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11 <article xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook"
12 xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" version="5.0">
15 <title>&os; &release.current; Release Notes</title>
18 <orgname>The &os; Project</orgname>
21 <pubdate>$FreeBSD$</pubdate>
39 <holder role="mailto:doc@FreeBSD.org">The &os; Documentation
43 <legalnotice xml:id="trademarks" role="trademarks">
53 <para>The release notes for &os; &release.current; contain
54 a summary of the changes made to the &os; base system on the
55 &release.branch; development line. This document lists
56 applicable security advisories that were issued since the last
57 release, as well as significant changes to the &os; kernel and
58 userland. Some brief remarks on upgrading are also
63 <sect1 xml:id="intro">
64 <title>Introduction</title>
66 <para>This document contains the release notes for &os;
67 &release.current;. It describes recently added, changed, or
68 deleted features of &os;. It also provides some notes on
69 upgrading from previous versions of &os;.</para>
71 <para releasetype="current">The &release.type; distribution to
72 which these release notes apply represents the latest point
73 along the &release.branch; development branch since
74 &release.branch; was created. Information regarding pre-built,
75 binary &release.type; distributions along this branch can be
77 xlink:href="&release.url;">&release.url;</uri>.</para>
79 <para releasetype="snapshot">The &release.type; distribution to
80 which these release notes apply represents a point along the
81 &release.branch; development branch between &release.prev; and
82 the future &release.next;. Information regarding pre-built,
83 binary &release.type; distributions along this branch can be
85 xlink:href="&release.url;">&release.url;</uri>.</para>
87 <para releasetype="release">This distribution of &os;
88 &release.current; is a &release.type; distribution. It can be
89 found at <uri xlink:href="&release.url;">&release.url;</uri> or
90 any of its mirrors. More information on obtaining this (or
91 other) &release.type; distributions of &os; can be found in the
93 xlink:href="&url.books.handbook;/mirrors.html"><quote>Obtaining
94 &os;</quote> appendix</link> to the <link
95 xlink:href="&url.books.handbook;/">&os;
96 Handbook</link>.</para>
98 <para>All users are encouraged to consult the release errata
99 before installing &os;. The errata document is updated with
100 <quote>late-breaking</quote> information discovered late in the
101 release cycle or after the release. Typically, it contains
102 information on known bugs, security advisories, and corrections
103 to documentation. An up-to-date copy of the errata for &os;
104 &release.current; can be found on the &os; Web site.</para>
108 <title>What's New</title>
110 <para>This section describes the most user-visible new or changed
111 features in &os; since &release.prev;.</para>
113 <para>Typical release note items document recent security
114 advisories issued after &release.prev;, new drivers or hardware
115 support, new commands or options, major bug fixes, or
116 contributed software upgrades. They may also list changes to
117 major ports/packages or release engineering practices. Clearly
118 the release notes cannot list every single change made to &os;
119 between releases; this document focuses primarily on security
120 advisories, user-visible changes, and major architectural
123 <sect2 xml:id="security">
124 <title>Security Advisories</title>
130 <sect2 xml:id="kernel">
131 <title>Kernel Changes</title>
133 <para revision="260431">A new &man.sysctl.8;,
134 <literal>kern.panic_reboot_wait_time</literal>, has been
135 added, which allows controlling how long the system will wait
136 after &man.panic.9; before rebooting.</para>
138 <para revision="262861">The &man.vt.4; driver has been merged
139 from &os;-CURRENT. To enable &man.vt.4;, enter
140 <literal>set kern.vty=vt</literal> at the &man.loader.8;
141 prompt during boot, or add <literal>kern.vty=vt</literal> to
142 &man.loader.conf.5; and reboot the system.</para>
144 <para revision="263122">Support for &man.hwpmc.4; has been added
145 for &powerpc; 970 class processors.</para>
147 <para revision="263197">Support for ADT7460 and ADT7467 fan
148 controllers found in newer PowerBooks™ and
149 iBooks™ has been added to the &man.iicbus.4;
152 <para revision="263256">A panic triggered by removing
153 a &man.urtwn.4; device has been fixed.</para>
155 <para revision="263799">A potential deadlock in the &man.usb.4;
156 stack triggered by detaching USB devices that create character
157 devices has been fixed.</para>
159 <para revision="263869">Support for &amd; Family 16h sensor
160 devices has been added to &man.amdtemp.4;.</para>
162 <para revision="265610">The &man.uslcom.4; driver has been
163 updated to support 26 new devices.</para>
165 <para revision="266165">A kernel bug that inhibited proper
166 functionality of the <literal>dev.cpu.0.freq</literal>
167 &man.sysctl.8; on &intel; processors with Turbo
168 Boost™ enabled has been fixed.</para>
170 <para revision="266436">The &man.uart.4; driver has been
171 updated to include support for the &intel; Lynx Point
172 KT <acronym>AMT</acronym> serial port.</para>
174 <para revision="266594">The <literal>radeonkms(4)</literal>
175 driver has been updated to include 32-bit &man.ioctl.2;
176 support, allowing 32-bit applications to run on a 64-bit
179 <para revision="266718">A bug that would prevent
180 a &man.jail.8; from setting the correct IPv4 source address
