2 * Copyright (c) 2002 Networks Associates Technology, Inc.
5 * This software was developed for the FreeBSD Project by Marshall
6 * Kirk McKusick and Network Associates Laboratories, the Security
7 * Research Division of Network Associates, Inc. under DARPA/SPAWAR
8 * contract N66001-01-C-8035 ("CBOSS"), as part of the DARPA CHATS
11 * Copyright (c) 1983, 1989, 1993, 1994
12 * The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
14 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
15 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
17 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
18 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
19 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
20 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
21 * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
22 * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
23 * may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
24 * without specific prior written permission.
26 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
27 * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
28 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
29 * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
30 * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
31 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
32 * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
33 * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
34 * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
35 * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
41 static const char copyright[] =
42 "@(#) Copyright (c) 1983, 1989, 1993, 1994\n\
43 The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.\n";
47 static char sccsid[] = "@(#)newfs.c 8.13 (Berkeley) 5/1/95";
50 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
51 __FBSDID("$FreeBSD$");
54 * newfs: friendly front end to mkfs
56 #include <sys/param.h>
59 #include <sys/disklabel.h>
61 #include <sys/mount.h>
63 #include <ufs/ufs/dir.h>
64 #include <ufs/ufs/dinode.h>
65 #include <ufs/ffs/fs.h>
66 #include <ufs/ufs/ufsmount.h>
83 * The following two constants set the default block and fragment sizes.
84 * Both constants must be a power of 2 and meet the following constraints:
85 * MINBSIZE <= DESBLKSIZE <= MAXBSIZE
86 * sectorsize <= DESFRAGSIZE <= DESBLKSIZE
87 * DESBLKSIZE / DESFRAGSIZE <= 8
89 #define DFL_FRAGSIZE 2048
90 #define DFL_BLKSIZE 16384
93 * Cylinder groups may have up to MAXBLKSPERCG blocks. The actual
94 * number used depends upon how much information can be stored
95 * in a cylinder group map which must fit in a single file system
96 * block. The default is to use as many as possible blocks per group.
98 #define MAXBLKSPERCG 0x7fffffff /* desired fs_fpg ("infinity") */
101 * MAXBLKPG determines the maximum number of data blocks which are
102 * placed in a single cylinder group. The default is one indirect
103 * block worth of data blocks.
105 #define MAXBLKPG(bsize) ((bsize) / sizeof(ufs2_daddr_t))
108 * Each file system has a number of inodes statically allocated.
109 * We allocate one inode slot per NFPI fragments, expecting this
110 * to be far more than we will ever need.
114 int Eflag; /* Erase previous disk contents */
115 int Lflag; /* add a volume label */
116 int Nflag; /* run without writing file system */
117 int Oflag = 2; /* file system format (1 => UFS1, 2 => UFS2) */
118 int Rflag; /* regression test */
119 int Uflag; /* enable soft updates for file system */
120 int Xflag = 0; /* exit in middle of newfs for testing */
121 int Jflag; /* enable gjournal for file system */
122 int lflag; /* enable multilabel for file system */
123 int nflag; /* do not create .snap directory */
124 intmax_t fssize; /* file system size */
125 int sectorsize; /* bytes/sector */
126 int realsectorsize; /* bytes/sector in hardware */
127 int fsize = 0; /* fragment size */
128 int bsize = 0; /* block size */
129 int maxbsize = 0; /* maximum clustering */
130 int maxblkspercg = MAXBLKSPERCG; /* maximum blocks per cylinder group */
131 int minfree = MINFREE; /* free space threshold */
132 int opt = DEFAULTOPT; /* optimization preference (space or time) */
133 int density; /* number of bytes per inode */
134 int maxcontig = 0; /* max contiguous blocks to allocate */
135 int maxbpg; /* maximum blocks per file in a cyl group */
136 int avgfilesize = AVFILESIZ;/* expected average file size */
137 int avgfilesperdir = AFPDIR;/* expected number of files per directory */
138 u_char *volumelabel = NULL; /* volume label for filesystem */
139 struct uufsd disk; /* libufs disk structure */
141 static char device[MAXPATHLEN];
142 static u_char bootarea[BBSIZE];
143 static int is_file; /* work on a file, not a device */
