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32 .\" @(#)systat.1 8.2 (Berkeley) 12/30/93
35 .Dd September 17, 2012
40 .Nd display system statistics
44 .Op Ar refresh-interval
48 utility displays various system statistics in a screen oriented fashion
49 using the curses screen display library,
54 is running the screen is usually divided into two windows (an exception
55 is the vmstat display which uses the entire screen).
57 upper window depicts the current system load average.
59 information displayed in the lower window may vary, depending on
61 The last line on the screen is reserved for user
62 input and error messages.
66 displays the processes getting the largest percentage of the processor
68 Other displays show swap space usage, disk
72 virtual memory statistics (a la
74 network ``mbuf'' utilization,
77 and network connections (a la
80 Input is interpreted at two different levels.
81 A ``global'' command interpreter processes all keyboard input.
82 If this command interpreter fails to recognize a command, the
83 input line is passed to a per-display command interpreter.
85 allows each display to have certain display-specific commands.
88 .Bl -tag -width "refresh_interval"
108 These displays can also be requested interactively (without the
112 .It Ar refresh-interval
115 specifies the screen refresh time interval in seconds.
116 Time interval can be fractional.
119 Certain characters cause immediate action by
126 Print the name of the current ``display'' being shown in
127 the lower window and the refresh interval.
129 Move the cursor to the command line and interpret the input
130 line typed as a command.
131 While entering a command the
132 current character erase, word erase, and line kill characters
136 The following commands are interpreted by the ``global''
140 Print the names of the available displays on the command line.
142 Print the load average over the past 1, 5, and 15 minutes
145 Stop refreshing the screen.
150 Start (continue) refreshing the screen.
151 If a second, numeric,
152 argument is provided it is interpreted as a refresh interval
154 Supplying only a number will set the refresh interval to this
159 (This may be abbreviated to
163 The available displays are:
166 Display, in the lower window, those processes resident in main
167 memory and getting the
168 largest portion of the processor (the default display).
169 When less than 100% of the
170 processor is scheduled to user processes, the remaining time
171 is accounted to the ``idle'' process.
173 Display, in the lower window, statistics about messages received and
174 transmitted by the Internet Control Message Protocol
176 The left half of the screen displays information about received
177 packets, and the right half displays information regarding transmitted
182 display understands two commands:
188 command is used to select one of four display modes, given as its argument:
189 .Bl -tag -width absoluteXX -compact
191 show the rate of change of each value in packets (the default)
194 show the rate of change of each value in packets per refresh interval
196 show the total change of each value since the display was last reset
198 show the absolute value of each statistic
203 command resets the baseline for
208 command with no argument will display the current mode in the command
211 This display is like the
214 but displays statistics for IPv6 ICMP.
216 Otherwise identical to the
218 display, except that it displays
227 except that it displays
239 Display, in the lower window, statistics about processor use
241 Statistics on processor use appear as
242 bar graphs of the amount of time executing in user mode (``user''),
243 in user mode running low priority processes (``nice''), in
244 system mode (``system''), in interrupt mode (``interrupt''),
247 on disk throughput show, for each drive, megabytes per second,
248 average number of disk transactions per second, and
249 average kilobytes of data per transaction.
250 This information may be
251 displayed as bar graphs or as rows of numbers which scroll downward.
253 graphs are shown by default.
255 The following commands are specific to the
257 display; the minimum unambiguous prefix may be supplied.
259 .Bl -tag -width Fl -compact
263 statistics in numeric form.
265 displayed in numeric columns which scroll downward.
269 statistics in bar graph form (default).
271 Toggle the display of kilobytes per transaction.
273 not display kilobytes per transaction).
276 Show information about swap space usage on all the
277 swap areas compiled into the kernel.
278 The first column is the device name of the partition.
279 The next column is the total space available in the partition.
282 column indicates the total blocks used so far;
283 the graph shows the percentage of space in use on each partition.
284 If there are more than one swap partition in use,
285 a total line is also shown.
286 Areas known to the kernel, but not in use are shown as not available.
288 Display, in the lower window, the number of mbufs allocated
289 for particular uses, i.e., data, socket structures, etc.
291 Take over the entire display and show a (rather crowded) compendium
292 of statistics related to virtual memory usage, process scheduling,
293 device interrupts, system name translation caching, disk
297 The upper left quadrant of the screen shows the number
298 of users logged in and the load average over the last one, five,
299 and fifteen minute intervals.
