crypto/openssh/ssh-keygen.c

   1 /* $OpenBSD: ssh-keygen.c,v 1.290 2016/05/02 09:36:42 djm Exp $ */
   2 /*
   3  * Author: Tatu Ylonen <ylo@cs.hut.fi>
   4  * Copyright (c) 1994 Tatu Ylonen <ylo@cs.hut.fi>, Espoo, Finland
   5  *                    All rights reserved
   6  * Identity and host key generation and maintenance.
   7  *
   8  * As far as I am concerned, the code I have written for this software
   9  * can be used freely for any purpose.  Any derived versions of this
  10  * software must be clearly marked as such, and if the derived work is
  11  * incompatible with the protocol description in the RFC file, it must be
  12  * called by a name other than "ssh" or "Secure Shell".
  13  */
  14
  15 #include "includes.h"
  16
  17 #include <sys/types.h>
  18 #include <sys/socket.h>
  19 #include <sys/stat.h>
  20
  21 #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
  22 #include <openssl/evp.h>
  23 #include <openssl/pem.h>
  24 #include "openbsd-compat/openssl-compat.h"
  25 #endif
  26
  27 #include <errno.h>
  28 #include <fcntl.h>
  29 #include <netdb.h>
  30 #ifdef HAVE_PATHS_H
  31 # include <paths.h>
  32 #endif
  33 #include <pwd.h>
  34 #include <stdarg.h>
  35 #include <stdio.h>
  36 #include <stdlib.h>
  37 #include <string.h>
  38 #include <unistd.h>
  39 #include <limits.h>
  40
  41 #include "xmalloc.h"
  42 #include "sshkey.h"
  43 #include "rsa.h"
  44 #include "authfile.h"
  45 #include "uuencode.h"
  46 #include "sshbuf.h"
  47 #include "pathnames.h"
  48 #include "log.h"
  49 #include "misc.h"
  50 #include "match.h"
  51 #include "hostfile.h"
  52 #include "dns.h"
  53 #include "ssh.h"
  54 #include "ssh2.h"
  55 #include "ssherr.h"
  56 #include "ssh-pkcs11.h"
  57 #include "atomicio.h"
  58 #include "krl.h"
  59 #include "digest.h"
  60
  61 #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
  62 # define DEFAULT_KEY_TYPE_NAME "rsa"
  63 #else
  64 # define DEFAULT_KEY_TYPE_NAME "ed25519"
  65 #endif
  66
  67 /* Number of bits in the RSA/DSA key.  This value can be set on the command line. */
  68 #define DEFAULT_BITS            2048
  69 #define DEFAULT_BITS_DSA        1024
  70 #define DEFAULT_BITS_ECDSA      256
  71 u_int32_t bits = 0;
  72
  73 /*
  74  * Flag indicating that we just want to change the passphrase.  This can be
  75  * set on the command line.
  76  */
  77 int change_passphrase = 0;
  78
  79 /*
  80  * Flag indicating that we just want to change the comment.  This can be set
  81  * on the command line.
  82  */
  83 int change_comment = 0;
  84
  85 int quiet = 0;
  86
  87 int log_level = SYSLOG_LEVEL_INFO;
  88
  89 /* Flag indicating that we want to hash a known_hosts file */
  90 int hash_hosts = 0;
  91 /* Flag indicating that we want lookup a host in known_hosts file */
  92 int find_host = 0;
  93 /* Flag indicating that we want to delete a host from a known_hosts file */
  94 int delete_host = 0;
  95
  96 /* Flag indicating that we want to show the contents of a certificate */
  97 int show_cert = 0;
  98
  99 /* Flag indicating that we just want to see the key fingerprint */
 100 int print_fingerprint = 0;
 101 int print_bubblebabble = 0;
 102
 103 /* Hash algorithm to use for fingerprints. */
 104 int fingerprint_hash = SSH_FP_HASH_DEFAULT;
 105
 106 /* The identity file name, given on the command line or entered by the user. */
 107 char identity_file[1024];
 108 int have_identity = 0;
 109
 110 /* This is set to the passphrase if given on the command line. */
 111 char *identity_passphrase = NULL;
 112
 113 /* This is set to the new passphrase if given on the command line. */
 114 char *identity_new_passphrase = NULL;
 115
 116 /* This is set to the new comment if given on the command line. */
 117 char *identity_comment = NULL;
 118
 119 /* Path to CA key when certifying keys. */
 120 char *ca_key_path = NULL;
 121
 122 /* Certificate serial number */
 123 unsigned long long cert_serial = 0;
 124
 125 /* Key type when certifying */
 126 u_int cert_key_type = SSH2_CERT_TYPE_USER;
 127
 128 /* "key ID" of signed key */
 129 char *cert_key_id = NULL;
 130
 131 /* Comma-separated list of principal names for certifying keys */
 132 char *cert_principals = NULL;
 133
 134 /* Validity period for certificates */
 135 u_int64_t cert_valid_from = 0;
 136 u_int64_t cert_valid_to = ~0ULL;
 137
 138 /* Certificate options */
 139 #define CERTOPT_X_FWD   (1)
 140 #define CERTOPT_AGENT_FWD       (1<<1)
 141 #define CERTOPT_PORT_FWD        (1<<2)
 142 #define CERTOPT_PTY             (1<<3)
 143 #define CERTOPT_USER_RC (1<<4)
 144 #define CERTOPT_DEFAULT (CERTOPT_X_FWD|CERTOPT_AGENT_FWD| \
 145                          CERTOPT_PORT_FWD|CERTOPT_PTY|CERTOPT_USER_RC)
 146 u_int32_t certflags_flags = CERTOPT_DEFAULT;
 147 char *certflags_command = NULL;
 148 char *certflags_src_addr = NULL;
 149
 150 /* Conversion to/from various formats */
 151 int convert_to = 0;
 152 int convert_from = 0;
 153 enum {
 154         FMT_RFC4716,
 155         FMT_PKCS8,
 156         FMT_PEM
 157 } convert_format = FMT_RFC4716;
 158 int print_public = 0;
 159 int print_generic = 0;
 160
 161 char *key_type_name = NULL;
 162
 163 /* Load key from this PKCS#11 provider */
 164 char *pkcs11provider = NULL;
 165
 166 /* Use new OpenSSH private key format when writing SSH2 keys instead of PEM */
 167 int use_new_format = 0;
 168
 169 /* Cipher for new-format private keys */
 170 char *new_format_cipher = NULL;
 171
 172 /*
 173  * Number of KDF rounds to derive new format keys /
 174  * number of primality trials when screening moduli.
 175  */
 176 int rounds = 0;
 177
 178 /* argv0 */
 179 extern char *__progname;
 180
 181 char hostname[NI_MAXHOST];
 182
 183 #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
 184 /* moduli.c */
 185 int gen_candidates(FILE *, u_int32_t, u_int32_t, BIGNUM *);
 186 int prime_test(FILE *, FILE *, u_int32_t, u_int32_t, char *, unsigned long,
 187     unsigned long);
 188 #endif
 189
 190 static void
 191 type_bits_valid(int type, const char *name, u_int32_t *bitsp)
 192 {
 193 #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
 194         u_int maxbits, nid;
 195 #endif
 196
 197         if (type == KEY_UNSPEC)
 198                 fatal("unknown key type %s", key_type_name);
 199         if (*bitsp == 0) {
 200 #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
 201                 if (type == KEY_DSA)
 202                         *bitsp = DEFAULT_BITS_DSA;
 203                 else if (type == KEY_ECDSA) {
 204                         if (name != NULL &&
 205                             (nid = sshkey_ecdsa_nid_from_name(name)) > 0)
 206                                 *bitsp = sshkey_curve_nid_to_bits(nid);
 207                         if (*bitsp == 0)
 208                                 *bitsp = DEFAULT_BITS_ECDSA;
 209                 } else
 210 #endif
 211                         *bitsp = DEFAULT_BITS;
 212         }
 213 #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
 214         maxbits = (type == KEY_DSA) ?
 215             OPENSSL_DSA_MAX_MODULUS_BITS : OPENSSL_RSA_MAX_MODULUS_BITS;
 216         if (*bitsp > maxbits)
 217                 fatal("key bits exceeds maximum %d", maxbits);
 218         if (type == KEY_DSA && *bitsp != 1024)
 219                 fatal("DSA keys must be 1024 bits");
 220         else if (type != KEY_ECDSA && type != KEY_ED25519 && *bitsp < 1024)
 221                 fatal("Key must at least be 1024 bits");
 222         else if (type == KEY_ECDSA && sshkey_ecdsa_bits_to_nid(*bitsp) == -1)
 223                 fatal("Invalid ECDSA key length - valid lengths are "
 224                     "256, 384 or 521 bits");
 225 #endif
 226 }
 227
 228 static void
 229 ask_filename(struct passwd *pw, const char *prompt)
 230 {
 231         char buf[1024];
 232         char *name = NULL;
 233
 234         if (key_type_name == NULL)
 235                 name = _PATH_SSH_CLIENT_ID_RSA;
 236         else {
 237                 switch (sshkey_type_from_name(key_type_name)) {
 238                 case KEY_RSA1:
 239                         name = _PATH_SSH_CLIENT_IDENTITY;
 240                         break;
 241                 case KEY_DSA_CERT:
 242                 case KEY_DSA:
 243                         name = _PATH_SSH_CLIENT_ID_DSA;
 244                         break;
 245 #ifdef OPENSSL_HAS_ECC
 246                 case KEY_ECDSA_CERT:
 247                 case KEY_ECDSA:
 248                         name = _PATH_SSH_CLIENT_ID_ECDSA;
 249                         break;
 250 #endif
 251                 case KEY_RSA_CERT:
 252                 case KEY_RSA:
 253                         name = _PATH_SSH_CLIENT_ID_RSA;
 254                         break;
 255                 case KEY_ED25519:
 256                 case KEY_ED25519_CERT:
 257                         name = _PATH_SSH_CLIENT_ID_ED25519;
 258                         break;
 259                 default:
 260                         fatal("bad key type");
 261                 }
 262         }
 263         snprintf(identity_file, sizeof(identity_file),
 264             "%s/%s", pw->pw_dir, name);
 265         printf("%s (%s): ", prompt, identity_file);
 266         fflush(stdout);
 267         if (fgets(buf, sizeof(buf), stdin) == NULL)
 268                 exit(1);
 269         buf[strcspn(buf, "\n")] = '\0';
 270         if (strcmp(buf, "") != 0)
 271                 strlcpy(identity_file, buf, sizeof(identity_file));
 272         have_identity = 1;
 273 }
 274
 275 static struct sshkey *
 276 load_identity(char *filename)
 277 {
 278         char *pass;
 279         struct sshkey *prv;
 280         int r;
 281
 282         if ((r = sshkey_load_private(filename, "", &prv, NULL)) == 0)
 283                 return prv;
 284         if (r != SSH_ERR_KEY_WRONG_PASSPHRASE)
 285                 fatal("Load key \"%s\": %s", filename, ssh_err(r));
 286         if (identity_passphrase)
 287                 pass = xstrdup(identity_passphrase);
 288         else
 289                 pass = read_passphrase("Enter passphrase: ", RP_ALLOW_STDIN);
 290         r = sshkey_load_private(filename, pass, &prv, NULL);
 291         explicit_bzero(pass, strlen(pass));
 292         free(pass);
 293         if (r != 0)
 294                 fatal("Load key \"%s\": %s", filename, ssh_err(r));
 295         return prv;
 296 }
 297
 298 #define SSH_COM_PUBLIC_BEGIN            "---- BEGIN SSH2 PUBLIC KEY ----"
 299 #define SSH_COM_PUBLIC_END              "---- END SSH2 PUBLIC KEY ----"
 300 #define SSH_COM_PRIVATE_BEGIN           "---- BEGIN SSH2 ENCRYPTED PRIVATE KEY ----"
 301 #define SSH_COM_PRIVATE_KEY_MAGIC       0x3f6ff9eb
 302
 303 #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
 304 static void
 305 do_convert_to_ssh2(struct passwd *pw, struct sshkey *k)
 306 {
 307         size_t len;
 308         u_char *blob;
 309         char comment[61];
 310         int r;
 311
 312         if (k->type == KEY_RSA1)
 313                 fatal("version 1 keys are not supported");
 314         if ((r = sshkey_to_blob(k, &blob, &len)) != 0)
 315                 fatal("key_to_blob failed: %s", ssh_err(r));
 316         /* Comment + surrounds must fit into 72 chars (RFC 4716 sec 3.3) */
 317         snprintf(comment, sizeof(comment),
 318             "%u-bit %s, converted by %s@%s from OpenSSH",
 319             sshkey_size(k), sshkey_type(k),
 320             pw->pw_name, hostname);
 321
 322         fprintf(stdout, "%s\n", SSH_COM_PUBLIC_BEGIN);
 323         fprintf(stdout, "Comment: \"%s\"\n", comment);
 324         dump_base64(stdout, blob, len);
 325         fprintf(stdout, "%s\n", SSH_COM_PUBLIC_END);
 326         sshkey_free(k);
 327         free(blob);
 328         exit(0);
 329 }
 330
 331 static void
 332 do_convert_to_pkcs8(struct sshkey *k)
 333 {
 334         switch (sshkey_type_plain(k->type)) {
 335         case KEY_RSA1:
 336         case KEY_RSA:
 337                 if (!PEM_write_RSA_PUBKEY(stdout, k->rsa))
 338                         fatal("PEM_write_RSA_PUBKEY failed");
 339                 break;
 340         case KEY_DSA:
 341                 if (!PEM_write_DSA_PUBKEY(stdout, k->dsa))
 342                         fatal("PEM_write_DSA_PUBKEY failed");
 343                 break;
 344 #ifdef OPENSSL_HAS_ECC
 345         case KEY_ECDSA:
 346                 if (!PEM_write_EC_PUBKEY(stdout, k->ecdsa))
 347                         fatal("PEM_write_EC_PUBKEY failed");
 348                 break;
 349 #endif
 350         default:
 351                 fatal("%s: unsupported key type %s", __func__, sshkey_type(k));
 352         }
 353         exit(0);
 354 }
 355
 356 static void
 357 do_convert_to_pem(struct sshkey *k)
 358 {
 359         switch (sshkey_type_plain(k->type)) {
 360         case KEY_RSA1:
 361         case KEY_RSA:
 362                 if (!PEM_write_RSAPublicKey(stdout, k->rsa))
 363                         fatal("PEM_write_RSAPublicKey failed");
 364                 break;
 365 #if notyet /* OpenSSH 0.9.8 lacks this function */
 366         case KEY_DSA:
 367                 if (!PEM_write_DSAPublicKey(stdout, k->dsa))
 368                         fatal("PEM_write_DSAPublicKey failed");
 369                 break;
 370 #endif
 371         /* XXX ECDSA? */
 372         default:
 373                 fatal("%s: unsupported key type %s", __func__, sshkey_type(k));
 374         }
 375         exit(0);
 376 }
 377
 378 static void
 379 do_convert_to(struct passwd *pw)
 380 {
 381         struct sshkey *k;
 382         struct stat st;
 383         int r;
 384
 385         if (!have_identity)
 386                 ask_filename(pw, "Enter file in which the key is");
 387         if (stat(identity_file, &st) < 0)
 388                 fatal("%s: %s: %s", __progname, identity_file, strerror(errno));
 389         if ((r = sshkey_load_public(identity_file, &k, NULL)) != 0)
 390                 k = load_identity(identity_file);
 391         switch (convert_format) {
 392         case FMT_RFC4716:
 393                 do_convert_to_ssh2(pw, k);
 394                 break;
 395         case FMT_PKCS8:
 396                 do_convert_to_pkcs8(k);
 397                 break;
 398         case FMT_PEM:
 399                 do_convert_to_pem(k);
 400                 break;
 401         default:
 402                 fatal("%s: unknown key format %d", __func__, convert_format);
 403         }
 404         exit(0);
 405 }
 406
 407 /*
 408  * This is almost exactly the bignum1 encoding, but with 32 bit for length
 409  * instead of 16.
