1 Updating Information for FreeBSD stable/12 users.
3 This file is maintained and copyrighted by M. Warner Losh <imp@freebsd.org>.
4 See end of file for further details. For commonly done items, please see the
5 COMMON ITEMS: section later in the file. These instructions assume that you
6 basically know what you are doing. If not, then please consult the FreeBSD
9 https://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/makeworld.html
11 Items affecting the ports and packages system can be found in
12 /usr/ports/UPDATING. Please read that file before updating system packages
15 NOTE: FreeBSD has switched from gcc to clang. If you have trouble bootstrapping
16 from older versions of FreeBSD, try WITHOUT_CLANG and WITH_GCC to bootstrap to
17 the tip of head, and then rebuild without this option. The bootstrap process
18 from older version of current across the gcc/clang cutover is a bit fragile.
21 12.3-RELEASE-p1 FreeBSD-EN-22:02.xsave
22 FreeBSD-EN-22:03.hyperv
24 FreeBSD-EN-22:06.libalias
27 Correct size of the amd64 SSE area in the xsave layout [FreeBSD-EN-22:02.xsave]
29 Prepopulate Hyper-V PCI device bars [FreeBSD-EN-22:03.hyperv]
31 Fix amd64 pmap PCID mode invalidations [FreeBSD-EN-22:04.pcid]
33 Fix fragmented UDP packets handling [FreeBSD-EN-22:06.libalias]
35 Fix vt console buffer overflow [FreeBSD-SA-22:01.vt]
41 Commit b69019c14cd8 removes pf's DIOCGETSTATESNV ioctl.
42 As of be70c7a50d32 it is no longer used by userspace, but it does mean
43 users may not be able to enumerate pf states if they update the kernel
44 past c021ff986e2b without first updating userspace past be70c7a50d32.
47 The 20210707 awk update brought in a change in behavior. This has
48 been corrected as of d4d252c49976. Between these dates, if you
49 installed a new awk binary, you may not be able to build a new
50 kernel because the change in behavior affected the genoffset
51 script used to build the kernel. If you did update, the fix is
52 to update your sources past the above hash and do
55 % sudo -E make install
56 to enable building kernels again.
59 awk has been updated to the latest one-true-awk version 20210215.
60 This contains a number of minor bug fixes.
63 Commit 6ae32cc8182f changed the internal KAPI between the krpc and
64 nfsd modules. As such, both need to be rebuilt from sources.
65 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 1202508.
68 Commit e9959506d2cc changed the internal KAPI between the
69 nscl.ko and nfscommon.ko modules, so they both need to be
73 Commit 0a1fdb867c72 changed the internal KAPI between
74 the krpc and NFS. As such, the krpc, nfscommon and
75 nfscl modules must all be rebuilt from sources.
76 Without this patch, NFSv4.1 mounts should not
77 be done with the nfscbd(8) daemon running, to avoid
78 needing a working back channel for server->client RPCs.
81 The make.conf(5) MALLOC_PRODUCTION variable, used for disabling and
82 enabling assertions and statistics gathering in malloc(3), has been
83 migrated to a src.conf(5) WITH/WITHOUT_MALLOC_PRODUCTION option.
85 On stable branches, WITH_MALLOC_PRODUCTION is set by default, which
86 means that malloc(3) has assertions and statistics gathering disabled,
87 for improved performance.
89 For backwards compatibility, the make.conf(5) MALLOC_PRODUCTION is still
90 honored, but it is now deprecated and undocumented.
93 The resume code now notifies devd with the 'kernel' system
94 rather than the old 'kern' subsystem to be consistent with
95 other use. The old notification will be created as well, but
96 will be removed prior to FreeBSD 14.0.
99 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
100 been upgraded to 10.0.1. Please see the 20141231 entry below for
101 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
102 using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
105 read(2) of a directory fd is now rejected by default. root may
106 re-enable it for the entire system with the
107 security.bsd.allow_read_dir sysctl(8) MIB.
109 It may be advised to setup aliases for grep to default to `-d skip` if
110 commonly non-recursively grepping a list that includes directories and
111 the potential for the resulting stderr output is not tolerable. Example
112 aliases are now installed, commented out, in /root/.cshrc.
115 Upstream DTS from Linux 5.6 was merged and they now have the SID
116 and THS (Secure ID controller and THermal Sensor) node present.
117 The DTB overlays have now been removed from the tree for the H3/H5 and
118 A64 SoCs and the aw_sid and aw_thermal driver have been updated to
119 deal with upstream DTS. If you are using those overlays you need to
120 remove them from loader.conf and update the DTBs on the FAT partition.
123 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
124 been upgraded to 10.0.0. Please see the 20141231 entry below for
125 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
126 using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
129 The root certificates of the Mozilla CA Certificate Store have been
130 imported into the base system and can be managed with the certctl(8)
131 utility. If you have installed the security/ca_root_nss port or package
132 with the ETCSYMLINK option (the default), be advised that there may be
133 differences between those included in the port and those included in
134 base due to differences in nss branch used as well as general update
135 frequency. Note also that certctl(8) cannot manage certs in the
136 format used by the security/ca_root_nss port.
139 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
140 been upgraded to 9.0.1. Please see the 20141231 entry below for
141 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
142 using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
145 The nctgpio and wbwd drivers have been moved to the superio bus.
146 If you have one of these drivers in a kernel configuration, then
147 you should add device superio to it. If you use one of these drivers
148 as a module and you compile a custom set of modules, then you should
149 add superio to the set.
152 The tap(4) driver has been folded into tun(4), and the module has been
153 renamed to tuntap. You should update any kld_list="if_tap" or
154 kld_list="if_tun" entries in /etc/rc.conf, if_tap_load="YES" or
155 if_tun_load="YES" entries in /boot/loader.conf to load the if_tuntap
156 module instead, and "device tap" or "device tun" entries in kernel
157 config files to select the tuntap device instead.
160 ntpd no longer by default locks its pages in memory, allowing them
161 to be paged out by the kernel. Use rlimit memlock to restore
162 historic BSD behaviour. For example, add "rlimit memlock 32"
163 to ntp.conf to lock up to 32 MB of ntpd address space in memory.
166 The vfs.fusefs.sync_unmount and vfs.fusefs.init_backgrounded sysctls
167 and the "-o sync_unmount" and "-o init_backgrounded" mount options have
168 been removed from mount_fusefs(8). You can safely remove them from
169 your scripts, because they had no effect.
171 The vfs.fusefs.fix_broken_io, vfs.fusefs.sync_resize,
172 vfs.fusefs.refresh_size, vfs.fusefs.mmap_enable,
173 vfs.fusefs.reclaim_revoked, and vfs.fusefs.data_cache_invalidate
174 sysctls have been removed. If you felt the need to set any of them to
175 a non-default value, please tell asomers@FreeBSD.org why.
178 The fuse(4) module has been renamed to fusefs(4) for consistency with
179 other filesystems. You should update any kld_load="fuse" entries in
180 /etc/rc.conf, fuse_load="YES" entries in /boot/loader.conf, and
181 "options FUSE" enties in kernel config files.
184 Default permissions on the /var/account/acct file (and copies of it
185 rotated by periodic daily scripts) are changed from 0644 to 0640
186 because the file contains sensitive information that should not be
187 world-readable. If the /var/account directory must be created by
188 rc.d/accounting, the mode used is now 0750. Admins who use the
189 accounting feature are encouraged to change the mode of an existing
190 /var/account directory to 0750 or 0700.
193 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
194 been upgraded to 8.0.1. Please see the 20141231 entry below for
195 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
196 using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
199 Now Clang 8 has been merged (see the 20190412 entry below), the ifunc
200 functionality needed for the RETPOLINE option should work properly
201 again. The RETPOLINE option has been removed from BROKEN_OPTIONS.
204 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
205 8.0.0. Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
206 prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
210 The RETPOLINE option produces non-functional ifunc-using binaries
211 with Clang 7.0.1, and has been forced off (via BROKEN_OPTIONS).
212 Once Clang 8 is merged it may be enabled again.
215 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
216 7.0.1. Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
217 prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
221 geom_uzip(4) depends on the new module xz. If geom_uzip is statically
222 compiled into your custom kernel, add 'device xz' statement to the
226 Iflib is no longer unconditionally compiled into the kernel. Drivers
227 using iflib and statically compiled into the kernel, now require
228 the 'device iflib' config option. For the same drivers loaded as
229 modules on kernels not having 'device iflib', the iflib.ko module
230 is loaded automatically.
233 r342561 modifies the NFSv4 server so that it obeys vfs.nfsd.nfs_privport
234 in the same as it is applied to NFSv2 and 3. This implies that NFSv4
235 servers that have vfs.nfsd.nfs_privport set will only allow mounts
236 from clients using a reserved port#. Since both the FreeBSD and Linux
237 NFSv4 clients use reserved port#s by default, this should not affect
241 On amd64, arm64 and armv7 (architectures that install LLVM's ld.lld
242 linker as /usr/bin/ld) GNU ld is no longer installed as ld.bfd, as
243 it produces broken binaries when ifuncs are in use. Users needing
244 GNU ld should install the binutils port or package.
247 The set of CTM commands (ctm, ctm_smail, ctm_rmail, ctm_dequeue)
248 has been converted to a port (misc/ctm) and will be removed from
249 FreeBSD-13. A depreciation warning will be printed to stderr by
250 the ctm command, but the functionality will remain in base for all
254 The stable/12 branch has been created in subversion from head
258 Ports for the DRM modules have been simplified. Now, amd64 users should
259 just install the drm-kmod port. All others should install
262 Graphics hardware that's newer than about 2010 usually works with
263 drm-kmod. For hardware older than 2013, however, some users will need
264 to use drm-legacy-kmod if drm-kmod doesn't work for them. Hardware older
265 than 2008 usually only works in drm-legacy-kmod. The graphics team can
266 only commit to hardware made since 2013 due to the complexity of the
267 market and difficulty to test all the older cards effectively. If you
268 have hardware supported by drm-kmod, you are strongly encouraged to use
269 that as you will get better support.
