1 Updating Information for FreeBSD stable/13 users.
3 This file is maintained and copyrighted by M. Warner Losh <imp@freebsd.org>.
4 See end of file for further details. For commonly done items, please see the
5 COMMON ITEMS: section later in the file. These instructions assume that you
6 basically know what you are doing. If not, then please consult the FreeBSD
9 https://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/makeworld.html
11 Items affecting the ports and packages system can be found in
12 /usr/ports/UPDATING. Please read that file before running portupgrade.
14 20210325: 13.0-RC3-p1 FreeBSD-SA-21:07.openssl
16 Fix multiple OpenSSL issues [SA-21:07.openssl]
18 20210223: 13.0-BETA3-p1 FreeBSD-SA-21:03.pam_login_access
21 login.access fails to apply rules [SA-21:03.pam_login_access]
23 Xen grant mapping error handling issues [SA-21:06.xen]
26 Various LinuxKPI functionality was added which conflicts with DRM.
27 Please update your drm-kmod port to after the __FreeBSD_verison 1300139
31 The stable/13 branch has been created from main.
34 PC Card attachments for all devices have been removed. In the case of
35 wi and cmx, the entire drivers were removed because they were only
36 PC Card devices. FreeBSD_version 1300134 should be used for this
37 since it was bumped so recently.
40 Transport-independent parts of HID support have been split off the USB
41 code in to separate subsystem. Kernel configs which include one of
42 ums, ukbd, uhid, atp, wsp, wmt, uaudio, ugold or ucycom drivers should
43 be updated with adding of "device hid" line.
46 ncurses installation has been modified to only keep the widechar
47 enabled version. Incremental build is broken for that change, so it
48 requires a clean build.
51 The FreeBSD project has migrated from Subversion to Git. Temporary
52 instructions can be found at
53 https://github.com/bsdimp/freebsd-git-docs/blob/main/src-cvt.md
54 and other documents in that repo.
57 The services database has been updated to cover more of the basic
58 services expected in a modern system. The database is big enough
59 that it will cause issues in mergemaster in Releases previous to
60 12.2 and 11.3, or in very old current systems from before r358154.
63 Obsolete in-tree GDB 6.1.1 has been removed. GDB (including kgdb)
64 may be installed from ports or packages.
67 ping6 has been merged into ping. It can now be called as "ping -6".
68 See ping(8) for details.
71 Default value of net.add_addr_allfibs has been changed to 0.
72 If you have multi-fib configuration and rely on existence of all
73 interface routes in every fib, you need to set the above sysctl to 1.
75 The internal pre-processor in the calendar(1) program has been
76 extended to support more C pre-processor commands (e.g. #ifdef, #else,
77 and #undef) and to detect unbalanced conditional statements.
78 Error messages have been extended to include the filename and line
79 number if processing stops to help fixing malformed data files.
82 All the data files for the calendar(1) program, except calendar.freebsd,
83 have been moved to the deskutils/calendar-data port, much like the
84 jewish calendar entries were moved to deskutils/hebcal years ago. After
85 make delete-old-files, you need to install it to retain full
86 functionality. calendar(1) will issue a reminder for files it can't
90 LINT files are no longer generated. We now include the relevant NOTES
91 files. Note: This may cause conflicts with updating in some cases.
92 find sys -name LINT\* -delete
93 is suggested across this commit to remove the generated LINT files.
95 If you have tried to update with generated files there, the svn
96 command you want to un-auger the tree is
99 and then do the above find from the top level. Substitute 'amd64'
100 above with where the error message indicates a conflict.
103 OpenZFS support has been integrated. Do not upgrade root pools until
104 the loader is updated to support zstd. Furthermore, we caution against
105 'zpool upgrade' for the next few weeks. The change should be transparent
106 unless you want to use new features.
108 Not all "NO_CLEAN" build scenarios work across these changes. Many
109 scenarios have been tested and fixed, but rebuilding kernels without
110 rebuilding world may fail.
112 The ZFS cache file has moved from /boot to /etc to match the OpenZFS
113 upstream default. A fallback to /boot has been added for mountroot.
115 Pool auto import behavior at boot has been moved from the kernel module
116 to an explicit "zpool import -a" in one of the rc scripts enabled by
117 zfs_enable=YES. This means your non-root zpools won't auto import until
118 you upgrade your /etc/rc.d files.
121 The resume code now notifies devd with the 'kernel' system
122 rather than the old 'kern' subsystem to be consistent with
123 other use. The old notification will be created as well, but
124 will be removed prior to FreeBSD 14.0.
127 r362275 changed the internal API between the kernel RPC and the
128 NFS modules. As such, all the modules must be recompiled from
132 r364330 modified the internal API used between the NFS modules.
133 As such, all the NFS modules must be re-compiled from sources.
136 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
137 been upgraded to 11.0.0. Please see the 20141231 entry below for
138 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
139 using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
142 r364092 modified the internal ABI used between the kernel NFS
143 modules. As such, all of these modules need to be rebuilt
144 from sources, so a version bump was done.
147 Makefile.inc has been updated to work around the issue documented in
148 20200729. It was a case where the optimization of using symbolic links
149 to point to binaries created a situation where we'd run new binaries
150 with old libraries starting midway through the installworld process.
153 r363679 has redefined some undefined behavior in regcomp(3); notably,
154 extraneous escapes of most ordinary characters will no longer be
155 accepted. An exp-run has identified all of the problems with this in
156 ports, but other non-ports software may need extra escapes removed to
157 continue to function.
159 Because of this change, installworld may encounter the following error
160 from rtld: Undefined symbol "regcomp@FBSD_1.6" -- It is imperative that
161 you do not halt installworld. Instead, let it run to completion (whether
162 successful or not) and run installworld once more.
165 A new implementation of bc and dc has been imported in r362681. This
166 implementation corrects non-conformant behavior of the previous bc
167 and adds GNU bc compatible options. It offers a number of extensions,
168 is much faster on large values, and has support for message catalogs
169 (a number of languages are already supported, contributions of further
170 languages welcome). The option WITHOUT_GH_BC can be used to build the
171 world with the previous versions of bc and dc.
174 r362639 changed the internal API used between the NFS kernel modules.
175 As such, they all need to be rebuilt from sources.
178 r362158 changed the arguments for VFS_CHECKEXP(). As such, any
179 out of tree file systems need to be modified and rebuilt.
180 Also, any file systems that are modules must be rebuilt.
183 read(2) of a directory fd is now rejected by default. root may
184 re-enable it for system root only on non-ZFS filesystems with the
185 security.bsd.allow_read_dir sysctl(8) MIB if
186 security.bsd.suser_enabled=1.
188 It may be advised to setup aliases for grep to default to `-d skip` if
189 commonly non-recursively grepping a list that includes directories and
190 the potential for the resulting stderr output is not tolerable. Example
191 aliases are now installed, commented out, in /root/.cshrc and
195 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
196 been upgraded to 10.0.1. Please see the 20141231 entry below for
197 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
198 using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
201 Support for obsolete compilers has been removed from the build system.
202 Clang 6 and GCC 6.4 are the minimum supported versions.
205 closefrom(2) has been moved under COMPAT12, and replaced in libc with a
206 stub that calls close_range(2). If using a custom kernel configuration,
207 you may want to ensure that the COMPAT_FREEBSD12 option is included, as
208 a slightly older -CURRENT userland and older FreeBSD userlands may not
209 be functional without closefrom(2).
212 Upstream DTS from Linux 5.6 was merged and they now have the SID
213 and THS (Secure ID controller and THermal Sensor) node present.
214 The DTB overlays have now been removed from the tree for the H3/H5 and
215 A64 SoCs and the aw_sid and aw_thermal driver have been updated to
216 deal with upstream DTS. If you are using those overlays you need to
217 remove them from loader.conf and update the DTBs on the FAT partition.
220 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
221 been upgraded to 10.0.0. Please see the 20141231 entry below for
222 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
223 using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
226 The amd(8) automount daemon has been removed from the source tree.
227 As of FreeBSD 10.1 autofs(5) is the preferred tool for automounting.
228 amd is still available in the sysutils/am-utils port.
231 Removed brooktree driver (bktr.4) from the tree.
234 The WITH_GPL_DTC option has been removed. The BSD-licenced device tree
235 compiler in usr.bin/dtc is used on all architectures which use dtc, and
236 the GPL dtc is available (if needed) from the sysutils/dtc port.
239 The WITHOUT_LLVM_LIBUNWIND option has been removed. LLVM's libunwind
240 is used by all supported CPU architectures.
243 GCC 4.2.1 has been removed from the tree. The WITH_GCC,
244 WITH_GCC_BOOTSTRAP, and WITH_GNUCXX options are no longer available.
245 Users who wish to build FreeBSD with GCC must use the external toolchain
249 ncurses has been updated to a newer version (6.2-20200215). Given the ABI
250 has changed, users will have to rebuild all the ports that are linked to
254 The size of struct vnet and the magic cookie have changed.
255 Users need to recompile libkvm and all modules using VIMAGE
256 together with their new kernel.
259 Defining the long deprecated NO_CTF, NO_DEBUG_FILES, NO_INSTALLLIB,
260 NO_MAN, NO_PROFILE, and NO_WARNS variables is now an error. Update
261 your Makefiles and scripts to define MK_<var>=no instead as required.
263 One exception to this is that program or library Makefiles should
264 define MAN to empty rather than setting MK_MAN=no.
267 Clang/LLVM is now the default compiler and LLD the default
271 make universe no longer uses GCC 4.2.1 on any architectures.
272 Architectures not supported by in-tree Clang/LLVM require an
273 external toolchain package.
276 GCC 4.2.1 is now not built by default, as part of the GCC 4.2.1
277 retirement plan. Specifically, the GCC, GCC_BOOTSTRAP, and GNUCXX
278 options default to off for all supported CPU architectures. As a
279 short-term transition aid they may be enabled via WITH_* options.
280 GCC 4.2.1 is expected to be removed from the tree on 2020-03-31.
283 Support for armv5 has been disconnected and is being removed. The
284 machine combination MACHINE=arm MACHINE_ARCH=arm is no longer valid.
285 You must now use a MACHINE_ARCH of armv6 or armv7. The default
286 MACHINE_ARCH for MACHINE=arm is now armv7.
289 Clang/LLVM is now the default compiler for all powerpc architectures.
290 LLD is now the default linker for powerpc64. The change for powerpc64
291 also includes a change to the ELFv2 ABI, incompatible with the existing
295 Kernel-loadable random(4) modules are no longer unloadable.
298 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
299 been upgraded to 9.0.1. Please see the 20141231 entry below for
300 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
301 using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
304 r355677 has modified the internal interface used between the
305 NFS modules in the kernel. As such, they must all be upgraded
306 simultaneously. I will do a version bump for this.
309 The root certificates of the Mozilla CA Certificate Store have been
310 imported into the base system and can be managed with the certctl(8)
311 utility. If you have installed the security/ca_root_nss port or package
312 with the ETCSYMLINK option (the default), be advised that there may be
313 differences between those included in the port and those included in
314 base due to differences in nss branch used as well as general update
315 frequency. Note also that certctl(8) cannot manage certs in the
316 format used by the security/ca_root_nss port.
319 The amd(8) automount daemon has been disabled by default, and will be
320 removed in the future. As of FreeBSD 10.1 the autofs(5) is available
324 The nctgpio and wbwd drivers have been moved to the superio bus.
325 If you have one of these drivers in a kernel configuration, then
326 you should add device superio to it. If you use one of these drivers
327 as a module and you compile a custom set of modules, then you should
328 add superio to the set.