 410  */
 411 static void
 412 buffer_get_bignum_bits(struct sshbuf *b, BIGNUM *value)
 413 {
 414         u_int bytes, bignum_bits;
 415         int r;
 416
 417         if ((r = sshbuf_get_u32(b, &bignum_bits)) != 0)
 418                 fatal("%s: buffer error: %s", __func__, ssh_err(r));
 419         bytes = (bignum_bits + 7) / 8;
 420         if (sshbuf_len(b) < bytes)
 421                 fatal("%s: input buffer too small: need %d have %zu",
 422                     __func__, bytes, sshbuf_len(b));
 423         if (BN_bin2bn(sshbuf_ptr(b), bytes, value) == NULL)
 424                 fatal("%s: BN_bin2bn failed", __func__);
 425         if ((r = sshbuf_consume(b, bytes)) != 0)
 426                 fatal("%s: buffer error: %s", __func__, ssh_err(r));
 427 }
 428
 429 static struct sshkey *
 430 do_convert_private_ssh2_from_blob(u_char *blob, u_int blen)
 431 {
 432         struct sshbuf *b;
 433         struct sshkey *key = NULL;
 434         char *type, *cipher;
 435         u_char e1, e2, e3, *sig = NULL, data[] = "abcde12345";
 436         int r, rlen, ktype;
 437         u_int magic, i1, i2, i3, i4;
 438         size_t slen;
 439         u_long e;
 440
 441         if ((b = sshbuf_from(blob, blen)) == NULL)
 442                 fatal("%s: sshbuf_from failed", __func__);
 443         if ((r = sshbuf_get_u32(b, &magic)) != 0)
 444                 fatal("%s: buffer error: %s", __func__, ssh_err(r));
 445
 446         if (magic != SSH_COM_PRIVATE_KEY_MAGIC) {
 447                 error("bad magic 0x%x != 0x%x", magic,
 448                     SSH_COM_PRIVATE_KEY_MAGIC);
 449                 sshbuf_free(b);
 450                 return NULL;
 451         }
 452         if ((r = sshbuf_get_u32(b, &i1)) != 0 ||
 453             (r = sshbuf_get_cstring(b, &type, NULL)) != 0 ||
 454             (r = sshbuf_get_cstring(b, &cipher, NULL)) != 0 ||
 455             (r = sshbuf_get_u32(b, &i2)) != 0 ||
 456             (r = sshbuf_get_u32(b, &i3)) != 0 ||
 457             (r = sshbuf_get_u32(b, &i4)) != 0)
 458                 fatal("%s: buffer error: %s", __func__, ssh_err(r));
 459         debug("ignore (%d %d %d %d)", i1, i2, i3, i4);
 460         if (strcmp(cipher, "none") != 0) {
 461                 error("unsupported cipher %s", cipher);
 462                 free(cipher);
 463                 sshbuf_free(b);
 464                 free(type);
 465                 return NULL;
 466         }
 467         free(cipher);
 468
 469         if (strstr(type, "dsa")) {
 470                 ktype = KEY_DSA;
 471         } else if (strstr(type, "rsa")) {
 472                 ktype = KEY_RSA;
 473         } else {
 474                 sshbuf_free(b);
 475                 free(type);
 476                 return NULL;
 477         }
 478         if ((key = sshkey_new_private(ktype)) == NULL)
 479                 fatal("key_new_private failed");
 480         free(type);
 481
 482         switch (key->type) {
 483         case KEY_DSA:
 484                 buffer_get_bignum_bits(b, key->dsa->p);
 485                 buffer_get_bignum_bits(b, key->dsa->g);
 486                 buffer_get_bignum_bits(b, key->dsa->q);
 487                 buffer_get_bignum_bits(b, key->dsa->pub_key);
 488                 buffer_get_bignum_bits(b, key->dsa->priv_key);
 489                 break;
 490         case KEY_RSA:
 491                 if ((r = sshbuf_get_u8(b, &e1)) != 0 ||
 492                     (e1 < 30 && (r = sshbuf_get_u8(b, &e2)) != 0) ||
 493                     (e1 < 30 && (r = sshbuf_get_u8(b, &e3)) != 0))
 494                         fatal("%s: buffer error: %s", __func__, ssh_err(r));
 495                 e = e1;
 496                 debug("e %lx", e);
 497                 if (e < 30) {
 498                         e <<= 8;
 499                         e += e2;
 500                         debug("e %lx", e);
 501                         e <<= 8;
 502                         e += e3;
 503                         debug("e %lx", e);
 504                 }
 505                 if (!BN_set_word(key->rsa->e, e)) {
 506                         sshbuf_free(b);
 507                         sshkey_free(key);
 508                         return NULL;
 509                 }
 510                 buffer_get_bignum_bits(b, key->rsa->d);
 511                 buffer_get_bignum_bits(b, key->rsa->n);
 512                 buffer_get_bignum_bits(b, key->rsa->iqmp);
 513                 buffer_get_bignum_bits(b, key->rsa->q);
 514                 buffer_get_bignum_bits(b, key->rsa->p);
 515                 if ((r = rsa_generate_additional_parameters(key->rsa)) != 0)
 516                         fatal("generate RSA parameters failed: %s", ssh_err(r));
 517                 break;
 518         }
 519         rlen = sshbuf_len(b);
 520         if (rlen != 0)
 521                 error("do_convert_private_ssh2_from_blob: "
 522                     "remaining bytes in key blob %d", rlen);
 523         sshbuf_free(b);
 524
 525         /* try the key */
 526         if (sshkey_sign(key, &sig, &slen, data, sizeof(data), NULL, 0) != 0 ||
 527             sshkey_verify(key, sig, slen, data, sizeof(data), 0) != 0) {
 528                 sshkey_free(key);
 529                 free(sig);
 530                 return NULL;
 531         }
 532         free(sig);
 533         return key;
 534 }
 535
 536 static int
 537 get_line(FILE *fp, char *line, size_t len)
 538 {
 539         int c;
 540         size_t pos = 0;
 541
 542         line[0] = '\0';
 543         while ((c = fgetc(fp)) != EOF) {
 544                 if (pos >= len - 1)
 545                         fatal("input line too long.");
 546                 switch (c) {
 547                 case '\r':
 548                         c = fgetc(fp);
 549                         if (c != EOF && c != '\n' && ungetc(c, fp) == EOF)
 550                                 fatal("unget: %s", strerror(errno));
 551                         return pos;
 552                 case '\n':
 553                         return pos;
 554                 }
 555                 line[pos++] = c;
 556                 line[pos] = '\0';
 557         }
 558         /* We reached EOF */
 559         return -1;
 560 }
 561
 562 static void
 563 do_convert_from_ssh2(struct passwd *pw, struct sshkey **k, int *private)
 564 {
 565         int r, blen, escaped = 0;
 566         u_int len;
 567         char line[1024];
 568         u_char blob[8096];
 569         char encoded[8096];
 570         FILE *fp;
 571
 572         if ((fp = fopen(identity_file, "r")) == NULL)
 573                 fatal("%s: %s: %s", __progname, identity_file, strerror(errno));
 574         encoded[0] = '\0';
 575         while ((blen = get_line(fp, line, sizeof(line))) != -1) {
 576                 if (blen > 0 && line[blen - 1] == '\\')
 577                         escaped++;
 578                 if (strncmp(line, "----", 4) == 0 ||
 579                     strstr(line, ": ") != NULL) {
 580                         if (strstr(line, SSH_COM_PRIVATE_BEGIN) != NULL)
 581                                 *private = 1;
 582                         if (strstr(line, " END ") != NULL) {
 583                                 break;
 584                         }
 585                         /* fprintf(stderr, "ignore: %s", line); */
 586                         continue;
 587                 }
 588                 if (escaped) {
 589                         escaped--;
 590                         /* fprintf(stderr, "escaped: %s", line); */
 591                         continue;
 592                 }
 593                 strlcat(encoded, line, sizeof(encoded));
 594         }
 595         len = strlen(encoded);
 596         if (((len % 4) == 3) &&
 597             (encoded[len-1] == '=') &&
 598             (encoded[len-2] == '=') &&
 599             (encoded[len-3] == '='))
 600                 encoded[len-3] = '\0';
 601         blen = uudecode(encoded, blob, sizeof(blob));
 602         if (blen < 0)
 603                 fatal("uudecode failed.");
 604         if (*private)
 605                 *k = do_convert_private_ssh2_from_blob(blob, blen);
 606         else if ((r = sshkey_from_blob(blob, blen, k)) != 0)
 607                 fatal("decode blob failed: %s", ssh_err(r));
 608         fclose(fp);
 609 }
 610
 611 static void
 612 do_convert_from_pkcs8(struct sshkey **k, int *private)
 613 {
 614         EVP_PKEY *pubkey;
 615         FILE *fp;
 616
 617         if ((fp = fopen(identity_file, "r")) == NULL)
 618                 fatal("%s: %s: %s", __progname, identity_file, strerror(errno));
 619         if ((pubkey = PEM_read_PUBKEY(fp, NULL, NULL, NULL)) == NULL) {
 620                 fatal("%s: %s is not a recognised public key format", __func__,
 621                     identity_file);
 622         }
 623         fclose(fp);
 624         switch (EVP_PKEY_type(pubkey->type)) {
 625         case EVP_PKEY_RSA:
 626                 if ((*k = sshkey_new(KEY_UNSPEC)) == NULL)
 627                         fatal("sshkey_new failed");
 628                 (*k)->type = KEY_RSA;
 629                 (*k)->rsa = EVP_PKEY_get1_RSA(pubkey);
 630                 break;
 631         case EVP_PKEY_DSA:
 632                 if ((*k = sshkey_new(KEY_UNSPEC)) == NULL)
 633                         fatal("sshkey_new failed");
 634                 (*k)->type = KEY_DSA;
 635                 (*k)->dsa = EVP_PKEY_get1_DSA(pubkey);
 636                 break;
 637 #ifdef OPENSSL_HAS_ECC
 638         case EVP_PKEY_EC:
 639                 if ((*k = sshkey_new(KEY_UNSPEC)) == NULL)
 640                         fatal("sshkey_new failed");
 641                 (*k)->type = KEY_ECDSA;
 642                 (*k)->ecdsa = EVP_PKEY_get1_EC_KEY(pubkey);
 643                 (*k)->ecdsa_nid = sshkey_ecdsa_key_to_nid((*k)->ecdsa);
 644                 break;
 645 #endif
 646         default:
 647                 fatal("%s: unsupported pubkey type %d", __func__,
 648                     EVP_PKEY_type(pubkey->type));
 649         }
 650         EVP_PKEY_free(pubkey);
 651         return;
 652 }
 653
 654 static void
 655 do_convert_from_pem(struct sshkey **k, int *private)
 656 {
 657         FILE *fp;
 658         RSA *rsa;
 659 #ifdef notyet
 660         DSA *dsa;
 661 #endif
 662
 663         if ((fp = fopen(identity_file, "r")) == NULL)
 664                 fatal("%s: %s: %s", __progname, identity_file, strerror(errno));
 665         if ((rsa = PEM_read_RSAPublicKey(fp, NULL, NULL, NULL)) != NULL) {
 666                 if ((*k = sshkey_new(KEY_UNSPEC)) == NULL)
 667                         fatal("sshkey_new failed");
 668                 (*k)->type = KEY_RSA;
 669                 (*k)->rsa = rsa;
 670                 fclose(fp);
 671                 return;
 672         }
 673 #if notyet /* OpenSSH 0.9.8 lacks this function */
 674         rewind(fp);
 675         if ((dsa = PEM_read_DSAPublicKey(fp, NULL, NULL, NULL)) != NULL) {
 676                 if ((*k = sshkey_new(KEY_UNSPEC)) == NULL)
 677                         fatal("sshkey_new failed");
 678                 (*k)->type = KEY_DSA;
 679                 (*k)->dsa = dsa;
 680                 fclose(fp);
 681                 return;
 682         }
 683         /* XXX ECDSA */
 684 #endif
 685         fatal("%s: unrecognised raw private key format", __func__);
 686 }
 687
 688 static void
 689 do_convert_from(struct passwd *pw)
 690 {
 691         struct sshkey *k = NULL;
 692         int r, private = 0, ok = 0;
 693         struct stat st;
 694
 695         if (!have_identity)
 696                 ask_filename(pw, "Enter file in which the key is");
 697         if (stat(identity_file, &st) < 0)
 698                 fatal("%s: %s: %s", __progname, identity_file, strerror(errno));
 699
 700         switch (convert_format) {
 701         case FMT_RFC4716:
 702                 do_convert_from_ssh2(pw, &k, &private);
 703                 break;
 704         case FMT_PKCS8:
 705                 do_convert_from_pkcs8(&k, &private);
 706                 break;
 707         case FMT_PEM:
 708                 do_convert_from_pem(&k, &private);
 709                 break;
 710         default:
 711                 fatal("%s: unknown key format %d", __func__, convert_format);
 712         }
 713
 714         if (!private) {
 715                 if ((r = sshkey_write(k, stdout)) == 0)
 716                         ok = 1;
 717                 if (ok)
 718                         fprintf(stdout, "\n");
 719         } else {
 720                 switch (k->type) {
 721                 case KEY_DSA:
 722                         ok = PEM_write_DSAPrivateKey(stdout, k->dsa, NULL,
 723                             NULL, 0, NULL, NULL);
 724                         break;
 725 #ifdef OPENSSL_HAS_ECC
 726                 case KEY_ECDSA:
 727                         ok = PEM_write_ECPrivateKey(stdout, k->ecdsa, NULL,
 728                             NULL, 0, NULL, NULL);
 729                         break;
 730 #endif
 731                 case KEY_RSA:
 732                         ok = PEM_write_RSAPrivateKey(stdout, k->rsa, NULL,
 733                             NULL, 0, NULL, NULL);
 734                         break;
 735                 default:
 736                         fatal("%s: unsupported key type %s", __func__,
 737                             sshkey_type(k));
 738                 }
 739         }
 740
 741         if (!ok)
 742                 fatal("key write failed");
 743         sshkey_free(k);
 744         exit(0);
 745 }
 746 #endif
 747
 748 static void
 749 do_print_public(struct passwd *pw)
 750 {
 751         struct sshkey *prv;
 752         struct stat st;
 753         int r;
 754
 755         if (!have_identity)
 756                 ask_filename(pw, "Enter file in which the key is");
 757         if (stat(identity_file, &st) < 0)
 758                 fatal("%s: %s", identity_file, strerror(errno));
 759         prv = load_identity(identity_file);
 760         if ((r = sshkey_write(prv, stdout)) != 0)