271 Other than KPI chasing, drm-legacy-kmod will not be updated. As outlined
272 elsewhere, the drm and drm2 modules will be eliminated from the src base
273 soon (with a limited exception for arm). Please update to the package asap
274 and report any issues to x11@freebsd.org.
276 Generally, anybody using the drm*-kmod packages should add
277 WITHOUT_DRM_MODULE=t and WITHOUT_DRM2_MODULE=t to avoid nasty
278 cross-threading surprises, especially with automatic driver
279 loading from X11 startup. These will become the defaults in 13-current
283 The ixlv(4) driver has been renamed to iavf(4). As a consequence,
284 custom kernel and module loading configuration files must be updated
285 accordingly. Moreover, interfaces previous presented as ixlvN to the
286 system are now exposed as iavfN and network configuration files must
287 be adjusted as necessary.
290 OpenSSL has been updated to version 1.1.1. This update included
291 additional various API changes througout the base system. It is
292 important to rebuild third-party software after upgrading. The value
293 of __FreeBSD_version has been bumped accordingly.
296 The legacy DRM modules and drivers have now been added to the loader's
297 module blacklist, in favor of loading them with kld_list in rc.conf(5).
298 The module blacklist may be overridden with the loader.conf(5)
299 'module_blacklist' variable, but loading them via rc.conf(5) is strongly
303 The cam(4) based nda(4) driver will be used over nvd(4) by default on
304 powerpc64. You may set 'options NVME_USE_NVD=1' in your kernel conf or
305 loader tunable 'hw.nvme.use_nvd=1' if you wish to use the existing
306 driver. Make sure to edit /boot/etc/kboot.conf and fstab to use the
310 Reproducible build mode is now on by default, in preparation for
311 FreeBSD 12.0. This eliminates build metadata such as the user,
312 host, and time from the kernel (and uname), unless the working tree
313 corresponds to a modified checkout from a version control system.
314 The previous behavior can be obtained by setting the /etc/src.conf
315 knob WITHOUT_REPRODUCIBLE_BUILD.
318 The Yarrow CSPRNG has been removed from the kernel as it has not been
319 supported by its designers since at least 2003. Fortuna has been the
320 default since FreeBSD-11.
323 devctl freeze/thaw have gone into the tree, the rc scripts have been
324 updated to use them and devmatch has been changed. You should update
325 kernel, userland and rc scripts all at the same time.
328 The default interpreter has been switched from 4th to Lua.
329 LOADER_DEFAULT_INTERP, documented in build(7), will override the default
330 interpreter. If you have custom FORTH code you will need to set
331 LOADER_DEFAULT_INTERP=4th (valid values are 4th, lua or simp) in
332 src.conf for the build. This will create default hard links between
333 loader and loader_4th instead of loader and loader_lua, the new default.
334 If you are using UEFI it will create the proper hard link to loader.efi.
336 bhyve uses userboot.so. It remains 4th-only until some issues are solved
337 regarding coexisting with multiple versions of FreeBSD are resolved.
340 ls(1) now respects the COLORTERM environment variable used in other
341 systems and software to indicate that a colored terminal is both
342 supported and desired. If ls(1) is suddenly emitting colors, they may
343 be disabled again by either removing the unwanted COLORTERM from your
344 environment, or using `ls --color=never`. The ls(1) specific CLICOLOR
345 may not be observed in a future release.
348 The default pager for most commands has been changed to "less". To
349 restore the old behavior, set PAGER="more" and MANPAGER="more -s" in
353 The jedec_ts(4) driver has been removed. A superset of its functionality
354 is available in the jedec_dimm(4) driver, and the manpage for that
355 driver includes migration instructions. If you have "device jedec_ts"
356 in your kernel configuration file, it must be removed.
359 amd64/GENERIC now has EFI runtime services, EFIRT, enabled by default.
360 This should have no effect if the kernel is booted via BIOS/legacy boot.
361 EFIRT may be disabled via a loader tunable, efi.rt.disabled, if a system
362 has a buggy firmware that prevents a successful boot due to use of
366 Atmel AT91RM9200 and AT91SAM9, Cavium CNS 11xx and XScale
367 support has been removed from the tree. These ports were
368 obsolete and/or known to be broken for many years.
371 loader.efi has been augmented to participate more fully in the
372 UEFI boot manager protocol. loader.efi will now look at the
373 BootXXXX environment variable to determine if a specific kernel
374 or root partition was specified. XXXX is derived from BootCurrent.
375 efibootmgr(8) manages these standard UEFI variables.
378 zfsloader's functionality has now been folded into loader.
379 zfsloader is no longer necessary once you've updated your
380 boot blocks. For a transition period, we will install a
381 hardlink for zfsloader to loader to allow a smooth transition
382 until the boot blocks can be updated (hard link because old
383 zfs boot blocks don't understand symlinks).
386 ARM64 now have efifb support, if you want to have serial console
387 on your arm64 board when an screen is connected and the bootloader
388 setup a frambuffer for us to use, just add :
392 For Raspberry Pi 3 (RPI) users, this is needed even if you don't have
393 an screen connected as the firmware will setup a framebuffer are that
394 u-boot will expose as an EFI framebuffer.
397 New uid:gid added, ntpd:ntpd (123:123). Be sure to run mergemaster
398 or take steps to update /etc/passwd before doing installworld on
399 existing systems. Do not skip the "mergemaster -Fp" step before
400 installworld, as described in the update procedures near the bottom
401 of this document. Also, rc.d/ntpd now starts ntpd(8) as user ntpd
402 if the new mac_ntpd(4) policy is available, unless ntpd_flags or
403 the ntp config file contain options that change file/dir locations.
404 When such options (e.g., "statsdir" or "crypto") are used, ntpd can
405 still be run as non-root by setting ntpd_user=ntpd in rc.conf, after
406 taking steps to ensure that all required files/dirs are accessible
410 Big endian arm support has been removed.
413 The static environment setup in kernel configs is no longer mutually
414 exclusive with the loader(8) environment by default. In order to
415 restore the previous default behavior of disabling the loader(8)
416 environment if a static environment is present, you must specify
417 loader_env.disabled=1 in the static environment.
420 The ABI of syscalls used by management tools like sockstat and
421 netstat has been broken to allow 32-bit binaries to work on
422 64-bit kernels without modification. These programs will need
423 to match the kernel in order to function. External programs may
424 require minor modifications to accommodate a change of type in
425 structures from pointers to 64-bit virtual addresses.
428 On i386 and amd64 atomics are now inlined. Out of tree modules using
429 atomics will need to be rebuilt.
432 The '%I' format in the kern.corefile sysctl limits the number of
433 core files that a process can generate to the number stored in the
434 debug.ncores sysctl. The '%I' format is replaced by the single digit
435 index. Previously, if all indexes were taken the kernel would overwrite
436 only a core file with the highest index in a filename.
437 Currently the system will create a new core file if there is a free
438 index or if all slots are taken it will overwrite the oldest one.
441 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
442 6.0.1. Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
443 prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
447 r335753 introduced a new quoting method. However, etc/devd/devmatch.conf
448 needed to be changed to work with it. This change was made with r335763
449 and requires a mergemaster / etcupdate / etc to update the installed file.
452 r334930 changed the interface between the NFS modules, so they all
453 need to be rebuilt. r335018 did a __FreeBSD_version bump for this.
456 As of r334391 lld is the default amd64 system linker; it is installed
457 as /usr/bin/ld. Kernel build workarounds (see 20180510 entry) are no
461 The kernel / userland interface for devinfo changed, so you'll
462 need a new kernel and userland as a pair for it to work (rebuilding
463 lib/libdevinfo is all that's required). devinfo and devmatch will
464 not work, but everything else will when there's a mismatch.
467 The on-disk format for hwpmc callchain records has changed to include
468 threadid corresponding to a given record. This changes the field offsets
469 and thus requires that libpmcstat be rebuilt before using a kernel
473 The vxge(4) driver has been removed. This driver was introduced into
474 HEAD one week before the Exar left the Ethernet market and is not
475 known to be used. If you have device vxge in your kernel config file
479 The amd64 kernel now requires a ld that supports ifunc to produce a
480 working kernel, either lld or a newer binutils. lld is built by default
481 on amd64, and the 'buildkernel' target uses it automatically. However,
482 it is not the default linker, so building the kernel the traditional
483 way requires LD=ld.lld on the command line (or LD=/usr/local/bin/ld for
484 binutils port/package). lld will soon be default, and this requirement
487 NOTE: As of r334391 lld is the default system linker on amd64, and no
488 workaround is necessary.
491 The nxge(4) driver has been removed. This driver was for PCI-X 10g
492 cards made by s2io/Neterion. The company was aquired by Exar and
493 no longer sells or supports Ethernet products. If you have device
494 nxge in your kernel config file it must be removed.
497 The tz database (tzdb) has been updated to 2018e. This version more
498 correctly models time stamps in time zones with negative DST such as
499 Europe/Dublin (from 1971 on), Europe/Prague (1946/7), and
500 Africa/Windhoek (1994/2017). This does not affect the UT offsets, only
501 time zone abbreviations and the tm_isdst flag.
504 The ixgb(4) driver has been removed. This driver was for an early and
505 uncommon legacy PCI 10GbE for a single ASIC, Intel 82597EX. Intel
506 quickly shifted to the long lived ixgbe family. If you have device
507 ixgb in your kernel config file it must be removed.
510 The lmc(4) driver has been removed. This was a WAN interface
511 card that was already reportedly rare in 2003, and had an ambiguous
512 license. If you have device lmc in your kernel config file it must
516 Support for Arcnet networks has been removed. If you have device
517 arcnet or device cm in your kernel config file they must be
521 Support for FDDI networks has been removed. If you have device
522 fddi or device fpa in your kernel config file they must be
526 In addition to supporting RFC 3164 formatted messages, the
527 syslogd(8) service is now capable of parsing RFC 5424 formatted
528 log messages. The main benefit of using RFC 5424 is that clients
529 may now send log messages with timestamps containing year numbers,
530 microseconds and time zone offsets.