331 KPIs for network drivers to access interface addresses have changed.
332 Users need to recompile NIC driver modules together with kernel.
335 The net.link.tap.user_open sysctl no longer prevents user opening of
336 already created /dev/tapNN devices. Access is still controlled by
337 node permissions, just like tun devices. The net.link.tap.user_open
338 sysctl is now used only to allow users to perform devfs cloning of
339 tap devices, and the subsequent open may not succeed if the user is not
340 in the appropriate group. This sysctl may be deprecated/removed
341 completely in the future.
344 mips, powerpc, and sparc64 are no longer built as part of
345 universe / tinderbox unless MAKE_OBSOLETE_GCC is defined. If
346 not defined, mips, powerpc, and sparc64 builds will look for
347 the xtoolchain binaries and if installed use them for universe
348 builds. As llvm 9.0 becomes vetted for these architectures, they
349 will be removed from the list.
352 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
353 been upgraded to 9.0.0. Please see the 20141231 entry below for
354 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
355 using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
358 The hpt27xx, hptmv, hptnr, and hptrr drivers have been removed from
359 GENERIC. They are available as modules and can be loaded by adding
360 to /boot/loader.conf hpt27xx_load="YES", hptmv_load="YES",
361 hptnr_load="YES", or hptrr_load="YES", respectively.
364 ntpd no longer by default locks its pages in memory, allowing them
365 to be paged out by the kernel. Use rlimit memlock to restore
366 historic BSD behaviour. For example, add "rlimit memlock 32"
367 to ntp.conf to lock up to 32 MB of ntpd address space in memory.
370 Several of ping6's options have been renamed for better consistency
371 with ping. If you use any of -ARWXaghmrtwx, you must update your
372 scripts. See ping6(8) for details.
375 The vfs.fusefs.sync_unmount and vfs.fusefs.init_backgrounded sysctls
376 and the "-o sync_unmount" and "-o init_backgrounded" mount options have
377 been removed from mount_fusefs(8). You can safely remove them from
378 your scripts, because they had no effect.
380 The vfs.fusefs.fix_broken_io, vfs.fusefs.sync_resize,
381 vfs.fusefs.refresh_size, vfs.fusefs.mmap_enable,
382 vfs.fusefs.reclaim_revoked, and vfs.fusefs.data_cache_invalidate
383 sysctls have been removed. If you felt the need to set any of them to
384 a non-default value, please tell asomers@FreeBSD.org why.
387 Default permissions on the /var/account/acct file (and copies of it
388 rotated by periodic daily scripts) are changed from 0644 to 0640
389 because the file contains sensitive information that should not be
390 world-readable. If the /var/account directory must be created by
391 rc.d/accounting, the mode used is now 0750. Admins who use the
392 accounting feature are encouraged to change the mode of an existing
393 /var/account directory to 0750 or 0700.
396 Entropy collection and the /dev/random device are no longer optional
397 components. The "device random" option has been removed.
398 Implementations of distilling algorithms can still be made loadable
399 with "options RANDOM_LOADABLE" (e.g., random_fortuna.ko).
402 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
403 been upgraded to 8.0.1. Please see the 20141231 entry below for
404 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
405 using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
408 A fix was applied to i386 kernel modules to avoid panics with
409 dpcpu or vnet. Users need to recompile i386 kernel modules
410 having pcpu or vnet sections or they will refuse to load.
413 User-wired pages now have their own counter,
414 vm.stats.vm.v_user_wire_count. The vm.max_wired sysctl was renamed
415 to vm.max_user_wired and changed from an unsigned int to an unsigned
416 long. bhyve VMs wired with the -S are now subject to the user
417 wiring limit; the vm.max_user_wired sysctl may need to be tuned to
418 avoid running into the limit.
421 The IPSEC option has been removed from GENERIC. Users requiring
422 ipsec(4) must now load the ipsec(4) kernel module.
425 The tap(4) driver has been folded into tun(4), and the module has been
426 renamed to tuntap. You should update any kld_list="if_tap" or
427 kld_list="if_tun" entries in /etc/rc.conf, if_tap_load="YES" or
428 if_tun_load="YES" entries in /boot/loader.conf to load the if_tuntap
429 module instead, and "device tap" or "device tun" entries in kernel
430 config files to select the tuntap device instead.
433 The following knobs have been added related to tradeoffs between
434 safe use of the random device and availability in the absence of
437 kern.random.initial_seeding.bypass_before_seeding: tunable; set
438 non-zero to bypass the random device prior to seeding, or zero to
439 block random requests until the random device is initially seeded.
440 For now, set to 1 (unsafe) by default to restore pre-r346250 boot
441 availability properties.
443 kern.random.initial_seeding.read_random_bypassed_before_seeding:
444 read-only diagnostic sysctl that is set when bypass is enabled and
445 read_random(9) is bypassed, to enable programmatic handling of this
446 initial condition, if desired.
448 kern.random.initial_seeding.arc4random_bypassed_before_seeding:
449 Similar to the above, but for for arc4random(9) initial seeding.
451 kern.random.initial_seeding.disable_bypass_warnings: tunable; set
452 non-zero to disable warnings in dmesg when the same conditions are
453 met as for the diagnostic sysctls above. Defaults to zero, i.e.,
454 produce warnings in dmesg when the conditions are met.
457 The loadable random module KPI has changed; the random_infra_init()
458 routine now requires a 3rd function pointer for a bool (*)(void)
459 method that returns true if the random device is seeded (and
460 therefore unblocked).
463 r345895 reverts r320698. This implies that an nfsuserd(8) daemon
464 built from head sources between r320757 (July 6, 2017) and
465 r338192 (Aug. 22, 2018) will not work unless the "-use-udpsock"
466 is added to the command line.
467 nfsuserd daemons built from head sources that are post-r338192 are
468 not affected and should continue to work.
471 The fuse(4) module has been renamed to fusefs(4) for consistency with
472 other filesystems. You should update any kld_load="fuse" entries in
473 /etc/rc.conf, fuse_load="YES" entries in /boot/loader.conf, and
474 "options FUSE" entries in kernel config files.
477 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
478 8.0.0. Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
479 prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
483 geom_uzip(4) depends on the new module xz. If geom_uzip is statically
484 compiled into your custom kernel, add 'device xz' statement to the
488 drm and drm2 have been removed from the tree. Please see
489 https://wiki.freebsd.org/Graphics for the latest information on
490 migrating to the drm ports.
493 Iflib is no longer unconditionally compiled into the kernel. Drivers
494 using iflib and statically compiled into the kernel, now require
495 the 'device iflib' config option. For the same drivers loaded as
496 modules on kernels not having 'device iflib', the iflib.ko module
497 is loaded automatically.
500 The IEEE80211_AMPDU_AGE and AH_SUPPORT_AR5416 kernel configuration
501 options no longer exist since r343219 and r343427 respectively;
502 nothing uses them, so they should be just removed from custom
506 r342635 changes the way efibootmgr(8) works by requiring users to add
507 the -b (bootnum) parameter for commands where the bootnum was previously
508 specified with each option. For example 'efibootmgr -B 0001' is now
509 'efibootmgr -B -b 0001'.
512 r342286 modifies the NFSv4 server so that it obeys vfs.nfsd.nfs_privport
513 in the same as it is applied to NFSv2 and 3. This implies that NFSv4
514 servers that have vfs.nfsd.nfs_privport set will only allow mounts
515 from clients using a reserved port#. Since both the FreeBSD and Linux
516 NFSv4 clients use reserved port#s by default, this should not affect
520 The XLP config has been removed. We can't support 64-bit atomics in this
521 kernel because it is running in 32-bit mode. XLP users must transition
522 to running a 64-bit kernel (XLP64 or XLPN32).
524 The mips GXEMUL support has been removed from FreeBSD. MALTA* + qemu is
525 the preferred emulator today and we don't need two different ones.
527 The old sibyte / swarm / Broadcom BCM1250 support has been
528 removed from the mips port.
531 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
532 7.0.1. Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
533 prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
537 Remove the timed and netdate programs from the base tree. Setting
538 the time with these daemons has been obsolete for over a decade.
541 On amd64, arm64 and armv7 (architectures that install LLVM's ld.lld
542 linker as /usr/bin/ld) GNU ld is no longer installed as ld.bfd, as
543 it produces broken binaries when ifuncs are in use. Users needing
544 GNU ld should install the binutils port or package.
547 The BSD crtbegin and crtend code has been enabled by default. It has
548 had extensive testing on amd64, arm64, and i386. It can be disabled
549 by building a world with -DWITHOUT_BSD_CRTBEGIN.
552 The set of CTM commands (ctm, ctm_smail, ctm_rmail, ctm_dequeue)
553 has been converted to a port (misc/ctm) and will be removed from
554 FreeBSD-13. It is available as a package (ctm) for all supported
558 The default newsyslog.conf(5) file has been changed to only include
559 files in /etc/newsyslog.conf.d/ and /usr/local/etc/newsyslog.conf.d/ if
560 the filenames end in '.conf' and do not begin with a '.'.
562 You should check the configuration files in these two directories match
563 this naming convention. You can verify which configuration files are
564 being included using the command:
568 Ports for the DRM modules have been simplified. Now, amd64 users should
569 just install the drm-kmod port. All others should install
572 Graphics hardware that's newer than about 2010 usually works with
573 drm-kmod. For hardware older than 2013, however, some users will need
574 to use drm-legacy-kmod if drm-kmod doesn't work for them. Hardware older
575 than 2008 usually only works in drm-legacy-kmod. The graphics team can
576 only commit to hardware made since 2013 due to the complexity of the
577 market and difficulty to test all the older cards effectively. If you
578 have hardware supported by drm-kmod, you are strongly encouraged to use
579 that as you will get better support.
581 Other than KPI chasing, drm-legacy-kmod will not be updated. As outlined
582 elsewhere, the drm and drm2 modules will be eliminated from the src base
583 soon (with a limited exception for arm). Please update to the package
584 asap and report any issues to x11@freebsd.org.
586 Generally, anybody using the drm*-kmod packages should add
587 WITHOUT_DRM_MODULE=t and WITHOUT_DRM2_MODULE=t to avoid nasty
588 cross-threading surprises, especially with automatic driver
589 loading from X11 startup. These will become the defaults in 13-current
593 The ixlv(4) driver has been renamed to iavf(4). As a consequence,
594 custom kernel and module loading configuration files must be updated
595 accordingly. Moreover, interfaces previous presented as ixlvN to the
596 system are now exposed as iavfN and network configuration files must
597 be adjusted as necessary.
600 OpenSSL has been updated to version 1.1.1. This update included
601 additional various API changes throughout the base system. It is
602 important to rebuild third-party software after upgrading. The value
603 of __FreeBSD_version has been bumped accordingly.
606 The legacy DRM modules and drivers have now been added to the loader's
607 module blacklist, in favor of loading them with kld_list in rc.conf(5).
608 The module blacklist may be overridden with the loader.conf(5)
609 'module_blacklist' variable, but loading them via rc.conf(5) is strongly
613 The cam(4) based nda(4) driver will be used over nvd(4) by default on
614 powerpc64. You may set 'options NVME_USE_NVD=1' in your kernel conf or
615 loader tunable 'hw.nvme.use_nvd=1' if you wish to use the existing
616 driver. Make sure to edit /boot/etc/kboot.conf and fstab to use the
620 Reproducible build mode is now on by default, in preparation for
621 FreeBSD 12.0. This eliminates build metadata such as the user,
622 host, and time from the kernel (and uname), unless the working tree
623 corresponds to a modified checkout from a version control system.
624 The previous behavior can be obtained by setting the /etc/src.conf
625 knob WITHOUT_REPRODUCIBLE_BUILD.