 761                 error("key_write failed: %s", ssh_err(r));
 762         sshkey_free(prv);
 763         fprintf(stdout, "\n");
 764         exit(0);
 765 }
 766
 767 static void
 768 do_download(struct passwd *pw)
 769 {
 770 #ifdef ENABLE_PKCS11
 771         struct sshkey **keys = NULL;
 772         int i, nkeys;
 773         enum sshkey_fp_rep rep;
 774         int fptype;
 775         char *fp, *ra;
 776
 777         fptype = print_bubblebabble ? SSH_DIGEST_SHA1 : fingerprint_hash;
 778         rep =    print_bubblebabble ? SSH_FP_BUBBLEBABBLE : SSH_FP_DEFAULT;
 779
 780         pkcs11_init(0);
 781         nkeys = pkcs11_add_provider(pkcs11provider, NULL, &keys);
 782         if (nkeys <= 0)
 783                 fatal("cannot read public key from pkcs11");
 784         for (i = 0; i < nkeys; i++) {
 785                 if (print_fingerprint) {
 786                         fp = sshkey_fingerprint(keys[i], fptype, rep);
 787                         ra = sshkey_fingerprint(keys[i], fingerprint_hash,
 788                             SSH_FP_RANDOMART);
 789                         if (fp == NULL || ra == NULL)
 790                                 fatal("%s: sshkey_fingerprint fail", __func__);
 791                         printf("%u %s %s (PKCS11 key)\n", sshkey_size(keys[i]),
 792                             fp, sshkey_type(keys[i]));
 793                         if (log_level >= SYSLOG_LEVEL_VERBOSE)
 794                                 printf("%s\n", ra);
 795                         free(ra);
 796                         free(fp);
 797                 } else {
 798                         (void) sshkey_write(keys[i], stdout); /* XXX check */
 799                         fprintf(stdout, "\n");
 800                 }
 801                 sshkey_free(keys[i]);
 802         }
 803         free(keys);
 804         pkcs11_terminate();
 805         exit(0);
 806 #else
 807         fatal("no pkcs11 support");
 808 #endif /* ENABLE_PKCS11 */
 809 }
 810
 811 static struct sshkey *
 812 try_read_key(char **cpp)
 813 {
 814         struct sshkey *ret;
 815         int r;
 816
 817         if ((ret = sshkey_new(KEY_RSA1)) == NULL)
 818                 fatal("sshkey_new failed");
 819         /* Try RSA1 */
 820         if ((r = sshkey_read(ret, cpp)) == 0)
 821                 return ret;
 822         /* Try modern */
 823         sshkey_free(ret);
 824         if ((ret = sshkey_new(KEY_UNSPEC)) == NULL)
 825                 fatal("sshkey_new failed");
 826         if ((r = sshkey_read(ret, cpp)) == 0)
 827                 return ret;
 828         /* Not a key */
 829         sshkey_free(ret);
 830         return NULL;
 831 }
 832
 833 static void
 834 fingerprint_one_key(const struct sshkey *public, const char *comment)
 835 {
 836         char *fp = NULL, *ra = NULL;
 837         enum sshkey_fp_rep rep;
 838         int fptype;
 839
 840         fptype = print_bubblebabble ? SSH_DIGEST_SHA1 : fingerprint_hash;
 841         rep =    print_bubblebabble ? SSH_FP_BUBBLEBABBLE : SSH_FP_DEFAULT;
 842         fp = sshkey_fingerprint(public, fptype, rep);
 843         ra = sshkey_fingerprint(public, fingerprint_hash, SSH_FP_RANDOMART);
 844         if (fp == NULL || ra == NULL)
 845                 fatal("%s: sshkey_fingerprint failed", __func__);
 846         printf("%u %s %s (%s)\n", sshkey_size(public), fp,
 847             comment ? comment : "no comment", sshkey_type(public));
 848         if (log_level >= SYSLOG_LEVEL_VERBOSE)
 849                 printf("%s\n", ra);
 850         free(ra);
 851         free(fp);
 852 }
 853
 854 static void
 855 fingerprint_private(const char *path)
 856 {
 857         struct stat st;
 858         char *comment = NULL;
 859         struct sshkey *public = NULL;
 860         int r;
 861
 862         if (stat(identity_file, &st) < 0)
 863                 fatal("%s: %s", path, strerror(errno));
 864         if ((r = sshkey_load_public(path, &public, &comment)) != 0) {
 865                 debug("load public \"%s\": %s", path, ssh_err(r));
 866                 if ((r = sshkey_load_private(path, NULL,
 867                     &public, &comment)) != 0) {
 868                         debug("load private \"%s\": %s", path, ssh_err(r));
 869                         fatal("%s is not a key file.", path);
 870                 }
 871         }
 872
 873         fingerprint_one_key(public, comment);
 874         sshkey_free(public);
 875         free(comment);
 876 }
 877
 878 static void
 879 do_fingerprint(struct passwd *pw)
 880 {
 881         FILE *f;
 882         struct sshkey *public = NULL;
 883         char *comment = NULL, *cp, *ep, line[SSH_MAX_PUBKEY_BYTES];
 884         int i, invalid = 1;
 885         const char *path;
 886         u_long lnum = 0;
 887
 888         if (!have_identity)
 889                 ask_filename(pw, "Enter file in which the key is");
 890         path = identity_file;
 891
 892         if (strcmp(identity_file, "-") == 0) {
 893                 f = stdin;
 894                 path = "(stdin)";
 895         } else if ((f = fopen(path, "r")) == NULL)
 896                 fatal("%s: %s: %s", __progname, path, strerror(errno));
 897
 898         while (read_keyfile_line(f, path, line, sizeof(line), &lnum) == 0) {
 899                 cp = line;
 900                 cp[strcspn(cp, "\n")] = '\0';
 901                 /* Trim leading space and comments */
 902                 cp = line + strspn(line, " \t");
 903                 if (*cp == '#' || *cp == '\0')
 904                         continue;
 905
 906                 /*
 907                  * Input may be plain keys, private keys, authorized_keys
 908                  * or known_hosts.
 909                  */
 910
 911                 /*
 912                  * Try private keys first. Assume a key is private if
 913                  * "SSH PRIVATE KEY" appears on the first line and we're
 914                  * not reading from stdin (XXX support private keys on stdin).
 915                  */
 916                 if (lnum == 1 && strcmp(identity_file, "-") != 0 &&
 917                     strstr(cp, "PRIVATE KEY") != NULL) {
 918                         fclose(f);
 919                         fingerprint_private(path);
 920                         exit(0);
 921                 }
 922
 923                 /*
 924                  * If it's not a private key, then this must be prepared to
 925                  * accept a public key prefixed with a hostname or options.
 926                  * Try a bare key first, otherwise skip the leading stuff.
 927                  */
 928                 if ((public = try_read_key(&cp)) == NULL) {
 929                         i = strtol(cp, &ep, 10);
 930                         if (i == 0 || ep == NULL ||
 931                             (*ep != ' ' && *ep != '\t')) {
 932                                 int quoted = 0;
 933
 934                                 comment = cp;
 935                                 for (; *cp && (quoted || (*cp != ' ' &&
 936                                     *cp != '\t')); cp++) {
 937                                         if (*cp == '\\' && cp[1] == '"')
 938                                                 cp++;   /* Skip both */
 939                                         else if (*cp == '"')
 940                                                 quoted = !quoted;
 941                                 }
 942                                 if (!*cp)
 943                                         continue;
 944                                 *cp++ = '\0';
 945                         }
 946                 }
 947                 /* Retry after parsing leading hostname/key options */
 948                 if (public == NULL && (public = try_read_key(&cp)) == NULL) {
 949                         debug("%s:%lu: not a public key", path, lnum);
 950                         continue;
 951                 }
 952
 953                 /* Find trailing comment, if any */
 954                 for (; *cp == ' ' || *cp == '\t'; cp++)
 955                         ;
 956                 if (*cp != '\0' && *cp != '#')
 957                         comment = cp;
 958
 959                 fingerprint_one_key(public, comment);
 960                 sshkey_free(public);
 961                 invalid = 0; /* One good key in the file is sufficient */
 962         }
 963         fclose(f);
 964
 965         if (invalid)
 966                 fatal("%s is not a public key file.", path);
 967         exit(0);
 968 }
 969
 970 static void
 971 do_gen_all_hostkeys(struct passwd *pw)
 972 {
 973         struct {
 974                 char *key_type;
 975                 char *key_type_display;
 976                 char *path;
 977         } key_types[] = {
 978 #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
 979 #ifdef WITH_SSH1
 980                 { "rsa1", "RSA1", _PATH_HOST_KEY_FILE },
 981 #endif /* WITH_SSH1 */
 982                 { "rsa", "RSA" ,_PATH_HOST_RSA_KEY_FILE },
 983                 { "dsa", "DSA", _PATH_HOST_DSA_KEY_FILE },
 984 #ifdef OPENSSL_HAS_ECC
 985                 { "ecdsa", "ECDSA",_PATH_HOST_ECDSA_KEY_FILE },
 986 #endif /* OPENSSL_HAS_ECC */
 987 #endif /* WITH_OPENSSL */
 988                 { "ed25519", "ED25519",_PATH_HOST_ED25519_KEY_FILE },
 989                 { NULL, NULL, NULL }
 990         };
 991
 992         int first = 0;
 993         struct stat st;
 994         struct sshkey *private, *public;
 995         char comment[1024];
 996         int i, type, fd, r;
 997         FILE *f;
 998
 999         for (i = 0; key_types[i].key_type; i++) {
1000                 if (stat(key_types[i].path, &st) == 0)
1001                         continue;
1002                 if (errno != ENOENT) {
1003                         error("Could not stat %s: %s", key_types[i].path,
1004                             strerror(errno));
1005                         first = 0;
1006                         continue;
1007                 }
1008
1009                 if (first == 0) {
1010                         first = 1;
1011                         printf("%s: generating new host keys: ", __progname);
1012                 }
1013                 printf("%s ", key_types[i].key_type_display);
1014                 fflush(stdout);
1015                 type = sshkey_type_from_name(key_types[i].key_type);
1016                 strlcpy(identity_file, key_types[i].path, sizeof(identity_file));
1017                 bits = 0;
1018                 type_bits_valid(type, NULL, &bits);
1019                 if ((r = sshkey_generate(type, bits, &private)) != 0) {
1020                         error("key_generate failed: %s", ssh_err(r));
1021                         first = 0;
1022                         continue;
1023                 }
1024                 if ((r = sshkey_from_private(private, &public)) != 0)
1025                         fatal("sshkey_from_private failed: %s", ssh_err(r));
1026                 snprintf(comment, sizeof comment, "%s@%s", pw->pw_name,
1027                     hostname);
1028                 if ((r = sshkey_save_private(private, identity_file, "",
1029                     comment, use_new_format, new_format_cipher, rounds)) != 0) {
1030                         error("Saving key \"%s\" failed: %s",
1031                             identity_file, ssh_err(r));
1032                         sshkey_free(private);
1033                         sshkey_free(public);
1034                         first = 0;
1035                         continue;
1036                 }
1037                 sshkey_free(private);
1038                 strlcat(identity_file, ".pub", sizeof(identity_file));
1039                 fd = open(identity_file, O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC, 0644);
1040                 if (fd == -1) {
1041                         error("Could not save your public key in %s",
1042                             identity_file);
1043                         sshkey_free(public);
1044                         first = 0;
1045                         continue;
1046                 }
1047                 f = fdopen(fd, "w");
1048                 if (f == NULL) {
1049                         error("fdopen %s failed", identity_file);
1050                         close(fd);
1051                         sshkey_free(public);
1052                         first = 0;
1053                         continue;
1054                 }
1055                 if ((r = sshkey_write(public, f)) != 0) {
1056                         error("write key failed: %s", ssh_err(r));
1057                         fclose(f);
1058                         sshkey_free(public);
1059                         first = 0;
1060                         continue;
1061                 }
1062                 fprintf(f, " %s\n", comment);
1063                 fclose(f);
1064                 sshkey_free(public);
1065
1066         }
1067         if (first != 0)
1068                 printf("\n");
1069 }
1070
1071 struct known_hosts_ctx {
1072         const char *host;       /* Hostname searched for in find/delete case */
1073         FILE *out;              /* Output file, stdout for find_hosts case */
1074         int has_unhashed;       /* When hashing, original had unhashed hosts */
1075         int found_key;          /* For find/delete, host was found */
1076         int invalid;            /* File contained invalid items; don't delete */
1077 };
1078
1079 static int
1080 known_hosts_hash(struct hostkey_foreach_line *l, void *_ctx)
1081 {
1082         struct known_hosts_ctx *ctx = (struct known_hosts_ctx *)_ctx;
1083         char *hashed, *cp, *hosts, *ohosts;
1084         int has_wild = l->hosts && strcspn(l->hosts, "*?!") != strlen(l->hosts);
1085
1086         switch (l->status) {
1087         case HKF_STATUS_OK:
1088         case HKF_STATUS_MATCHED:
1089                 /*
1090                  * Don't hash hosts already already hashed, with wildcard
1091                  * characters or a CA/revocation marker.