532 Similarly, the syslog(3) C library function has been altered to
533 send RFC 5424 formatted messages to the local system logging
534 daemon. On systems using syslogd(8), this change should have no
535 negative impact, as long as syslogd(8) and the C library are
536 updated at the same time. On systems using a different system
537 logging daemon, it may be necessary to make configuration
538 adjustments, depending on the software used.
540 When using syslog-ng, add the 'syslog-protocol' flag to local
541 input sources to enable parsing of RFC 5424 formatted messages:
544 unix-dgram("/var/run/log" flags(syslog-protocol));
547 When using rsyslog, disable the 'SysSock.UseSpecialParser' option
548 of the 'imuxsock' module to let messages be processed by the
549 regular RFC 3164/5424 parsing pipeline:
551 module(load="imuxsock" SysSock.UseSpecialParser="off")
553 Do note that these changes only affect communication between local
554 applications and syslogd(8). The format that syslogd(8) uses to
555 store messages on disk or forward messages to other systems
556 remains unchanged. syslogd(8) still uses RFC 3164 for these
557 purposes. Options to customize this behaviour will be added in the
558 future. Utilities that process log files stored in /var/log are
559 thus expected to continue to function as before.
561 __FreeBSD_version has been incremented to 1200061 to denote this
565 Support for token ring networks has been removed. If you
566 have "device token" in your kernel config you should remove
567 it. No device drivers supported token ring.
570 makefs was modified to be able to tag ISO9660 El Torito boot catalog
571 entries as EFI instead of overloading the i386 tag as done previously.
572 The amd64 mkisoimages.sh script used to build amd64 ISO images for
573 release was updated to use this. This may mean that makefs must be
574 updated before "make cdrom" can be run in the release directory. This
575 should be as simple as:
577 $ cd $SRCDIR/usr.sbin/makefs
578 $ make depend all install
581 FreeBSD boot loader enhanced with Lua scripting. It's purely opt-in for
582 now by building WITH_LOADER_LUA and WITHOUT_FORTH in /etc/src.conf.
583 Co-existance for the transition period will come shortly. Booting is a
584 complex environment and test coverage for Lua-enabled loaders has been
585 thin, so it would be prudent to assume it might not work and make
586 provisions for backup boot methods.
589 devmatch functionality has been turned on in devd. It will automatically
590 load drivers for unattached devices. This may cause unexpected drivers to
591 be loaded. Please report any problems to current@ and imp@freebsd.org.
594 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
595 6.0.0. Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
596 prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
600 LLVM's lld linker is now used as the FreeBSD/amd64 bootstrap linker.
601 This means it is used to link the kernel and userland libraries and
602 executables, but is not yet installed as /usr/bin/ld by default.
604 To revert to ld.bfd as the bootstrap linker, in /etc/src.conf set
605 WITHOUT_LLD_BOOTSTRAP=yes
608 On i386, pmtimer has been removed. Its functionality has been folded
609 into apm. It was a no-op on ACPI in current for a while now (but was still
610 needed on i386 in FreeBSD 11 and earlier). Users may need to remove it
611 from kernel config files.
614 The use of RSS hash from the network card aka flowid has been
615 disabled by default for lagg(4) as it's currently incompatible with
616 the lacp and loadbalance protocols.
618 This can be re-enabled by setting the following in loader.conf:
619 net.link.lagg.default_use_flowid="1"
622 The SW_WATCHDOG option is no longer necessary to enable the
623 hardclock-based software watchdog if no hardware watchdog is
624 configured. As before, SW_WATCHDOG will cause the software
625 watchdog to be enabled even if a hardware watchdog is configured.
628 r326887 fixes the issue described in the 20171214 UPDATING entry.
629 r326888 flips the switch back to building GELI support always.
632 r362593 broke ZFS + GELI support for reasons unknown. However,
633 it also broke ZFS support generally, so GELI has been turned off
634 by default as the lesser evil in r326857. If you boot off ZFS and/or
635 GELI, it might not be a good time to update.
638 PowerPC users must update loader(8) by rebuilding world before
639 installing a new kernel, as the protocol connecting them has
640 changed. Without the update, loader metadata will not be passed
641 successfully to the kernel and users will have to enter their
642 root partition at the kernel mountroot prompt to continue booting.
643 Newer versions of loader can boot old kernels without issue.
646 The LOADER_FIREWIRE_SUPPORT build variable as been renamed to
647 WITH/OUT_LOADER_FIREWIRE. LOADER_{NO_,}GELI_SUPPORT has been renamed
648 to WITH/OUT_LOADER_GELI.
651 The naive and non-compliant support of posix_fallocate(2) in ZFS
652 has been removed as of r325320. The system call now returns EINVAL
653 when used on a ZFS file. Although the new behavior complies with the
654 standard, some consumers are not prepared to cope with it.
655 One known victim is lld prior to r325420.
658 Building in a FreeBSD src checkout will automatically create object
659 directories now rather than store files in the current directory if
660 'make obj' was not ran. Calling 'make obj' is no longer necessary.
661 This feature can be disabled by setting WITHOUT_AUTO_OBJ=yes in
662 /etc/src-env.conf (not /etc/src.conf), or passing the option in the
666 The default MAKEOBJDIR has changed from /usr/obj/<srcdir> for native
667 builds, and /usr/obj/<arch>/<srcdir> for cross-builds, to a unified
668 /usr/obj/<srcdir>/<arch>. This behavior can be changed to the old
669 format by setting WITHOUT_UNIFIED_OBJDIR=yes in /etc/src-env.conf,
670 the environment, or with -DWITHOUT_UNIFIED_OBJDIR when building.
671 The UNIFIED_OBJDIR option is a transitional feature that will be
672 removed for 12.0 release; please migrate to the new format for any
673 tools by looking up the OBJDIR used by 'make -V .OBJDIR' means rather
674 than hardcoding paths.
677 The native-xtools target no longer installs the files by default to the
678 OBJDIR. Use the native-xtools-install target with a DESTDIR to install
679 to ${DESTDIR}/${NXTP} where NXTP defaults to /nxb-bin.
682 As part of the boot loader infrastructure cleanup, LOADER_*_SUPPORT
683 options are changing from controlling the build if defined / undefined
684 to controlling the build with explicit 'yes' or 'no' values. They will
685 shift to WITH/WITHOUT options to match other options in the system.
688 libstand has turned into a private library for sys/boot use only.
689 It is no longer supported as a public interface outside of sys/boot.
692 The arm port has split armv6 into armv6 and armv7. armv7 is now
693 a valid TARGET_ARCH/MACHINE_ARCH setting. If you have an armv7 system
694 and are running a kernel from before r324363, you will need to add
695 MACHINE_ARCH=armv7 to 'make buildworld' to do a native build.
698 When building multiple kernels using KERNCONF, non-existent KERNCONF
699 files will produce an error and buildkernel will fail. Previously
700 missing KERNCONF files silently failed giving no indication as to
701 why, only to subsequently discover during installkernel that the
702 desired kernel was never built in the first place.
705 The default serial number format for CTL LUNs has changed. This will
706 affect users who use /dev/diskid/* device nodes, or whose FibreChannel
707 or iSCSI clients care about their LUNs' serial numbers. Users who
708 require serial number stability should hardcode serial numbers in
712 For 32-bit arm compiled for hard-float support, soft-floating point
713 binaries now always get their shared libraries from
714 LD_SOFT_LIBRARY_PATH (in the past, this was only used if
715 /usr/libsoft also existed). Only users with a hard-float ld.so, but
716 soft-float everything else should be affected.
719 The geli password typed at boot is now hidden. To restore the previous
720 behavior, see geli(8) for configuration options.
723 Move PMTUD blackhole counters to TCPSTATS and remove them from bare
724 sysctl values. Minor nit, but requires a rebuild of both world/kernel
728 "make check" behavior (made in ^/head@r295380) has been changed to
729 execute from a limited sandbox, as opposed to executing from
733 - The "beforecheck" and "aftercheck" targets are now specified.
734 - ${CHECKDIR} (added in commit noted above) has been removed.
735 - Legacy behavior can be enabled by setting
736 WITHOUT_MAKE_CHECK_USE_SANDBOX in src.conf(5) or the environment.
738 If the limited sandbox mode is enabled, "make check" will execute
739 "make distribution", then install, execute the tests, and clean up the
740 sandbox if successful.
742 The "make distribution" and "make install" targets are typically run as
743 root to set appropriate permissions and ownership at installation time.
744 The end-user should set "WITH_INSTALL_AS_USER" in src.conf(5) or the
745 environment if executing "make check" with limited sandbox mode using
746 an unprivileged user.
749 Since the switch to GPT disk labels, fsck for UFS/FFS has been
750 unable to automatically find alternate superblocks. As of r322297,
751 the information needed to find alternate superblocks has been
752 moved to the end of the area reserved for the boot block.
753 Filesystems created with a newfs of this vintage or later
754 will create the recovery information. If you have a filesystem
755 created prior to this change and wish to have a recovery block
756 created for your filesystem, you can do so by running fsck in
757 foreground mode (i.e., do not use the -p or -y options). As it
758 starts, fsck will ask ``SAVE DATA TO FIND ALTERNATE SUPERBLOCKS''
759 to which you should answer yes.
762 As of r321665, an NFSv4 server configuration that services
763 Kerberos mounts or clients that do not support the uid/gid in
764 owner/owner_group string capability, must explicitly enable
765 the nfsuserd daemon by adding nfsuserd_enable="YES" to the
766 machine's /etc/rc.conf file.
769 Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 5.0.0.
770 Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
771 and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
774 WITHOUT_RCMDS is now the default. Set WITH_RCMDS if you need the
775 r-commands (rlogin, rsh, etc.) to be built with the base system.