628 The Yarrow CSPRNG has been removed from the kernel as it has not been
629 supported by its designers since at least 2003. Fortuna has been the
630 default since FreeBSD-11.
633 devctl freeze/thaw have gone into the tree, the rc scripts have been
634 updated to use them and devmatch has been changed. You should update
635 kernel, userland and rc scripts all at the same time.
638 The default interpreter has been switched from 4th to Lua.
639 LOADER_DEFAULT_INTERP, documented in build(7), will override the default
640 interpreter. If you have custom FORTH code you will need to set
641 LOADER_DEFAULT_INTERP=4th (valid values are 4th, lua or simp) in
642 src.conf for the build. This will create default hard links between
643 loader and loader_4th instead of loader and loader_lua, the new default.
644 If you are using UEFI it will create the proper hard link to loader.efi.
646 bhyve uses userboot.so. It remains 4th-only until some issues are solved
647 regarding coexisting with multiple versions of FreeBSD are resolved.
650 ls(1) now respects the COLORTERM environment variable used in other
651 systems and software to indicate that a colored terminal is both
652 supported and desired. If ls(1) is suddenly emitting colors, they may
653 be disabled again by either removing the unwanted COLORTERM from your
654 environment, or using `ls --color=never`. The ls(1) specific CLICOLOR
655 may not be observed in a future release.
658 The default pager for most commands has been changed to "less". To
659 restore the old behavior, set PAGER="more" and MANPAGER="more -s" in
663 The jedec_ts(4) driver has been removed. A superset of its functionality
664 is available in the jedec_dimm(4) driver, and the manpage for that
665 driver includes migration instructions. If you have "device jedec_ts"
666 in your kernel configuration file, it must be removed.
669 amd64/GENERIC now has EFI runtime services, EFIRT, enabled by default.
670 This should have no effect if the kernel is booted via BIOS/legacy boot.
671 EFIRT may be disabled via a loader tunable, efi.rt.disabled, if a system
672 has a buggy firmware that prevents a successful boot due to use of
676 Atmel AT91RM9200 and AT91SAM9, Cavium CNS 11xx and XScale
677 support has been removed from the tree. These ports were
678 obsolete and/or known to be broken for many years.
681 loader.efi has been augmented to participate more fully in the
682 UEFI boot manager protocol. loader.efi will now look at the
683 BootXXXX environment variable to determine if a specific kernel
684 or root partition was specified. XXXX is derived from BootCurrent.
685 efibootmgr(8) manages these standard UEFI variables.
688 zfsloader's functionality has now been folded into loader.
689 zfsloader is no longer necessary once you've updated your
690 boot blocks. For a transition period, we will install a
691 hardlink for zfsloader to loader to allow a smooth transition
692 until the boot blocks can be updated (hard link because old
693 zfs boot blocks don't understand symlinks).
696 ARM64 now have efifb support, if you want to have serial console
697 on your arm64 board when an screen is connected and the bootloader
698 setup a frame buffer for us to use, just add :
702 For Raspberry Pi 3 (RPI) users, this is needed even if you don't have
703 an screen connected as the firmware will setup a frame buffer are that
704 u-boot will expose as an EFI frame buffer.
707 New uid:gid added, ntpd:ntpd (123:123). Be sure to run mergemaster
708 or take steps to update /etc/passwd before doing installworld on
709 existing systems. Do not skip the "mergemaster -Fp" step before
710 installworld, as described in the update procedures near the bottom
711 of this document. Also, rc.d/ntpd now starts ntpd(8) as user ntpd
712 if the new mac_ntpd(4) policy is available, unless ntpd_flags or
713 the ntp config file contain options that change file/dir locations.
714 When such options (e.g., "statsdir" or "crypto") are used, ntpd can
715 still be run as non-root by setting ntpd_user=ntpd in rc.conf, after
716 taking steps to ensure that all required files/dirs are accessible
720 Big endian arm support has been removed.
723 The static environment setup in kernel configs is no longer mutually
724 exclusive with the loader(8) environment by default. In order to
725 restore the previous default behavior of disabling the loader(8)
726 environment if a static environment is present, you must specify
727 loader_env.disabled=1 in the static environment.
730 The ABI of syscalls used by management tools like sockstat and
731 netstat has been broken to allow 32-bit binaries to work on
732 64-bit kernels without modification. These programs will need
733 to match the kernel in order to function. External programs may
734 require minor modifications to accommodate a change of type in
735 structures from pointers to 64-bit virtual addresses.
738 On i386 and amd64 atomics are now inlined. Out of tree modules using
739 atomics will need to be rebuilt.
742 The '%I' format in the kern.corefile sysctl limits the number of
743 core files that a process can generate to the number stored in the
744 debug.ncores sysctl. The '%I' format is replaced by the single digit
745 index. Previously, if all indexes were taken the kernel would overwrite
746 only a core file with the highest index in a filename.
747 Currently the system will create a new core file if there is a free
748 index or if all slots are taken it will overwrite the oldest one.
751 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
752 6.0.1. Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
753 prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
757 r335753 introduced a new quoting method. However, etc/devd/devmatch.conf
758 needed to be changed to work with it. This change was made with r335763
759 and requires a mergemaster / etcupdate / etc to update the installed
763 r334930 changed the interface between the NFS modules, so they all
764 need to be rebuilt. r335018 did a __FreeBSD_version bump for this.
767 As of r334391 lld is the default amd64 system linker; it is installed
768 as /usr/bin/ld. Kernel build workarounds (see 20180510 entry) are no
772 The kernel / userland interface for devinfo changed, so you'll
773 need a new kernel and userland as a pair for it to work (rebuilding
774 lib/libdevinfo is all that's required). devinfo and devmatch will
775 not work, but everything else will when there's a mismatch.
778 The on-disk format for hwpmc callchain records has changed to include
779 threadid corresponding to a given record. This changes the field offsets
780 and thus requires that libpmcstat be rebuilt before using a kernel
784 The vxge(4) driver has been removed. This driver was introduced into
785 HEAD one week before the Exar left the Ethernet market and is not
786 known to be used. If you have device vxge in your kernel config file
790 The amd64 kernel now requires a ld that supports ifunc to produce a
791 working kernel, either lld or a newer binutils. lld is built by default
792 on amd64, and the 'buildkernel' target uses it automatically. However,
793 it is not the default linker, so building the kernel the traditional
794 way requires LD=ld.lld on the command line (or LD=/usr/local/bin/ld for
795 binutils port/package). lld will soon be default, and this requirement
798 NOTE: As of r334391 lld is the default system linker on amd64, and no
799 workaround is necessary.
802 The nxge(4) driver has been removed. This driver was for PCI-X 10g
803 cards made by s2io/Neterion. The company was acquired by Exar and
804 no longer sells or supports Ethernet products. If you have device
805 nxge in your kernel config file it must be removed.
808 The tz database (tzdb) has been updated to 2018e. This version more
809 correctly models time stamps in time zones with negative DST such as
810 Europe/Dublin (from 1971 on), Europe/Prague (1946/7), and
811 Africa/Windhoek (1994/2017). This does not affect the UT offsets, only
812 time zone abbreviations and the tm_isdst flag.
815 The ixgb(4) driver has been removed. This driver was for an early and
816 uncommon legacy PCI 10GbE for a single ASIC, Intel 82597EX. Intel
817 quickly shifted to the long lived ixgbe family. If you have device
818 ixgb in your kernel config file it must be removed.
821 The lmc(4) driver has been removed. This was a WAN interface
822 card that was already reportedly rare in 2003, and had an ambiguous
823 license. If you have device lmc in your kernel config file it must
827 Support for Arcnet networks has been removed. If you have device
828 arcnet or device cm in your kernel config file they must be
832 Support for FDDI networks has been removed. If you have device
833 fddi or device fpa in your kernel config file they must be
837 In addition to supporting RFC 3164 formatted messages, the
838 syslogd(8) service is now capable of parsing RFC 5424 formatted
839 log messages. The main benefit of using RFC 5424 is that clients
840 may now send log messages with timestamps containing year numbers,
841 microseconds and time zone offsets.
843 Similarly, the syslog(3) C library function has been altered to
844 send RFC 5424 formatted messages to the local system logging
845 daemon. On systems using syslogd(8), this change should have no
846 negative impact, as long as syslogd(8) and the C library are
847 updated at the same time. On systems using a different system
848 logging daemon, it may be necessary to make configuration
849 adjustments, depending on the software used.
851 When using syslog-ng, add the 'syslog-protocol' flag to local
852 input sources to enable parsing of RFC 5424 formatted messages:
855 unix-dgram("/var/run/log" flags(syslog-protocol));
858 When using rsyslog, disable the 'SysSock.UseSpecialParser' option
859 of the 'imuxsock' module to let messages be processed by the
860 regular RFC 3164/5424 parsing pipeline:
862 module(load="imuxsock" SysSock.UseSpecialParser="off")
864 Do note that these changes only affect communication between local
865 applications and syslogd(8). The format that syslogd(8) uses to
866 store messages on disk or forward messages to other systems
867 remains unchanged. syslogd(8) still uses RFC 3164 for these
868 purposes. Options to customize this behaviour will be added in the
869 future. Utilities that process log files stored in /var/log are
870 thus expected to continue to function as before.
872 __FreeBSD_version has been incremented to 1200061 to denote this
876 Support for token ring networks has been removed. If you
877 have "device token" in your kernel config you should remove
878 it. No device drivers supported token ring.
881 makefs was modified to be able to tag ISO9660 El Torito boot catalog
882 entries as EFI instead of overloading the i386 tag as done previously.
883 The amd64 mkisoimages.sh script used to build amd64 ISO images for
884 release was updated to use this. This may mean that makefs must be
885 updated before "make cdrom" can be run in the release directory. This
886 should be as simple as:
888 $ cd $SRCDIR/usr.sbin/makefs
889 $ make depend all install
892 FreeBSD boot loader enhanced with Lua scripting. It's purely opt-in for
893 now by building WITH_LOADER_LUA and WITHOUT_FORTH in /etc/src.conf.
894 Co-existence for the transition period will come shortly. Booting is a
895 complex environment and test coverage for Lua-enabled loaders has been
896 thin, so it would be prudent to assume it might not work and make
897 provisions for backup boot methods.
900 devmatch functionality has been turned on in devd. It will automatically
901 load drivers for unattached devices. This may cause unexpected drivers
902 to be loaded. Please report any problems to current@ and
906 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
907 6.0.0. Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
908 prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
912 LLVM's lld linker is now used as the FreeBSD/amd64 bootstrap linker.
913 This means it is used to link the kernel and userland libraries and
914 executables, but is not yet installed as /usr/bin/ld by default.
916 To revert to ld.bfd as the bootstrap linker, in /etc/src.conf set
917 WITHOUT_LLD_BOOTSTRAP=yes
920 On i386, pmtimer has been removed. Its functionality has been folded
921 into apm. It was a no-op on ACPI in current for a while now (but was
922 still needed on i386 in FreeBSD 11 and earlier). Users may need to
923 remove it from kernel config files.
926 The use of RSS hash from the network card aka flowid has been
927 disabled by default for lagg(4) as it's currently incompatible with
928 the lacp and loadbalance protocols.
930 This can be re-enabled by setting the following in loader.conf:
931 net.link.lagg.default_use_flowid="1"
934 The SW_WATCHDOG option is no longer necessary to enable the
935 hardclock-based software watchdog if no hardware watchdog is
936 configured. As before, SW_WATCHDOG will cause the software
937 watchdog to be enabled even if a hardware watchdog is configured.
940 r326887 fixes the issue described in the 20171214 UPDATING entry.
941 r326888 flips the switch back to building GELI support always.