145 static char *disktype;
146 static int unlabeled;
148 static void getfssize(intmax_t *, const char *p, intmax_t, intmax_t);
149 static struct disklabel *getdisklabel(char *s);
150 static void rewritelabel(char *s, struct disklabel *lp);
151 static void usage(void);
153 ufs2_daddr_t part_ofs; /* partition offset in blocks, used with files */
156 main(int argc, char *argv[])
158 struct partition *pp;
159 struct disklabel *lp;
160 struct partition oldpartition;
166 char part_name; /* partition name, default to full disk */
170 while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv,
171 "EJL:NO:RS:T:UXa:b:c:d:e:f:g:h:i:lm:no:r:s:")) != -1)
180 volumelabel = optarg;
182 while (isalnum(volumelabel[++i]));
183 if (volumelabel[i] != '\0') {
184 errx(1, "bad volume label. Valid characters are alphanumerics.");
186 if (strlen(volumelabel) >= MAXVOLLEN) {
187 errx(1, "bad volume label. Length is longer than %d.",
196 if ((Oflag = atoi(optarg)) < 1 || Oflag > 2)
197 errx(1, "%s: bad file system format value",
204 if ((sectorsize = atoi(optarg)) <= 0)
205 errx(1, "%s: bad sector size", optarg);
217 if ((maxcontig = atoi(optarg)) <= 0)
218 errx(1, "%s: bad maximum contiguous blocks",
222 if ((bsize = atoi(optarg)) < MINBSIZE)
223 errx(1, "%s: block size too small, min is %d",
225 if (bsize > MAXBSIZE)
226 errx(1, "%s: block size too large, max is %d",
230 if ((maxblkspercg = atoi(optarg)) <= 0)
231 errx(1, "%s: bad blocks per cylinder group",
235 if ((maxbsize = atoi(optarg)) < MINBSIZE)
236 errx(1, "%s: bad extent block size", optarg);
239 if ((maxbpg = atoi(optarg)) <= 0)
240 errx(1, "%s: bad blocks per file in a cylinder group",
244 if ((fsize = atoi(optarg)) <= 0)
245 errx(1, "%s: bad fragment size", optarg);
248 if ((avgfilesize = atoi(optarg)) <= 0)
249 errx(1, "%s: bad average file size", optarg);
252 if ((avgfilesperdir = atoi(optarg)) <= 0)
253 errx(1, "%s: bad average files per dir", optarg);
256 if ((density = atoi(optarg)) <= 0)
257 errx(1, "%s: bad bytes per inode", optarg);
263 if ((minfree = atoi(optarg)) < 0 || minfree > 99)
264 errx(1, "%s: bad free space %%", optarg);
270 if (strcmp(optarg, "space") == 0)
272 else if (strcmp(optarg, "time") == 0)
276 "%s: unknown optimization preference: use `space' or `time'",
281 reserved = strtoimax(optarg, &cp, 0);
282 if (errno != 0 || cp == optarg ||
283 *cp != '\0' || reserved < 0)
284 errx(1, "%s: bad reserved size", optarg);
288 part_name = optarg[0];
293 fssize = strtoimax(optarg, &cp, 0);
294 if (errno != 0 || cp == optarg ||
295 *cp != '\0' || fssize < 0)
296 errx(1, "%s: bad file system size", optarg);
310 err(1, "empty file/special name");
311 cp = strrchr(special, '/');
314 * No path prefix; try prefixing _PATH_DEV.
316 snprintf(device, sizeof(device), "%s%s", _PATH_DEV, special);
321 /* bypass ufs_disk_fillout_blank */
322 bzero( &disk, sizeof(disk));
324 disk.d_name = special;
325 disk.d_fd = open(special, O_RDONLY);
327 (!Nflag && ufs_disk_write(&disk) == -1))
328 errx(1, "%s: ", special);
329 } else if (ufs_disk_fillout_blank(&disk, special) == -1 ||
330 (!Nflag && ufs_disk_write(&disk) == -1)) {
331 if (disk.d_error != NULL)
332 errx(1, "%s: %s", special, disk.d_error);
334 err(1, "%s", special);
336 if (fstat(disk.d_fd, &st) < 0)
337 err(1, "%s", special);
338 if ((st.st_mode & S_IFMT) != S_IFCHR) {
339 warn("%s: not a character-special device", special);
340 is_file = 1; /* assume it is a file */
344 mediasize = st.st_size;
345 /* set fssize from the partition */
348 if (ioctl(disk.d_fd, DIOCGSECTORSIZE, §orsize) == -1)
349 sectorsize = 0; /* back out on error for safety */
350 if (sectorsize && ioctl(disk.d_fd, DIOCGMEDIASIZE, &mediasize) != -1)
351 getfssize(&fssize, special, mediasize / sectorsize, reserved);
354 lp = getdisklabel(special);
356 if (!is_file) /* already set for files */
357 part_name = special[strlen(special) - 1];
358 if ((part_name < 'a' || part_name - 'a' >= MAXPARTITIONS) &&
360 errx(1, "%s: can't figure out file system partition",
364 pp = &lp->d_partitions[RAW_PART];
366 pp = &lp->d_partitions[*cp - 'a'];
369 errx(1, "%s: `%c' partition is unavailable",
371 if (pp->p_fstype == FS_BOOT)
372 errx(1, "%s: `%c' partition overlaps boot program",
374 getfssize(&fssize, special, pp->p_size, reserved);
376 sectorsize = lp->d_secsize;
380 bsize = pp->p_frag * pp->p_fsize;
382 part_ofs = pp->p_offset;
385 errx(1, "%s: no default sector size", special);
387 fsize = MAX(DFL_FRAGSIZE, sectorsize);
389 bsize = MIN(DFL_BLKSIZE, 8 * fsize);
393 * Maxcontig sets the default for the maximum number of blocks
394 * that may be allocated sequentially. With file system clustering
395 * it is possible to allocate contiguous blocks up to the maximum
396 * transfer size permitted by the controller or buffering.