1092                  */
1093                 if ((l->match & HKF_MATCH_HOST_HASHED) != 0 ||
1094                     has_wild || l->marker != MRK_NONE) {
1095                         fprintf(ctx->out, "%s\n", l->line);
1096                         if (has_wild && !find_host) {
1097                                 logit("%s:%ld: ignoring host name "
1098                                     "with wildcard: %.64s", l->path,
1099                                     l->linenum, l->hosts);
1100                         }
1101                         return 0;
1102                 }
1103                 /*
1104                  * Split any comma-separated hostnames from the host list,
1105                  * hash and store separately.
1106                  */
1107                 ohosts = hosts = xstrdup(l->hosts);
1108                 while ((cp = strsep(&hosts, ",")) != NULL && *cp != '\0') {
1109                         if ((hashed = host_hash(cp, NULL, 0)) == NULL)
1110                                 fatal("hash_host failed");
1111                         fprintf(ctx->out, "%s %s\n", hashed, l->rawkey);
1112                         ctx->has_unhashed = 1;
1113                 }
1114                 free(ohosts);
1115                 return 0;
1116         case HKF_STATUS_INVALID:
1117                 /* Retain invalid lines, but mark file as invalid. */
1118                 ctx->invalid = 1;
1119                 logit("%s:%ld: invalid line", l->path, l->linenum);
1120                 /* FALLTHROUGH */
1121         default:
1122                 fprintf(ctx->out, "%s\n", l->line);
1123                 return 0;
1124         }
1125         /* NOTREACHED */
1126         return -1;
1127 }
1128
1129 static int
1130 known_hosts_find_delete(struct hostkey_foreach_line *l, void *_ctx)
1131 {
1132         struct known_hosts_ctx *ctx = (struct known_hosts_ctx *)_ctx;
1133         enum sshkey_fp_rep rep;
1134         int fptype;
1135         char *fp;
1136
1137         fptype = print_bubblebabble ? SSH_DIGEST_SHA1 : fingerprint_hash;
1138         rep =    print_bubblebabble ? SSH_FP_BUBBLEBABBLE : SSH_FP_DEFAULT;
1139
1140         if (l->status == HKF_STATUS_MATCHED) {
1141                 if (delete_host) {
1142                         if (l->marker != MRK_NONE) {
1143                                 /* Don't remove CA and revocation lines */
1144                                 fprintf(ctx->out, "%s\n", l->line);
1145                         } else {
1146                                 /*
1147                                  * Hostname matches and has no CA/revoke
1148                                  * marker, delete it by *not* writing the
1149                                  * line to ctx->out.
1150                                  */
1151                                 ctx->found_key = 1;
1152                                 if (!quiet)
1153                                         printf("# Host %s found: line %ld\n",
1154                                             ctx->host, l->linenum);
1155                         }
1156                         return 0;
1157                 } else if (find_host) {
1158                         ctx->found_key = 1;
1159                         if (!quiet) {
1160                                 printf("# Host %s found: line %ld %s\n",
1161                                     ctx->host,
1162                                     l->linenum, l->marker == MRK_CA ? "CA" :
1163                                     (l->marker == MRK_REVOKE ? "REVOKED" : ""));
1164                         }
1165                         if (hash_hosts)
1166                                 known_hosts_hash(l, ctx);
1167                         else if (print_fingerprint) {
1168                                 fp = sshkey_fingerprint(l->key, fptype, rep);
1169                                 printf("%s %s %s %s\n", ctx->host,
1170                                     sshkey_type(l->key), fp, l->comment);
1171                                 free(fp);
1172                         } else
1173                                 fprintf(ctx->out, "%s\n", l->line);
1174                         return 0;
1175                 }
1176         } else if (delete_host) {
1177                 /* Retain non-matching hosts when deleting */
1178                 if (l->status == HKF_STATUS_INVALID) {
1179                         ctx->invalid = 1;
1180                         logit("%s:%ld: invalid line", l->path, l->linenum);
1181                 }
1182                 fprintf(ctx->out, "%s\n", l->line);
1183         }
1184         return 0;
1185 }
1186
1187 static void
1188 do_known_hosts(struct passwd *pw, const char *name)
1189 {
1190         char *cp, tmp[PATH_MAX], old[PATH_MAX];
1191         int r, fd, oerrno, inplace = 0;
1192         struct known_hosts_ctx ctx;
1193         u_int foreach_options;
1194
1195         if (!have_identity) {
1196                 cp = tilde_expand_filename(_PATH_SSH_USER_HOSTFILE, pw->pw_uid);
1197                 if (strlcpy(identity_file, cp, sizeof(identity_file)) >=
1198                     sizeof(identity_file))
1199                         fatal("Specified known hosts path too long");
1200                 free(cp);
1201                 have_identity = 1;
1202         }
1203
1204         memset(&ctx, 0, sizeof(ctx));
1205         ctx.out = stdout;
1206         ctx.host = name;
1207
1208         /*
1209          * Find hosts goes to stdout, hash and deletions happen in-place
1210          * A corner case is ssh-keygen -HF foo, which should go to stdout
1211          */
1212         if (!find_host && (hash_hosts || delete_host)) {
1213                 if (strlcpy(tmp, identity_file, sizeof(tmp)) >= sizeof(tmp) ||
1214                     strlcat(tmp, ".XXXXXXXXXX", sizeof(tmp)) >= sizeof(tmp) ||
1215                     strlcpy(old, identity_file, sizeof(old)) >= sizeof(old) ||
1216                     strlcat(old, ".old", sizeof(old)) >= sizeof(old))
1217                         fatal("known_hosts path too long");
1218                 umask(077);
1219                 if ((fd = mkstemp(tmp)) == -1)
1220                         fatal("mkstemp: %s", strerror(errno));
1221                 if ((ctx.out = fdopen(fd, "w")) == NULL) {
1222                         oerrno = errno;
1223                         unlink(tmp);
1224                         fatal("fdopen: %s", strerror(oerrno));
1225                 }
1226                 inplace = 1;
1227         }
1228
1229         /* XXX support identity_file == "-" for stdin */
1230         foreach_options = find_host ? HKF_WANT_MATCH : 0;
1231         foreach_options |= print_fingerprint ? HKF_WANT_PARSE_KEY : 0;
1232         if ((r = hostkeys_foreach(identity_file,
1233             hash_hosts ? known_hosts_hash : known_hosts_find_delete, &ctx,
1234             name, NULL, foreach_options)) != 0) {
1235                 if (inplace)
1236                         unlink(tmp);
1237                 fatal("%s: hostkeys_foreach failed: %s", __func__, ssh_err(r));
1238         }
1239
1240         if (inplace)
1241                 fclose(ctx.out);
1242
1243         if (ctx.invalid) {
1244                 error("%s is not a valid known_hosts file.", identity_file);
1245                 if (inplace) {
1246                         error("Not replacing existing known_hosts "
1247                             "file because of errors");
1248                         unlink(tmp);
1249                 }
1250                 exit(1);
1251         } else if (delete_host && !ctx.found_key) {
1252                 logit("Host %s not found in %s", name, identity_file);
1253                 if (inplace)
1254                         unlink(tmp);
1255         } else if (inplace) {
1256                 /* Backup existing file */
1257                 if (unlink(old) == -1 && errno != ENOENT)
1258                         fatal("unlink %.100s: %s", old, strerror(errno));
1259                 if (link(identity_file, old) == -1)
1260                         fatal("link %.100s to %.100s: %s", identity_file, old,
1261                             strerror(errno));
1262                 /* Move new one into place */
1263                 if (rename(tmp, identity_file) == -1) {
1264                         error("rename\"%s\" to \"%s\": %s", tmp, identity_file,
1265                             strerror(errno));
1266                         unlink(tmp);
1267                         unlink(old);
1268                         exit(1);
1269                 }
1270
1271                 printf("%s updated.\n", identity_file);
1272                 printf("Original contents retained as %s\n", old);
1273                 if (ctx.has_unhashed) {
1274                         logit("WARNING: %s contains unhashed entries", old);
1275                         logit("Delete this file to ensure privacy "
1276                             "of hostnames");
1277                 }
1278         }
1279
1280         exit (find_host && !ctx.found_key);
1281 }
1282
1283 /*
1284  * Perform changing a passphrase.  The argument is the passwd structure
1285  * for the current user.
1286  */
1287 static void
1288 do_change_passphrase(struct passwd *pw)
1289 {
1290         char *comment;
1291         char *old_passphrase, *passphrase1, *passphrase2;
1292         struct stat st;
1293         struct sshkey *private;
1294         int r;
1295
1296         if (!have_identity)
1297                 ask_filename(pw, "Enter file in which the key is");
1298         if (stat(identity_file, &st) < 0)
1299                 fatal("%s: %s", identity_file, strerror(errno));
1300         /* Try to load the file with empty passphrase. */
1301         r = sshkey_load_private(identity_file, "", &private, &comment);
1302         if (r == SSH_ERR_KEY_WRONG_PASSPHRASE) {
1303                 if (identity_passphrase)
1304                         old_passphrase = xstrdup(identity_passphrase);
1305                 else
1306                         old_passphrase =
1307                             read_passphrase("Enter old passphrase: ",
1308                             RP_ALLOW_STDIN);
1309                 r = sshkey_load_private(identity_file, old_passphrase,
1310                     &private, &comment);
1311                 explicit_bzero(old_passphrase, strlen(old_passphrase));
1312                 free(old_passphrase);
1313                 if (r != 0)
1314                         goto badkey;
1315         } else if (r != 0) {
1316  badkey:
1317                 fatal("Failed to load key %s: %s", identity_file, ssh_err(r));
1318         }
1319         if (comment)
1320                 printf("Key has comment '%s'\n", comment);
1321
1322         /* Ask the new passphrase (twice). */
1323         if (identity_new_passphrase) {
1324                 passphrase1 = xstrdup(identity_new_passphrase);
1325                 passphrase2 = NULL;
1326         } else {
1327                 passphrase1 =
1328                         read_passphrase("Enter new passphrase (empty for no "
1329                             "passphrase): ", RP_ALLOW_STDIN);
1330                 passphrase2 = read_passphrase("Enter same passphrase again: ",
1331                     RP_ALLOW_STDIN);
1332
1333                 /* Verify that they are the same. */
1334                 if (strcmp(passphrase1, passphrase2) != 0) {
1335                         explicit_bzero(passphrase1, strlen(passphrase1));
1336                         explicit_bzero(passphrase2, strlen(passphrase2));
1337                         free(passphrase1);
1338                         free(passphrase2);
1339                         printf("Pass phrases do not match.  Try again.\n");
1340                         exit(1);
1341                 }
1342                 /* Destroy the other copy. */
1343                 explicit_bzero(passphrase2, strlen(passphrase2));
1344                 free(passphrase2);
1345         }
1346
1347         /* Save the file using the new passphrase. */
1348         if ((r = sshkey_save_private(private, identity_file, passphrase1,
1349             comment, use_new_format, new_format_cipher, rounds)) != 0) {
1350                 error("Saving key \"%s\" failed: %s.",
1351                     identity_file, ssh_err(r));
1352                 explicit_bzero(passphrase1, strlen(passphrase1));
1353                 free(passphrase1);
1354                 sshkey_free(private);
1355                 free(comment);
1356                 exit(1);
1357         }
1358         /* Destroy the passphrase and the copy of the key in memory. */
1359         explicit_bzero(passphrase1, strlen(passphrase1));
1360         free(passphrase1);
1361         sshkey_free(private);            /* Destroys contents */
1362         free(comment);
1363
1364         printf("Your identification has been saved with the new passphrase.\n");
1365         exit(0);
1366 }
1367
1368 /*
1369  * Print the SSHFP RR.
1370  */
1371 static int
1372 do_print_resource_record(struct passwd *pw, char *fname, char *hname)
1373 {
1374         struct sshkey *public;
1375         char *comment = NULL;
1376         struct stat st;
1377         int r;
1378
1379         if (fname == NULL)
1380                 fatal("%s: no filename", __func__);
1381         if (stat(fname, &st) < 0) {
1382                 if (errno == ENOENT)
1383                         return 0;
1384                 fatal("%s: %s", fname, strerror(errno));
1385         }
1386         if ((r = sshkey_load_public(fname, &public, &comment)) != 0)
1387                 fatal("Failed to read v2 public key from \"%s\": %s.",
1388                     fname, ssh_err(r));
1389         export_dns_rr(hname, public, stdout, print_generic);
1390         sshkey_free(public);
1391         free(comment);
1392         return 1;
1393 }
1394
1395 /*
1396  * Change the comment of a private key file.