944 r362593 broke ZFS + GELI support for reasons unknown. However,
945 it also broke ZFS support generally, so GELI has been turned off
946 by default as the lesser evil in r326857. If you boot off ZFS and/or
947 GELI, it might not be a good time to update.
950 PowerPC users must update loader(8) by rebuilding world before
951 installing a new kernel, as the protocol connecting them has
952 changed. Without the update, loader metadata will not be passed
953 successfully to the kernel and users will have to enter their
954 root partition at the kernel mountroot prompt to continue booting.
955 Newer versions of loader can boot old kernels without issue.
958 The LOADER_FIREWIRE_SUPPORT build variable as been renamed to
959 WITH/OUT_LOADER_FIREWIRE. LOADER_{NO_,}GELI_SUPPORT has been renamed
960 to WITH/OUT_LOADER_GELI.
963 The naive and non-compliant support of posix_fallocate(2) in ZFS
964 has been removed as of r325320. The system call now returns EINVAL
965 when used on a ZFS file. Although the new behavior complies with the
966 standard, some consumers are not prepared to cope with it.
967 One known victim is lld prior to r325420.
970 Building in a FreeBSD src checkout will automatically create object
971 directories now rather than store files in the current directory if
972 'make obj' was not ran. Calling 'make obj' is no longer necessary.
973 This feature can be disabled by setting WITHOUT_AUTO_OBJ=yes in
974 /etc/src-env.conf (not /etc/src.conf), or passing the option in the
978 The default MAKEOBJDIR has changed from /usr/obj/<srcdir> for native
979 builds, and /usr/obj/<arch>/<srcdir> for cross-builds, to a unified
980 /usr/obj/<srcdir>/<arch>. This behavior can be changed to the old
981 format by setting WITHOUT_UNIFIED_OBJDIR=yes in /etc/src-env.conf,
982 the environment, or with -DWITHOUT_UNIFIED_OBJDIR when building.
983 The UNIFIED_OBJDIR option is a transitional feature that will be
984 removed for 12.0 release; please migrate to the new format for any
985 tools by looking up the OBJDIR used by 'make -V .OBJDIR' means rather
986 than hardcoding paths.
989 The native-xtools target no longer installs the files by default to the
990 OBJDIR. Use the native-xtools-install target with a DESTDIR to install
991 to ${DESTDIR}/${NXTP} where NXTP defaults to /nxb-bin.
994 As part of the boot loader infrastructure cleanup, LOADER_*_SUPPORT
995 options are changing from controlling the build if defined / undefined
996 to controlling the build with explicit 'yes' or 'no' values. They will
997 shift to WITH/WITHOUT options to match other options in the system.
1000 libstand has turned into a private library for sys/boot use only.
1001 It is no longer supported as a public interface outside of sys/boot.
1004 The arm port has split armv6 into armv6 and armv7. armv7 is now
1005 a valid TARGET_ARCH/MACHINE_ARCH setting. If you have an armv7 system
1006 and are running a kernel from before r324363, you will need to add
1007 MACHINE_ARCH=armv7 to 'make buildworld' to do a native build.
1010 When building multiple kernels using KERNCONF, non-existent KERNCONF
1011 files will produce an error and buildkernel will fail. Previously
1012 missing KERNCONF files silently failed giving no indication as to
1013 why, only to subsequently discover during installkernel that the
1014 desired kernel was never built in the first place.
1017 The default serial number format for CTL LUNs has changed. This will
1018 affect users who use /dev/diskid/* device nodes, or whose FibreChannel
1019 or iSCSI clients care about their LUNs' serial numbers. Users who
1020 require serial number stability should hardcode serial numbers in
1024 For 32-bit arm compiled for hard-float support, soft-floating point
1025 binaries now always get their shared libraries from
1026 LD_SOFT_LIBRARY_PATH (in the past, this was only used if
1027 /usr/libsoft also existed). Only users with a hard-float ld.so, but
1028 soft-float everything else should be affected.
1031 The geli password typed at boot is now hidden. To restore the previous
1032 behavior, see geli(8) for configuration options.
1035 Move PMTUD blackhole counters to TCPSTATS and remove them from bare
1036 sysctl values. Minor nit, but requires a rebuild of both world/kernel
1040 "make check" behavior (made in ^/head@r295380) has been changed to
1041 execute from a limited sandbox, as opposed to executing from
1045 - The "beforecheck" and "aftercheck" targets are now specified.
1046 - ${CHECKDIR} (added in commit noted above) has been removed.
1047 - Legacy behavior can be enabled by setting
1048 WITHOUT_MAKE_CHECK_USE_SANDBOX in src.conf(5) or the environment.
1050 If the limited sandbox mode is enabled, "make check" will execute
1051 "make distribution", then install, execute the tests, and clean up the
1052 sandbox if successful.
1054 The "make distribution" and "make install" targets are typically run as
1055 root to set appropriate permissions and ownership at installation time.
1056 The end-user should set "WITH_INSTALL_AS_USER" in src.conf(5) or the
1057 environment if executing "make check" with limited sandbox mode using
1058 an unprivileged user.
1061 Since the switch to GPT disk labels, fsck for UFS/FFS has been
1062 unable to automatically find alternate superblocks. As of r322297,
1063 the information needed to find alternate superblocks has been
1064 moved to the end of the area reserved for the boot block.
1065 Filesystems created with a newfs of this vintage or later
1066 will create the recovery information. If you have a filesystem
1067 created prior to this change and wish to have a recovery block
1068 created for your filesystem, you can do so by running fsck in
1069 foreground mode (i.e., do not use the -p or -y options). As it
1070 starts, fsck will ask ``SAVE DATA TO FIND ALTERNATE SUPERBLOCKS''
1071 to which you should answer yes.
1074 As of r321665, an NFSv4 server configuration that services
1075 Kerberos mounts or clients that do not support the uid/gid in
1076 owner/owner_group string capability, must explicitly enable
1077 the nfsuserd daemon by adding nfsuserd_enable="YES" to the
1078 machine's /etc/rc.conf file.
1081 Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 5.0.0.
1082 Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1083 and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1086 WITHOUT_RCMDS is now the default. Set WITH_RCMDS if you need the
1087 r-commands (rlogin, rsh, etc.) to be built with the base system.
1090 The FreeBSD/powerpc platform now uses a 64-bit type for time_t. This is
1091 a very major ABI incompatible change, so users of FreeBSD/powerpc must
1092 be careful when performing source upgrades. It is best to run
1093 'make installworld' from an alternate root system, either a live
1094 CD/memory stick, or a temporary root partition. Additionally, all ports
1095 must be recompiled. powerpc64 is largely unaffected, except in the case
1096 of 32-bit compatibility. All 32-bit binaries will be affected.
1099 Forward compatibility for the "ino64" project have been committed. This
1100 will allow most new binaries to run on older kernels in a limited
1101 fashion. This prevents many of the common foot-shooting actions in the
1102 upgrade as well as the limited ability to roll back the kernel across
1103 the ino64 upgrade. Complicated use cases may not work properly, though
1104 enough simpler ones work to allow recovery in most situations.
1107 Switch back to the BSDL dtc (Device Tree Compiler). Set WITH_GPL_DTC
1108 if you require the GPL compiler.
1111 The internal ABI used for communication between the NFS kernel modules
1112 was changed by r320085, so __FreeBSD_version was bumped to
1113 ensure all the NFS related modules are updated together.
1116 The ABI of struct event was changed by extending the data
1117 member to 64bit and adding ext fields. For upgrade, same
1118 precautions as for the entry 20170523 "ino64" must be
1122 The GNU roff toolchain has been removed from base. To render manpages
1123 which are not supported by mandoc(1), man(1) can fallback on GNU roff
1124 from ports (and recommends to install it).
1125 To render roff(7) documents, consider using GNU roff from ports or the
1126 heirloom doctools roff toolchain from ports via pkg install groff or
1127 via pkg install heirloom-doctools.
1130 The ath(4) and ath_hal(4) modules now build piecemeal to allow for
1131 smaller runtime footprint builds. This is useful for embedded systems
1132 which only require one chipset support.
1134 If you load it as a module, make sure this is in /boot/loader.conf:
1138 This will load the HAL, all chip/RF backends and if_ath_pci.
1139 If you have if_ath_pci in /boot/loader.conf, ensure it is after
1140 if_ath or it will not load any HAL chipset support.
1142 If you want to selectively load things (eg on ye cheape ARM/MIPS
1143 platforms where RAM is at a premium) you should:
1146 * load the chip modules in question
1147 * load ath_rate, ath_dfs
1149 * load if_ath_pci and/or if_ath_ahb depending upon your particular
1150 bus bind type - this is where probe/attach is done.
1152 For further comments/feedback, poke adrian@ .
1155 The "ino64" 64-bit inode project has been committed, which extends
1156 a number of types to 64 bits. Upgrading in place requires care and
1157 adherence to the documented upgrade procedure.
1159 If using a custom kernel configuration ensure that the
1160 COMPAT_FREEBSD11 option is included (as during the upgrade the
1161 system will be running the ino64 kernel with the existing world).
1163 For the safest in-place upgrade begin by removing previous build
1164 artifacts via "rm -rf /usr/obj/*". Then, carefully follow the full
1165 procedure documented below under the heading "To rebuild everything and
1166 install it on the current system." Specifically, a reboot is required
1167 after installing the new kernel before installing world. While an
1168 installworld normally works by accident from multiuser after rebooting
1169 the proper kernel, there are many cases where this will fail across this
1170 upgrade and installworld from single user is required.
1173 The NATM framework including the en(4), fatm(4), hatm(4), and
1174 patm(4) devices has been removed. Consumers should plan a
1175 migration before the end-of-life date for FreeBSD 11.
1178 GNU diff has been replaced by a BSD licensed diff. Some features of GNU
1179 diff has not been implemented, if those are needed a newer version of
1180 GNU diff is available via the diffutils package under the gdiff name.
1183 As of r316810 for ipfilter, keep frags is no longer assumed when
1184 keep state is specified in a rule. r316810 aligns ipfilter with
1185 documentation in man pages separating keep frags from keep state.
1186 This allows keep state to be specified without forcing keep frags
1187 and allows keep frags to be specified independently of keep state.
1188 To maintain previous behaviour, also specify keep frags with
1189 keep state (as documented in ipf.conf.5).
1192 arm64 builds now use the base system LLD 4.0.0 linker by default,
1193 instead of requiring that the aarch64-binutils port or package be
1194 installed. To continue using aarch64-binutils, set
1195 CROSS_BINUTILS_PREFIX=/usr/local/aarch64-freebsd/bin .
1198 The UDP optimization in entry 20160818 that added the sysctl
1199 net.inet.udp.require_l2_bcast has been reverted. L2 broadcast
1200 packets will no longer be treated as L3 broadcast packets.
1203 Binds and sends to the loopback addresses, IPv6 and IPv4, will now
1204 use any explicitly assigned loopback address available in the jail
1205 instead of using the first assigned address of the jail.
1208 The ctl.ko module no longer implements the iSCSI target frontend:
1209 cfiscsi.ko does instead.
1211 If building cfiscsi.ko as a kernel module, the module can be loaded
1212 via one of the following methods:
1213 - `cfiscsi_load="YES"` in loader.conf(5).
1214 - Add `cfiscsi` to `$kld_list` in rc.conf(5).