181 with some operations that required
182 <literal>security.jail.allow_raw_sockets</literal> has been
185 <para revision="266911">The &man.hwpmc.4; driver has been
186 updated to support core events from the Atom™
187 Silvermont architecture.</para>
189 <para revision="268046">The &man.oce.4; driver has been updated
190 with vendor-supplied fixes for big endian support, and 20GB/s
191 and 25GB/s link speeds.</para>
193 <para revision="270630">The &os; virtual memory subsystem
194 has been updated to implement <quote>fast path</quote> for
195 the page fault handler.</para>
197 <sect3 xml:id="kernel-virtualization">
198 <title>Virtualization Support</title>
200 <para revision="259450">Support for µsoft; Hyper-V
201 has been added to &os;/i386 as loadable modules, however
202 not available in the <filename>GENERIC</filename> kernel
203 configuration.</para>
205 <para revision="261090">The &man.bhyve.4; hypervisor now
206 supports soft power-off functionality via the ACPI S5
209 <para revision="267399">Support for &os;/i386 guests has been
210 added to &man.bhyve.4;.</para>
212 <para revision="267427">Support for virtualized
213 <literal>XSAVE</literal> has been added to &man.bhyve.4;,
214 allowing guest operating systems to use
215 <literal>XSAVE</literal> and
216 <literal>XSAVE</literal>-enabled features, such as
217 <acronym>AVX</acronym>.</para>
219 <para revision="268932">The &man.bhyve.4; hypervisor now
220 supports booting from a &man.zfs.8; filesystem.</para>
222 <para revision="268933">A new driver, &man.virtio_random.4;,
223 has been added, which allows &os; virtual machines to
224 harvest entropy from the hypervisor.</para>
226 <para revision="270159">The &man.bhyve.4; hypervisor has been
227 synced with the version in &os;-CURRENT.</para>
229 <para>A number of enhancements have been added, and several
230 bug fixes, including:</para>
234 <para>Post-mortem debugging has been added when
235 a guest virtual machine exits with an
236 <quote><acronym>EPT</acronym> Misconfiguration</quote>
241 <para>The hypervisor &man.virtio.4; <acronym>API</acronym>
242 has been expanded from 32- to 64-bit.</para>
246 <para>Support for identifying capabilities of the virtual
247 <acronym>CPU</acronym> has been added.</para>
251 <para>Support for emulating legacy x86 task
252 switching has been added.</para>
256 <para>Support to list the VT-x features in base kernel
257 &man.dmesg.8; has been added.</para>
261 <para>Support for extended PCI configuration space
262 has been added.</para>
267 <sect3 xml:id="kernel-arm">
268 <title>ARM Support</title>
270 <para revision="259355">The <filename>WANDBOARD</filename>
271 kernel configuration file has been added.</para>
273 <para revision="265067">Boot devices may now be specified by
274 setting a u-boot environment variable. If a boot device is
275 not specified, the probe mechanism will be used. To specify
276 the boot device, set the
277 <literal>loaderdev=<replaceable>device</replaceable></literal>
278 u-boot environment variable.</para>
280 <para revision="266000">The <literal>nexus(4)</literal> driver
281 has been updated to include <quote>Flattened Device
282 Tree</quote> support, replacing the &man.fdtbus.4; driver
283 in most cases.</para>
285 <para revision="266105">The &man.gpioiic.4; and
286 &man.gpioled.4; have been merged from &os;-CURRENT.</para>
288 <para>Support for hardware floating point was added to the
289 kernel, and enabled by default in the configuration files
290 for all platforms that contain the required hardware.</para>
292 <para><application>C++</application> exception handling now
293 works with <application>GCC</application>.</para>
295 <para>Support for <acronym>SMP</acronym> was added to the
296 kernel, and enabled by default in the configuration files
297 for all platforms that contain multi-core CPUs.</para>
299 <para>Support was added for:</para>
303 <para>CHROMEBOOK (Samsung Exynos 5250)</para>
307 <para>COLIBRI (Freescale Vybrid)</para>
311 <para>COSMIC (Freescale Vybrid)</para>
315 <para>IMX53-QSB (Freescale i.MX53)</para>
319 <para>QUARTZ (Freescale Vybrid)</para>
323 <para>RADXA (Rockchip rk30xx)</para>
327 <para>WANDBOARD (Freescale i.MX6)</para>
331 <para>An <acronym>I2C</acronym> driver was added for
332 the RaspberryPi.</para>
334 <para>Drivers have been added to support <acronym>TI</acronym>
335 platforms, such as BEAGLEBONE and PANDABOARD:</para>
339 <para>PRUSS (Programmable Realtime Unit Subsystem)</para>
343 <para>MBOX (Mailbox hardware)</para>
347 <para>SDHCI (new faster driver for
348 <acronym>MMC</acronym>/<acronym>SD</acronym>
353 <para>PPS (Pulse Per Second input on a
354 <acronym>GPIO</acronym>/timer pin)</para>
358 <para>PWM (Pulse Width Modulation output)</para>
362 <para>ADC (Analog to Digital converter)</para>
367 <sect3 xml:id="boot">
368 <title>Boot Loader Changes</title>
370 <para revision="262701">A kernel selection menu has been added
371 to &man.loader.8;. If the <quote>beastie menu</quote> is
372 enabled, the kernel to boot may be selected from the kernel
373 selection menu. Additional kernels may be listed in
374 &man.loader.conf.5; as a comma- or space-separated list. By
375 default, <literal>kernel</literal> and
376 <literal>kernel.old</literal> are listed.</para>
379 <sect3 xml:id="proc">
380 <title>Hardware Support</title>
385 <title>Multimedia Support</title>
391 <sect4 xml:id="net-if">
392 <title>Network Interface Support</title>
394 <para revision="259453">Support for Ralink RT5370 and
395 RT5372 chipsets has been added to the &man.run.4;
398 <para revision="260120">Firmware for the &man.run.4; driver