300 Below this line are statistics on memory utilization.
301 The first row of the table reports memory usage only among
302 active processes, that is processes that have run in the previous
304 The second row reports on memory usage of all processes.
305 The first column reports on the number of kilobytes in physical pages
306 claimed by processes.
307 The second column reports the number of kilobytes in physical pages that
308 are devoted to read only text pages.
309 The third and fourth columns report the same two figures for
310 virtual pages, that is the number of kilobytes in pages that would be
311 needed if all processes had all of their pages.
312 Finally the last column shows the number of kilobytes in physical pages
315 Below the memory display is a list of the
316 average number of processes (over the last refresh interval)
317 that are runnable (`r'), in page wait (`p'),
318 in disk wait other than paging (`d'),
319 sleeping (`s'), and swapped out but desiring to run (`w').
320 The row also shows the average number of context switches
321 (`Csw'), traps (`Trp'; includes page faults), system calls (`Sys'),
322 interrupts (`Int'), network software interrupts (`Sof'), and page
325 Below the process queue length listing is a numerical listing and
326 a bar graph showing the amount of
327 system (shown as `='), interrupt (shown as `+'), user (shown as `>'),
328 nice (shown as `-'), and idle time (shown as ` ').
330 Below the process display are statistics on name translations.
331 It lists the number of names translated in the previous interval,
332 the number and percentage of the translations that were
333 handled by the system wide name translation cache, and
334 the number and percentage of the translations that were
335 handled by the per process name translation cache.
337 To the right of the name translations display are lines showing
338 the number of dirty buffers in the buffer cache (`dtbuf'),
339 desired maximum size of vnode cache (`desvn'),
340 number of vnodes actually allocated (`numvn'),
342 number of allocated vnodes that are free (`frevn').
344 At the bottom left is the disk usage display.
345 It reports the number of
346 kilobytes per transaction, transactions per second, megabytes
347 per second and the percentage of the time the disk was busy averaged
348 over the refresh period of the display (by default, five seconds).
349 The system keeps statistics on most every storage device.
351 to seven devices are displayed.
352 The devices displayed by default are the
353 first devices in the kernel's device list.
358 for details on the devstat system.
360 Under the date in the upper right hand quadrant are statistics
361 on paging and swapping activity.
362 The first two columns report the average number of pages
363 brought in and out per second over the last refresh interval
364 due to page faults and the paging daemon.
365 The third and fourth columns report the average number of pages
366 brought in and out per second over the last refresh interval
367 due to swap requests initiated by the scheduler.
368 The first row of the display shows the average
369 number of disk transfers per second over the last refresh interval;
370 the second row of the display shows the average
371 number of pages transferred per second over the last refresh interval.
373 Below the paging statistics is a column of lines regarding the virtual
375 The first few lines describe,
376 in units (except as noted below)
377 of pages per second averaged over the sampling interval,
378 pages copied on write (`cow'),
379 pages zero filled on demand (`zfod'),
380 pages optimally zero filled on demand (`ozfod'),
381 the ratio of the (average) ozfod / zfod as a percentage (`%ozfod'),
382 pages freed by the page daemon (`daefr'),
383 pages freed by exiting processes (`prcfr'),
384 total pages freed (`totfr'),
385 pages reactivated from the free list (`react'),
386 the average number of
387 times per second that the page daemon was awakened (`pdwak'),
388 pages analyzed by the page daemon (`pdpgs'),
390 in-transit blocking page faults (`intrn').
391 Note that the units are special for `%ozfod' and `pdwak'.
392 The next few lines describe,
393 as amounts of memory in kilobytes,
394 pages wired down (`wire'),
395 active pages (`act'),
396 inactive pages (`inact'),
397 pages on the cache queue (`cache'),
400 Note that the values displayed are the current transient ones;
401 they are not averages.
403 At the bottom of this column is a line showing the
404 amount of virtual memory, in kilobytes, mapped into the buffer cache (`buf').
405 This statistic is not useful.
406 It exists only as a placeholder for the corresponding useful statistic
407 (the amount of real memory used to cache disks).
408 The most important component of the latter (the amount of real memory
409 used by the vm system to cache disks) is not available,
410 but can be guessed from the `inact' amount under some system loads.
412 Running down the right hand side of the display is a breakdown
413 of the interrupts being handled by the system.
414 At the top of the list is the total interrupts per second
415 over the time interval.
416 The rest of the column breaks down the total on a device
418 Only devices that have interrupted at least once since boot time are shown.
420 The following commands are specific to the
422 display; the minimum unambiguous prefix may be supplied.