1215 - ctladm(8)/ctld(8), when compiled with iSCSI support
1216 (`WITH_ISCSI=yes` in src.conf(5))
1218 Please see cfiscsi(4) for more details.
1221 The mmcsd.ko module now additionally depends on geom_flashmap.ko.
1222 Also, mmc.ko and mmcsd.ko need to be a matching pair built from the
1223 same source (previously, the dependency of mmcsd.ko on mmc.ko was
1224 missing, but mmcsd.ko now will refuse to load if it is incompatible
1228 The syntax of ipfw(8) named states was changed to avoid ambiguity.
1229 If you have used named states in the firewall rules, you need to modify
1230 them after installworld and before rebooting. Now named states must
1231 be prefixed with colon.
1234 The old drm (sys/dev/drm/) drivers for i915 and radeon have been
1235 removed as the userland we provide cannot use them. The KMS version
1236 (sys/dev/drm2) supports the same hardware.
1239 Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 4.0.0.
1240 Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1241 and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1244 The code that provides support for ZFS .zfs/ directory functionality
1245 has been reimplemented. It's not possible now to create a snapshot
1246 by mkdir under .zfs/snapshot/. That should be the only user visible
1250 EISA bus support has been removed. The WITH_EISA option is no longer
1254 MCA bus support has been removed.
1257 The WITH_LLD_AS_LD / WITHOUT_LLD_AS_LD build knobs have been renamed
1258 WITH_LLD_IS_LD / WITHOUT_LLD_IS_LD, for consistency with CLANG_IS_CC.
1261 The EM_MULTIQUEUE kernel configuration option is deprecated now that
1262 the em(4) driver conforms to iflib specifications.
1265 The igb(4), em(4) and lem(4) ethernet drivers are now implemented via
1266 IFLIB. If you have a custom kernel configuration that excludes em(4)
1267 but you use igb(4), you need to re-add em(4) to your custom
1271 Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.9.1.
1272 Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1273 and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1276 Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.9.0.
1277 Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1278 and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1281 The layout of the pmap structure has changed for powerpc to put the pmap
1282 statistics at the front for all CPU variations. libkvm(3) and all tools
1283 that link against it need to be recompiled.
1286 isl(4) and cyapa(4) drivers now require a new driver,
1287 chromebook_platform(4), to work properly on Chromebook-class hardware.
1288 On other types of hardware the drivers may need to be configured using
1289 device hints. Please see the corresponding manual pages for details.
1292 The urtwn(4) driver was merged into rtwn(4) and now consists of
1293 rtwn(4) main module + rtwn_usb(4) and rtwn_pci(4) bus-specific
1295 Also, firmware for RTL8188CE was renamed due to possible name
1296 conflict (rtwnrtl8192cU(B) -> rtwnrtl8192cE(B))
1299 GNU rcs has been removed from base. It is available as packages:
1300 - rcs: Latest GPLv3 GNU rcs version.
1301 - rcs57: Copy of the latest version of GNU rcs (GPLv2) before it was
1305 Use of the cc_cdg, cc_chd, cc_hd, or cc_vegas congestion control
1306 modules now requires that the kernel configuration contain the
1307 TCP_HHOOK option. (This option is included in the GENERIC kernel.)
1310 The WITHOUT_ELFCOPY_AS_OBJCOPY src.conf(5) knob has been retired.
1311 ELF Tool Chain's elfcopy is always installed as /usr/bin/objcopy.
1314 Relocatable object files with the extension of .So have been renamed
1315 to use an extension of .pico instead. The purpose of this change is
1316 to avoid a name clash with shared libraries on case-insensitive file
1317 systems. On those file systems, foo.So is the same file as foo.so.
1320 GNU rcs has been turned off by default. It can (temporarily) be built
1321 again by adding WITH_RCS knob in src.conf.
1322 Otherwise, GNU rcs is available from packages:
1323 - rcs: Latest GPLv3 GNU rcs version.
1324 - rcs57: Copy of the latest version of GNU rcs (GPLv2) from base.
1327 The backup_uses_rcs functionality has been removed from rc.subr.
1330 The queue(3) debugging macro, QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG, has been split into
1331 two separate components, QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG_TRACE and
1332 QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG_TRASH. Define both for the original
1333 QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG behavior.
1336 r304787 changed some ioctl interfaces between the iSCSI userspace
1337 programs and the kernel. ctladm, ctld, iscsictl, and iscsid must be
1338 rebuilt to work with new kernels. __FreeBSD_version has been bumped
1342 The UDP receive code has been updated to only treat incoming UDP
1343 packets that were addressed to an L2 broadcast address as L3
1344 broadcast packets. It is not expected that this will affect any
1345 standards-conforming UDP application. The new behaviour can be
1346 disabled by setting the sysctl net.inet.udp.require_l2_bcast to
1350 Remove the openbsd_poll system call.
1351 __FreeBSD_version has been bumped because of this.
1354 The stable/11 branch has been created from head@r302406.
1357 The libc stub for the pipe(2) system call has been replaced with
1358 a wrapper that calls the pipe2(2) system call and the pipe(2)
1359 system call is now only implemented by the kernels that include
1360 "options COMPAT_FREEBSD10" in their config file (this is the
1361 default). Users should ensure that this option is enabled in
1362 their kernel or upgrade userspace to r302092 before upgrading their
1366 CAM will now strip leading spaces from SCSI disks' serial numbers.
1367 This will affect users who create UFS filesystems on SCSI disks using
1368 those disk's diskid device nodes. For example, if /etc/fstab
1369 previously contained a line like
1370 "/dev/diskid/DISK-%20%20%20%20%20%20%20ABCDEFG0123456", you should
1371 change it to "/dev/diskid/DISK-ABCDEFG0123456". Users of geom
1372 transforms like gmirror may also be affected. ZFS users should
1376 The bitstring(3) API has been updated with new functionality and
1377 improved performance. But it is binary-incompatible with the old API.
1378 Objects built with the new headers may not be linked against objects
1379 built with the old headers.
1382 The brk and sbrk functions have been removed from libc on arm64.
1383 Binutils from ports has been updated to not link to these
1384 functions and should be updated to the latest version before
1385 installing a new libc.
1388 The armv6 port now defaults to hard float ABI. Limited support
1389 for running both hardfloat and soft float on the same system
1390 is available using the libraries installed with -DWITH_LIBSOFT.
1391 This has only been tested as an upgrade path for installworld
1392 and packages may fail or need manual intervention to run. New
1393 packages will be needed.
1395 To update an existing self-hosted armv6hf system, you must add
1396 TARGET_ARCH=armv6 on the make command line for both the build
1397 and the install steps.
1400 Kernel modules compiled outside of a kernel build now default to
1401 installing to /boot/modules instead of /boot/kernel. Many kernel
1402 modules built this way (such as those in ports) already overrode
1403 KMODDIR explicitly to install into /boot/modules. However,
1404 manually building and installing a module from /sys/modules will
1405 now install to /boot/modules instead of /boot/kernel.
1408 The CAM I/O scheduler has been committed to the kernel. There should be
1409 no user visible impact. This does enable NCQ Trim on ada SSDs. While the
1410 list of known rogues that claim support for this but actually corrupt
1411 data is believed to be complete, be on the lookout for data
1412 corruption. The known rogue list is believed to be complete:
1414 o Crucial MX100, M550 drives with MU01 firmware.
1415 o Micron M510 and M550 drives with MU01 firmware.
1416 o Micron M500 prior to MU07 firmware
1417 o Samsung 830, 840, and 850 all firmwares
1418 o FCCT M500 all firmwares
1420 Crucial has firmware http://www.crucial.com/usa/en/support-ssd-firmware
1421 with working NCQ TRIM. For Micron branded drives, see your sales rep for
1422 updated firmware. Black listed drives will work correctly because these
1423 drives work correctly so long as no NCQ TRIMs are sent to them. Given
1424 this list is the same as found in Linux, it's believed there are no
1425 other rogues in the market place. All other models from the above
1428 To be safe, if you are at all concerned, you can quirk each of your
1429 drives to prevent NCQ from being sent by setting:
1430 kern.cam.ada.X.quirks="0x2"
1431 in loader.conf. If the drive requires the 4k sector quirk, set the
1432 quirks entry to 0x3.
1435 The FAST_DEPEND build option has been removed and its functionality is
1436 now the one true way. The old mkdep(1) style of 'make depend' has
1437 been removed. See 20160311 for further details.
1440 Resource range types have grown from unsigned long to uintmax_t. All
1441 drivers, and anything using libdevinfo, need to be recompiled.
1444 WITH_FAST_DEPEND is now enabled by default for in-tree and out-of-tree
1445 builds. It no longer runs mkdep(1) during 'make depend', and the
1446 'make depend' stage can safely be skipped now as it is auto ran
1447 when building 'make all' and will generate all SRCS and DPSRCS before
1448 building anything else. Dependencies are gathered at compile time with
1449 -MF flags kept in separate .depend files per object file. Users should
1450 run 'make cleandepend' once if using -DNO_CLEAN to clean out older
1451 stale .depend files.
1454 On amd64, clang 3.8.0 can now insert sections of type AMD64_UNWIND into
1455 kernel modules. Therefore, if you load any kernel modules at boot time,
1456 please install the boot loaders after you install the kernel, but before
1460 make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1461 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1462 make -C sys/boot install
1463 <reboot in single user>
1465 Then follow the usual steps, described in the General Notes section,
1469 Clang, llvm, lldb and compiler-rt have been upgraded to 3.8.0. Please
1470 see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites and
1471 upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1474 The AIO subsystem is now a standard part of the kernel. The
1475 VFS_AIO kernel option and aio.ko kernel module have been removed.
1476 Due to stability concerns, asynchronous I/O requests are only
1477 permitted on sockets and raw disks by default. To enable
1478 asynchronous I/O requests on all file types, set the
1479 vfs.aio.enable_unsafe sysctl to a non-zero value.
1482 The ELF object manipulation tool objcopy is now provided by the
1483 ELF Tool Chain project rather than by GNU binutils. It should be a
1484 drop-in replacement, with the addition of arm64 support. The
1485 (temporary) src.conf knob WITHOUT_ELFCOPY_AS_OBJCOPY knob may be set
1486 to obtain the GNU version if necessary.
1489 Building ZFS pools on top of zvols is prohibited by default. That
1490 feature has never worked safely; it's always been prone to deadlocks.
1491 Using a zvol as the backing store for a VM guest's virtual disk will
1492 still work, even if the guest is using ZFS. Legacy behavior can be
1493 restored by setting vfs.zfs.vol.recursive=1.
1496 The NONE and HPN patches has been removed from OpenSSH. They are
1497 still available in the security/openssh-portable port.
1500 With the addition of ypldap(8), a new _ypldap user is now required
1501 during installworld. "mergemaster -p" can be used to add the user
1502 prior to installworld, as documented in the handbook.
1505 The tftp loader (pxeboot) now uses the option root-path directive. As a
1506 consequence it no longer looks for a pxeboot.4th file on the tftp
1507 server. Instead it uses the regular /boot infrastructure as with the
1511 The code to start recording plug and play data into the modules has
1512 been committed. While the old tools will properly build a new kernel,
1513 a number of warnings about "unknown metadata record 4" will be produced
1514 for an older kldxref. To avoid such warnings, make sure to rebuild
1515 the kernel toolchain (or world). Make sure that you have r292078 or
1516 later when trying to build 292077 or later before rebuilding.
1519 Debug data files are now built by default with 'make buildworld' and
1520 installed with 'make installworld'. This facilitates debugging but
1521 requires more disk space both during the build and for the installed
1522 world. Debug files may be disabled by setting WITHOUT_DEBUG_FILES=yes
1526 r291527 changed the internal interface between the nfsd.ko and
1527 nfscommon.ko modules. As such, they must both be upgraded to-gether.
1528 __FreeBSD_version has been bumped because of this.
1531 Add support for unicode collation strings leads to a change of
1532 order of files listed by ls(1) for example. To get back to the old
1533 behaviour, set LC_COLLATE environment variable to "C".