399 has been updated to version 0.33.</para>
401 <para revision="261868">Support for the Ralink RT3593
402 chipset has been added to the &man.run.4; driver.</para>
404 <para revision="261972">The &man.nve.4; driver is now
405 deprecated, and the &man.nfe.4; driver should be used
408 <para revision="262137">Support for the &man.axge.4; driver
409 has been added. This driver supports the ASIX AX88178A
410 and AX88179 USB ethernet adapters. The AX88178A supports
411 USB 2.0, and the AX88179 supports USB 2.0 and 3.0.</para>
413 <para revision="262363">The &man.urndis.4; driver has been
414 imported from OpenBSD.</para>
416 <para revision="264866">Support for multiple
417 transmitter/receiver queues has been added to the
418 &man.vmx.4; driver.</para>
421 <para>The &os; guest operating system must have
422 <acronym>MSIX</acronym> enabled as a prerequisite for
423 multiple queues.</para>
426 <para revision="265345">Support for the ASUS USB-N10 Nano
427 wireless card has been added to the &man.urtwn.4;
430 <para revision="266212">Transmission checksum offloading has
431 been disabled for the RTL8168C and RTL8168CP chipsets in
432 the &man.re.4; driver for TCP and UDP frames. This is
433 due to a report of UDP datagrams with IP options
434 generating corrupt frames.</para>
436 <para revision="266578">Preliminary support has been added
437 to the &man.urtwn.4; driver for the Realtek RTL8188EUS and
438 RTL8188ETV chipsets.</para>
440 <para revision="267694">A bug in the fast receiver buffer
441 recycle path has been fixed in the &man.cxgbe.4;
444 <para revision="267849" contrib="vendor"
445 vendor="&chelsio;">The bundled &man.cxgbe.4; firmware for
446 T4 and T5 cards has been updated to version
449 <para revision="269196">The &man.em.4; driver has been
450 updated to version 7.4.2.</para>
452 <para revision="269975">The &man.ixgbe.4; tunables have been
453 renamed to match their &man.sysctl.8; counterparts:</para>
455 <informaltable frame="none" pgwide="0">
457 <colspec colwidth="1*"/>
458 <colspec colwidth="1*"/>
461 <entry>Old Name</entry>
462 <entry>New Name</entry>
468 <entry><literal>hw.ixgbe.enable_aim</literal></entry>
469 <entry><literal>hw.ix.enable_aim</literal></entry>
473 <entry><literal>hw.ixgbe.max_interrupt_rate</literal></entry>
474 <entry><literal>hw.ix.max_interrupt_rate</literal></entry>
478 <entry><literal>hw.ixgbe.rx_process_limit</literal></entry>
479 <entry><literal>hw.ix.rx_process_limit</literal></entry>
483 <entry><literal>hw.ixgbe.tx_process_limit</literal></entry>
484 <entry><literal>hw.ix.tx_process_limit</literal></entry>
488 <entry><literal>hw.ixgbe.enable_msix</literal></entry>
489 <entry><literal>hw.ix.enable_msix</literal></entry>
493 <entry><literal>hw.ixgbe.num_queues</literal></entry>
494 <entry><literal>hw.ix.num_queues</literal></entry>
498 <entry><literal>hw.ixgbe.txd</literal></entry>
499 <entry><literal>hw.ix.txd</literal></entry>
503 <entry><literal>hw.ixgbe.rxd</literal></entry>
504 <entry><literal>hw.ix.rxd</literal></entry>
508 <entry><literal>hw.ixgbe.unsupported_sfp</literal></entry>
509 <entry><literal>hw.ix.unsupported_sfp</literal></entry>
515 <para>Be sure to update &man.loader.conf.5; if using the
516 old tunables before upgrading to
517 &os; &release.current;.</para>
519 <para revision="270061">The &man.if.nf10bmac.4; driver has
520 been merged from &os;-CURRENT to support the NetFPGA-10G
521 Embedded CPU Ethernet Core.</para>
523 <para revision="270297">The &man.cxgbe.4; driver has been
524 updated to support &man.netmap.4; for the T5 10G/40G
527 <para revision="270509">The &man.vtnet.4; driver has been
528 updated to support &man.netmap.4;.</para>
530 <para revision="270514">The &man.urtwn.4; driver has been
531 updated to support the ASUS USB-AC51 wireless card.</para>
533 <para revision="270631">The &intel; XL710 ethernet
534 controller driver, <literal>ixlv(4)</literal>, has been
535 merged from &os;-CURRENT.</para>
539 <sect3 xml:id="net-proto">
540 <title>Network Protocols</title>
542 <para revision="265946">Support for the UDP-Lite protocol
543 (RFC 3828) has been added to the IPv4 and IPv6
546 <para revision="267771">A bug in &man.sctp.4; that would allow
547 two listening sockets bound to the same port has been
550 <para contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ix;">Kernel RPC code, which
551 is a base of NFS server took multiple optimizations, that
552 significantly improved its performance and
553 <acronym>SMP</acronym> scapability.</para>
555 <para>New kernel-based iSCSI target and initiator code took
556 many fixes and performance optimizations.</para>
559 <sect3 xml:id="disks">
560 <title>Disks and Storage</title>
562 <para revision="260385" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ix;">The
563 &man.geom.4; subsystem has been updated to support I/O
564 direct dispatch. When safety requirements are met, it
565 allows to avoid passing I/O requests to GEOM
566 <literal>g_up</literal>/<literal>g_down</literal> thread,
567 executing them directly in the caller context. That allows
568 to avoid CPU bottlenecks in
569 <literal>g_up</literal>/<literal>g_down</literal> threads,
570 plus avoid several context switches per I/O.</para>
572 <para revision="260385" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ix;">The
573 &man.geom.4; RAID driver has been
574 updated to support unmapped I/O.</para>
576 <para revision="260387" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ix;">The
577 &man.cam.4; subsystem has been updated to support
578 finer-grained locking, direct dispatch and multi-queue.