778 The FreeBSD/powerpc platform now uses a 64-bit type for time_t. This is
779 a very major ABI incompatible change, so users of FreeBSD/powerpc must
780 be careful when performing source upgrades. It is best to run
781 'make installworld' from an alternate root system, either a live
782 CD/memory stick, or a temporary root partition. Additionally, all ports
783 must be recompiled. powerpc64 is largely unaffected, except in the case
784 of 32-bit compatibility. All 32-bit binaries will be affected.
787 Forward compatibility for the "ino64" project have been committed. This
788 will allow most new binaries to run on older kernels in a limited
789 fashion. This prevents many of the common foot-shooting actions in the
790 upgrade as well as the limited ability to roll back the kernel across
791 the ino64 upgrade. Complicated use cases may not work properly, though
792 enough simpler ones work to allow recovery in most situations.
795 Switch back to the BSDL dtc (Device Tree Compiler). Set WITH_GPL_DTC
796 if you require the GPL compiler.
799 The internal ABI used for communication between the NFS kernel modules
800 was changed by r320085, so __FreeBSD_version was bumped to
801 ensure all the NFS related modules are updated together.
804 The ABI of struct event was changed by extending the data
805 member to 64bit and adding ext fields. For upgrade, same
806 precautions as for the entry 20170523 "ino64" must be
810 The GNU roff toolchain has been removed from base. To render manpages
811 which are not supported by mandoc(1), man(1) can fallback on GNU roff
812 from ports (and recommends to install it).
813 To render roff(7) documents, consider using GNU roff from ports or the
814 heirloom doctools roff toolchain from ports via pkg install groff or
815 via pkg install heirloom-doctools.
818 The ath(4) and ath_hal(4) modules now build piecemeal to allow for
819 smaller runtime footprint builds. This is useful for embedded systems
820 which only require one chipset support.
822 If you load it as a module, make sure this is in /boot/loader.conf:
826 This will load the HAL, all chip/RF backends and if_ath_pci.
827 If you have if_ath_pci in /boot/loader.conf, ensure it is after
828 if_ath or it will not load any HAL chipset support.
830 If you want to selectively load things (eg on ye cheape ARM/MIPS
831 platforms where RAM is at a premium) you should:
834 * load the chip modules in question
835 * load ath_rate, ath_dfs
837 * load if_ath_pci and/or if_ath_ahb depending upon your particular
838 bus bind type - this is where probe/attach is done.
840 For further comments/feedback, poke adrian@ .
843 The "ino64" 64-bit inode project has been committed, which extends
844 a number of types to 64 bits. Upgrading in place requires care and
845 adherence to the documented upgrade procedure.
847 If using a custom kernel configuration ensure that the
848 COMPAT_FREEBSD11 option is included (as during the upgrade the
849 system will be running the ino64 kernel with the existing world).
851 For the safest in-place upgrade begin by removing previous build
852 artifacts via "rm -rf /usr/obj/*". Then, carefully follow the
853 full procedure documented below under the heading "To rebuild
854 everything and install it on the current system." Specifically,
855 a reboot is required after installing the new kernel before
859 The NATM framework including the en(4), fatm(4), hatm(4), and
860 patm(4) devices has been removed. Consumers should plan a
861 migration before the end-of-life date for FreeBSD 11.
864 GNU diff has been replaced by a BSD licensed diff. Some features of GNU
865 diff has not been implemented, if those are needed a newer version of
866 GNU diff is available via the diffutils package under the gdiff name.
869 As of r316810 for ipfilter, keep frags is no longer assumed when
870 keep state is specified in a rule. r316810 aligns ipfilter with
871 documentation in man pages separating keep frags from keep state.
872 This allows keep state to be specified without forcing keep frags
873 and allows keep frags to be specified independently of keep state.
874 To maintain previous behaviour, also specify keep frags with
875 keep state (as documented in ipf.conf.5).
878 arm64 builds now use the base system LLD 4.0.0 linker by default,
879 instead of requiring that the aarch64-binutils port or package be
880 installed. To continue using aarch64-binutils, set
881 CROSS_BINUTILS_PREFIX=/usr/local/aarch64-freebsd/bin .
884 The UDP optimization in entry 20160818 that added the sysctl
885 net.inet.udp.require_l2_bcast has been reverted. L2 broadcast
886 packets will no longer be treated as L3 broadcast packets.
889 Binds and sends to the loopback addresses, IPv6 and IPv4, will now
890 use any explicitly assigned loopback address available in the jail
891 instead of using the first assigned address of the jail.
894 The ctl.ko module no longer implements the iSCSI target frontend:
895 cfiscsi.ko does instead.
897 If building cfiscsi.ko as a kernel module, the module can be loaded
898 via one of the following methods:
899 - `cfiscsi_load="YES"` in loader.conf(5).
900 - Add `cfiscsi` to `$kld_list` in rc.conf(5).
901 - ctladm(8)/ctld(8), when compiled with iSCSI support
902 (`WITH_ISCSI=yes` in src.conf(5))
904 Please see cfiscsi(4) for more details.
907 The mmcsd.ko module now additionally depends on geom_flashmap.ko.
908 Also, mmc.ko and mmcsd.ko need to be a matching pair built from the
909 same source (previously, the dependency of mmcsd.ko on mmc.ko was
910 missing, but mmcsd.ko now will refuse to load if it is incompatible
914 The syntax of ipfw(8) named states was changed to avoid ambiguity.
915 If you have used named states in the firewall rules, you need to modify
916 them after installworld and before rebooting. Now named states must
917 be prefixed with colon.
920 The old drm (sys/dev/drm/) drivers for i915 and radeon have been
921 removed as the userland we provide cannot use them. The KMS version
922 (sys/dev/drm2) supports the same hardware.
925 Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 4.0.0.
926 Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
927 and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
930 The code that provides support for ZFS .zfs/ directory functionality
931 has been reimplemented. It's not possible now to create a snapshot
932 by mkdir under .zfs/snapshot/. That should be the only user visible
936 EISA bus support has been removed. The WITH_EISA option is no longer
940 MCA bus support has been removed.
943 The WITH_LLD_AS_LD / WITHOUT_LLD_AS_LD build knobs have been renamed
944 WITH_LLD_IS_LD / WITHOUT_LLD_IS_LD, for consistency with CLANG_IS_CC.
947 The EM_MULTIQUEUE kernel configuration option is deprecated now that
948 the em(4) driver conforms to iflib specifications.
951 The igb(4), em(4) and lem(4) ethernet drivers are now implemented via
952 IFLIB. If you have a custom kernel configuration that excludes em(4)
953 but you use igb(4), you need to re-add em(4) to your custom configuration.
956 Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.9.1.
957 Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
958 and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
961 Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.9.0.
962 Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
963 and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
966 The layout of the pmap structure has changed for powerpc to put the pmap
967 statistics at the front for all CPU variations. libkvm(3) and all tools
968 that link against it need to be recompiled.
971 isl(4) and cyapa(4) drivers now require a new driver,
972 chromebook_platform(4), to work properly on Chromebook-class hardware.
973 On other types of hardware the drivers may need to be configured using
974 device hints. Please see the corresponding manual pages for details.
977 The urtwn(4) driver was merged into rtwn(4) and now consists of
978 rtwn(4) main module + rtwn_usb(4) and rtwn_pci(4) bus-specific
980 Also, firmware for RTL8188CE was renamed due to possible name
981 conflict (rtwnrtl8192cU(B) -> rtwnrtl8192cE(B))
984 GNU rcs has been removed from base. It is available as packages:
985 - rcs: Latest GPLv3 GNU rcs version.
986 - rcs57: Copy of the latest version of GNU rcs (GPLv2) before it was
990 Use of the cc_cdg, cc_chd, cc_hd, or cc_vegas congestion control
991 modules now requires that the kernel configuration contain the
992 TCP_HHOOK option. (This option is included in the GENERIC kernel.)
995 The WITHOUT_ELFCOPY_AS_OBJCOPY src.conf(5) knob has been retired.
996 ELF Tool Chain's elfcopy is always installed as /usr/bin/objcopy.
999 Relocatable object files with the extension of .So have been renamed
1000 to use an extension of .pico instead. The purpose of this change is
1001 to avoid a name clash with shared libraries on case-insensitive file
1002 systems. On those file systems, foo.So is the same file as foo.so.
1005 GNU rcs has been turned off by default. It can (temporarily) be built
1006 again by adding WITH_RCS knob in src.conf.
1007 Otherwise, GNU rcs is available from packages:
1008 - rcs: Latest GPLv3 GNU rcs version.
1009 - rcs57: Copy of the latest version of GNU rcs (GPLv2) from base.
1012 The backup_uses_rcs functionality has been removed from rc.subr.
1015 The queue(3) debugging macro, QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG, has been split into
1016 two separate components, QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG_TRACE and
1017 QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG_TRASH. Define both for the original
1018 QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG behavior.
1021 r304787 changed some ioctl interfaces between the iSCSI userspace
1022 programs and the kernel. ctladm, ctld, iscsictl, and iscsid must be
1023 rebuilt to work with new kernels. __FreeBSD_version has been bumped
1027 The UDP receive code has been updated to only treat incoming UDP
1028 packets that were addressed to an L2 broadcast address as L3
1029 broadcast packets. It is not expected that this will affect any
1030 standards-conforming UDP application. The new behaviour can be
1031 disabled by setting the sysctl net.inet.udp.require_l2_bcast to
1035 Remove the openbsd_poll system call.
1036 __FreeBSD_version has been bumped because of this.
1039 The stable/11 branch has been created from head@r302406.
1042 The libc stub for the pipe(2) system call has been replaced with
1043 a wrapper that calls the pipe2(2) system call and the pipe(2)
1044 system call is now only implemented by the kernels that include
1045 "options COMPAT_FREEBSD10" in their config file (this is the
1046 default). Users should ensure that this option is enabled in
1047 their kernel or upgrade userspace to r302092 before upgrading their
1051 CAM will now strip leading spaces from SCSI disks' serial numbers.
1052 This will affect users who create UFS filesystems on SCSI disks using
1053 those disk's diskid device nodes. For example, if /etc/fstab
1054 previously contained a line like
1055 "/dev/diskid/DISK-%20%20%20%20%20%20%20ABCDEFG0123456", you should
1056 change it to "/dev/diskid/DISK-ABCDEFG0123456". Users of geom
1057 transforms like gmirror may also be affected. ZFS users should
1061 The bitstring(3) API has been updated with new functionality and
1062 improved performance. But it is binary-incompatible with the old API.