1535 Databases administrators will need to reindex their databases given
1536 collation results will be different.
1538 Due to a bug in install(1) it is recommended to remove the ancient
1539 locales before running make installworld.
1541 rm -rf /usr/share/locale/*
1544 The OpenSSL has been upgraded to 1.0.2d. Any binaries requiring
1545 libcrypto.so.7 or libssl.so.7 must be recompiled.
1548 Qlogic 24xx/25xx firmware images were updated from 5.5.0 to 7.3.0.
1549 Kernel modules isp_2400_multi and isp_2500_multi were removed and
1550 should be replaced with isp_2400 and isp_2500 modules respectively.
1553 The build previously allowed using 'make -n' to not recurse into
1554 sub-directories while showing what commands would be executed, and
1555 'make -n -n' to recursively show commands. Now 'make -n' will recurse
1556 and 'make -N' will not.
1559 If you specify SENDMAIL_MC or SENDMAIL_CF in make.conf, mergemaster
1560 and etcupdate will now use this file. A custom sendmail.cf is now
1561 updated via this mechanism rather than via installworld. If you had
1562 excluded sendmail.cf in mergemaster.rc or etcupdate.conf, you may
1563 want to remove the exclusion or change it to "always install".
1564 /etc/mail/sendmail.cf is now managed the same way regardless of
1565 whether SENDMAIL_MC/SENDMAIL_CF is used. If you are not using
1566 SENDMAIL_MC/SENDMAIL_CF there should be no change in behavior.
1569 Compatibility shims for legacy ATA device names have been removed.
1570 It includes ATA_STATIC_ID kernel option, kern.cam.ada.legacy_aliases
1571 and kern.geom.raid.legacy_aliases loader tunables, kern.devalias.*
1572 environment variables, /dev/ad* and /dev/ar* symbolic links.
1575 Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.7.0.
1576 Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1577 and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1580 Kernel debug files have been moved to /usr/lib/debug/boot/kernel/,
1581 and renamed from .symbols to .debug. This reduces the size requirements
1582 on the boot partition or file system and provides consistency with
1583 userland debug files.
1585 When using the supported kernel installation method the
1586 /usr/lib/debug/boot/kernel directory will be renamed (to kernel.old)
1587 as is done with /boot/kernel.
1589 Developers wishing to maintain the historical behavior of installing
1590 debug files in /boot/kernel/ can set KERN_DEBUGDIR="" in src.conf(5).
1593 The wireless drivers had undergone changes that remove the 'parent
1594 interface' from the ifconfig -l output. The rc.d network scripts
1595 used to check presence of a parent interface in the list, so old
1596 scripts would fail to start wireless networking. Thus, etcupdate(3)
1597 or mergemaster(8) run is required after kernel update, to update your
1598 rc.d scripts in /etc.
1601 pf no longer supports 'scrub fragment crop' or 'scrub fragment drop-ovl'
1602 These configurations are now automatically interpreted as
1603 'scrub fragment reassemble'.
1606 Kernel-loadable modules for the random(4) device are back. To use
1607 them, the kernel must have
1610 options RANDOM_LOADABLE
1612 kldload(8) can then be used to load random_fortuna.ko
1613 or random_yarrow.ko. Please note that due to the indirect
1614 function calls that the loadable modules need to provide,
1615 the build-in variants will be slightly more efficient.
1617 The random(4) kernel option RANDOM_DUMMY has been retired due to
1618 unpopularity. It was not all that useful anyway.
1621 The WITHOUT_ELFTOOLCHAIN_TOOLS src.conf(5) knob has been retired.
1622 Control over building the ELF Tool Chain tools is now provided by
1623 the WITHOUT_TOOLCHAIN knob.
1626 The polarity of Pulse Per Second (PPS) capture events with the
1627 uart(4) driver has been corrected. Prior to this change the PPS
1628 "assert" event corresponded to the trailing edge of a positive PPS
1629 pulse and the "clear" event was the leading edge of the next pulse.
1631 As the width of a PPS pulse in a typical GPS receiver is on the
1632 order of 1 millisecond, most users will not notice any significant
1633 difference with this change.
1635 Anyone who has compensated for the historical polarity reversal by
1636 configuring a negative offset equal to the pulse width will need to
1637 remove that workaround.
1640 The default group assigned to /dev/dri entries has been changed
1641 from 'wheel' to 'video' with the id of '44'. If you want to have
1642 access to the dri devices please add yourself to the video group
1645 # pw groupmod video -m $USER
1648 The menu.rc and loader.rc files will now be replaced during
1649 upgrades. Please migrate local changes to menu.rc.local and
1650 loader.rc.local instead.
1653 GNU Binutils versions of addr2line, c++filt, nm, readelf, size,
1654 strings and strip have been removed. The src.conf(5) knob
1655 WITHOUT_ELFTOOLCHAIN_TOOLS no longer provides the binutils tools.
1658 As ZFS requires more kernel stack pages than is the default on some
1659 architectures e.g. i386, it now warns if KSTACK_PAGES is less than
1660 ZFS_MIN_KSTACK_PAGES (which is 4 at the time of writing).
1662 Please consider using 'options KSTACK_PAGES=X' where X is greater
1663 than or equal to ZFS_MIN_KSTACK_PAGES i.e. 4 in such configurations.
1666 sendmail has been updated to 8.15.2. Starting with FreeBSD 11.0
1667 and sendmail 8.15, sendmail uses uncompressed IPv6 addresses by
1668 default, i.e., they will not contain "::". For example, instead
1669 of ::1, it will be 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1. This permits a zero subnet
1670 to have a more specific match, such as different map entries for
1671 IPv6:0:0 vs IPv6:0. This change requires that configuration
1672 data (including maps, files, classes, custom ruleset, etc.) must
1673 use the same format, so make certain such configuration data is
1674 upgrading. As a very simple check search for patterns like
1675 'IPv6:[0-9a-fA-F:]*::' and 'IPv6::'. To return to the old
1676 behavior, set the m4 option confUSE_COMPRESSED_IPV6_ADDRESSES or
1677 the cf option UseCompressedIPv6Addresses.
1680 The default kernel entropy-processing algorithm is now
1681 Fortuna, replacing Yarrow.
1683 Assuming you have 'device random' in your kernel config
1684 file, the configurations allow a kernel option to override
1685 this default. You may choose *ONE* of:
1687 options RANDOM_YARROW # Legacy /dev/random algorithm.
1688 options RANDOM_DUMMY # Blocking-only driver.
1690 If you have neither, you get Fortuna. For most people,
1691 read no further, Fortuna will give a /dev/random that works
1692 like it always used to, and the difference will be irrelevant.
1694 If you remove 'device random', you get *NO* kernel-processed
1695 entropy at all. This may be acceptable to folks building
1696 embedded systems, but has complications. Carry on reading,
1697 and it is assumed you know what you need.
1699 *PLEASE* read random(4) and random(9) if you are in the
1700 habit of tweaking kernel configs, and/or if you are a member
1701 of the embedded community, wanting specific and not-usual
1702 behaviour from your security subsystems.
1704 NOTE!! If you use RANDOM_DUMMY and/or have no 'device
1705 random', you will NOT have a functioning /dev/random, and
1706 many cryptographic features will not work, including SSH.
1707 You may also find strange behaviour from the random(3) set
1708 of library functions, in particular sranddev(3), srandomdev(3)
1709 and arc4random(3). The reason for this is that the KERN_ARND
1710 sysctl only returns entropy if it thinks it has some to
1711 share, and with RANDOM_DUMMY or no 'device random' this
1715 An additional fix for the issue described in the 20150614 sendmail
1716 entry below has been committed in revision 284717.
1719 FreeBSD's old make (fmake) has been removed from the system. It is
1720 available as the devel/fmake port or via pkg install fmake.
1723 The fix for the issue described in the 20150614 sendmail entry
1724 below has been committed in revision 284436. The work
1725 around described in that entry is no longer needed unless the
1726 default setting is overridden by a confDH_PARAMETERS configuration
1727 setting of '5' or pointing to a 512 bit DH parameter file.
1730 ALLOW_DEPRECATED_ATF_TOOLS/ATFFILE support has been removed from
1731 atf.test.mk (included from bsd.test.mk). Please upgrade devel/atf
1732 and devel/kyua to version 0.20+ and adjust any calling code to work
1733 with Kyuafile and kyua.
1736 The import of openssl to address the FreeBSD-SA-15:10.openssl
1737 security advisory includes a change which rejects handshakes
1738 with DH parameters below 768 bits. sendmail releases prior
1739 to 8.15.2 (not yet released), defaulted to a 512 bit
1740 DH parameter setting for client connections. To work around
1741 this interoperability, sendmail can be configured to use a
1742 2048 bit DH parameter by:
1744 1. Edit /etc/mail/`hostname`.mc
1745 2. If a setting for confDH_PARAMETERS does not exist or
1746 exists and is set to a string beginning with '5',
1747 replace it with '2'.
1748 3. If a setting for confDH_PARAMETERS exists and is set to
1749 a file path, create a new file with:
1750 openssl dhparam -out /path/to/file 2048
1751 4. Rebuild the .cf file:
1752 cd /etc/mail/; make; make install
1753 5. Restart sendmail:
1754 cd /etc/mail/; make restart
1756 A sendmail patch is coming, at which time this file will be
1760 Generation of legacy formatted entries have been disabled by default
1761 in pwd_mkdb(8), as all base system consumers of the legacy formatted
1762 entries were converted to use the new format by default when the new,
1763 machine independent format have been added and supported since FreeBSD
1766 Please see the pwd_mkdb(8) manual page for further details.
1769 Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.6.1 release. Please see the
1770 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites and upgrading,
1771 if you are not already using 3.5.0 or higher.
1774 TI platform code switched to using vendor DTS files and this update
1775 may break existing systems running on Beaglebone, Beaglebone Black,
1778 - dtb files should be regenerated/reinstalled. Filenames are the
1779 same but content is different now
1780 - GPIO addressing was changed, now each GPIO bank (32 pins per bank)
1781 has its own /dev/gpiocX device, e.g. pin 121 on /dev/gpioc0 in old
1782 addressing scheme is now pin 25 on /dev/gpioc3.
1783 - Pandaboard: /etc/ttys should be updated, serial console device is
1784 now /dev/ttyu2, not /dev/ttyu0
1787 soelim(1) from gnu/usr.bin/groff has been replaced by usr.bin/soelim.
1788 If you need the GNU extension from groff soelim(1), install groff
1789 from package: pkg install groff, or via ports: textproc/groff.
1792 chmod, chflags, chown and chgrp now affect symlinks in -R mode as
1793 defined in symlink(7); previously symlinks were silently ignored.
1796 The const qualifier has been removed from iconv(3) to comply with
1797 POSIX. The ports tree is aware of this from r384038 onwards.
1800 Libraries specified by LIBADD in Makefiles must have a corresponding
1801 DPADD_<lib> variable to ensure correct dependencies. This is now
1802 enforced in src.libnames.mk.
1805 From legacy ata(4) driver was removed support for SATA controllers
1806 supported by more functional drivers ahci(4), siis(4) and mvs(4).
1807 Kernel modules ataahci and ataadaptec were removed completely,
1808 replaced by ahci and mvs modules respectively.
1811 Clang, llvm and lldb have been upgraded to 3.6.0 release. Please see
1812 the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites and
1813 upgrading, if you are not already using 3.5.0 or higher.
1816 The 32-bit PowerPC kernel has been changed to a position-independent
1817 executable. This can only be booted with a version of loader(8)
1818 newer than January 31, 2015, so make sure to update both world and
1819 kernel before rebooting.