399 maxcontig = MAX(1, MAXPHYS / bsize);
401 density = NFPI * fsize;
402 if (minfree < MINFREE && opt != FS_OPTSPACE) {
403 fprintf(stderr, "Warning: changing optimization to space ");
404 fprintf(stderr, "because minfree is less than %d%%\n", MINFREE);
408 maxbpg = MAXBLKPG(bsize);
409 realsectorsize = sectorsize;
410 if (sectorsize != DEV_BSIZE) { /* XXX */
411 int secperblk = sectorsize / DEV_BSIZE;
413 sectorsize = DEV_BSIZE;
416 pp->p_size *= secperblk;
420 if (realsectorsize != DEV_BSIZE)
421 pp->p_size /= realsectorsize / DEV_BSIZE;
422 if (!Nflag && bcmp(pp, &oldpartition, sizeof(oldpartition)))
423 rewritelabel(special, lp);
425 ufs_disk_close(&disk);
430 getfssize(intmax_t *fsz, const char *s, intmax_t disksize, intmax_t reserved)
434 available = disksize - reserved;
436 errx(1, "%s: reserved not less than device size %jd",
440 else if (*fsz > available)
441 errx(1, "%s: maximum file system size is %jd",
446 getdisklabel(char *s)
448 static struct disklabel lab;
449 struct disklabel *lp;
452 if (read(disk.d_fd, bootarea, BBSIZE) != BBSIZE)
453 err(4, "cannot read bootarea");
454 if (bsd_disklabel_le_dec(
455 bootarea + (0 /* labeloffset */ +
456 1 /* labelsoffset */ * sectorsize),
457 &lab, MAXPARTITIONS))
458 errx(1, "no valid label found");
464 if (ioctl(disk.d_fd, DIOCGDINFO, (char *)&lab) != -1)
468 lp = getdiskbyname(disktype);
476 rewritelabel(char *s, struct disklabel *lp)
481 lp->d_checksum = dkcksum(lp);
483 bsd_disklabel_le_enc(bootarea + 0 /* labeloffset */ +
484 1 /* labelsoffset */ * sectorsize, lp);
485 lseek(disk.d_fd, 0, SEEK_SET);
486 if (write(disk.d_fd, bootarea, BBSIZE) != BBSIZE)
487 errx(1, "cannot write label");
490 if (ioctl(disk.d_fd, DIOCWDINFO, (char *)lp) == -1)
491 warn("ioctl (WDINFO): %s: can't rewrite disk label", s);
498 "usage: %s [ -fsoptions ] special-device%s\n",
501 fprintf(stderr, "where fsoptions are:\n");
502 fprintf(stderr, "\t-E Erase previuos disk content\n");
503 fprintf(stderr, "\t-J Enable journaling via gjournal\n");
504 fprintf(stderr, "\t-L volume label to add to superblock\n");
506 "\t-N do not create file system, just print out parameters\n");
507 fprintf(stderr, "\t-O file system format: 1 => UFS1, 2 => UFS2\n");
508 fprintf(stderr, "\t-R regression test, supress random factors\n");
509 fprintf(stderr, "\t-S sector size\n");
510 fprintf(stderr, "\t-T disktype\n");
511 fprintf(stderr, "\t-U enable soft updates\n");
512 fprintf(stderr, "\t-a maximum contiguous blocks\n");
513 fprintf(stderr, "\t-b block size\n");
514 fprintf(stderr, "\t-c blocks per cylinders group\n");
515 fprintf(stderr, "\t-d maximum extent size\n");
516 fprintf(stderr, "\t-e maximum blocks per file in a cylinder group\n");
517 fprintf(stderr, "\t-f frag size\n");
518 fprintf(stderr, "\t-g average file size\n");
519 fprintf(stderr, "\t-h average files per directory\n");
520 fprintf(stderr, "\t-i number of bytes per inode\n");
521 fprintf(stderr, "\t-l enable multilabel MAC\n");
522 fprintf(stderr, "\t-n do not create .snap directory\n");
523 fprintf(stderr, "\t-m minimum free space %%\n");
524 fprintf(stderr, "\t-o optimization preference (`space' or `time')\n");
525 fprintf(stderr, "\t-p partition name (a..h)\n");
526 fprintf(stderr, "\t-r reserved sectors at the end of device\n");
527 fprintf(stderr, "\t-s file system size (sectors)\n");