1063 Objects built with the new headers may not be linked against objects
1064 built with the old headers.
1067 The brk and sbrk functions have been removed from libc on arm64.
1068 Binutils from ports has been updated to not link to these
1069 functions and should be updated to the latest version before
1070 installing a new libc.
1073 The armv6 port now defaults to hard float ABI. Limited support
1074 for running both hardfloat and soft float on the same system
1075 is available using the libraries installed with -DWITH_LIBSOFT.
1076 This has only been tested as an upgrade path for installworld
1077 and packages may fail or need manual intervention to run. New
1078 packages will be needed.
1080 To update an existing self-hosted armv6hf system, you must add
1081 TARGET_ARCH=armv6 on the make command line for both the build
1082 and the install steps.
1085 Kernel modules compiled outside of a kernel build now default to
1086 installing to /boot/modules instead of /boot/kernel. Many kernel
1087 modules built this way (such as those in ports) already overrode
1088 KMODDIR explicitly to install into /boot/modules. However,
1089 manually building and installing a module from /sys/modules will
1090 now install to /boot/modules instead of /boot/kernel.
1093 The CAM I/O scheduler has been committed to the kernel. There should be
1094 no user visible impact. This does enable NCQ Trim on ada SSDs. While the
1095 list of known rogues that claim support for this but actually corrupt
1096 data is believed to be complete, be on the lookout for data
1097 corruption. The known rogue list is believed to be complete:
1099 o Crucial MX100, M550 drives with MU01 firmware.
1100 o Micron M510 and M550 drives with MU01 firmware.
1101 o Micron M500 prior to MU07 firmware
1102 o Samsung 830, 840, and 850 all firmwares
1103 o FCCT M500 all firmwares
1105 Crucial has firmware http://www.crucial.com/usa/en/support-ssd-firmware
1106 with working NCQ TRIM. For Micron branded drives, see your sales rep for
1107 updated firmware. Black listed drives will work correctly because these
1108 drives work correctly so long as no NCQ TRIMs are sent to them. Given
1109 this list is the same as found in Linux, it's believed there are no
1110 other rogues in the market place. All other models from the above
1113 To be safe, if you are at all concerned, you can quirk each of your
1114 drives to prevent NCQ from being sent by setting:
1115 kern.cam.ada.X.quirks="0x2"
1116 in loader.conf. If the drive requires the 4k sector quirk, set the
1117 quirks entry to 0x3.
1120 The FAST_DEPEND build option has been removed and its functionality is
1121 now the one true way. The old mkdep(1) style of 'make depend' has
1122 been removed. See 20160311 for further details.
1125 Resource range types have grown from unsigned long to uintmax_t. All
1126 drivers, and anything using libdevinfo, need to be recompiled.
1129 WITH_FAST_DEPEND is now enabled by default for in-tree and out-of-tree
1130 builds. It no longer runs mkdep(1) during 'make depend', and the
1131 'make depend' stage can safely be skipped now as it is auto ran
1132 when building 'make all' and will generate all SRCS and DPSRCS before
1133 building anything else. Dependencies are gathered at compile time with
1134 -MF flags kept in separate .depend files per object file. Users should
1135 run 'make cleandepend' once if using -DNO_CLEAN to clean out older
1136 stale .depend files.
1139 On amd64, clang 3.8.0 can now insert sections of type AMD64_UNWIND into
1140 kernel modules. Therefore, if you load any kernel modules at boot time,
1141 please install the boot loaders after you install the kernel, but before
1145 make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1146 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1147 make -C sys/boot install
1148 <reboot in single user>
1150 Then follow the usual steps, described in the General Notes section,
1154 Clang, llvm, lldb and compiler-rt have been upgraded to 3.8.0. Please
1155 see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites and
1156 upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1159 The AIO subsystem is now a standard part of the kernel. The
1160 VFS_AIO kernel option and aio.ko kernel module have been removed.
1161 Due to stability concerns, asynchronous I/O requests are only
1162 permitted on sockets and raw disks by default. To enable
1163 asynchronous I/O requests on all file types, set the
1164 vfs.aio.enable_unsafe sysctl to a non-zero value.
1167 The ELF object manipulation tool objcopy is now provided by the
1168 ELF Tool Chain project rather than by GNU binutils. It should be a
1169 drop-in replacement, with the addition of arm64 support. The
1170 (temporary) src.conf knob WITHOUT_ELFCOPY_AS_OBJCOPY knob may be set
1171 to obtain the GNU version if necessary.
1174 Building ZFS pools on top of zvols is prohibited by default. That
1175 feature has never worked safely; it's always been prone to deadlocks.
1176 Using a zvol as the backing store for a VM guest's virtual disk will
1177 still work, even if the guest is using ZFS. Legacy behavior can be
1178 restored by setting vfs.zfs.vol.recursive=1.
1181 The NONE and HPN patches has been removed from OpenSSH. They are
1182 still available in the security/openssh-portable port.
1185 With the addition of ypldap(8), a new _ypldap user is now required
1186 during installworld. "mergemaster -p" can be used to add the user
1187 prior to installworld, as documented in the handbook.
1190 The tftp loader (pxeboot) now uses the option root-path directive. As a
1191 consequence it no longer looks for a pxeboot.4th file on the tftp
1192 server. Instead it uses the regular /boot infrastructure as with the
1196 The code to start recording plug and play data into the modules has
1197 been committed. While the old tools will properly build a new kernel,
1198 a number of warnings about "unknown metadata record 4" will be produced
1199 for an older kldxref. To avoid such warnings, make sure to rebuild
1200 the kernel toolchain (or world). Make sure that you have r292078 or
1201 later when trying to build 292077 or later before rebuilding.
1204 Debug data files are now built by default with 'make buildworld' and
1205 installed with 'make installworld'. This facilitates debugging but
1206 requires more disk space both during the build and for the installed
1207 world. Debug files may be disabled by setting WITHOUT_DEBUG_FILES=yes
1211 r291527 changed the internal interface between the nfsd.ko and
1212 nfscommon.ko modules. As such, they must both be upgraded to-gether.
1213 __FreeBSD_version has been bumped because of this.
1216 Add support for unicode collation strings leads to a change of
1217 order of files listed by ls(1) for example. To get back to the old
1218 behaviour, set LC_COLLATE environment variable to "C".
1220 Databases administrators will need to reindex their databases given
1221 collation results will be different.
1223 Due to a bug in install(1) it is recommended to remove the ancient
1224 locales before running make installworld.
1226 rm -rf /usr/share/locale/*
1229 The OpenSSL has been upgraded to 1.0.2d. Any binaries requiring
1230 libcrypto.so.7 or libssl.so.7 must be recompiled.
1233 Qlogic 24xx/25xx firmware images were updated from 5.5.0 to 7.3.0.
1234 Kernel modules isp_2400_multi and isp_2500_multi were removed and
1235 should be replaced with isp_2400 and isp_2500 modules respectively.
1238 The build previously allowed using 'make -n' to not recurse into
1239 sub-directories while showing what commands would be executed, and
1240 'make -n -n' to recursively show commands. Now 'make -n' will recurse
1241 and 'make -N' will not.
1244 If you specify SENDMAIL_MC or SENDMAIL_CF in make.conf, mergemaster
1245 and etcupdate will now use this file. A custom sendmail.cf is now
1246 updated via this mechanism rather than via installworld. If you had
1247 excluded sendmail.cf in mergemaster.rc or etcupdate.conf, you may
1248 want to remove the exclusion or change it to "always install".
1249 /etc/mail/sendmail.cf is now managed the same way regardless of
1250 whether SENDMAIL_MC/SENDMAIL_CF is used. If you are not using
1251 SENDMAIL_MC/SENDMAIL_CF there should be no change in behavior.
1254 Compatibility shims for legacy ATA device names have been removed.
1255 It includes ATA_STATIC_ID kernel option, kern.cam.ada.legacy_aliases
1256 and kern.geom.raid.legacy_aliases loader tunables, kern.devalias.*
1257 environment variables, /dev/ad* and /dev/ar* symbolic links.
1260 Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.7.0.
1261 Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1262 and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1265 Kernel debug files have been moved to /usr/lib/debug/boot/kernel/,
1266 and renamed from .symbols to .debug. This reduces the size requirements
1267 on the boot partition or file system and provides consistency with
1268 userland debug files.
1270 When using the supported kernel installation method the
1271 /usr/lib/debug/boot/kernel directory will be renamed (to kernel.old)
1272 as is done with /boot/kernel.
1274 Developers wishing to maintain the historical behavior of installing
1275 debug files in /boot/kernel/ can set KERN_DEBUGDIR="" in src.conf(5).
1278 The wireless drivers had undergone changes that remove the 'parent
1279 interface' from the ifconfig -l output. The rc.d network scripts
1280 used to check presence of a parent interface in the list, so old
1281 scripts would fail to start wireless networking. Thus, etcupdate(3)
1282 or mergemaster(8) run is required after kernel update, to update your
1283 rc.d scripts in /etc.
1286 pf no longer supports 'scrub fragment crop' or 'scrub fragment drop-ovl'
1287 These configurations are now automatically interpreted as
1288 'scrub fragment reassemble'.
1291 Kernel-loadable modules for the random(4) device are back. To use
1292 them, the kernel must have
1295 options RANDOM_LOADABLE
1297 kldload(8) can then be used to load random_fortuna.ko
1298 or random_yarrow.ko. Please note that due to the indirect
1299 function calls that the loadable modules need to provide,
1300 the build-in variants will be slightly more efficient.
1302 The random(4) kernel option RANDOM_DUMMY has been retired due to
1303 unpopularity. It was not all that useful anyway.