579 Combined with &man.geom.4; direct dispatch that allows to
580 reduce lock congestion and improve <acronym>SMP</acronym>
581 scalability of the SCSI/ATA stack.</para>
583 <para revision="260478">The &man.geom.8;
584 <literal>GEOM_MULTIPATH</literal> class has been updated to
585 support automatic live partition resizing.</para>
587 <para revision="260857">The &man.virtio_blk.4; driver has been
588 updated to support unmapped I/O.</para>
590 <para revision="260858">The &man.virtio_scsi.4; driver has
591 been updated to support unmapped I/O.</para>
593 <para revision="264522">Support for LUN-based CD changers has
594 been removed from the &man.cd.4; driver.</para>
596 <para revision="264732">Support for
597 <literal>BIO_DELETE</literal> has been added to &man.zfs.8;
598 <literal>zvol</literal> volumes.</para>
600 <para revision="264734">Support for 9th generation HP host bus
601 adapter cards has been added to &man.ciss.4;.</para>
603 <para revision="265388" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&lsi;">The
604 &man.mpr.4; device has been added,
605 providing support for LSI Fusion-MPT 3 12Gb SCSI/SATA
608 <para revision="265678">A new <literal>zvol</literal> property
609 <literal>volmode</literal> and &man.sysctl.8;
610 <literal>vfs.zfs.vol.mode</literal> has been added to allow
611 switching <literal>zvol</literal> between three different
612 ways of exposing it to a user: <literal>geom</literal>,
613 <literal>dev</literal> and <literal>none</literal>.</para>
615 <para revision="265922" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&lsi;">The
616 &man.mrsas.4; driver has been added, providing support for
617 LSI MegaRAID SAS controllers. The &man.mfi.4; driver will
618 attach to the controller, by default. To enable
619 &man.mrsas.4; add <literal>hw.mfi.mrsas_enable=1</literal>
620 to <filename>/boot/loader.conf</filename>, which turns off
621 &man.mfi.4; device probing.</para>
624 <para>At this time, the &man.mfiutil.8; utility and the &os;
625 version of <application>MegaCLI</application> and
626 <application>StorCli</application> do not work with
627 &man.mrsas.4;.</para>
630 <para revision="266608">Fixed accounting of
631 <literal>BIO_FLUSH</literal> operation in &man.geom.8;
632 <literal>GEOM_DISK</literal> class</para>
634 <para revision="266610">The &man.gstat.8; utility now has
635 a <literal>-o</literal> option, to display "other" operatins
636 (e.g. <literal>BIO_FLUSH</literal>).</para>
638 <para revision="267084">The &man.mfi.4; driver has been
639 updated to include support for unmapped I/O.</para>
641 <para revision="267457">The &man.hpt27xx.4; driver has been
642 updated with various vendor-supplied bug fixes.</para>
644 <para revision="270130" contrib="sponsor"
645 sponsor="&citrix.rd;">Support for unmapped I/O has been
646 added to the &man.xen.4; <literal>blkfront</literal>
649 <para revision="259328" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;">The
650 &man.geom.8; <literal>label</literal> class is now aware of
651 resized partitions. This corrects an issue where
652 <command>geom resize</command> would resize the partition,
653 but the label provider in <filename
654 class="directory">/dev/gptid/</filename> would not be
657 <para revision="260502">The &man.gmirror.8;
658 utility now has a <literal>resize</literal> command, making
659 it easier to resize the size of a mirror when all of its
660 components have been replaced.</para>
662 <para revision="262967">Support for MegaRAID Fury cards has
663 been added to the &man.mfi.4; driver.</para>
665 <para revision="263024">The &man.aacraid.4; driver has been
666 updated to version 3.2.5.</para>
668 <para revision="265536">The <literal>GEOM_VINUM</literal>
669 option is now able to be built both directly into the kernel
670 or as a &man.kldload.8; loadable module.</para>
672 <para revision="265912">The &man.geom.8;
673 <literal>GEOM_PART</literal> class has been updated to
674 support automatic partition resizing. Changes to the
675 partition size are not saved to disk until
676 <command>gpart commit</command> is run, and prior to saving,
677 can be reverted with <command>gpart undo</command>.</para>
679 <para revision="266220">The &man.geom.uncompress.4; module is
680 built by default which, similar to &man.geom.uzip.4;,
681 provides support for compressed, read-only disk
684 <para revision="268091">Support for the
685 <literal>disklabel64</literal> partitioning scheme has been
686 added to &man.gpart.8;.</para>
688 <para revision="270552">A new &man.sysctl.8; and
689 &man.loader.8; tunable,
690 <literal>kern.geom.part.mbr.enforce_chs</literal> has been
691 added to the &man.geom.8; <literal>MBR</literal> partition
692 class. When set to a non-zero value,
693 <literal>GEOM_PART_MBR</literal> will automatically
694 recalculate the user-specified offset and size for alignment
695 with the disk geometry.</para>