1397  */
1398 static void
1399 do_change_comment(struct passwd *pw)
1400 {
1401         char new_comment[1024], *comment, *passphrase;
1402         struct sshkey *private;
1403         struct sshkey *public;
1404         struct stat st;
1405         FILE *f;
1406         int r, fd;
1407
1408         if (!have_identity)
1409                 ask_filename(pw, "Enter file in which the key is");
1410         if (stat(identity_file, &st) < 0)
1411                 fatal("%s: %s", identity_file, strerror(errno));
1412         if ((r = sshkey_load_private(identity_file, "",
1413             &private, &comment)) == 0)
1414                 passphrase = xstrdup("");
1415         else if (r != SSH_ERR_KEY_WRONG_PASSPHRASE)
1416                 fatal("Cannot load private key \"%s\": %s.",
1417                     identity_file, ssh_err(r));
1418         else {
1419                 if (identity_passphrase)
1420                         passphrase = xstrdup(identity_passphrase);
1421                 else if (identity_new_passphrase)
1422                         passphrase = xstrdup(identity_new_passphrase);
1423                 else
1424                         passphrase = read_passphrase("Enter passphrase: ",
1425                             RP_ALLOW_STDIN);
1426                 /* Try to load using the passphrase. */
1427                 if ((r = sshkey_load_private(identity_file, passphrase,
1428                     &private, &comment)) != 0) {
1429                         explicit_bzero(passphrase, strlen(passphrase));
1430                         free(passphrase);
1431                         fatal("Cannot load private key \"%s\": %s.",
1432                             identity_file, ssh_err(r));
1433                 }
1434         }
1435
1436         if (private->type != KEY_RSA1 && private->type != KEY_ED25519 &&
1437             !use_new_format) {
1438                 error("Comments are only supported for RSA1 or keys stored in "
1439                     "the new format (-o).");
1440                 explicit_bzero(passphrase, strlen(passphrase));
1441                 sshkey_free(private);
1442                 exit(1);
1443         }
1444         printf("Key now has comment '%s'\n", comment);
1445
1446         if (identity_comment) {
1447                 strlcpy(new_comment, identity_comment, sizeof(new_comment));
1448         } else {
1449                 printf("Enter new comment: ");
1450                 fflush(stdout);
1451                 if (!fgets(new_comment, sizeof(new_comment), stdin)) {
1452                         explicit_bzero(passphrase, strlen(passphrase));
1453                         sshkey_free(private);
1454                         exit(1);
1455                 }
1456                 new_comment[strcspn(new_comment, "\n")] = '\0';
1457         }
1458
1459         /* Save the file using the new passphrase. */
1460         if ((r = sshkey_save_private(private, identity_file, passphrase,
1461             new_comment, use_new_format, new_format_cipher, rounds)) != 0) {
1462                 error("Saving key \"%s\" failed: %s",
1463                     identity_file, ssh_err(r));
1464                 explicit_bzero(passphrase, strlen(passphrase));
1465                 free(passphrase);
1466                 sshkey_free(private);
1467                 free(comment);
1468                 exit(1);
1469         }
1470         explicit_bzero(passphrase, strlen(passphrase));
1471         free(passphrase);
1472         if ((r = sshkey_from_private(private, &public)) != 0)
1473                 fatal("key_from_private failed: %s", ssh_err(r));
1474         sshkey_free(private);
1475
1476         strlcat(identity_file, ".pub", sizeof(identity_file));
1477         fd = open(identity_file, O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC, 0644);
1478         if (fd == -1)
1479                 fatal("Could not save your public key in %s", identity_file);
1480         f = fdopen(fd, "w");
1481         if (f == NULL)
1482                 fatal("fdopen %s failed: %s", identity_file, strerror(errno));
1483         if ((r = sshkey_write(public, f)) != 0)
1484                 fatal("write key failed: %s", ssh_err(r));
1485         sshkey_free(public);
1486         fprintf(f, " %s\n", new_comment);
1487         fclose(f);
1488
1489         free(comment);
1490
1491         printf("The comment in your key file has been changed.\n");
1492         exit(0);
1493 }
1494
1495 static void
1496 add_flag_option(struct sshbuf *c, const char *name)
1497 {
1498         int r;
1499
1500         debug3("%s: %s", __func__, name);
1501         if ((r = sshbuf_put_cstring(c, name)) != 0 ||
1502             (r = sshbuf_put_string(c, NULL, 0)) != 0)
1503                 fatal("%s: buffer error: %s", __func__, ssh_err(r));
1504 }
1505
1506 static void
1507 add_string_option(struct sshbuf *c, const char *name, const char *value)
1508 {
1509         struct sshbuf *b;
1510         int r;
1511
1512         debug3("%s: %s=%s", __func__, name, value);
1513         if ((b = sshbuf_new()) == NULL)
1514                 fatal("%s: sshbuf_new failed", __func__);
1515         if ((r = sshbuf_put_cstring(b, value)) != 0 ||
1516             (r = sshbuf_put_cstring(c, name)) != 0 ||
1517             (r = sshbuf_put_stringb(c, b)) != 0)
1518                 fatal("%s: buffer error: %s", __func__, ssh_err(r));
1519
1520         sshbuf_free(b);
1521 }
1522
1523 #define OPTIONS_CRITICAL        1
1524 #define OPTIONS_EXTENSIONS      2
1525 static void
1526 prepare_options_buf(struct sshbuf *c, int which)
1527 {
1528         sshbuf_reset(c);
1529         if ((which & OPTIONS_CRITICAL) != 0 &&
1530             certflags_command != NULL)
1531                 add_string_option(c, "force-command", certflags_command);
1532         if ((which & OPTIONS_EXTENSIONS) != 0 &&
1533             (certflags_flags & CERTOPT_X_FWD) != 0)
1534                 add_flag_option(c, "permit-X11-forwarding");
1535         if ((which & OPTIONS_EXTENSIONS) != 0 &&
1536             (certflags_flags & CERTOPT_AGENT_FWD) != 0)
1537                 add_flag_option(c, "permit-agent-forwarding");
1538         if ((which & OPTIONS_EXTENSIONS) != 0 &&
1539             (certflags_flags & CERTOPT_PORT_FWD) != 0)
1540                 add_flag_option(c, "permit-port-forwarding");
1541         if ((which & OPTIONS_EXTENSIONS) != 0 &&
1542             (certflags_flags & CERTOPT_PTY) != 0)
1543                 add_flag_option(c, "permit-pty");
1544         if ((which & OPTIONS_EXTENSIONS) != 0 &&
1545             (certflags_flags & CERTOPT_USER_RC) != 0)
1546                 add_flag_option(c, "permit-user-rc");
1547         if ((which & OPTIONS_CRITICAL) != 0 &&
1548             certflags_src_addr != NULL)
1549                 add_string_option(c, "source-address", certflags_src_addr);
1550 }
1551
1552 static struct sshkey *
1553 load_pkcs11_key(char *path)
1554 {
1555 #ifdef ENABLE_PKCS11
1556         struct sshkey **keys = NULL, *public, *private = NULL;
1557         int r, i, nkeys;
1558
1559         if ((r = sshkey_load_public(path, &public, NULL)) != 0)
1560                 fatal("Couldn't load CA public key \"%s\": %s",
1561                     path, ssh_err(r));
1562
1563         nkeys = pkcs11_add_provider(pkcs11provider, identity_passphrase, &keys);
1564         debug3("%s: %d keys", __func__, nkeys);
1565         if (nkeys <= 0)
1566                 fatal("cannot read public key from pkcs11");
1567         for (i = 0; i < nkeys; i++) {
1568                 if (sshkey_equal_public(public, keys[i])) {
1569                         private = keys[i];
1570                         continue;
1571                 }
1572                 sshkey_free(keys[i]);
1573         }
1574         free(keys);
1575         sshkey_free(public);
1576         return private;
1577 #else
1578         fatal("no pkcs11 support");
1579 #endif /* ENABLE_PKCS11 */
1580 }
1581
1582 static void
1583 do_ca_sign(struct passwd *pw, int argc, char **argv)
1584 {
1585         int r, i, fd;
1586         u_int n;
1587         struct sshkey *ca, *public;
1588         char valid[64], *otmp, *tmp, *cp, *out, *comment, **plist = NULL;
1589         FILE *f;
1590
1591 #ifdef ENABLE_PKCS11
1592         pkcs11_init(1);
1593 #endif
1594         tmp = tilde_expand_filename(ca_key_path, pw->pw_uid);
1595         if (pkcs11provider != NULL) {
1596                 if ((ca = load_pkcs11_key(tmp)) == NULL)
1597                         fatal("No PKCS#11 key matching %s found", ca_key_path);
1598         } else
1599                 ca = load_identity(tmp);
1600         free(tmp);
1601
1602         if (key_type_name != NULL &&
1603             sshkey_type_from_name(key_type_name) != ca->type)  {
1604                 fatal("CA key type %s doesn't match specified %s",
1605                     sshkey_ssh_name(ca), key_type_name);
1606         }
1607
1608         for (i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
1609                 /* Split list of principals */
1610                 n = 0;
1611                 if (cert_principals != NULL) {
1612                         otmp = tmp = xstrdup(cert_principals);
1613                         plist = NULL;
1614                         for (; (cp = strsep(&tmp, ",")) != NULL; n++) {
1615                                 plist = xreallocarray(plist, n + 1, sizeof(*plist));
1616                                 if (*(plist[n] = xstrdup(cp)) == '\0')
1617                                         fatal("Empty principal name");
1618                         }
1619                         free(otmp);
1620                 }
1621
1622                 tmp = tilde_expand_filename(argv[i], pw->pw_uid);
1623                 if ((r = sshkey_load_public(tmp, &public, &comment)) != 0)
1624                         fatal("%s: unable to open \"%s\": %s",
1625                             __func__, tmp, ssh_err(r));
1626                 if (public->type != KEY_RSA && public->type != KEY_DSA &&
1627                     public->type != KEY_ECDSA && public->type != KEY_ED25519)
1628                         fatal("%s: key \"%s\" type %s cannot be certified",
1629                             __func__, tmp, sshkey_type(public));
1630
1631                 /* Prepare certificate to sign */
1632                 if ((r = sshkey_to_certified(public)) != 0)
1633                         fatal("Could not upgrade key %s to certificate: %s",
1634                             tmp, ssh_err(r));
1635                 public->cert->type = cert_key_type;
1636                 public->cert->serial = (u_int64_t)cert_serial;
1637                 public->cert->key_id = xstrdup(cert_key_id);
1638                 public->cert->nprincipals = n;
1639                 public->cert->principals = plist;
1640                 public->cert->valid_after = cert_valid_from;
1641                 public->cert->valid_before = cert_valid_to;
1642                 prepare_options_buf(public->cert->critical, OPTIONS_CRITICAL);
1643                 prepare_options_buf(public->cert->extensions,
1644                     OPTIONS_EXTENSIONS);
1645                 if ((r = sshkey_from_private(ca,
1646                     &public->cert->signature_key)) != 0)
1647                         fatal("key_from_private (ca key): %s", ssh_err(r));
1648
1649                 if ((r = sshkey_certify(public, ca, key_type_name)) != 0)
1650                         fatal("Couldn't certify key %s: %s", tmp, ssh_err(r));
1651
1652                 if ((cp = strrchr(tmp, '.')) != NULL && strcmp(cp, ".pub") == 0)
1653                         *cp = '\0';
1654                 xasprintf(&out, "%s-cert.pub", tmp);
1655                 free(tmp);
1656
1657                 if ((fd = open(out, O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_TRUNC, 0644)) == -1)
1658                         fatal("Could not open \"%s\" for writing: %s", out,
1659                             strerror(errno));
1660                 if ((f = fdopen(fd, "w")) == NULL)
1661                         fatal("%s: fdopen: %s", __func__, strerror(errno));
1662                 if ((r = sshkey_write(public, f)) != 0)
1663                         fatal("Could not write certified key to %s: %s",
1664                             out, ssh_err(r));
1665                 fprintf(f, " %s\n", comment);
1666                 fclose(f);
1667
1668                 if (!quiet) {
1669                         sshkey_format_cert_validity(public->cert,
1670                             valid, sizeof(valid));
1671                         logit("Signed %s key %s: id \"%s\" serial %llu%s%s "
1672                             "valid %s", sshkey_cert_type(public),
1673                             out, public->cert->key_id,
1674                             (unsigned long long)public->cert->serial,
1675                             cert_principals != NULL ? " for " : "",
1676                             cert_principals != NULL ? cert_principals : "",
1677                             valid);
1678                 }
1679
1680                 sshkey_free(public);
1681                 free(out);
1682         }
1683 #ifdef ENABLE_PKCS11
1684         pkcs11_terminate();
1685 #endif
1686         exit(0);
1687 }
1688
1689 static u_int64_t
1690 parse_relative_time(const char *s, time_t now)
1691 {
1692         int64_t mul, secs;
1693
1694         mul = *s == '-' ? -1 : 1;
1695
1696         if ((secs = convtime(s + 1)) == -1)
1697                 fatal("Invalid relative certificate time %s", s);
1698         if (mul == -1 && secs > now)
1699                 fatal("Certificate time %s cannot be represented", s);
1700         return now + (u_int64_t)(secs * mul);
1701 }
1702
1703 static u_int64_t
1704 parse_absolute_time(const char *s)
1705 {
1706         struct tm tm;
1707         time_t tt;
1708         char buf[32], *fmt;
1709
1710         /*
1711          * POSIX strptime says "The application shall ensure that there
1712          * is white-space or other non-alphanumeric characters between
1713          * any two conversion specifications" so arrange things this way.