1306 The WITHOUT_ELFTOOLCHAIN_TOOLS src.conf(5) knob has been retired.
1307 Control over building the ELF Tool Chain tools is now provided by
1308 the WITHOUT_TOOLCHAIN knob.
1311 The polarity of Pulse Per Second (PPS) capture events with the
1312 uart(4) driver has been corrected. Prior to this change the PPS
1313 "assert" event corresponded to the trailing edge of a positive PPS
1314 pulse and the "clear" event was the leading edge of the next pulse.
1316 As the width of a PPS pulse in a typical GPS receiver is on the
1317 order of 1 millisecond, most users will not notice any significant
1318 difference with this change.
1320 Anyone who has compensated for the historical polarity reversal by
1321 configuring a negative offset equal to the pulse width will need to
1322 remove that workaround.
1325 The default group assigned to /dev/dri entries has been changed
1326 from 'wheel' to 'video' with the id of '44'. If you want to have
1327 access to the dri devices please add yourself to the video group
1330 # pw groupmod video -m $USER
1333 The menu.rc and loader.rc files will now be replaced during
1334 upgrades. Please migrate local changes to menu.rc.local and
1335 loader.rc.local instead.
1338 GNU Binutils versions of addr2line, c++filt, nm, readelf, size,
1339 strings and strip have been removed. The src.conf(5) knob
1340 WITHOUT_ELFTOOLCHAIN_TOOLS no longer provides the binutils tools.
1343 As ZFS requires more kernel stack pages than is the default on some
1344 architectures e.g. i386, it now warns if KSTACK_PAGES is less than
1345 ZFS_MIN_KSTACK_PAGES (which is 4 at the time of writing).
1347 Please consider using 'options KSTACK_PAGES=X' where X is greater
1348 than or equal to ZFS_MIN_KSTACK_PAGES i.e. 4 in such configurations.
1351 sendmail has been updated to 8.15.2. Starting with FreeBSD 11.0
1352 and sendmail 8.15, sendmail uses uncompressed IPv6 addresses by
1353 default, i.e., they will not contain "::". For example, instead
1354 of ::1, it will be 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1. This permits a zero subnet
1355 to have a more specific match, such as different map entries for
1356 IPv6:0:0 vs IPv6:0. This change requires that configuration
1357 data (including maps, files, classes, custom ruleset, etc.) must
1358 use the same format, so make certain such configuration data is
1359 upgrading. As a very simple check search for patterns like
1360 'IPv6:[0-9a-fA-F:]*::' and 'IPv6::'. To return to the old
1361 behavior, set the m4 option confUSE_COMPRESSED_IPV6_ADDRESSES or
1362 the cf option UseCompressedIPv6Addresses.
1365 The default kernel entropy-processing algorithm is now
1366 Fortuna, replacing Yarrow.
1368 Assuming you have 'device random' in your kernel config
1369 file, the configurations allow a kernel option to override
1370 this default. You may choose *ONE* of:
1372 options RANDOM_YARROW # Legacy /dev/random algorithm.
1373 options RANDOM_DUMMY # Blocking-only driver.
1375 If you have neither, you get Fortuna. For most people,
1376 read no further, Fortuna will give a /dev/random that works
1377 like it always used to, and the difference will be irrelevant.
1379 If you remove 'device random', you get *NO* kernel-processed
1380 entropy at all. This may be acceptable to folks building
1381 embedded systems, but has complications. Carry on reading,
1382 and it is assumed you know what you need.
1384 *PLEASE* read random(4) and random(9) if you are in the
1385 habit of tweaking kernel configs, and/or if you are a member
1386 of the embedded community, wanting specific and not-usual
1387 behaviour from your security subsystems.
1389 NOTE!! If you use RANDOM_DUMMY and/or have no 'device
1390 random', you will NOT have a functioning /dev/random, and
1391 many cryptographic features will not work, including SSH.
1392 You may also find strange behaviour from the random(3) set
1393 of library functions, in particular sranddev(3), srandomdev(3)
1394 and arc4random(3). The reason for this is that the KERN_ARND
1395 sysctl only returns entropy if it thinks it has some to
1396 share, and with RANDOM_DUMMY or no 'device random' this
1400 An additional fix for the issue described in the 20150614 sendmail
1401 entry below has been committed in revision 284717.
1404 FreeBSD's old make (fmake) has been removed from the system. It is
1405 available as the devel/fmake port or via pkg install fmake.
1408 The fix for the issue described in the 20150614 sendmail entry
1409 below has been committed in revision 284436. The work
1410 around described in that entry is no longer needed unless the
1411 default setting is overridden by a confDH_PARAMETERS configuration
1412 setting of '5' or pointing to a 512 bit DH parameter file.
1415 ALLOW_DEPRECATED_ATF_TOOLS/ATFFILE support has been removed from
1416 atf.test.mk (included from bsd.test.mk). Please upgrade devel/atf
1417 and devel/kyua to version 0.20+ and adjust any calling code to work
1418 with Kyuafile and kyua.
1421 The import of openssl to address the FreeBSD-SA-15:10.openssl
1422 security advisory includes a change which rejects handshakes
1423 with DH parameters below 768 bits. sendmail releases prior
1424 to 8.15.2 (not yet released), defaulted to a 512 bit
1425 DH parameter setting for client connections. To work around
1426 this interoperability, sendmail can be configured to use a
1427 2048 bit DH parameter by:
1429 1. Edit /etc/mail/`hostname`.mc
1430 2. If a setting for confDH_PARAMETERS does not exist or
1431 exists and is set to a string beginning with '5',
1432 replace it with '2'.
1433 3. If a setting for confDH_PARAMETERS exists and is set to
1434 a file path, create a new file with:
1435 openssl dhparam -out /path/to/file 2048
1436 4. Rebuild the .cf file:
1437 cd /etc/mail/; make; make install
1438 5. Restart sendmail:
1439 cd /etc/mail/; make restart
1441 A sendmail patch is coming, at which time this file will be
1445 Generation of legacy formatted entries have been disabled by default
1446 in pwd_mkdb(8), as all base system consumers of the legacy formatted
1447 entries were converted to use the new format by default when the new,
1448 machine independent format have been added and supported since FreeBSD
1451 Please see the pwd_mkdb(8) manual page for further details.
1454 Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.6.1 release. Please see the
1455 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites and upgrading,
1456 if you are not already using 3.5.0 or higher.
1459 TI platform code switched to using vendor DTS files and this update
1460 may break existing systems running on Beaglebone, Beaglebone Black,
1463 - dtb files should be regenerated/reinstalled. Filenames are the
1464 same but content is different now
1465 - GPIO addressing was changed, now each GPIO bank (32 pins per bank)
1466 has its own /dev/gpiocX device, e.g. pin 121 on /dev/gpioc0 in old
1467 addressing scheme is now pin 25 on /dev/gpioc3.
1468 - Pandaboard: /etc/ttys should be updated, serial console device is
1469 now /dev/ttyu2, not /dev/ttyu0
1472 soelim(1) from gnu/usr.bin/groff has been replaced by usr.bin/soelim.
1473 If you need the GNU extension from groff soelim(1), install groff
1474 from package: pkg install groff, or via ports: textproc/groff.
1477 chmod, chflags, chown and chgrp now affect symlinks in -R mode as
1478 defined in symlink(7); previously symlinks were silently ignored.
1481 The const qualifier has been removed from iconv(3) to comply with
1482 POSIX. The ports tree is aware of this from r384038 onwards.
1485 Libraries specified by LIBADD in Makefiles must have a corresponding
1486 DPADD_<lib> variable to ensure correct dependencies. This is now
1487 enforced in src.libnames.mk.
1490 From legacy ata(4) driver was removed support for SATA controllers
1491 supported by more functional drivers ahci(4), siis(4) and mvs(4).
1492 Kernel modules ataahci and ataadaptec were removed completely,
1493 replaced by ahci and mvs modules respectively.
1496 Clang, llvm and lldb have been upgraded to 3.6.0 release. Please see
1497 the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites and
1498 upgrading, if you are not already using 3.5.0 or higher.
1501 The 32-bit PowerPC kernel has been changed to a position-independent
1502 executable. This can only be booted with a version of loader(8)
1503 newer than January 31, 2015, so make sure to update both world and
1504 kernel before rebooting.
1507 If you are running a -CURRENT kernel since r273872 (Oct 30th, 2014),
1508 but before r278950, the RNG was not seeded properly. Immediately
1509 upgrade the kernel to r278950 or later and regenerate any keys (e.g.
1510 ssh keys or openssl keys) that were generated w/ a kernel from that
1511 range. This does not affect programs that directly used /dev/random
1512 or /dev/urandom. All userland uses of arc4random(3) are affected.
1515 The autofs(4) ABI was changed in order to restore binary compatibility
1516 with 10.1-RELEASE. The automountd(8) daemon needs to be rebuilt to work
1517 with the new kernel.
1520 The powerpc64 kernel has been changed to a position-independent
1521 executable. This can only be booted with a new version of loader(8),
1522 so make sure to update both world and kernel before rebooting.
1525 Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.5.1 release. This is a bugfix
1526 only release, no new features have been added. Please see the 20141231
1527 entry below for information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you
1528 are not already using 3.5.0.
1531 ELF tools addr2line, elfcopy (strip), nm, size, and strings are now
1532 taken from the ELF Tool Chain project rather than GNU binutils. They
1533 should be drop-in replacements, with the addition of arm64 support.
1534 The WITHOUT_ELFTOOLCHAIN_TOOLS= knob may be used to obtain the
1535 binutils tools, if necessary. See 20150805 for updated information.
1538 The default Unbound configuration now enables remote control
1539 using a local socket. Users who have already enabled the
1540 local_unbound service should regenerate their configuration
1541 by running "service local_unbound setup" as root.
