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29 .\" @(#)ps.1 8.3 (Berkeley) 4/18/94
40 .Op Fl aCcdefHhjlmrSTuvwXxZ
41 .Op Fl O Ar fmt | Fl o Ar fmt
42 .Op Fl G Ar gid Ns Op , Ns Ar gid Ns Ar ...
45 .Op Fl p Ar pid Ns Op , Ns Ar pid Ns Ar ...
46 .Op Fl t Ar tty Ns Op , Ns Ar tty Ns Ar ...
47 .Op Fl U Ar user Ns Op , Ns Ar user Ns Ar ...
54 displays a header line, followed by lines containing information about
56 processes that have controlling terminals.
58 A different set of processes can be selected for display by using any
60 .Fl a , G , p , T , t ,
64 If more than one of these options are given, then
66 will select all processes which are matched by at least one of the
69 For the processes which have been selected for display,
71 will usually display one line per process.
74 option may result in multiple output lines (one line per thread) for
76 By default all of these output lines are sorted first by controlling
77 terminal, then by process ID.
82 options will change the sort order.
83 If more than one sorting option was given, then the selected processes
84 will be sorted by the last sorting option which was specified.
86 For the processes which have been selected for display, the information
87 to display is selected based on a set of keywords (see the
92 The default output format includes, for each process, the process' ID,
93 controlling terminal, CPU time (including both user and system time),
94 state, and associated command.
96 The process file system (see
98 should be mounted when
100 is executed, otherwise not all information will be available.
102 The options are as follows:
103 .Bl -tag -width indent
105 Display information about other users' processes as well as your own.
106 This will skip any processes which do not have a controlling terminal,
109 option is also specified.
110 This can be disabled by setting the
111 .Va security.bsd.see_other_uids
116 column output to just contain the executable name,
117 rather than the full command line.
119 Change the way the CPU percentage is calculated by using a
121 CPU calculation that ignores
123 time (this normally has
126 Arrange processes into descendancy order and prefix each command with
127 indentation text showing sibling and parent/child relationships.
132 options are also used, they control how sibling processes are sorted
133 relative to each other.
134 Note that this option has no effect if the
136 column is not the last column displayed.
138 Display the environment as well.
140 Show commandline and environment information about swapped out processes.
141 This option is honored only if the UID of the user is 0.
143 Display information about processes which are running with the specified
148 threads associated with each process.
149 Depending on the threading package that
150 is in use, this may show only the process, only the kernel scheduled entities,
151 or all of the process threads.
153 Repeat the information header as often as necessary to guarantee one
154 header per page of information.
156 Print information associated with the following keywords:
157 .Cm user , pid , ppid , pgid , sid , jobc , state , tt , time ,
161 List the set of keywords available for the
167 Display information associated with the following keywords:
168 .Cm uid , pid , ppid , cpu , pri , nice , vsz , rss , mwchan , state ,
173 Extract values associated with the name list from the specified core
174 instead of the currently running system.
176 Sort by memory usage, instead of the combination of controlling
177 terminal and process ID.
179 Extract the name list from the specified system instead of the default,
180 which is the kernel image the system has booted from.
182 Add the information associated with the space or comma separated list
183 of keywords specified, after the process ID,
184 in the default information
186 Keywords may be appended with an equals
189 This causes the printed header to use the specified string instead of
192 Display information associated with the space or comma separated
193 list of keywords specified.
194 The last keyword in the list may be appended with an equals
196 sign and a string that spans the rest of the argument, and can contain
197 space and comma characters.
198 This causes the printed header to use the specified string instead of
200 Multiple keywords may also be given in the form of more than one
203 So the header texts for multiple keywords can be changed.
204 If all keywords have empty header texts, no header line is written.
206 Display information about processes which match the specified process IDs.
208 Sort by current CPU usage, instead of the combination of controlling
209 terminal and process ID.
211 Change the way the process times, namely cputime, systime, and usertime,
212 are calculated by summing all exited children to their parent process.
214 Display information about processes attached to the device associated
215 with the standard input.
217 Display information about processes attached to the specified terminal
220 Display the processes belonging to the specified usernames.
222 Display information associated with the following keywords:
223 .Cm user , pid , %cpu , %mem , vsz , rss , tt , state , start , time ,
232 Display information associated with the following keywords:
233 .Cm pid , state , time , sl , re , pagein , vsz , rss , lim , tsiz ,
243 Use 132 columns to display information, instead of the default which
247 option is specified more than once,
249 will use as many columns as necessary without regard for your window size.
250 Note that this option has no effect if the
252 column is not the last column displayed.
254 When displaying processes matched by other options, skip any processes
255 which do not have a controlling terminal.
256 This is the default behaviour.
258 When displaying processes matched by other options, include processes
259 which do not have a controlling terminal.