1822 If you are running a -CURRENT kernel since r273872 (Oct 30th, 2014),
1823 but before r278950, the RNG was not seeded properly. Immediately
1824 upgrade the kernel to r278950 or later and regenerate any keys (e.g.
1825 ssh keys or openssl keys) that were generated w/ a kernel from that
1826 range. This does not affect programs that directly used /dev/random
1827 or /dev/urandom. All userland uses of arc4random(3) are affected.
1830 The autofs(4) ABI was changed in order to restore binary compatibility
1831 with 10.1-RELEASE. The automountd(8) daemon needs to be rebuilt to work
1832 with the new kernel.
1835 The powerpc64 kernel has been changed to a position-independent
1836 executable. This can only be booted with a new version of loader(8),
1837 so make sure to update both world and kernel before rebooting.
1840 Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.5.1 release. This is a bugfix
1841 only release, no new features have been added. Please see the 20141231
1842 entry below for information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you
1843 are not already using 3.5.0.
1846 ELF tools addr2line, elfcopy (strip), nm, size, and strings are now
1847 taken from the ELF Tool Chain project rather than GNU binutils. They
1848 should be drop-in replacements, with the addition of arm64 support.
1849 The WITHOUT_ELFTOOLCHAIN_TOOLS= knob may be used to obtain the
1850 binutils tools, if necessary. See 20150805 for updated information.
1853 The default Unbound configuration now enables remote control
1854 using a local socket. Users who have already enabled the
1855 local_unbound service should regenerate their configuration
1856 by running "service local_unbound setup" as root.
1859 The GNU texinfo and GNU info pages have been removed.
1860 To be able to view GNU info pages please install texinfo from ports.
1863 Clang, llvm and lldb have been upgraded to 3.5.0 release.
1865 As of this release, a prerequisite for building clang, llvm and lldb is
1866 a C++11 capable compiler and C++11 standard library. This means that to
1867 be able to successfully build the cross-tools stage of buildworld, with
1868 clang as the bootstrap compiler, your system compiler or cross compiler
1869 should either be clang 3.3 or later, or gcc 4.8 or later, and your
1870 system C++ library should be libc++, or libdstdc++ from gcc 4.8 or
1873 On any standard FreeBSD 10.x or 11.x installation, where clang and
1874 libc++ are on by default (that is, on x86 or arm), this should work out
1877 On 9.x installations where clang is enabled by default, e.g. on x86 and
1878 powerpc, libc++ will not be enabled by default, so libc++ should be
1879 built (with clang) and installed first. If both clang and libc++ are
1880 missing, build clang first, then use it to build libc++.
1882 On 8.x and earlier installations, upgrade to 9.x first, and then follow
1883 the instructions for 9.x above.
1885 Sparc64 and mips users are unaffected, as they still use gcc 4.2.1 by
1886 default, and do not build clang.
1888 Many embedded systems are resource constrained, and will not be able to
1889 build clang in a reasonable time, or in some cases at all. In those
1890 cases, cross building bootable systems on amd64 is a workaround.
1892 This new version of clang introduces a number of new warnings, of which
1893 the following are most likely to appear:
1897 This warns in two cases, for both C and C++:
1898 * When the code is trying to take the absolute value of an unsigned
1899 quantity, which is effectively a no-op, and almost never what was
1900 intended. The code should be fixed, if at all possible. If you are
1901 sure that the unsigned quantity can be safely cast to signed, without
1902 loss of information or undefined behavior, you can add an explicit
1903 cast, or disable the warning.
1905 * When the code is trying to take an absolute value, but the called
1906 abs() variant is for the wrong type, which can lead to truncation.
1907 If you want to disable the warning instead of fixing the code, please
1908 make sure that truncation will not occur, or it might lead to unwanted
1911 -Wtautological-undefined-compare and
1912 -Wundefined-bool-conversion
1914 These warn when C++ code is trying to compare 'this' against NULL, while
1915 'this' should never be NULL in well-defined C++ code. However, there is
1916 some legacy (pre C++11) code out there, which actively abuses this
1917 feature, which was less strictly defined in previous C++ versions.
1919 Squid and openjdk do this, for example. The warning can be turned off
1920 for C++98 and earlier, but compiling the code in C++11 mode might result
1921 in unexpected behavior; for example, the parts of the program that are
1922 unreachable could be optimized away.
1925 The old NFS client and server (kernel options NFSCLIENT, NFSSERVER)
1926 kernel sources have been removed. The .h files remain, since some
1927 utilities include them. This will need to be fixed later.
1928 If "mount -t oldnfs ..." is attempted, it will fail.
1929 If the "-o" option on mountd(8), nfsd(8) or nfsstat(1) is used,
1930 the utilities will report errors.
1933 The handling of LOCAL_LIB_DIRS has been altered to skip addition of
1934 directories to top level SUBDIR variable when their parent
1935 directory is included in LOCAL_DIRS. Users with build systems with
1936 such hierarchies and without SUBDIR entries in the parent
1937 directory Makefiles should add them or add the directories to
1941 faith(4) and faithd(8) have been removed from the base system. Faith
1942 has been obsolete for a very long time.
1945 vt(4), the new console driver, is enabled by default. It brings
1946 support for Unicode and double-width characters, as well as
1947 support for UEFI and integration with the KMS kernel video
1950 You may need to update your console settings in /etc/rc.conf,
1951 most probably the keymap. During boot, /etc/rc.d/syscons will
1952 indicate what you need to do.
1954 vt(4) still has issues and lacks some features compared to
1955 syscons(4). See the wiki for up-to-date information:
1956 https://wiki.freebsd.org/Newcons
1958 If you want to keep using syscons(4), you can do so by adding
1959 the following line to /boot/loader.conf:
1963 pjdfstest has been integrated into kyua as an opt-in test suite.
1964 Please see share/doc/pjdfstest/README for more details on how to
1968 gperf has been removed from the base system for architectures
1969 that use clang. Ports that require gperf will obtain it from the
1973 pjdfstest has been moved from tools/regression/pjdfstest to
1977 At svn r271982, The default linux compat kernel ABI has been adjusted
1978 to 2.6.18 in support of the linux-c6 compat ports infrastructure
1979 update. If you wish to continue using the linux-f10 compat ports,
1980 add compat.linux.osrelease=2.6.16 to your local sysctl.conf. Users are
1981 encouraged to update their linux-compat packages to linux-c6 during
1982 their next update cycle.
1985 The ofwfb driver, used to provide a graphics console on PowerPC when
1986 using vt(4), no longer allows mmap() of all physical memory. This
1987 will prevent Xorg on PowerPC with some ATI graphics cards from
1988 initializing properly unless x11-servers/xorg-server is updated to
1992 The xdev targets have been converted to using TARGET and
1993 TARGET_ARCH instead of XDEV and XDEV_ARCH.
1996 The default unbound configuration has been modified to address
1997 issues with reverse lookups on networks that use private
1998 address ranges. If you use the local_unbound service, run
1999 "service local_unbound setup" as root to regenerate your
2000 configuration, then "service local_unbound reload" to load the
2004 The GNU texinfo and GNU info pages are not built and installed
2005 anymore, WITH_INFO knob has been added to allow to built and install
2007 UPDATE: see 20150102 entry on texinfo's removal
2010 The GNU readline library is now an INTERNALLIB - that is, it is
2011 statically linked into consumers (GDB and variants) in the base
2012 system, and the shared library is no longer installed. The
2013 devel/readline port is available for third party software that
2017 The Itanium architecture (ia64) has been removed from the list of
2018 known architectures. This is the first step in the removal of the
2022 Commit r268115 has added NFSv4.1 server support, merged from
2023 projects/nfsv4.1-server. Since this includes changes to the
2024 internal interfaces between the NFS related modules, a full
2025 build of the kernel and modules will be necessary.
2026 __FreeBSD_version has been bumped.
2029 The WITHOUT_VT_SUPPORT kernel config knob has been renamed
2030 WITHOUT_VT. (The other _SUPPORT knobs have a consistent meaning
2031 which differs from the behaviour controlled by this knob.)
2034 Maximal length of the serial number in CTL was increased from 16 to
2035 64 chars, that breaks ABI. All CTL-related tools, such as ctladm
2036 and ctld, need to be rebuilt to work with a new kernel.
2039 The libatf-c and libatf-c++ major versions were downgraded to 0 and
2040 1 respectively to match the upstream numbers. They were out of
2041 sync because, when they were originally added to FreeBSD, the
2042 upstream versions were not respected. These libraries are private
2043 and not yet built by default, so renumbering them should be a
2044 non-issue. However, unclean source trees will yield broken test
2045 programs once the operator executes "make delete-old-libs" after a
2046 "make installworld".
2048 Additionally, the atf-sh binary was made private by moving it into
2049 /usr/libexec/. Already-built shell test programs will keep the
2050 path to the old binary so they will break after "make delete-old"
2053 If you are using WITH_TESTS=yes (not the default), wipe the object
2054 tree and rebuild from scratch to prevent spurious test failures.
2055 This is only needed once: the misnumbered libraries and misplaced
2056 binaries have been added to OptionalObsoleteFiles.inc so they will
2057 be removed during a clean upgrade.
2060 Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.4.1 release.
2063 We bogusly installed src.opts.mk in /usr/share/mk. This file should
2064 be removed to avoid issues in the future (and has been added to
2068 /etc/src.conf now affects only builds of the FreeBSD src tree. In the
2069 past, it affected all builds that used the bsd.*.mk files. The old
2070 behavior was a bug, but people may have relied upon it. To get this
2071 behavior back, you can .include /etc/src.conf from /etc/make.conf
2072 (which is still global and isn't changed). This also changes the
2073 behavior of incremental builds inside the tree of individual
2074 directories. Set MAKESYSPATH to ".../share/mk" to do that.
2075 Although this has survived make universe and some upgrade scenarios,
2076 other upgrade scenarios may have broken. At least one form of
2077 temporary breakage was fixed with MAKESYSPATH settings for buildworld
2078 as well... In cases where MAKESYSPATH isn't working with this
2079 setting, you'll need to set it to the full path to your tree.
2081 One side effect of all this cleaning up is that bsd.compiler.mk
2082 is no longer implicitly included by bsd.own.mk. If you wish to
2083 use COMPILER_TYPE, you must now explicitly include bsd.compiler.mk
2087 The lindev device has been removed since /dev/full has been made a
2088 standard device. __FreeBSD_version has been bumped.
2091 The knob WITHOUT_VI was added to the base system, which controls
2092 building ex(1), vi(1), etc. Older releases of FreeBSD required ex(1)
2093 in order to reorder files share/termcap and didn't build ex(1) as a
2094 build tool, so building/installing with WITH_VI is highly advised for
2095 build hosts for older releases.
2097 This issue has been fixed in stable/9 and stable/10 in r277022 and
2098 r276991, respectively.
2101 The YES_HESIOD knob has been removed. It has been obsolete for
2102 a decade. Please move to using WITH_HESIOD instead or your builds
2103 will silently lack HESIOD.
2106 The uart(4) driver has been changed with respect to its handling
2107 of the low-level console. Previously the uart(4) driver prevented
2108 any process from changing the baudrate or the CLOCAL and HUPCL
2109 control flags. By removing the restrictions, operators can make
2110 changes to the serial console port without having to reboot.
2111 However, when getty(8) is started on the serial device that is
2112 associated with the low-level console, a misconfigured terminal
2113 line in /etc/ttys will now have a real impact.