1544 The GNU texinfo and GNU info pages have been removed.
1545 To be able to view GNU info pages please install texinfo from ports.
1548 Clang, llvm and lldb have been upgraded to 3.5.0 release.
1550 As of this release, a prerequisite for building clang, llvm and lldb is
1551 a C++11 capable compiler and C++11 standard library. This means that to
1552 be able to successfully build the cross-tools stage of buildworld, with
1553 clang as the bootstrap compiler, your system compiler or cross compiler
1554 should either be clang 3.3 or later, or gcc 4.8 or later, and your
1555 system C++ library should be libc++, or libdstdc++ from gcc 4.8 or
1558 On any standard FreeBSD 10.x or 11.x installation, where clang and
1559 libc++ are on by default (that is, on x86 or arm), this should work out
1562 On 9.x installations where clang is enabled by default, e.g. on x86 and
1563 powerpc, libc++ will not be enabled by default, so libc++ should be
1564 built (with clang) and installed first. If both clang and libc++ are
1565 missing, build clang first, then use it to build libc++.
1567 On 8.x and earlier installations, upgrade to 9.x first, and then follow
1568 the instructions for 9.x above.
1570 Sparc64 and mips users are unaffected, as they still use gcc 4.2.1 by
1571 default, and do not build clang.
1573 Many embedded systems are resource constrained, and will not be able to
1574 build clang in a reasonable time, or in some cases at all. In those
1575 cases, cross building bootable systems on amd64 is a workaround.
1577 This new version of clang introduces a number of new warnings, of which
1578 the following are most likely to appear:
1582 This warns in two cases, for both C and C++:
1583 * When the code is trying to take the absolute value of an unsigned
1584 quantity, which is effectively a no-op, and almost never what was
1585 intended. The code should be fixed, if at all possible. If you are
1586 sure that the unsigned quantity can be safely cast to signed, without
1587 loss of information or undefined behavior, you can add an explicit
1588 cast, or disable the warning.
1590 * When the code is trying to take an absolute value, but the called
1591 abs() variant is for the wrong type, which can lead to truncation.
1592 If you want to disable the warning instead of fixing the code, please
1593 make sure that truncation will not occur, or it might lead to unwanted
1596 -Wtautological-undefined-compare and
1597 -Wundefined-bool-conversion
1599 These warn when C++ code is trying to compare 'this' against NULL, while
1600 'this' should never be NULL in well-defined C++ code. However, there is
1601 some legacy (pre C++11) code out there, which actively abuses this
1602 feature, which was less strictly defined in previous C++ versions.
1604 Squid and openjdk do this, for example. The warning can be turned off
1605 for C++98 and earlier, but compiling the code in C++11 mode might result
1606 in unexpected behavior; for example, the parts of the program that are
1607 unreachable could be optimized away.
1610 The old NFS client and server (kernel options NFSCLIENT, NFSSERVER)
1611 kernel sources have been removed. The .h files remain, since some
1612 utilities include them. This will need to be fixed later.
1613 If "mount -t oldnfs ..." is attempted, it will fail.
1614 If the "-o" option on mountd(8), nfsd(8) or nfsstat(1) is used,
1615 the utilities will report errors.
1618 The handling of LOCAL_LIB_DIRS has been altered to skip addition of
1619 directories to top level SUBDIR variable when their parent
1620 directory is included in LOCAL_DIRS. Users with build systems with
1621 such hierarchies and without SUBDIR entries in the parent
1622 directory Makefiles should add them or add the directories to
1626 faith(4) and faithd(8) have been removed from the base system. Faith
1627 has been obsolete for a very long time.
1630 vt(4), the new console driver, is enabled by default. It brings
1631 support for Unicode and double-width characters, as well as
1632 support for UEFI and integration with the KMS kernel video
1635 You may need to update your console settings in /etc/rc.conf,
1636 most probably the keymap. During boot, /etc/rc.d/syscons will
1637 indicate what you need to do.
1639 vt(4) still has issues and lacks some features compared to
1640 syscons(4). See the wiki for up-to-date information:
1641 https://wiki.freebsd.org/Newcons
1643 If you want to keep using syscons(4), you can do so by adding
1644 the following line to /boot/loader.conf:
1648 pjdfstest has been integrated into kyua as an opt-in test suite.
1649 Please see share/doc/pjdfstest/README for more details on how to
1653 gperf has been removed from the base system for architectures
1654 that use clang. Ports that require gperf will obtain it from the
1658 pjdfstest has been moved from tools/regression/pjdfstest to
1662 At svn r271982, The default linux compat kernel ABI has been adjusted
1663 to 2.6.18 in support of the linux-c6 compat ports infrastructure
1664 update. If you wish to continue using the linux-f10 compat ports,
1665 add compat.linux.osrelease=2.6.16 to your local sysctl.conf. Users are
1666 encouraged to update their linux-compat packages to linux-c6 during
1667 their next update cycle.
1670 The ofwfb driver, used to provide a graphics console on PowerPC when
1671 using vt(4), no longer allows mmap() of all physical memory. This
1672 will prevent Xorg on PowerPC with some ATI graphics cards from
1673 initializing properly unless x11-servers/xorg-server is updated to
1677 The xdev targets have been converted to using TARGET and
1678 TARGET_ARCH instead of XDEV and XDEV_ARCH.
1681 The default unbound configuration has been modified to address
1682 issues with reverse lookups on networks that use private
1683 address ranges. If you use the local_unbound service, run
1684 "service local_unbound setup" as root to regenerate your
1685 configuration, then "service local_unbound reload" to load the
1689 The GNU texinfo and GNU info pages are not built and installed
1690 anymore, WITH_INFO knob has been added to allow to built and install
1692 UPDATE: see 20150102 entry on texinfo's removal
1695 The GNU readline library is now an INTERNALLIB - that is, it is
1696 statically linked into consumers (GDB and variants) in the base
1697 system, and the shared library is no longer installed. The
1698 devel/readline port is available for third party software that
1702 The Itanium architecture (ia64) has been removed from the list of
1703 known architectures. This is the first step in the removal of the
1707 Commit r268115 has added NFSv4.1 server support, merged from
1708 projects/nfsv4.1-server. Since this includes changes to the
1709 internal interfaces between the NFS related modules, a full
1710 build of the kernel and modules will be necessary.
1711 __FreeBSD_version has been bumped.
1714 The WITHOUT_VT_SUPPORT kernel config knob has been renamed
1715 WITHOUT_VT. (The other _SUPPORT knobs have a consistent meaning
1716 which differs from the behaviour controlled by this knob.)
1719 Maximal length of the serial number in CTL was increased from 16 to
1720 64 chars, that breaks ABI. All CTL-related tools, such as ctladm
1721 and ctld, need to be rebuilt to work with a new kernel.
1724 The libatf-c and libatf-c++ major versions were downgraded to 0 and
1725 1 respectively to match the upstream numbers. They were out of
1726 sync because, when they were originally added to FreeBSD, the
1727 upstream versions were not respected. These libraries are private
1728 and not yet built by default, so renumbering them should be a
1729 non-issue. However, unclean source trees will yield broken test
1730 programs once the operator executes "make delete-old-libs" after a
1731 "make installworld".
1733 Additionally, the atf-sh binary was made private by moving it into
1734 /usr/libexec/. Already-built shell test programs will keep the
1735 path to the old binary so they will break after "make delete-old"
1738 If you are using WITH_TESTS=yes (not the default), wipe the object
1739 tree and rebuild from scratch to prevent spurious test failures.
1740 This is only needed once: the misnumbered libraries and misplaced
1741 binaries have been added to OptionalObsoleteFiles.inc so they will
1742 be removed during a clean upgrade.
1745 Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.4.1 release.
1748 We bogusly installed src.opts.mk in /usr/share/mk. This file should
1749 be removed to avoid issues in the future (and has been added to
1753 /etc/src.conf now affects only builds of the FreeBSD src tree. In the
1754 past, it affected all builds that used the bsd.*.mk files. The old
1755 behavior was a bug, but people may have relied upon it. To get this
1756 behavior back, you can .include /etc/src.conf from /etc/make.conf
1757 (which is still global and isn't changed). This also changes the
1758 behavior of incremental builds inside the tree of individual
1759 directories. Set MAKESYSPATH to ".../share/mk" to do that.
1760 Although this has survived make universe and some upgrade scenarios,
1761 other upgrade scenarios may have broken. At least one form of
1762 temporary breakage was fixed with MAKESYSPATH settings for buildworld
1763 as well... In cases where MAKESYSPATH isn't working with this
1764 setting, you'll need to set it to the full path to your tree.
1766 One side effect of all this cleaning up is that bsd.compiler.mk
1767 is no longer implicitly included by bsd.own.mk. If you wish to
1768 use COMPILER_TYPE, you must now explicitly include bsd.compiler.mk
1772 The lindev device has been removed since /dev/full has been made a
1773 standard device. __FreeBSD_version has been bumped.
1776 The knob WITHOUT_VI was added to the base system, which controls
1777 building ex(1), vi(1), etc. Older releases of FreeBSD required ex(1)
1778 in order to reorder files share/termcap and didn't build ex(1) as a
1779 build tool, so building/installing with WITH_VI is highly advised for
1780 build hosts for older releases.
1782 This issue has been fixed in stable/9 and stable/10 in r277022 and
1783 r276991, respectively.
1786 The YES_HESIOD knob has been removed. It has been obsolete for
1787 a decade. Please move to using WITH_HESIOD instead or your builds
1788 will silently lack HESIOD.
1791 The uart(4) driver has been changed with respect to its handling
1792 of the low-level console. Previously the uart(4) driver prevented
1793 any process from changing the baudrate or the CLOCAL and HUPCL
1794 control flags. By removing the restrictions, operators can make
1795 changes to the serial console port without having to reboot.
1796 However, when getty(8) is started on the serial device that is
1797 associated with the low-level console, a misconfigured terminal
1798 line in /etc/ttys will now have a real impact.