1714          */
1715         switch (strlen(s)) {
1716         case 8:
1717                 fmt = "%Y-%m-%d";
1718                 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%.4s-%.2s-%.2s", s, s + 4, s + 6);
1719                 break;
1720         case 14:
1721                 fmt = "%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S";
1722                 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%.4s-%.2s-%.2sT%.2s:%.2s:%.2s",
1723                     s, s + 4, s + 6, s + 8, s + 10, s + 12);
1724                 break;
1725         default:
1726                 fatal("Invalid certificate time format %s", s);
1727         }
1728
1729         memset(&tm, 0, sizeof(tm));
1730         if (strptime(buf, fmt, &tm) == NULL)
1731                 fatal("Invalid certificate time %s", s);
1732         if ((tt = mktime(&tm)) < 0)
1733                 fatal("Certificate time %s cannot be represented", s);
1734         return (u_int64_t)tt;
1735 }
1736
1737 static void
1738 parse_cert_times(char *timespec)
1739 {
1740         char *from, *to;
1741         time_t now = time(NULL);
1742         int64_t secs;
1743
1744         /* +timespec relative to now */
1745         if (*timespec == '+' && strchr(timespec, ':') == NULL) {
1746                 if ((secs = convtime(timespec + 1)) == -1)
1747                         fatal("Invalid relative certificate life %s", timespec);
1748                 cert_valid_to = now + secs;
1749                 /*
1750                  * Backdate certificate one minute to avoid problems on hosts
1751                  * with poorly-synchronised clocks.
1752                  */
1753                 cert_valid_from = ((now - 59)/ 60) * 60;
1754                 return;
1755         }
1756
1757         /*
1758          * from:to, where
1759          * from := [+-]timespec | YYYYMMDD | YYYYMMDDHHMMSS
1760          *   to := [+-]timespec | YYYYMMDD | YYYYMMDDHHMMSS
1761          */
1762         from = xstrdup(timespec);
1763         to = strchr(from, ':');
1764         if (to == NULL || from == to || *(to + 1) == '\0')
1765                 fatal("Invalid certificate life specification %s", timespec);
1766         *to++ = '\0';
1767
1768         if (*from == '-' || *from == '+')
1769                 cert_valid_from = parse_relative_time(from, now);
1770         else
1771                 cert_valid_from = parse_absolute_time(from);
1772
1773         if (*to == '-' || *to == '+')
1774                 cert_valid_to = parse_relative_time(to, now);
1775         else
1776                 cert_valid_to = parse_absolute_time(to);
1777
1778         if (cert_valid_to <= cert_valid_from)
1779                 fatal("Empty certificate validity interval");
1780         free(from);
1781 }
1782
1783 static void
1784 add_cert_option(char *opt)
1785 {
1786         char *val;
1787
1788         if (strcasecmp(opt, "clear") == 0)
1789                 certflags_flags = 0;
1790         else if (strcasecmp(opt, "no-x11-forwarding") == 0)
1791                 certflags_flags &= ~CERTOPT_X_FWD;
1792         else if (strcasecmp(opt, "permit-x11-forwarding") == 0)
1793                 certflags_flags |= CERTOPT_X_FWD;
1794         else if (strcasecmp(opt, "no-agent-forwarding") == 0)
1795                 certflags_flags &= ~CERTOPT_AGENT_FWD;
1796         else if (strcasecmp(opt, "permit-agent-forwarding") == 0)
1797                 certflags_flags |= CERTOPT_AGENT_FWD;
1798         else if (strcasecmp(opt, "no-port-forwarding") == 0)
1799                 certflags_flags &= ~CERTOPT_PORT_FWD;
1800         else if (strcasecmp(opt, "permit-port-forwarding") == 0)
1801                 certflags_flags |= CERTOPT_PORT_FWD;
1802         else if (strcasecmp(opt, "no-pty") == 0)
1803                 certflags_flags &= ~CERTOPT_PTY;
1804         else if (strcasecmp(opt, "permit-pty") == 0)
1805                 certflags_flags |= CERTOPT_PTY;
1806         else if (strcasecmp(opt, "no-user-rc") == 0)
1807                 certflags_flags &= ~CERTOPT_USER_RC;
1808         else if (strcasecmp(opt, "permit-user-rc") == 0)
1809                 certflags_flags |= CERTOPT_USER_RC;
1810         else if (strncasecmp(opt, "force-command=", 14) == 0) {
1811                 val = opt + 14;
1812                 if (*val == '\0')
1813                         fatal("Empty force-command option");
1814                 if (certflags_command != NULL)
1815                         fatal("force-command already specified");
1816                 certflags_command = xstrdup(val);
1817         } else if (strncasecmp(opt, "source-address=", 15) == 0) {
1818                 val = opt + 15;
1819                 if (*val == '\0')
1820                         fatal("Empty source-address option");
1821                 if (certflags_src_addr != NULL)
1822                         fatal("source-address already specified");
1823                 if (addr_match_cidr_list(NULL, val) != 0)
1824                         fatal("Invalid source-address list");
1825                 certflags_src_addr = xstrdup(val);
1826         } else
1827                 fatal("Unsupported certificate option \"%s\"", opt);
1828 }
1829
1830 static void
1831 show_options(struct sshbuf *optbuf, int in_critical)
1832 {
1833         char *name, *arg;
1834         struct sshbuf *options, *option = NULL;
1835         int r;
1836
1837         if ((options = sshbuf_fromb(optbuf)) == NULL)
1838                 fatal("%s: sshbuf_fromb failed", __func__);
1839         while (sshbuf_len(options) != 0) {
1840                 sshbuf_free(option);
1841                 option = NULL;
1842                 if ((r = sshbuf_get_cstring(options, &name, NULL)) != 0 ||
1843                     (r = sshbuf_froms(options, &option)) != 0)
1844                         fatal("%s: buffer error: %s", __func__, ssh_err(r));
1845                 printf("                %s", name);
1846                 if (!in_critical &&
1847                     (strcmp(name, "permit-X11-forwarding") == 0 ||
1848                     strcmp(name, "permit-agent-forwarding") == 0 ||
1849                     strcmp(name, "permit-port-forwarding") == 0 ||
1850                     strcmp(name, "permit-pty") == 0 ||
1851                     strcmp(name, "permit-user-rc") == 0))
1852                         printf("\n");
1853                 else if (in_critical &&
1854                     (strcmp(name, "force-command") == 0 ||
1855                     strcmp(name, "source-address") == 0)) {
1856                         if ((r = sshbuf_get_cstring(option, &arg, NULL)) != 0)
1857                                 fatal("%s: buffer error: %s",
1858                                     __func__, ssh_err(r));
1859                         printf(" %s\n", arg);
1860                         free(arg);
1861                 } else {
1862                         printf(" UNKNOWN OPTION (len %zu)\n",
1863                             sshbuf_len(option));
1864                         sshbuf_reset(option);
1865                 }
1866                 free(name);
1867                 if (sshbuf_len(option) != 0)
1868                         fatal("Option corrupt: extra data at end");
1869         }
1870         sshbuf_free(option);
1871         sshbuf_free(options);
1872 }
1873
1874 static void
1875 print_cert(struct sshkey *key)
1876 {
1877         char valid[64], *key_fp, *ca_fp;
1878         u_int i;
1879
1880         key_fp = sshkey_fingerprint(key, fingerprint_hash, SSH_FP_DEFAULT);
1881         ca_fp = sshkey_fingerprint(key->cert->signature_key,
1882             fingerprint_hash, SSH_FP_DEFAULT);
1883         if (key_fp == NULL || ca_fp == NULL)
1884                 fatal("%s: sshkey_fingerprint fail", __func__);
1885         sshkey_format_cert_validity(key->cert, valid, sizeof(valid));
1886
1887         printf("        Type: %s %s certificate\n", sshkey_ssh_name(key),
1888             sshkey_cert_type(key));
1889         printf("        Public key: %s %s\n", sshkey_type(key), key_fp);
1890         printf("        Signing CA: %s %s\n",
1891             sshkey_type(key->cert->signature_key), ca_fp);
1892         printf("        Key ID: \"%s\"\n", key->cert->key_id);
1893         printf("        Serial: %llu\n", (unsigned long long)key->cert->serial);
1894         printf("        Valid: %s\n", valid);
1895         printf("        Principals: ");
1896         if (key->cert->nprincipals == 0)
1897                 printf("(none)\n");
1898         else {
1899                 for (i = 0; i < key->cert->nprincipals; i++)
1900                         printf("\n                %s",
1901                             key->cert->principals[i]);
1902                 printf("\n");
1903         }
1904         printf("        Critical Options: ");
1905         if (sshbuf_len(key->cert->critical) == 0)
1906                 printf("(none)\n");
1907         else {
1908                 printf("\n");
1909                 show_options(key->cert->critical, 1);
1910         }
1911         printf("        Extensions: ");
1912         if (sshbuf_len(key->cert->extensions) == 0)
1913                 printf("(none)\n");
1914         else {
1915                 printf("\n");
1916                 show_options(key->cert->extensions, 0);
1917         }
1918 }
1919
1920 static void
1921 do_show_cert(struct passwd *pw)
1922 {
1923         struct sshkey *key = NULL;
1924         struct stat st;
1925         int r, is_stdin = 0, ok = 0;
1926         FILE *f;
1927         char *cp, line[SSH_MAX_PUBKEY_BYTES];
1928         const char *path;
1929         u_long lnum = 0;
1930
1931         if (!have_identity)
1932                 ask_filename(pw, "Enter file in which the key is");
1933         if (strcmp(identity_file, "-") != 0 && stat(identity_file, &st) < 0)
1934                 fatal("%s: %s: %s", __progname, identity_file, strerror(errno));
1935
1936         path = identity_file;
1937         if (strcmp(path, "-") == 0) {
1938                 f = stdin;
1939                 path = "(stdin)";
1940                 is_stdin = 1;
1941         } else if ((f = fopen(identity_file, "r")) == NULL)
1942                 fatal("fopen %s: %s", identity_file, strerror(errno));
1943
1944         while (read_keyfile_line(f, path, line, sizeof(line), &lnum) == 0) {
1945                 sshkey_free(key);
1946                 key = NULL;
1947                 /* Trim leading space and comments */
1948                 cp = line + strspn(line, " \t");
1949                 if (*cp == '#' || *cp == '\0')
1950                         continue;
1951                 if ((key = sshkey_new(KEY_UNSPEC)) == NULL)
1952                         fatal("key_new");
1953                 if ((r = sshkey_read(key, &cp)) != 0) {
1954                         error("%s:%lu: invalid key: %s", path,
1955                             lnum, ssh_err(r));
1956                         continue;
1957                 }
1958                 if (!sshkey_is_cert(key)) {
1959                         error("%s:%lu is not a certificate", path, lnum);
1960                         continue;
1961                 }
1962                 ok = 1;
1963                 if (!is_stdin && lnum == 1)
1964                         printf("%s:\n", path);
1965                 else
1966                         printf("%s:%lu:\n", path, lnum);
1967                 print_cert(key);
1968         }
1969         sshkey_free(key);
1970         fclose(f);
1971         exit(ok ? 0 : 1);
1972 }
1973
1974 static void
1975 load_krl(const char *path, struct ssh_krl **krlp)
1976 {
1977         struct sshbuf *krlbuf;
1978         int r, fd;
1979
1980         if ((krlbuf = sshbuf_new()) == NULL)
1981                 fatal("sshbuf_new failed");
1982         if ((fd = open(path, O_RDONLY)) == -1)
1983                 fatal("open %s: %s", path, strerror(errno));
1984         if ((r = sshkey_load_file(fd, krlbuf)) != 0)
1985                 fatal("Unable to load KRL: %s", ssh_err(r));
1986         close(fd);
1987         /* XXX check sigs */
1988         if ((r = ssh_krl_from_blob(krlbuf, krlp, NULL, 0)) != 0 ||
1989             *krlp == NULL)
1990                 fatal("Invalid KRL file: %s", ssh_err(r));
1991         sshbuf_free(krlbuf);
1992 }
1993
1994 static void
1995 update_krl_from_file(struct passwd *pw, const char *file, int wild_ca,
1996     const struct sshkey *ca, struct ssh_krl *krl)
1997 {
1998         struct sshkey *key = NULL;
1999         u_long lnum = 0;
2000         char *path, *cp, *ep, line[SSH_MAX_PUBKEY_BYTES];
2001         unsigned long long serial, serial2;
2002         int i, was_explicit_key, was_sha1, r;
2003         FILE *krl_spec;
2004
2005         path = tilde_expand_filename(file, pw->pw_uid);
2006         if (strcmp(path, "-") == 0) {
2007                 krl_spec = stdin;
2008                 free(path);
2009                 path = xstrdup("(standard input)");
2010         } else if ((krl_spec = fopen(path, "r")) == NULL)
2011                 fatal("fopen %s: %s", path, strerror(errno));
2012
2013         if (!quiet)
2014                 printf("Revoking from %s\n", path);
2015         while (read_keyfile_line(krl_spec, path, line, sizeof(line),
2016             &lnum) == 0) {
2017                 was_explicit_key = was_sha1 = 0;
2018                 cp = line + strspn(line, " \t");
2019                 /* Trim trailing space, comments and strip \n */
2020                 for (i = 0, r = -1; cp[i] != '\0'; i++) {
2021                         if (cp[i] == '#' || cp[i] == '\n') {
2022                                 cp[i] = '\0';
2023                                 break;
2024                         }
2025                         if (cp[i] == ' ' || cp[i] == '\t') {
2026                                 /* Remember the start of a span of whitespace */
2027                                 if (r == -1)
2028                                         r = i;
2029                         } else
2030                                 r = -1;
2031                 }
2032                 if (r != -1)
2033                         cp[r] = '\0';
2034                 if (*cp == '\0')
2035                         continue;
2036                 if (strncasecmp(cp, "serial:", 7) == 0) {
2037                         if (ca == NULL && !wild_ca) {
2038                                 fatal("revoking certificates by serial number "
2039                                     "requires specification of a CA key");
2040                         }
2041                         cp += 7;
2042                         cp = cp + strspn(cp, " \t");
2043                         errno = 0;
2044                         serial = strtoull(cp, &ep, 0);
2045                         if (*cp == '\0' || (*ep != '\0' && *ep != '-'))
2046                                 fatal("%s:%lu: invalid serial \"%s\"",
2047                                     path, lnum, cp);
2048                         if (errno == ERANGE && serial == ULLONG_MAX)
2049                                 fatal("%s:%lu: serial out of range",
2050                                     path, lnum);
2051                         serial2 = serial;
2052                         if (*ep == '-') {
2053                                 cp = ep + 1;
2054                                 errno = 0;
2055                                 serial2 = strtoull(cp, &ep, 0);
2056                                 if (*cp == '\0' || *ep != '\0')
2057                                         fatal("%s:%lu: invalid serial \"%s\"",
2058                                             path, lnum, cp);
2059                                 if (errno == ERANGE && serial2 == ULLONG_MAX)
2060                                         fatal("%s:%lu: serial out of range",
2061                                             path, lnum);
2062                                 if (serial2 <= serial)
2063                                         fatal("%s:%lu: invalid serial range "
2064                                             "%llu:%llu", path, lnum,
2065                                             (unsigned long long)serial,
2066                                             (unsigned long long)serial2);
2067                         }
2068                         if (ssh_krl_revoke_cert_by_serial_range(krl,
2069                             ca, serial, serial2) != 0) {
2070                                 fatal("%s: revoke serial failed",
2071                                     __func__);
2072                         }
2073                 } else if (strncasecmp(cp, "id:", 3) == 0) {
2074                         if (ca == NULL && !wild_ca) {
2075                                 fatal("revoking certificates by key ID "
2076                                     "requires specification of a CA key");
2077                         }
2078                         cp += 3;
2079                         cp = cp + strspn(cp, " \t");
2080                         if (ssh_krl_revoke_cert_by_key_id(krl, ca, cp) != 0)
2081                                 fatal("%s: revoke key ID failed", __func__);
2082                 } else {
2083                         if (strncasecmp(cp, "key:", 4) == 0) {
2084                                 cp += 4;
2085                                 cp = cp + strspn(cp, " \t");
2086                                 was_explicit_key = 1;
2087                         } else if (strncasecmp(cp, "sha1:", 5) == 0) {
2088                                 cp += 5;
2089                                 cp = cp + strspn(cp, " \t");
2090                                 was_sha1 = 1;
2091                         } else {
2092                                 /*
2093                                  * Just try to process the line as a key.