697 <para contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ix;">Many improvements to
698 the CAM Target Layer (CTL):</para>
701 <para>Support for <literal>UNMAP</literal>, <literal>WRITE
702 SAME</literal>, <literal>COMPARE AND WRITE</literal>,
703 <literal>XCOPY</literal> and some other SCSI commands
704 was added to support VMWare VAAI and Microsoft ODX
705 storage acceleration.</para>
708 <para revision="265642">The
709 <literal>READ</literal>/<literal>WRITE</literal> size
710 limitations were removed by supporting multiple
711 data moves per command.</para>
714 <para revision="268556">Finer-grained per-LUN locking and
715 multiple worker threads for better
716 <acronym>SMP</acronym> scapability.</para>
719 <para revision="269297">Memory consumption reduced by
720 several times by disabling some never used
721 functionality.</para>
724 <para revision="269298">The maximum number of
725 <acronym>SCSI</acronym> ports increased from 32 to
729 <para revision="269429">Improved <literal>zvol</literal>
730 integration for better performance.</para>
736 <title>File Systems</title>
738 <para revision="260338">The
739 <literal>vfs.zfs.zio.use_uma</literal> &man.sysctl.8; has
740 been re-enabled. On multi-CPU machines with enough RAM,
741 this can easily double &man.zfs.8; performance or reduce CPU
742 usage in half. It was originally disabled due to memory and
743 <acronym>KVA</acronym> exhaustion problem reports, which
744 should be resolved due to several change in the VM
747 <para revision="260178" contrib="vendor"
748 vendor="&netflix;">A new flag, <literal>-R</literal>,
749 has been added to the &man.fsck.ffs.8; utility. When used,
750 &man.fsck.ffs.8; will restart itself when too many critical
751 errors have been detected.</para>
753 <para revision="263407">The &man.zfs.8; filesystem has been
754 updated to implement <quote>bookmarks</quote>. See
755 &man.zfs.8; for further details.</para>
757 <para revision="266122">The &man.zfs.8; filesystem has been
758 updated to allow tuning the minimum <quote>ashift</quote>
759 value when creating new top-level virtual devices (vdevs).
760 To set the minimum ashift value, for example when creating
761 a &man.zpool.8; on <quote>Advanced Format</quote> drives,
762 set the <literal>vfs.zfs.min_auto_ashift</literal>
763 &man.sysctl.8; accordingly.</para>
765 <para revision="266612">The <literal>libzfs</literal> thread
766 pool <acronym>API</acronym> has been imported from
767 OpenSolaris, and adapted for &os;. This change allows
768 parallel disk scanning, which can reduce &man.zpool.8;
769 overall import time in some workloads.</para>
771 <para revision="269651">The &man.restore.8; utility has been
772 updated to prevent assertion failures when restoring
773 a <acronym>UFS</acronym> filesystem dump to
774 a <acronym>ZFS</acronym> filesystem by writing restored
775 files in block sizes that are a multiple of 1024.</para>
777 <para revision="269774">Two &man.sysctl.8;s have been added
778 to the &man.zfs.8; filesystem:</para>
783 <literal>vfs.zfs.mg_fragmentation_threshold</literal>: The
784 percentage of the metaslab group size that should be
785 considered eligible for allocation, unless all metaslab
786 groups within the metaslab class have also crossed this
792 <literal>vfs.zfs.metaslab.fragmentation_threshold</literal>: The
793 maximum percentage of metaslab fragmentation level to
794 keep their active state</para>
798 <para revision="269846">The default &man.zfs.8;
799 <acronym>ARC</acronym> hash table size has been increased,
800 and a new &man.loader.8; tunable,
801 <literal>vfs.zfs.arc_average_blocksize</literal>, has been
802 added. Previously, the hash table could be too small, which
803 would lead to long hash chains and limit performance for
805 <literal>vfs.zfs.arc_average_blocksize</literal> tunable
806 allows overriding the default block size. The previous
807 default was 65536, and default of the new &man.loader.8;
808 tunable is 8192.</para>
810 <para revision="270157">The Fast File System
811 (<acronym>FFS</acronym>) has been updated to support
812 multi-threaded soft updates. Previously, soft updates were
813 handled by a single thread, and as of this change, now have
814 one thread per <acronym>FFS</acronym> mountpoint.</para>
818 <sect2 xml:id="userland">
819 <title>Userland Changes</title>
821 <para revision="260177" contrib="sponsor"
822 sponsor="&netflix;">A new flag is added to &man.camcontrol.8;,
823 <literal>-b</literal>, which outputs the existing buses and
824 their parents.</para>
826 <para revision="262075">The &man.newsyslog.8; utility has been
827 updated to rotate files based on the actual file size instead
828 of the blocks on disk. This matches the behavior documented
829 in &man.newsyslog.conf.5;.</para>
831 <para revision="262384">The location of the &man.rctl.8;
832 configuration file can now be overridden in &man.rc.conf.5;.