424 .Bl -tag -width Ar -compact
426 Display cumulative statistics since the system was booted.
428 Display statistics as a running total from the point this
431 Display statistics averaged over the refresh interval (the default).
433 Reset running statistics to zero.
436 Display, in the lower window, network connections.
438 network servers awaiting requests are not displayed.
440 is displayed in the format ``host.port'', with each shown symbolically,
442 It is possible to have addresses displayed numerically,
443 limit the display to a set of ports, hosts, and/or protocols
444 (the minimum unambiguous prefix may be supplied):
446 .Bl -tag -width Ar -compact
448 Toggle the displaying of server processes awaiting requests (this
449 is the equivalent of the
454 Display network addresses numerically.
456 Display network addresses symbolically.
457 .It Cm proto Ar protocol
458 Display only network connections using the indicated
460 Supported protocols are ``tcp'', ``udp'', and ``all''.
461 .It Cm ignore Op Ar items
462 Do not display information about connections associated with
463 the specified hosts or ports.
464 Hosts and ports may be specified
465 by name (``vangogh'', ``ftp''), or numerically.
467 use the Internet dot notation (``128.32.0.9'').
469 may be specified with a single command by separating them with
471 .It Cm display Op Ar items
472 Display information about the connections associated with the
473 specified hosts or ports.
477 may be names or numbers.
478 .It Cm show Op Ar ports\&|hosts
479 Show, on the command line, the currently selected protocols,
481 Hosts and ports which are being ignored
482 are prefixed with a `!'.
487 is supplied as an argument to
489 then only the requested information will be displayed.
491 Reset the port, host, and protocol matching mechanisms to the default
492 (any protocol, port, or host).
495 Display the network traffic going through active interfaces on the
497 Idle interfaces will not be displayed until they receive some
500 For each interface being displayed, the current, peak and total
501 statistics are displayed for incoming and outgoing traffic.
505 display will automatically scale the units being used so that they are
506 in a human-readable format.
507 The scaling units used for the current and
509 traffic columns can be altered by the
512 .Bl -tag -width ".Cm scale Op Ar units"
513 .It Cm scale Op Ar units
514 Modify the scale used to display the current and peak traffic over all
516 The following units are recognised: kbit, kbyte, mbit,
517 mbyte, gbit, gbyte and auto.
521 Commands to switch between displays may be abbreviated to the
522 minimum unambiguous prefix; for example, ``io'' for ``iostat''.
523 Certain information may be discarded when the screen size is
524 insufficient for display.
525 For example, on a machine with 10
528 bar graph displays only 3 drives on a 24 line terminal.
530 a bar graph would overflow the allotted screen space it is
531 truncated and the actual value is printed ``over top'' of the bar.
533 The following commands are common to each display which shows
534 information about disk drives.
535 These commands are used to
536 select a set of drives to report on, should your system have
537 more drives configured than can normally be displayed on the
540 .Bl -tag -width Ar -compact
541 .It Cm ignore Op Ar drives
542 Do not display information about the drives indicated.
544 drives may be specified, separated by spaces.
545 .It Cm display Op Ar drives
546 Display information about the drives indicated.
548 may be specified, separated by spaces.
549 .It Cm only Op Ar drives
550 Display only the specified drives.
551 Multiple drives may be specified,
554 Display a list of available devices.
556 .Ar type , Ns Ar if , Ns Ar pass
559 Display devices matching the given pattern.
561 expressions are the same as those used in
564 Instead of specifying multiple
566 arguments which are then ORed together, the user instead specifies multiple
567 matching expressions joined by the pipe
571 separated arguments within each matching expression are ANDed together, and
572 then the pipe separated matching expressions are ORed together.
574 device matching the combined expression will be displayed, if there is room
578 .Dl match da,scsi | cd,ide
580 This will display all SCSI Direct Access devices and all IDE CDROM devices.
582 .Dl match da | sa | cd,pass
584 This will display all Direct Access devices, all Sequential Access devices,
585 and all passthrough devices that provide access to CDROM drives.
588 .Bl -tag -width /boot/kernel/kernel -compact
589 .It Pa /boot/kernel/kernel
592 For information in main memory.
624 the notion of having different display modes for the
630 statistics was stolen from the
638 Certain displays presume a minimum of 80 characters per line.
641 display looks out of place because it is (it was added in as
642 a separate display rather than created as a new program).