260 This is the opposite of the
267 are specified in the same command, then
269 will use the one which was specified last.
273 label to the list of keywords for which
275 will display information.
278 A complete list of the available keywords are listed below.
279 Some of these keywords are further specified as follows:
280 .Bl -tag -width lockname
282 The CPU utilization of the process; this is a decaying average over up to
283 a minute of previous (real) time.
284 Since the time base over which this is computed varies (since processes may
285 be very young) it is possible for the sum of all
287 fields to exceed 100%.
289 The percentage of real memory used by this process.
291 Login class associated with the process.
293 The flags associated with the process as in
296 .Bl -column P_SINGLE_BOUNDARY 0x40000000
297 .It Dv "P_ADVLOCK" Ta No "0x00001 Process may hold a POSIX advisory lock"
298 .It Dv "P_CONTROLT" Ta No "0x00002 Has a controlling terminal"
299 .It Dv "P_KTHREAD" Ta No "0x00004 Kernel thread"
300 .It Dv "P_FOLLOWFORK" Ta No "0x00008 Attach debugger to new children"
301 .It Dv "P_PPWAIT" Ta No "0x00010 Parent is waiting for child to exec/exit"
302 .It Dv "P_PROFIL" Ta No "0x00020 Has started profiling"
303 .It Dv "P_STOPPROF" Ta No "0x00040 Has thread in requesting to stop prof"
304 .It Dv "P_HADTHREADS" Ta No "0x00080 Has had threads (no cleanup shortcuts)"
305 .It Dv "P_SUGID" Ta No "0x00100 Had set id privileges since last exec"
306 .It Dv "P_SYSTEM" Ta No "0x00200 System proc: no sigs, stats or swapping"
307 .It Dv "P_SINGLE_EXIT" Ta No "0x00400 Threads suspending should exit, not wait"
308 .It Dv "P_TRACED" Ta No "0x00800 Debugged process being traced"
309 .It Dv "P_WAITED" Ta No "0x01000 Someone is waiting for us"
310 .It Dv "P_WEXIT" Ta No "0x02000 Working on exiting"
311 .It Dv "P_EXEC" Ta No "0x04000 Process called exec"
312 .It Dv "P_WKILLED" Ta No "0x08000 Killed, shall go to kernel/user boundary ASAP"
313 .It Dv "P_CONTINUED" Ta No "0x10000 Proc has continued from a stopped state"
314 .It Dv "P_STOPPED_SIG" Ta No "0x20000 Stopped due to SIGSTOP/SIGTSTP"
315 .It Dv "P_STOPPED_TRACE" Ta No "0x40000 Stopped because of tracing"
316 .It Dv "P_STOPPED_SINGLE" Ta No "0x80000 Only one thread can continue"
317 .It Dv "P_PROTECTED" Ta No "0x100000 Do not kill on memory overcommit"
318 .It Dv "P_SIGEVENT" Ta No "0x200000 Process pending signals changed"
319 .It Dv "P_SINGLE_BOUNDARY" Ta No "0x400000 Threads should suspend at user boundary"
320 .It Dv "P_HWPMC" Ta No "0x800000 Process is using HWPMCs"
321 .It Dv "P_JAILED" Ta No "0x1000000 Process is in jail"
322 .It Dv "P_INEXEC" Ta No "0x4000000 Process is in execve()"
323 .It Dv "P_STATCHILD" Ta No "0x8000000 Child process stopped or exited"
324 .It Dv "P_INMEM" Ta No "0x10000000 Loaded into memory"
325 .It Dv "P_SWAPPINGOUT" Ta No "0x20000000 Process is being swapped out"
326 .It Dv "P_SWAPPINGIN" Ta No "0x40000000 Process is being swapped in"
329 The MAC label of the process.
331 The soft limit on memory used, specified via a call to
334 The exact time the command started, using the
339 The name of the lock that the process is currently blocked on.
340 If the name is invalid or unknown, then
344 The login name associated with the session the process is in (see
347 The event name if the process is blocked normally, or the lock name if
348 the process is blocked on a lock.
349 See the wchan and lockname keywords
352 The process scheduling increment (see
353 .Xr setpriority 2 ) .
355 the real memory (resident set) size of the process (in 1024 byte units).