833 To use a non-default location, set
834 <literal>rctl_rules</literal> in &man.rc.conf.5; to the
835 location of the file.</para>
837 <para revision="262855">The <application>ATF</application> test
838 suite has been updated to version 0.20.</para>
840 <para revision="263019">The <literal>libucl</literal> library
841 (Unified Configuration Library) has been merged from
844 <para revision="263020">The &man.pkg.7; bootstrapping utility
845 has been synced with the version in &os;-CURRENT.</para>
847 <para revision="263403">The &man.zfs.8; userland utility has
848 been updated to include aliases for
849 <command>snapshot</command>, which allows use of <command>zfs
850 list -t snap</command> and <command>zfs
851 snap</command>.</para>
853 <para revision="263405">The &man.zfs.8; userland utility has
854 been updated to include a new flag to <command>zfs
855 list</command>, <literal>-p</literal>, which when specified,
856 prints the output in a parsable format.</para>
858 <para revision="263783">The Blowfish password format
859 implementation updated. Support for $2b$ has
860 been added, allowing use of passwords greater than 256
861 characters long.</para>
863 <para revision="264497">The &man.iconv.3; library has been
864 updated to match NetBSD, providing several bug fixes.</para>
866 <para revision="265265">The &man.date.1; utility has been
867 updated to include a new flag, <literal>-R</literal>, which
868 prints the date and time output as specified in RFC
871 <para revision="265533">The &man.bc.1; utility has been updated
872 to version 1.1, in sync with the version in OpenBSD.</para>
874 <para revision="265604" contrib="vendor"
875 vendor="&netflix;">The &man.pmcstat.8; utility has been
876 updated to include a new flag, <literal>-a</literal>, which
877 when specified, produces a full stack track on the sampled
880 <para revision="265701">The &man.netstat.8; and &man.route.8;
881 utilities have been updated to include a shorthand equivalent
882 to the <literal>-f inet</literal> and <literal>-f
883 inet6</literal> address specifiers, <literal>-4</literal>
884 and <literal>-6</literal>, respectively.</para>
886 <para revision="265879">The &man.crypt.3; library now defaults
887 to SHA512 for password hashing.</para>
889 <para revision="266014">The &man.gvinum.8; utility has been
890 updated to allow forceful configuration reset with the
891 <literal>-f</literal> flag. Additionally, a bug that would
892 prevent <literal>-f</literal> from properly creating
893 a &man.gvinum.8; configuration has been fixed.</para>
895 <para revision="266029">The &man.login.conf.5; file now takes
896 precedence over the shell-specific environment files. In
897 particular, the <literal>PATH</literal>,
898 <literal>BLOCKSIZE</literal> variables are commented from
899 <filename>/usr/share/skel/dot.profile</filename>, and the
900 <literal>path</literal>, <literal>BLOCKSIZE</literal>, and
901 <literal>umask</literal> variables have been commented from
902 <filename>/usr/share/skel/dot.cshrc</filename>.</para>
904 <para revision="266272">The &man.binmiscctl.8; userland utility
905 and related image activator features have been merged from
908 <para revision="266279">The &man.ps.1; utility has been
909 updated to include the <literal>-J</literal> flag, used to
910 filter output by matching &man.jail.8; IDs and names.
911 Additionally, argument <literal>0</literal> can be used to
912 <literal>-J</literal> to only list processes running on the
915 <para revision="266280">The &man.top.1; utility has been updated
916 to filter by &man.jail.8; ID or name, in followup to the
917 &man.ps.1; change in <literal>r265229</literal>.</para>
919 <para revision="266610">The &man.gstat.8; utility has been
920 updated to include a new flag, <literal>-o</literal>. When
921 set, &man.gstat.8; will display statistics for operations
922 such as <literal>BIO_FLUSH</literal>.</para>
924 <para revision="266632">The &man.fetch.3; library has been
925 updated to look for root <acronym>SSL</acronym> certificates
926 in <filename class="directory">/usr/local/etc/ssl/</filename>
928 class="directory">/etc/ssl/</filename>.</para>
930 <para revision="266715">The &man.clang.1;/llvm suite has been
931 updated to version 3.4.1.</para>
933 <para revision="266816">The Blowfish password format
934 has been changed to $2b$ by default.</para>
936 <para revision="266888">The amount of data collected for
937 &man.hwpmc.4; has been updated to work with modern processors
938 and larger amounts of available memory.</para>
940 <para revision="266890">The &man.pmcstat.8; utility has been
941 updated to include a new flag, <literal>-l</literal>, which
942 ends event collection after the specified number of
945 <para revision="266953">The &man.mergemaster.8; utility has
946 been updated to avoid printing
947 <quote><filename>/var/tmp/temproot</filename>
948 disappeared</quote> if there is nothing to compare.</para>
950 <para revision="267056">The &os; installer, &man.bsdinstall.8;,
951 has been updated to include optional
952 &man.geli.8;-encrypted or &man.gmirror.8;-mirrored swap
953 devices when installing onto a full &man.zfs.8; filesystem.
