00 1:00 D
3254 Rule Nic 2005 only - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 0 S
3255 Rule Nic 2006 only - Apr 30 2:00 1:00 D
3256 Rule Nic 2006 only - Oct Sun>=1 1:00 0 S
3257 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
3258 Zone America/Managua -5:45:08 - LMT 1890
3259 -5:45:12 - MMT 1934 Jun 23 # Managua Mean Time?
3260 -6:00 - CST 1973 May
3261 -5:00 - EST 1975 Feb 16
3262 -6:00 Nic C%sT 1992 Jan 1 4:00
3263 -5:00 - EST 1992 Sep 24
3269 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
3270 Zone America/Panama -5:18:08 - LMT 1890
3271 -5:19:36 - CMT 1908 Apr 22 # Colón Mean Time
3273 Link America/Panama America/Cayman
3276 # There are too many San Juans elsewhere, so we'll use 'Puerto_Rico'.
3277 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
3278 Zone America/Puerto_Rico -4:24:25 - LMT 1899 Mar 28 12:00 # San Juan
3279 -4:00 - AST 1942 May 3
3285 # See America/Port_of_Spain.
3287 # St Pierre and Miquelon
3288 # There are too many St Pierres elsewhere, so we'll use 'Miquelon'.
3289 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
3290 Zone America/Miquelon -3:44:40 - LMT 1911 May 15 # St Pierre
3291 -4:00 - AST 1980 May
3292 -3:00 - PMST 1987 # Pierre & Miquelon Time
3295 # St Vincent and the Grenadines
3296 # See America/Port_of_Spain.
3300 # From Chris Dunn in
3301 # http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=415007
3302 # (2007-03-15): In the Turks & Caicos Islands (America/Grand_Turk) the
3303 # daylight saving dates for time changes have been adjusted to match
3304 # the recent U.S. change of dates.
3306 # From Brian Inglis (2007-04-28):
3307 # http://www.turksandcaicos.tc/calendar/index.htm [2007-04-26]
3308 # there is an entry for Nov 4 "Daylight Savings Time Ends 2007" and three
3309 # rows before that there is an out of date entry for Oct:
3310 # "Eastern Standard Times Begins 2007
3311 # Clocks are set back one hour at 2:00 a.m. local Daylight Saving Time"
3312 # indicating that the normal ET rules are followed.
3314 # From Paul Eggert (2014-08-19):
3315 # The 2014-08-13 Cabinet meeting decided to stay on UT -04 year-round. See:
3316 # http://tcweeklynews.com/daylight-savings-time-to-be-maintained-p5353-127.htm
3317 # Model this as a switch from EST/EDT to AST ...
3318 # From Chris Walton (2014-11-04):
3319 # ... the TCI government appears to have delayed the switch to
3320 # "permanent daylight saving time" by one year....
3321 # http://tcweeklynews.com/time-change-to-go-ahead-this-november-p5437-127.htm
3323 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
3324 Zone America/Grand_Turk -4:44:32 - LMT 1890
3325 -5:07:11 - KMT 1912 Feb # Kingston Mean Time
3327 -5:00 US E%sT 2015 Nov Sun>=1 2:00
3332 # See America/Port_of_Spain.
projects / FreeBSD / stable / 10.git / blob