2094                                  * Parsing will fail if it isn't.
2095                                  */
2096                         }
2097                         if ((key = sshkey_new(KEY_UNSPEC)) == NULL)
2098                                 fatal("key_new");
2099                         if ((r = sshkey_read(key, &cp)) != 0)
2100                                 fatal("%s:%lu: invalid key: %s",
2101                                     path, lnum, ssh_err(r));
2102                         if (was_explicit_key)
2103                                 r = ssh_krl_revoke_key_explicit(krl, key);
2104                         else if (was_sha1)
2105                                 r = ssh_krl_revoke_key_sha1(krl, key);
2106                         else
2107                                 r = ssh_krl_revoke_key(krl, key);
2108                         if (r != 0)
2109                                 fatal("%s: revoke key failed: %s",
2110                                     __func__, ssh_err(r));
2111                         sshkey_free(key);
2112                 }
2113         }
2114         if (strcmp(path, "-") != 0)
2115                 fclose(krl_spec);
2116         free(path);
2117 }
2118
2119 static void
2120 do_gen_krl(struct passwd *pw, int updating, int argc, char **argv)
2121 {
2122         struct ssh_krl *krl;
2123         struct stat sb;
2124         struct sshkey *ca = NULL;
2125         int fd, i, r, wild_ca = 0;
2126         char *tmp;
2127         struct sshbuf *kbuf;
2128
2129         if (*identity_file == '\0')
2130                 fatal("KRL generation requires an output file");
2131         if (stat(identity_file, &sb) == -1) {
2132                 if (errno != ENOENT)
2133                         fatal("Cannot access KRL \"%s\": %s",
2134                             identity_file, strerror(errno));
2135                 if (updating)
2136                         fatal("KRL \"%s\" does not exist", identity_file);
2137         }
2138         if (ca_key_path != NULL) {
2139                 if (strcasecmp(ca_key_path, "none") == 0)
2140                         wild_ca = 1;
2141                 else {
2142                         tmp = tilde_expand_filename(ca_key_path, pw->pw_uid);
2143                         if ((r = sshkey_load_public(tmp, &ca, NULL)) != 0)
2144                                 fatal("Cannot load CA public key %s: %s",
2145                                     tmp, ssh_err(r));
2146                         free(tmp);
2147                 }
2148         }
2149
2150         if (updating)
2151                 load_krl(identity_file, &krl);
2152         else if ((krl = ssh_krl_init()) == NULL)
2153                 fatal("couldn't create KRL");
2154
2155         if (cert_serial != 0)
2156                 ssh_krl_set_version(krl, cert_serial);
2157         if (identity_comment != NULL)
2158                 ssh_krl_set_comment(krl, identity_comment);
2159
2160         for (i = 0; i < argc; i++)
2161                 update_krl_from_file(pw, argv[i], wild_ca, ca, krl);
2162
2163         if ((kbuf = sshbuf_new()) == NULL)
2164                 fatal("sshbuf_new failed");
2165         if (ssh_krl_to_blob(krl, kbuf, NULL, 0) != 0)
2166                 fatal("Couldn't generate KRL");
2167         if ((fd = open(identity_file, O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_TRUNC, 0644)) == -1)
2168                 fatal("open %s: %s", identity_file, strerror(errno));
2169         if (atomicio(vwrite, fd, (void *)sshbuf_ptr(kbuf), sshbuf_len(kbuf)) !=
2170             sshbuf_len(kbuf))
2171                 fatal("write %s: %s", identity_file, strerror(errno));
2172         close(fd);
2173         sshbuf_free(kbuf);
2174         ssh_krl_free(krl);
2175         sshkey_free(ca);
2176 }
2177
2178 static void
2179 do_check_krl(struct passwd *pw, int argc, char **argv)
2180 {
2181         int i, r, ret = 0;
2182         char *comment;
2183         struct ssh_krl *krl;
2184         struct sshkey *k;
2185
2186         if (*identity_file == '\0')
2187                 fatal("KRL checking requires an input file");
2188         load_krl(identity_file, &krl);
2189         for (i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
2190                 if ((r = sshkey_load_public(argv[i], &k, &comment)) != 0)
2191                         fatal("Cannot load public key %s: %s",
2192                             argv[i], ssh_err(r));
2193                 r = ssh_krl_check_key(krl, k);
2194                 printf("%s%s%s%s: %s\n", argv[i],
2195                     *comment ? " (" : "", comment, *comment ? ")" : "",
2196                     r == 0 ? "ok" : "REVOKED");
2197                 if (r != 0)
2198                         ret = 1;
2199                 sshkey_free(k);
2200                 free(comment);
2201         }
2202         ssh_krl_free(krl);
2203         exit(ret);
2204 }
2205
2206 static void
2207 usage(void)
2208 {
2209         fprintf(stderr,
2210             "usage: ssh-keygen [-q] [-b bits] [-t dsa | ecdsa | ed25519 | rsa | rsa1]\n"
2211             "                  [-N new_passphrase] [-C comment] [-f output_keyfile]\n"
2212             "       ssh-keygen -p [-P old_passphrase] [-N new_passphrase] [-f keyfile]\n"
2213             "       ssh-keygen -i [-m key_format] [-f input_keyfile]\n"
2214             "       ssh-keygen -e [-m key_format] [-f input_keyfile]\n"
2215             "       ssh-keygen -y [-f input_keyfile]\n"
2216             "       ssh-keygen -c [-P passphrase] [-C comment] [-f keyfile]\n"
2217             "       ssh-keygen -l [-v] [-E fingerprint_hash] [-f input_keyfile]\n"
2218             "       ssh-keygen -B [-f input_keyfile]\n");
2219 #ifdef ENABLE_PKCS11
2220         fprintf(stderr,
2221             "       ssh-keygen -D pkcs11\n");
2222 #endif
2223         fprintf(stderr,
2224             "       ssh-keygen -F hostname [-f known_hosts_file] [-l]\n"
2225             "       ssh-keygen -H [-f known_hosts_file]\n"
2226             "       ssh-keygen -R hostname [-f known_hosts_file]\n"
2227             "       ssh-keygen -r hostname [-f input_keyfile] [-g]\n"
2228 #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
2229             "       ssh-keygen -G output_file [-v] [-b bits] [-M memory] [-S start_point]\n"
2230             "       ssh-keygen -T output_file -f input_file [-v] [-a rounds] [-J num_lines]\n"
2231             "                  [-j start_line] [-K checkpt] [-W generator]\n"
2232 #endif
2233             "       ssh-keygen -s ca_key -I certificate_identity [-h] [-n principals]\n"
2234             "                  [-O option] [-V validity_interval] [-z serial_number] file ...\n"
2235             "       ssh-keygen -L [-f input_keyfile]\n"
2236             "       ssh-keygen -A\n"
2237             "       ssh-keygen -k -f krl_file [-u] [-s ca_public] [-z version_number]\n"
2238             "                  file ...\n"
2239             "       ssh-keygen -Q -f krl_file file ...\n");
2240         exit(1);
2241 }
2242
2243 /*
2244  * Main program for key management.
2245  */
2246 int
2247 main(int argc, char **argv)
2248 {
2249         char dotsshdir[PATH_MAX], comment[1024], *passphrase1, *passphrase2;
2250         char *rr_hostname = NULL, *ep, *fp, *ra;
2251         struct sshkey *private, *public;
2252         struct passwd *pw;
2253         struct stat st;
2254         int r, opt, type, fd;
2255         int gen_all_hostkeys = 0, gen_krl = 0, update_krl = 0, check_krl = 0;
2256         FILE *f;
2257         const char *errstr;
2258 #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
2259         /* Moduli generation/screening */
2260         char out_file[PATH_MAX], *checkpoint = NULL;
2261         u_int32_t memory = 0, generator_wanted = 0;
2262         int do_gen_candidates = 0, do_screen_candidates = 0;
2263         unsigned long start_lineno = 0, lines_to_process = 0;
2264         BIGNUM *start = NULL;
2265 #endif
2266
2267         extern int optind;
2268         extern char *optarg;
2269
2270         ssh_malloc_init();      /* must be called before any mallocs */
2271         /* Ensure that fds 0, 1 and 2 are open or directed to /dev/null */
2272         sanitise_stdfd();
2273
2274         __progname = ssh_get_progname(argv[0]);
2275
2276 #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
2277         OpenSSL_add_all_algorithms();
2278 #endif
2279         log_init(argv[0], SYSLOG_LEVEL_INFO, SYSLOG_FACILITY_USER, 1);
2280
2281         seed_rng();
2282
2283         /* we need this for the home * directory.  */
2284         pw = getpwuid(getuid());
2285         if (!pw)
2286                 fatal("No user exists for uid %lu", (u_long)getuid());
2287         if (gethostname(hostname, sizeof(hostname)) < 0)
2288                 fatal("gethostname: %s", strerror(errno));
2289
2290         /* Remaining characters: UYdw */
2291         while ((opt = getopt(argc, argv, "ABHLQXceghiklopquvxy"
2292             "C:D:E:F:G:I:J:K:M:N:O:P:R:S:T:V:W:Z:"
2293             "a:b:f:g:j:m:n:r:s:t:z:")) != -1) {
2294                 switch (opt) {
2295                 case 'A':
2296                         gen_all_hostkeys = 1;
2297                         break;
2298                 case 'b':
2299                         bits = (u_int32_t)strtonum(optarg, 256, 32768, &errstr);
2300                         if (errstr)
2301                                 fatal("Bits has bad value %s (%s)",
2302                                         optarg, errstr);
2303                         break;
2304                 case 'E':
2305                         fingerprint_hash = ssh_digest_alg_by_name(optarg);
2306                         if (fingerprint_hash == -1)
2307                                 fatal("Invalid hash algorithm \"%s\"", optarg);
2308                         break;
2309                 case 'F':
2310                         find_host = 1;
2311                         rr_hostname = optarg;
2312                         break;
2313                 case 'H':
2314                         hash_hosts = 1;
2315                         break;
2316                 case 'I':
2317                         cert_key_id = optarg;
2318                         break;
2319                 case 'R':
2320                         delete_host = 1;
2321                         rr_hostname = optarg;
2322                         break;
2323                 case 'L':
2324                         show_cert = 1;
2325                         break;
2326                 case 'l':
2327                         print_fingerprint = 1;
2328                         break;
2329                 case 'B':
2330                         print_bubblebabble = 1;
2331                         break;
2332                 case 'm':
2333                         if (strcasecmp(optarg, "RFC4716") == 0 ||
2334                             strcasecmp(optarg, "ssh2") == 0) {
2335                                 convert_format = FMT_RFC4716;
2336                                 break;
2337                         }
2338                         if (strcasecmp(optarg, "PKCS8") == 0) {
2339                                 convert_format = FMT_PKCS8;
2340                                 break;
2341                         }
2342                         if (strcasecmp(optarg, "PEM") == 0) {
2343                                 convert_format = FMT_PEM;
2344                                 break;
2345                         }
2346                         fatal("Unsupported conversion format \"%s\"", optarg);
2347                 case 'n':
2348                         cert_principals = optarg;
2349                         break;
2350                 case 'o':
2351                         use_new_format = 1;
2352                         break;
2353                 case 'p':
2354                         change_passphrase = 1;
2355                         break;
2356                 case 'c':
2357                         change_comment = 1;
2358                         break;
2359                 case 'f':
2360                         if (strlcpy(identity_file, optarg,
2361                             sizeof(identity_file)) >= sizeof(identity_file))
2362                                 fatal("Identity filename too long");
2363                         have_identity = 1;
2364                         break;
2365                 case 'g':
2366                         print_generic = 1;
2367                         break;
2368                 case 'P':
2369                         identity_passphrase = optarg;
2370                         break;
2371                 case 'N':
2372                         identity_new_passphrase = optarg;
2373                         break;
2374                 case 'Q':
2375                         check_krl = 1;
2376                         break;
2377                 case 'O':
2378                         add_cert_option(optarg);
2379                         break;
2380                 case 'Z':
2381                         new_format_cipher = optarg;
2382                         break;
2383                 case 'C':
2384                         identity_comment = optarg;
2385                         break;
2386                 case 'q':
2387                         quiet = 1;
2388                         break;
2389                 case 'e':
2390                 case 'x':
2391                         /* export key */
2392                         convert_to = 1;
2393                         break;
2394                 case 'h':
2395                         cert_key_type = SSH2_CERT_TYPE_HOST;
2396                         certflags_flags = 0;
2397                         break;
2398                 case 'k':
2399                         gen_krl = 1;
2400                         break;
2401                 case 'i':
2402                 case 'X':
2403                         /* import key */
2404                         convert_from = 1;
2405                         break;
2406                 case 'y':
2407                         print_public = 1;
2408                         break;
2409                 case 's':
2410                         ca_key_path = optarg;
2411                         break;
2412                 case 't':
2413                         key_type_name = optarg;
2414                         break;
2415                 case 'D':
2416                         pkcs11provider = optarg;
2417                         break;
2418                 case 'u':
2419                         update_krl = 1;
2420                         break;
2421                 case 'v':
2422                         if (log_level == SYSLOG_LEVEL_INFO)
2423                                 log_level = SYSLOG_LEVEL_DEBUG1;
2424                         else {
2425                                 if (log_level >= SYSLOG_LEVEL_DEBUG1 &&
2426                                     log_level < SYSLOG_LEVEL_DEBUG3)