954 Additionally, the parent &man.zfs.8; dataset is now configured
955 with <literal>lz4</literal> compression enabled.</para>
957 <para revision="267113">The default &man.newsyslog.conf.5; now
958 includes files in the
959 <filename>/etc/newsyslog.conf.d/</filename> and
960 <filename>/usr/local/etc/newsyslog.conf.d/</filename>
961 directories by default for &man.newsyslog.8;.</para>
963 <para revision="267161">The &man.realpath.1; utility has been
964 updated to return <literal>ENOTDIR</literal> on paths
965 components <quote>.</quote> and <quote>..</quote> that are
966 not directories, such as <filename
967 class="directory">/dev/null/.</filename> or <filename
968 class="directory">/dev/null/..</filename>.</para>
970 <para revision="267236">A new flag, <quote>onifconsole</quote>
971 has been added to <filename>/etc/ttys</filename>. This allows
972 the system to provide a login prompt via serial console if the
973 device is an active kernel console, otherwise it is equivalent
974 to <literal>off</literal>.</para>
976 <para revision="267341">Support for legacy
977 <acronym>PCI</acronym> devices has been removed from
978 &man.bhyve.8;.</para>
980 <para revision="267450">The &man.bhyve.8; userland utility
981 has been updated to include SMBIOS support. A new flag has
982 been added, <literal>-U</literal>, which allows specifying the
983 UUID of the guest in the System Information structure.</para>
985 <para revision="267734">The &os; Project has migrated
986 from the <application>GNATS</application> bug tracking system
987 to <application>Bugzilla</application>. The &man.send-pr.1;
988 utility used for submitting problem reports has been replaced
989 with a stub shell script that instructs to use the Bugzilla
990 web interface.</para>
992 <para revision="267747">The &man.patch.1; utility has been
993 updated to include a <literal>--dry-run</literal> flag, which
994 is equivalent to <literal>--check</literal> and
995 <literal>-C</literal>.</para>
997 <para revision="267878">A bug in &man.bsdgrep.1; that would
998 prevent patterns from being matched under certain conditions
999 has been fixed.</para>
1001 <para revision="267979">The &man.procstat.1; utility has been
1002 updated to include two new flags, <literal>-r</literal> and
1003 <literal>-H</literal>. When <literal>-r</literal> is
1004 specified, &man.procstat.1; will print current resource usage
1005 about the process(es). When <literal>-H</literal> is
1006 specified, &man.procstat.1; will print information about
1007 threads rather than the process(es).</para>
1010 <para>The <literal>-H</literal> flag is currently only used
1011 with <literal>-r</literal> to display resource usage for
1012 individual threads, rather than the entire process.</para>
1015 <para revision="268019">The &man.sed.1; utility has been
1016 updated to include a new flag, <literal>-u</literal>, which
1017 enables unbuffered output when specified.</para>
1019 <para revision="268161">The &man.mkimg.1; utility has been
1020 merged from &os;-CURRENT.</para>
1022 <para revision="268700" contrib="sponsor"
1023 sponsor="&spectralogic;">The &man.camcontrol.8; has been
1024 updated to include a new <literal>persist</literal> command,
1025 which allows issuing <command>SCSI PERSISTENT RESERVE
1026 IN</command> and <command>SCSI PERSISTENT RESERVE
1027 OUT</command>.</para>
1029 <para revision="268791">The &man.gstat.8; utility has been
1030 updated to include a new flag, <literal>-p</literal>, which
1031 displays only physical providers when specified.</para>
1033 <para revision="268903">The &man.kldstat.8; utility has been
1034 updated to allow <literal>-q</literal> to be specified when
1035 also specifying <literal>-n
1036 <replaceable>module.ko</replaceable></literal>.</para>
1038 <para revision="269177">The &man.mkimg.1; utility has been
1039 updated to include support for both fixed- and
1040 dynamically-allocated images for the <acronym>VHD</acronym>
1041 and <acronym>VMDK</acronym> formats.</para>
1043 <para revision="269220">The &man.random.4; entropy collection
1044 script, <filename>/usr/libexec/save-entropy</filename>, no
1045 longer runs within &man.jail.8; environments.</para>
1047 <para revision="269397">The &man.bhyve.8; wrapper script,
1048 <filename>/usr/share/examples/bhyve/vmrun.sh</filename>,
1049 has been synced with &os;-CURRENT.</para>
1051 <para>This update includes:</para>
1055 <para>A new flag, <literal>-e</literal>, has been added,
1056 which is used to set &man.loader.8; environment
1061 <para>A new flag, <literal>-C</literal>, has been added,
1062 which is used to specify the guest console device.</para>
1066 <para>A new flag, <literal>-H</literal>, has been added,
1067 which is used to pass the host path to
1068 &man.bhyveload.8;.</para>
1072 <para>Support for multiple disk and &man.tap.4; devices
1073 has been added.</para>
1077 <para>The <literal>-I</literal> flag has been
1082 <para revision="269398">The &man.nfsd.8; server update to 4.1,
1083 adding support for RFC5661, has merged from
1084 &os;-CURRENT.</para>
1086 <para revision="269432" arch="ia64">The serial terminals
1087 <filename>ttyu0</filename> and <filename>ttyu1</filename> have
1088 been updated to <literal>onifconsole</literal> by default in
1089 &man.ttys.5;, which either can be the serial console,
1090 depending on the platform.</para>
1092 <para revision="269800">The &man.ping6.8; utility has been
1093 updated to reset <literal>itimer</literal> when the maximum
1094 number of packets to send have been reached. This prevents
1095 &man.ping6.8; from exiting when the interval in set to a small
1096 value and a low number of packets to send has been
1099 <para revision="269805">The &man.jail.8; utility has been
1100 updated to support extra &man.ifconfig.8; arguments for the