2114 Before upgrading the kernel, make sure that /etc/ttys has the
2115 serial console device configured as 3wire without baudrate to
2116 preserve the previous behaviour. E.g:
2117 ttyu0 "/usr/libexec/getty 3wire" vt100 on secure
2120 Support for libwrap (TCP wrappers) in rpcbind was disabled by default
2121 to improve performance. To re-enable it, if needed, run rpcbind
2122 with command line option -W.
2125 Switched back to the GPL dtc compiler due to updates in the upstream
2126 dts files not being supported by the BSDL dtc compiler. You will need
2127 to rebuild your kernel toolchain to pick up the new compiler. Core dumps
2128 may result while building dtb files during a kernel build if you fail
2129 to do so. Set WITHOUT_GPL_DTC if you require the BSDL compiler.
2132 Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.4 release.
2135 The nve(4) driver has been removed. Please use the nfe(4) driver
2136 for NVIDIA nForce MCP Ethernet adapters instead.
2139 An ABI incompatibility crept into the libc++ 3.4 import in r261283.
2140 This could cause certain C++ applications using shared libraries built
2141 against the previous version of libc++ to crash. The incompatibility
2142 has now been fixed, but any C++ applications or shared libraries built
2143 between r261283 and r261801 should be recompiled.
2146 OpenSSH will now ignore errors caused by kernel lacking of Capsicum
2147 capability mode support. Please note that enabling the feature in
2148 kernel is still highly recommended.
2151 OpenSSH is now built with sandbox support, and will use sandbox as
2152 the default privilege separation method. This requires Capsicum
2153 capability mode support in kernel.
2156 The libelf and libdwarf libraries have been updated to newer
2157 versions from upstream. Shared library version numbers for
2158 these two libraries were bumped. Any ports or binaries
2159 requiring these two libraries should be recompiled.
2160 __FreeBSD_version is bumped to 1100006.
2163 If a Makefile in a tests/ directory was auto-generating a Kyuafile
2164 instead of providing an explicit one, this would prevent such
2165 Makefile from providing its own Kyuafile in the future during
2166 NO_CLEAN builds. This has been fixed in the Makefiles but manual
2167 intervention is needed to clean an objdir if you use NO_CLEAN:
2168 # find /usr/obj -name Kyuafile | xargs rm -f
2171 The behavior of gss_pseudo_random() for the krb5 mechanism
2172 has changed, for applications requesting a longer random string
2173 than produced by the underlying enctype's pseudo-random() function.
2174 In particular, the random string produced from a session key of
2175 enctype aes256-cts-hmac-sha1-96 or aes256-cts-hmac-sha1-96 will
2176 be different at the 17th octet and later, after this change.
2177 The counter used in the PRF+ construction is now encoded as a
2178 big-endian integer in accordance with RFC 4402.
2179 __FreeBSD_version is bumped to 1100004.
2182 The WITHOUT_ATF build knob has been removed and its functionality
2183 has been subsumed into the more generic WITHOUT_TESTS. If you were
2184 using the former to disable the build of the ATF libraries, you
2185 should change your settings to use the latter.
2188 The default version of mtree is nmtree which is obtained from
2189 NetBSD. The output is generally the same, but may vary
2190 slightly. If you found you need identical output adding
2191 "-F freebsd9" to the command line should do the trick. For the
2192 time being, the old mtree is available as fmtree.
2195 libbsdyml has been renamed to libyaml and moved to /usr/lib/private.
2196 This will break ports-mgmt/pkg. Rebuild the port, or upgrade to pkg
2197 1.1.4_8 and verify bsdyml not linked in, before running "make
2199 # make -C /usr/ports/ports-mgmt/pkg build deinstall install clean
2201 # pkg install pkg; ldd /usr/local/sbin/pkg | grep bsdyml
2204 The stable/10 branch has been created in subversion from head
2211 Sometimes, obscure build problems are the result of environment
2212 poisoning. This can happen because the make utility reads its
2213 environment when searching for values for global variables. To run
2214 your build attempts in an "environmental clean room", prefix all make
2215 commands with 'env -i '. See the env(1) manual page for more details.
2216 Occasionally a build failure will occur with "make -j" due to a race
2217 condition. If this happens try building again without -j, and please
2218 report a bug if it happens consistently.
2220 When upgrading from one major version to another it is generally best to
2221 upgrade to the latest code in the currently installed branch first, then
2222 do an upgrade to the new branch. This is the best-tested upgrade path,
2223 and has the highest probability of being successful. Please try this
2224 approach if you encounter problems with a major version upgrade. Since
2225 the stable 4.x branch point, one has generally been able to upgrade from
2226 anywhere in the most recent stable branch to head / current (or even the
2227 last couple of stable branches). See the top of this file when there's
2230 The update process will emit an error on an attempt to perform a build
2231 or install from a FreeBSD version below the earliest supported version.
2232 When updating from an older version the update should be performed one
2233 major release at a time, including running `make delete-old` at each
2236 When upgrading a live system, having a root shell around before
2237 installing anything can help undo problems. Not having a root shell
2238 around can lead to problems if pam has changed too much from your
2239 starting point to allow continued authentication after the upgrade.
2241 This file should be read as a log of events. When a later event changes
2242 information of a prior event, the prior event should not be deleted.
2243 Instead, a pointer to the entry with the new information should be
2244 placed in the old entry. Readers of this file should also sanity check
2245 older entries before relying on them blindly. Authors of new entries
2246 should write them with this in mind.
2250 When upgrading the boot ZFS pool to a new version, always follow
2253 1.) recompile and reinstall the ZFS boot loader and boot block
2254 (this is part of "make buildworld" and "make installworld")
2256 2.) update the ZFS boot block on your boot drive
2258 The following example updates the ZFS boot block on the
2259 freebsd-boot partition of a GPT partitioned drive ada0:
2260 "gpart bootcode -p /boot/gptzfsboot -i $N ada0"
2261 The value $N will typically be 1 (if booting from BIOS) or 2 (if
2264 Non-boot pools do not need these updates.
2268 If you are updating from a prior version of FreeBSD (even one just
2269 a few days old), you should follow this procedure. It is the most
2270 failsafe as it uses a /usr/obj tree with a fresh mini-buildworld,
2272 make kernel-toolchain
2273 make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2274 make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2276 To test a kernel once
2277 ---------------------
2278 If you just want to boot a kernel once (because you are not sure
2279 if it works, or if you want to boot a known bad kernel to provide
2280 debugging information) run
2281 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE KODIR=/boot/testkernel
2282 nextboot -k testkernel
2284 To rebuild everything and install it on the current system.
2285 -----------------------------------------------------------
2286 # Note: sometimes if you are running current you gotta do more than
2287 # is listed here if you are upgrading from a really old current.
2289 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
2291 make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2292 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2294 <reboot in single user> [3]
2301 To cross-install current onto a separate partition
2302 --------------------------------------------------
2303 # In this approach we use a separate partition to hold
2304 # current's root, 'usr', and 'var' directories. A partition
2305 # holding "/", "/usr" and "/var" should be about 2GB in
2308 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
2311 make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2312 <maybe newfs current's root partition>
2313 <mount current's root partition on directory ${CURRENT_ROOT}>
2314 make installworld DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} -DDB_FROM_SRC
2315 make distribution DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} # if newfs'd
2316 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT}
2317 cp /etc/fstab ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab # if newfs'd
2318 <edit ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab to mount "/" from the correct partition>
2319 <reboot into current>
2320 <do a "native" rebuild/install as described in the previous section>
2321 <maybe install compatibility libraries from ports/misc/compat*>
2325 To upgrade in-place from stable to current
2326 ----------------------------------------------
2327 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
2329 make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE [8]
2330 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2332 <reboot in single user> [3]
2339 Make sure that you've read the UPDATING file to understand the
2340 tweaks to various things you need. At this point in the life
2341 cycle of current, things change often and you are on your own
2342 to cope. The defaults can also change, so please read ALL of
2343 the UPDATING entries.
2345 Also, if you are tracking -current, you must be subscribed to
2346 freebsd-current@freebsd.org. Make sure that before you update
2347 your sources that you have read and understood all the recent
2348 messages there. If in doubt, please track -stable which has
2349 much fewer pitfalls.
2351 [1] If you have third party modules, such as vmware, you should disable
2352 them at this point so they don't crash your system on
2353 reboot. Alternatively, you should rebuild all the modules you have in
2354 your system and install them as well. If you are running -current, you
2355 should seriously consider placing all sources to all the modules for
2356 your system (or symlinks to them) in /usr/local/sys/modules so this
2357 happens automatically. If all your modules come from ports, then adding
2358 the port origin directories to PORTS_MODULES instead is also automatic
2360 PORTS_MODULES+=x11/nvidia-driver
2362 [3] From the bootblocks, boot -s, and then do
2366 sh /etc/rc.d/zfs start # mount zfs filesystem, if needed
2367 cd src # full path to source
2368 adjkerntz -i # if CMOS is wall time
2369 Also, when doing a major release upgrade, it is required that you boot
2370 into single user mode to do the installworld.
2372 [4] Note: This step is non-optional. Failure to do this step
2373 can result in a significant reduction in the functionality of the
2374 system. Attempting to do it by hand is not recommended and those
2375 that pursue this avenue should read this file carefully, as well
2376 as the archives of freebsd-current and freebsd-hackers mailing lists
2377 for potential gotchas. The -U option is also useful to consider.
2378 See mergemaster(8) for more information.
2380 [5] Usually this step is a no-op. However, from time to time
2381 you may need to do this if you get unknown user in the following
2382 step. It never hurts to do it all the time. You may need to
2383 install a new mergemaster (cd src/usr.sbin/mergemaster && make
2384 install) after the buildworld before this step if you last updated
2385 from current before 20130425 or from -stable before 20130430.
2387 [6] This only deletes old files and directories. Old libraries
2388 can be deleted by "make delete-old-libs", but you have to make
2389 sure that no program is using those libraries anymore.
2391 [8] The new kernel must be able to run existing binaries used by an
2392 installworld. When upgrading across major versions, the new kernel's
2393 configuration must include the correct COMPAT_FREEBSD<n> option for
2394 existing binaries (e.g. COMPAT_FREEBSD11 to run 11.x binaries). Failure
2395 to do so may leave you with a system that is hard to boot to recover. A
2396 GENERIC kernel will include suitable compatibility options to run
2397 binaries from older branches. Note that the ability to run binaries
2398 from unsupported branches is not guaranteed.
2400 Make sure that you merge any new devices from GENERIC since the
2401 last time you updated your kernel config file. Options also
2402 change over time, so you may need to adjust your custom kernels
2405 [9] If CPUTYPE is defined in your /etc/make.conf, make sure to use the
2406 "?=" instead of the "=" assignment operator, so that buildworld can
2407 override the CPUTYPE if it needs to.
2409 MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX must be defined in an environment variable, and
2410 not on the command line, or in /etc/make.conf. buildworld will
2411 warn if it is improperly defined.
2414 This file contains a list, in reverse chronological order, of major
2415 breakages in tracking -current. It is not guaranteed to be a complete
2416 list of such breakages, and only contains entries since September 23, 2011.
2417 If you need to see UPDATING entries from before that date, you will need
2418 to fetch an UPDATING file from an older FreeBSD release.
2420 Copyright information:
2422 Copyright 1998-2009 M. Warner Losh <imp@FreeBSD.org>
2424 Redistribution, publication, translation and use, with or without
2425 modification, in full or in part, in any form or format of this
2426 document are permitted without further permission from the author.
2428 THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED BY WARNER LOSH ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
2429 IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
2430 WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
2431 DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL WARNER LOSH BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT,
2432 INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
2433 (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
2434 SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
2435 HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT,
2436 STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING
2437 IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
2438 POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
2440 Contact Warner Losh if you have any questions about your use of