357 The time the command started.
358 If the command started less than 24 hours ago, the start time is
363 If the command started less than 7 days ago, the start time is
367 Otherwise, the start time is displayed using the
371 The state is given by a sequence of characters, for example,
373 The first character indicates the run state of the process:
375 .Bl -tag -width indent -compact
377 Marks a process in disk (or other short term, uninterruptible) wait.
379 Marks a process that is idle (sleeping for longer than about 20 seconds).
381 Marks a process that is waiting to acquire a lock.
383 Marks a runnable process.
385 Marks a process that is sleeping for less than about 20 seconds.
387 Marks a stopped process.
389 Marks an idle interrupt thread.
391 Marks a dead process (a
395 Additional characters after these, if any, indicate additional state
398 .Bl -tag -width indent -compact
400 The process is in the foreground process group of its control terminal.
402 The process has raised CPU scheduling priority.
404 The process is trying to exit.
406 Marks a process which is in
408 The hostname of the prison can be found in
409 .Pa /proc/ Ns Ao Ar pid Ac Ns Pa /status .
411 The process has pages locked in core (for example, for raw
414 The process has reduced CPU scheduling priority (see
415 .Xr setpriority 2 ) .
417 The process is a session leader.
419 The process is suspended during a
422 The process is swapped out.
424 The process is being traced or debugged.
427 An abbreviation for the pathname of the controlling terminal, if any.
428 The abbreviation consists of the three letters following
432 This is followed by a
434 if the process can no longer reach that
435 controlling terminal (i.e., it has been revoked).
437 The event (an address in the system) on which a process waits.
438 When printed numerically, the initial part of the address is
439 trimmed off and the result is printed in hex, for example, 0x80324000 prints
443 When printing using the command keyword, a process that has exited and
444 has a parent that has not yet waited for the process (in other words, a zombie)
447 and a process which is blocked while trying
450 If the arguments cannot be located (usually because it has not been set, as is
451 the case of system processes and/or kernel threads) the command name is printed
452 within square brackets.
455 utility first tries to obtain the arguments cached by the kernel (if they were
456 shorter than the value of the
457 .Va kern.ps_arg_cache_limit
459 The process can change the arguments shown with
463 makes an educated guess as to the file name and arguments given when the
464 process was created by examining memory or the swap area.
465 The method is inherently somewhat unreliable and in any event a process
466 is entitled to destroy this information.
467 The ucomm (accounting) keyword can, however, be depended on.
468 If the arguments are unavailable or do not agree with the ucomm keyword,
469 the value for the ucomm keyword is appended to the arguments in parentheses.
471 The following is a complete list of the available keywords and their
473 Several of them have aliases (keywords which are synonyms).
475 .Bl -tag -width ".Cm sigignore" -compact
477 percentage CPU usage (alias
480 percentage memory usage (alias
483 accounting flag (alias
486 command and arguments
492 command and arguments
494 short-term CPU usage factor (for scheduling)
496 system-call emulation environment
498 elapsed running time, format
503 elapsed running time, in decimal integer seconds
505 the process flags, in hexadecimal (alias
508 effective group ID (alias
511 group name (from egid) (alias
514 total blocks read (alias
527 lock currently blocked on (as a symbolic name)
529 login name of user who started the session
539 total messages received (reads from pipes/sockets)
541 total messages sent (writes on pipes/sockets)
543 wait channel or lock currently blocked on
548 total involuntary context switches
550 number of threads tied to a process
552 total signals taken (alias
557 total voluntary context switches
559 wait channel (as an address)
561 total blocks written (alias
566 pageins (same as majflt)
576 core residency time (in seconds; 127 = infinity)
580 group name (from rgid)
584 realtime priority (101 = not a realtime process)
588 user name (from ruid)
592 pending signals (alias
595 caught signals (alias
598 ignored signals (alias
601 blocked signals (alias
604 sleep time (in seconds; 127 = infinity)
608 symbolic process state (alias
611 saved gid from a setgid executable
613 saved UID from a setuid executable
615 accumulated system CPU time
619 control terminal device number
621 accumulated CPU time, user + system (alias
624 control terminal process group ID
626 .\"text resident set size (in Kbytes)
628 control terminal session ID
630 text size (in Kbytes)
632 control terminal name (two letter abbreviation)
634 full name of control terminal
636 name to be used for accounting
638 effective user ID (alias
641 scheduling priority on return from system call (alias
648 accumulated user CPU time
650 virtual size in Kbytes (alias
653 wait channel (as a symbolic name)
655 exit or stop status (valid only for stopped or zombie process)
660 column displays bitmask of signals pending in the process queue when
662 option is not specified, otherwise the per-thread queue of pending signals
665 The following environment variables affect the execution of
667 .Bl -tag -width ".Ev COLUMNS"
669 If set, specifies the user's preferred output width in column positions.
672 attempts to automatically determine the terminal width.
675 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa /boot/kernel/kernel" -compact
676 .It Pa /boot/kernel/kernel
677 default system namelist
696 For historical reasons, the
700 supports a different set of options from what is described by
702 and what is supported on
713 cannot run faster than the system and is run as any other scheduled
714 process, the information it displays can never be exact.
718 utility does not correctly display argument lists containing multibyte