1101 <literal>ip4.addr</literal> and <literal>ip6.addr</literal>
1102 parameters. This change allows &man.carp.4; interfaces to
1103 be used within the &man.jail.8;.</para>
1105 <para revision="269946">Support for generating and compiling
1106 <acronym>USDT</acronym> <application>DTrace</application>
1107 probes has been improved. <application>DTrace</application>
1108 <acronym>USDT</acronym> files are now handled similar to
1109 &man.lex.1; and &man.yacc.1; files, meaning support for
1110 handling <application>D</application> files as part of the
1111 build process is built into the <literal>SRCS</literal>
1112 &man.make.1; environment variable.</para>
1114 <para revision="269968">The &man.iscsictl.8; utility has been
1115 updated to include a new flag, <literal>-M</literal>, which
1116 allows modifying the <acronym>iSCSI</acronym> session
1117 parameters without requiring the session to be removed and
1120 <para revision="270043">The &man.mount.nfs.8; utility has been
1121 updated to support specifying the NFS version as
1122 a <literal>key=<replaceable>value</replaceable></literal> pair
1123 argument to the <literal>-o</literal> flag. For example, to
1124 specify NFS version 4, the syntax to use is
1125 <literal>-o vers=4</literal>.</para>
1127 <para revision="270242" contrib="sponsor"
1128 sponsor="&spectralogic;">The &man.devd.8; client socket type
1129 has been changed to <literal>SOCK_SEQPACKET</literal>,
1130 providing sequential packet support.</para>
1132 <para revision="270401">Support for the <quote>account</quote>
1133 facility has been added to the &man.pam.group.8;
1136 <sect3 xml:id="rc-scripts">
1137 <title><filename>/etc/rc.d</filename> Scripts</title>
1139 <para revision="264438">The <filename>network.subr</filename>
1140 &man.rc.8; script has been updated to loosen the requirement
1141 of listing network aliases in numeric order. Previously,
1143 <literal>_alias<replaceable>2</replaceable></literal>
1144 would not be created if
1145 <literal>_alias<replaceable>1</replaceable></literal> was
1148 <para revision="268098">The &man.service.8; utility has been
1149 updated to check that the &man.rc.d.8; directory exists
1150 before traversing the directory.</para>
1154 <sect2 xml:id="contrib">
1155 <title>Contributed Software</title>
1157 <para revision="263285">The &man.xz.1; utility has been updated
1158 to a post-5.0.5 snapshot.</para>
1160 <para revision="264377"><application>OpenSSH</application> has
1161 been updated to version 6.6p1.</para>
1163 <para revision="264911">The &man.nc.1; utility has been updated
1164 to match the version in OpenBSD 5.5.</para>
1166 <para revision="266692"><application>Sendmail</application>
1167 has been updated to 8.14.9.</para>
1169 <para revision="267477">The timezone database has been updated
1170 to version tzdata2014e.</para>
1172 <para revision="268515">The &man.file.1; utility and
1173 &man.libmagic.3; library have been updated to 5.19.</para>
1175 <para revision="268899">The &man.byacc.1; parser has been
1176 updated to version 20140422.</para>
1178 <para revision="269024" contrib="sponsor"
1179 sponsor="&darpa_afrl;">The &man.lldb.1; debugging library has
1180 been updated to the r202189 snapshot.</para>
1182 <para revision="269257">The &man.unbound.8; caching resolver and
1183 <literal>ldns</literal> have been updated to version
1186 <para revision="269686"><application>OpenSSL</application> has
1187 been updated to version 1.0.1i.</para>
1189 <para revision="269847">The <quote>lite</quote> version of
1190 <application>Subversion</application> included in the
1191 &os; base system and its dependencies have been
1196 <para><application>apr</application> has been
1197 updated to version 1.5.1.</para>
1201 <para><application>apr-util</application> has been
1202 updated to version 1.5.3.</para>
1206 <para><application>serf</application> has been
1207 updated to version 1.3.7.</para>
1211 <para><application>svnlite</application> has been
1212 updated to version 1.8.10.</para>
1216 <para revision="270026">The &man.nvi.1; editor has been
1217 update to version 2.1.2-c80f493b038.</para>
1219 <para revision="270031">The &man.fparseln.3; library has
1220 been updated to version 1.7.</para>
1222 <para revision="270415">The <application>lukemftpd</application>
1223 <acronym>FTP</acronym> server has been removed from the
1224 &os; base system.</para>
1227 <sect2 xml:id="ports">
1228 <title>Ports/Packages Collection Infrastructure</title>
1234 <sect2 xml:id="releng">
1235 <title>Release Engineering and Integration</title>
1237 <para revision="263028">The &man.services.mkdb.8; utility has
1238 been updated to include endianness awareness, allowing the
1239 <filename>services.db</filename> database to be created as
1240 part of the release build, regardless of native- or
1241 cross-built releases.</para>
1244 <sect2 xml:id="doc">
1245 <title>Documentation</title>
1252 <sect1 xml:id="upgrade">
1253 <title>Upgrading from Previous Releases of &os;</title>
1255 <para arch="amd64,i386">Binary upgrades between RELEASE versions
1256 (and snapshots of the various security branches) are supported
1257 using the &man.freebsd-update.8; utility. The binary upgrade
1258 procedure will update unmodified userland utilities, as well as
1259 unmodified <filename>GENERIC</filename> kernel distributed as
1260 a part of an official &os; release. The &man.freebsd-update.8;
1261 utility requires that the host being upgraded have Internet
1262 connectivity.</para>
1264 <para>Source-based upgrades (those based on recompiling the &os;
1265 base system from source code) from previous versions are
1266 supported, according to the instructions in
1267 <filename>/usr/src/UPDATING</filename>.</para>
1270 <para>Upgrading &os; should only be attempted after
1271 backing up <emphasis>all</emphasis> data and configuration