2427                                         log_level++;
2428                         }
2429                         break;
2430                 case 'r':
2431                         rr_hostname = optarg;
2432                         break;
2433                 case 'a':
2434                         rounds = (int)strtonum(optarg, 1, INT_MAX, &errstr);
2435                         if (errstr)
2436                                 fatal("Invalid number: %s (%s)",
2437                                         optarg, errstr);
2438                         break;
2439                 case 'V':
2440                         parse_cert_times(optarg);
2441                         break;
2442                 case 'z':
2443                         errno = 0;
2444                         cert_serial = strtoull(optarg, &ep, 10);
2445                         if (*optarg < '0' || *optarg > '9' || *ep != '\0' ||
2446                             (errno == ERANGE && cert_serial == ULLONG_MAX))
2447                                 fatal("Invalid serial number \"%s\"", optarg);
2448                         break;
2449 #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
2450                 /* Moduli generation/screening */
2451                 case 'W':
2452                         generator_wanted = (u_int32_t)strtonum(optarg, 1,
2453                             UINT_MAX, &errstr);
2454                         if (errstr)
2455                                 fatal("Desired generator has bad value: %s (%s)",
2456                                         optarg, errstr);
2457                         break;
2458                 case 'M':
2459                         memory = (u_int32_t)strtonum(optarg, 1, UINT_MAX, &errstr);
2460                         if (errstr)
2461                                 fatal("Memory limit is %s: %s", errstr, optarg);
2462                         break;
2463                 case 'G':
2464                         do_gen_candidates = 1;
2465                         if (strlcpy(out_file, optarg, sizeof(out_file)) >=
2466                             sizeof(out_file))
2467                                 fatal("Output filename too long");
2468                         break;
2469                 case 'T':
2470                         do_screen_candidates = 1;
2471                         if (strlcpy(out_file, optarg, sizeof(out_file)) >=
2472                             sizeof(out_file))
2473                                 fatal("Output filename too long");
2474                         break;
2475                 case 'K':
2476                         if (strlen(optarg) >= PATH_MAX)
2477                                 fatal("Checkpoint filename too long");
2478                         checkpoint = xstrdup(optarg);
2479                         break;
2480                 case 'S':
2481                         /* XXX - also compare length against bits */
2482                         if (BN_hex2bn(&start, optarg) == 0)
2483                                 fatal("Invalid start point.");
2484                         break;
2485 #endif /* WITH_OPENSSL */
2486                 case '?':
2487                 default:
2488                         usage();
2489                 }
2490         }
2491
2492         /* reinit */
2493         log_init(argv[0], log_level, SYSLOG_FACILITY_USER, 1);
2494
2495         argv += optind;
2496         argc -= optind;
2497
2498         if (ca_key_path != NULL) {
2499                 if (argc < 1 && !gen_krl) {
2500                         error("Too few arguments.");
2501                         usage();
2502                 }
2503         } else if (argc > 0 && !gen_krl && !check_krl) {
2504                 error("Too many arguments.");
2505                 usage();
2506         }
2507         if (change_passphrase && change_comment) {
2508                 error("Can only have one of -p and -c.");
2509                 usage();
2510         }
2511         if (print_fingerprint && (delete_host || hash_hosts)) {
2512                 error("Cannot use -l with -H or -R.");
2513                 usage();
2514         }
2515         if (gen_krl) {
2516                 do_gen_krl(pw, update_krl, argc, argv);
2517                 return (0);
2518         }
2519         if (check_krl) {
2520                 do_check_krl(pw, argc, argv);
2521                 return (0);
2522         }
2523         if (ca_key_path != NULL) {
2524                 if (cert_key_id == NULL)
2525                         fatal("Must specify key id (-I) when certifying");
2526                 do_ca_sign(pw, argc, argv);
2527         }
2528         if (show_cert)
2529                 do_show_cert(pw);
2530         if (delete_host || hash_hosts || find_host)
2531                 do_known_hosts(pw, rr_hostname);
2532         if (pkcs11provider != NULL)
2533                 do_download(pw);
2534         if (print_fingerprint || print_bubblebabble)
2535                 do_fingerprint(pw);
2536         if (change_passphrase)
2537                 do_change_passphrase(pw);
2538         if (change_comment)
2539                 do_change_comment(pw);
2540 #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
2541         if (convert_to)
2542                 do_convert_to(pw);
2543         if (convert_from)
2544                 do_convert_from(pw);
2545 #endif
2546         if (print_public)
2547                 do_print_public(pw);
2548         if (rr_hostname != NULL) {
2549                 unsigned int n = 0;
2550
2551                 if (have_identity) {
2552                         n = do_print_resource_record(pw,
2553                             identity_file, rr_hostname);
2554                         if (n == 0)
2555                                 fatal("%s: %s", identity_file, strerror(errno));
2556                         exit(0);
2557                 } else {
2558
2559                         n += do_print_resource_record(pw,
2560                             _PATH_HOST_RSA_KEY_FILE, rr_hostname);
2561                         n += do_print_resource_record(pw,
2562                             _PATH_HOST_DSA_KEY_FILE, rr_hostname);
2563                         n += do_print_resource_record(pw,
2564                             _PATH_HOST_ECDSA_KEY_FILE, rr_hostname);
2565                         n += do_print_resource_record(pw,
2566                             _PATH_HOST_ED25519_KEY_FILE, rr_hostname);
2567                         if (n == 0)
2568                                 fatal("no keys found.");
2569                         exit(0);
2570                 }
2571         }
2572
2573 #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
2574         if (do_gen_candidates) {
2575                 FILE *out = fopen(out_file, "w");
2576
2577                 if (out == NULL) {
2578                         error("Couldn't open modulus candidate file \"%s\": %s",
2579                             out_file, strerror(errno));
2580                         return (1);
2581                 }
2582                 if (bits == 0)
2583                         bits = DEFAULT_BITS;
2584                 if (gen_candidates(out, memory, bits, start) != 0)
2585                         fatal("modulus candidate generation failed");
2586
2587                 return (0);
2588         }
2589
2590         if (do_screen_candidates) {
2591                 FILE *in;
2592                 FILE *out = fopen(out_file, "a");
2593
2594                 if (have_identity && strcmp(identity_file, "-") != 0) {
2595                         if ((in = fopen(identity_file, "r")) == NULL) {
2596                                 fatal("Couldn't open modulus candidate "
2597                                     "file \"%s\": %s", identity_file,
2598                                     strerror(errno));
2599                         }
2600                 } else
2601                         in = stdin;
2602
2603                 if (out == NULL) {
2604                         fatal("Couldn't open moduli file \"%s\": %s",
2605                             out_file, strerror(errno));
2606                 }
2607                 if (prime_test(in, out, rounds == 0 ? 100 : rounds,
2608                     generator_wanted, checkpoint,
2609                     start_lineno, lines_to_process) != 0)
2610                         fatal("modulus screening failed");
2611                 return (0);
2612         }
2613 #endif
2614
2615         if (gen_all_hostkeys) {
2616                 do_gen_all_hostkeys(pw);
2617                 return (0);
2618         }
2619
2620         if (key_type_name == NULL)
2621                 key_type_name = DEFAULT_KEY_TYPE_NAME;
2622
2623         type = sshkey_type_from_name(key_type_name);
2624         type_bits_valid(type, key_type_name, &bits);
2625
2626         if (!quiet)
2627                 printf("Generating public/private %s key pair.\n",
2628                     key_type_name);
2629         if ((r = sshkey_generate(type, bits, &private)) != 0)
2630                 fatal("key_generate failed");
2631         if ((r = sshkey_from_private(private, &public)) != 0)
2632                 fatal("key_from_private failed: %s\n", ssh_err(r));
2633
2634         if (!have_identity)
2635                 ask_filename(pw, "Enter file in which to save the key");
2636
2637         /* Create ~/.ssh directory if it doesn't already exist. */
2638         snprintf(dotsshdir, sizeof dotsshdir, "%s/%s",
2639             pw->pw_dir, _PATH_SSH_USER_DIR);
2640         if (strstr(identity_file, dotsshdir) != NULL) {
2641                 if (stat(dotsshdir, &st) < 0) {
2642                         if (errno != ENOENT) {
2643                                 error("Could not stat %s: %s", dotsshdir,
2644                                     strerror(errno));
2645                         } else if (mkdir(dotsshdir, 0700) < 0) {
2646                                 error("Could not create directory '%s': %s",
2647                                     dotsshdir, strerror(errno));
2648                         } else if (!quiet)
2649                                 printf("Created directory '%s'.\n", dotsshdir);
2650                 }
2651         }
2652         /* If the file already exists, ask the user to confirm. */
2653         if (stat(identity_file, &st) >= 0) {
2654                 char yesno[3];
2655                 printf("%s already exists.\n", identity_file);
2656                 printf("Overwrite (y/n)? ");
2657                 fflush(stdout);
2658                 if (fgets(yesno, sizeof(yesno), stdin) == NULL)
2659                         exit(1);
2660                 if (yesno[0] != 'y' && yesno[0] != 'Y')
2661                         exit(1);
2662         }
2663         /* Ask for a passphrase (twice). */
2664         if (identity_passphrase)
2665                 passphrase1 = xstrdup(identity_passphrase);
2666         else if (identity_new_passphrase)
2667                 passphrase1 = xstrdup(identity_new_passphrase);
2668         else {
2669 passphrase_again:
2670                 passphrase1 =
2671                         read_passphrase("Enter passphrase (empty for no "
2672                             "passphrase): ", RP_ALLOW_STDIN);
2673                 passphrase2 = read_passphrase("Enter same passphrase again: ",
2674                     RP_ALLOW_STDIN);
2675                 if (strcmp(passphrase1, passphrase2) != 0) {
2676                         /*
2677                          * The passphrases do not match.  Clear them and
2678                          * retry.
2679                          */
2680                         explicit_bzero(passphrase1, strlen(passphrase1));
2681                         explicit_bzero(passphrase2, strlen(passphrase2));
2682                         free(passphrase1);
2683                         free(passphrase2);
2684                         printf("Passphrases do not match.  Try again.\n");
2685                         goto passphrase_again;
2686                 }
2687                 /* Clear the other copy of the passphrase. */
2688                 explicit_bzero(passphrase2, strlen(passphrase2));
2689                 free(passphrase2);
2690         }
2691
2692         if (identity_comment) {
2693                 strlcpy(comment, identity_comment, sizeof(comment));
2694         } else {
2695                 /* Create default comment field for the passphrase. */
2696                 snprintf(comment, sizeof comment, "%s@%s", pw->pw_name, hostname);
2697         }
2698
2699         /* Save the key with the given passphrase and comment. */
2700         if ((r = sshkey_save_private(private, identity_file, passphrase1,
2701             comment, use_new_format, new_format_cipher, rounds)) != 0) {
2702                 error("Saving key \"%s\" failed: %s",
2703                     identity_file, ssh_err(r));
2704                 explicit_bzero(passphrase1, strlen(passphrase1));
2705                 free(passphrase1);
2706                 exit(1);
2707         }
2708         /* Clear the passphrase. */
2709         explicit_bzero(passphrase1, strlen(passphrase1));
2710         free(passphrase1);
2711
2712         /* Clear the private key and the random number generator. */
2713         sshkey_free(private);
2714
2715         if (!quiet)
2716                 printf("Your identification has been saved in %s.\n", identity_file);
2717
2718         strlcat(identity_file, ".pub", sizeof(identity_file));
2719         if ((fd = open(identity_file, O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_TRUNC, 0644)) == -1)
2720                 fatal("Unable to save public key to %s: %s",
2721                     identity_file, strerror(errno));
2722         if ((f = fdopen(fd, "w")) == NULL)
2723                 fatal("fdopen %s failed: %s", identity_file, strerror(errno));
2724         if ((r = sshkey_write(public, f)) != 0)
2725                 error("write key failed: %s", ssh_err(r));
2726         fprintf(f, " %s\n", comment);
2727         fclose(f);
2728
2729         if (!quiet) {
2730                 fp = sshkey_fingerprint(public, fingerprint_hash,
2731                     SSH_FP_DEFAULT);
2732                 ra = sshkey_fingerprint(public, fingerprint_hash,
2733                     SSH_FP_RANDOMART);
2734                 if (fp == NULL || ra == NULL)
2735                         fatal("sshkey_fingerprint failed");
2736                 printf("Your public key has been saved in %s.\n",
2737                     identity_file);
2738                 printf("The key fingerprint is:\n");
2739                 printf("%s %s\n", fp, comment);
2740                 printf("The key's randomart image is:\n");
2741                 printf("%s\n", ra);
2742                 free(ra);
2743                 free(fp);
2744         }
2745
2746         sshkey_free(public);
2747         exit(0);
2748 }