1799 Before upgrading the kernel, make sure that /etc/ttys has the
1800 serial console device configured as 3wire without baudrate to
1801 preserve the previous behaviour. E.g:
1802 ttyu0 "/usr/libexec/getty 3wire" vt100 on secure
1805 Support for libwrap (TCP wrappers) in rpcbind was disabled by default
1806 to improve performance. To re-enable it, if needed, run rpcbind
1807 with command line option -W.
1810 Switched back to the GPL dtc compiler due to updates in the upstream
1811 dts files not being supported by the BSDL dtc compiler. You will need
1812 to rebuild your kernel toolchain to pick up the new compiler. Core dumps
1813 may result while building dtb files during a kernel build if you fail
1814 to do so. Set WITHOUT_GPL_DTC if you require the BSDL compiler.
1817 Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.4 release.
1820 The nve(4) driver has been removed. Please use the nfe(4) driver
1821 for NVIDIA nForce MCP Ethernet adapters instead.
1824 An ABI incompatibility crept into the libc++ 3.4 import in r261283.
1825 This could cause certain C++ applications using shared libraries built
1826 against the previous version of libc++ to crash. The incompatibility
1827 has now been fixed, but any C++ applications or shared libraries built
1828 between r261283 and r261801 should be recompiled.
1831 OpenSSH will now ignore errors caused by kernel lacking of Capsicum
1832 capability mode support. Please note that enabling the feature in
1833 kernel is still highly recommended.
1836 OpenSSH is now built with sandbox support, and will use sandbox as
1837 the default privilege separation method. This requires Capsicum
1838 capability mode support in kernel.
1841 The libelf and libdwarf libraries have been updated to newer
1842 versions from upstream. Shared library version numbers for
1843 these two libraries were bumped. Any ports or binaries
1844 requiring these two libraries should be recompiled.
1845 __FreeBSD_version is bumped to 1100006.
1848 If a Makefile in a tests/ directory was auto-generating a Kyuafile
1849 instead of providing an explicit one, this would prevent such
1850 Makefile from providing its own Kyuafile in the future during
1851 NO_CLEAN builds. This has been fixed in the Makefiles but manual
1852 intervention is needed to clean an objdir if you use NO_CLEAN:
1853 # find /usr/obj -name Kyuafile | xargs rm -f
1856 The behavior of gss_pseudo_random() for the krb5 mechanism
1857 has changed, for applications requesting a longer random string
1858 than produced by the underlying enctype's pseudo-random() function.
1859 In particular, the random string produced from a session key of
1860 enctype aes256-cts-hmac-sha1-96 or aes256-cts-hmac-sha1-96 will
1861 be different at the 17th octet and later, after this change.
1862 The counter used in the PRF+ construction is now encoded as a
1863 big-endian integer in accordance with RFC 4402.
1864 __FreeBSD_version is bumped to 1100004.
1867 The WITHOUT_ATF build knob has been removed and its functionality
1868 has been subsumed into the more generic WITHOUT_TESTS. If you were
1869 using the former to disable the build of the ATF libraries, you
1870 should change your settings to use the latter.
1873 The default version of mtree is nmtree which is obtained from
1874 NetBSD. The output is generally the same, but may vary
1875 slightly. If you found you need identical output adding
1876 "-F freebsd9" to the command line should do the trick. For the
1877 time being, the old mtree is available as fmtree.
1880 libbsdyml has been renamed to libyaml and moved to /usr/lib/private.
1881 This will break ports-mgmt/pkg. Rebuild the port, or upgrade to pkg
1882 1.1.4_8 and verify bsdyml not linked in, before running "make
1884 # make -C /usr/ports/ports-mgmt/pkg build deinstall install clean
1886 # pkg install pkg; ldd /usr/local/sbin/pkg | grep bsdyml
1889 The stable/10 branch has been created in subversion from head
1896 Avoid using make -j when upgrading. While generally safe, there are
1897 sometimes problems using -j to upgrade. If your upgrade fails with
1898 -j, please try again without -j. From time to time in the past there
1899 have been problems using -j with buildworld and/or installworld. This
1900 is especially true when upgrading between "distant" versions (eg one
1901 that cross a major release boundary or several minor releases, or when
1902 several months have passed on the -current branch).
1904 Sometimes, obscure build problems are the result of environment
1905 poisoning. This can happen because the make utility reads its
1906 environment when searching for values for global variables. To run
1907 your build attempts in an "environmental clean room", prefix all make
1908 commands with 'env -i '. See the env(1) manual page for more details.
1910 When upgrading from one major version to another it is generally best to
1911 upgrade to the latest code in the currently installed branch first, then
1912 do an upgrade to the new branch. This is the best-tested upgrade path,
1913 and has the highest probability of being successful. Please try this
1914 approach if you encounter problems with a major version upgrade. Since
1915 the stable 4.x branch point, one has generally been able to upgrade from
1916 anywhere in the most recent stable branch to head / current (or even the
1917 last couple of stable branches). See the top of this file when there's
1920 When upgrading a live system, having a root shell around before
1921 installing anything can help undo problems. Not having a root shell
1922 around can lead to problems if pam has changed too much from your
1923 starting point to allow continued authentication after the upgrade.
1925 This file should be read as a log of events. When a later event changes
1926 information of a prior event, the prior event should not be deleted.
1927 Instead, a pointer to the entry with the new information should be
1928 placed in the old entry. Readers of this file should also sanity check
1929 older entries before relying on them blindly. Authors of new entries
1930 should write them with this in mind.
1934 When upgrading the boot ZFS pool to a new version, always follow
1937 1.) recompile and reinstall the ZFS boot loader and boot block
1938 (this is part of "make buildworld" and "make installworld")
1940 2.) update the ZFS boot block on your boot drive
1942 The following example updates the ZFS boot block on the first
1943 partition (freebsd-boot) of a GPT partitioned drive ada0:
1944 "gpart bootcode -p /boot/gptzfsboot -i 1 ada0"
1946 Non-boot pools do not need these updates.
1950 If you are updating from a prior version of FreeBSD (even one just
1951 a few days old), you should follow this procedure. It is the most
1952 failsafe as it uses a /usr/obj tree with a fresh mini-buildworld,
1954 make kernel-toolchain
1955 make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1956 make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1958 To test a kernel once
1959 ---------------------
1960 If you just want to boot a kernel once (because you are not sure
1961 if it works, or if you want to boot a known bad kernel to provide
1962 debugging information) run
1963 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE KODIR=/boot/testkernel
1964 nextboot -k testkernel
1966 To rebuild everything and install it on the current system.
1967 -----------------------------------------------------------
1968 # Note: sometimes if you are running current you gotta do more than
1969 # is listed here if you are upgrading from a really old current.
1971 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
1973 make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1974 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1976 <reboot in single user> [3]
1983 To cross-install current onto a separate partition
1984 --------------------------------------------------
1985 # In this approach we use a separate partition to hold
1986 # current's root, 'usr', and 'var' directories. A partition
1987 # holding "/", "/usr" and "/var" should be about 2GB in
1990 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
1993 make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1994 <maybe newfs current's root partition>
1995 <mount current's root partition on directory ${CURRENT_ROOT}>
1996 make installworld DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} -DDB_FROM_SRC
1997 make distribution DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} # if newfs'd
1998 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT}
1999 cp /etc/fstab ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab # if newfs'd
2000 <edit ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab to mount "/" from the correct partition>
2001 <reboot into current>
2002 <do a "native" rebuild/install as described in the previous section>
2003 <maybe install compatibility libraries from ports/misc/compat*>
2007 To upgrade in-place from stable to current
2008 ----------------------------------------------
2009 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
2011 make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE [8]
2012 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2014 <reboot in single user> [3]
2021 Make sure that you've read the UPDATING file to understand the
2022 tweaks to various things you need. At this point in the life
2023 cycle of current, things change often and you are on your own
2024 to cope. The defaults can also change, so please read ALL of
2025 the UPDATING entries.
2027 Also, if you are tracking -current, you must be subscribed to
2028 freebsd-current@freebsd.org. Make sure that before you update
2029 your sources that you have read and understood all the recent
2030 messages there. If in doubt, please track -stable which has
2031 much fewer pitfalls.
2033 [1] If you have third party modules, such as vmware, you
2034 should disable them at this point so they don't crash your
2037 [3] From the bootblocks, boot -s, and then do
2042 adjkerntz -i # if CMOS is wall time
2043 Also, when doing a major release upgrade, it is required that
2044 you boot into single user mode to do the installworld.
2046 [4] Note: This step is non-optional. Failure to do this step
2047 can result in a significant reduction in the functionality of the
2048 system. Attempting to do it by hand is not recommended and those
2049 that pursue this avenue should read this file carefully, as well
2050 as the archives of freebsd-current and freebsd-hackers mailing lists
2051 for potential gotchas. The -U option is also useful to consider.
2052 See mergemaster(8) for more information.
2054 [5] Usually this step is a no-op. However, from time to time
2055 you may need to do this if you get unknown user in the following
2056 step. It never hurts to do it all the time. You may need to
2057 install a new mergemaster (cd src/usr.sbin/mergemaster && make
2058 install) after the buildworld before this step if you last updated
2059 from current before 20130425 or from -stable before 20130430.
2061 [6] This only deletes old files and directories. Old libraries
2062 can be deleted by "make delete-old-libs", but you have to make
2063 sure that no program is using those libraries anymore.
2065 [8] The new kernel must be able to run existing binaries used by
2066 an installworld. When upgrading across major versions, the new
2067 kernel's configuration must include the correct COMPAT_FREEBSD<n>
2068 option for existing binaries (e.g. COMPAT_FREEBSD11 to run 11.x
2069 binaries). Failure to do so may leave you with a system that is
2070 hard to boot to recover. A GENERIC kernel will include suitable
2071 compatibility options to run binaries from older branches.
2073 Make sure that you merge any new devices from GENERIC since the
2074 last time you updated your kernel config file.
2076 [9] If CPUTYPE is defined in your /etc/make.conf, make sure to use the
2077 "?=" instead of the "=" assignment operator, so that buildworld can
2078 override the CPUTYPE if it needs to.
2080 MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX must be defined in an environment variable, and
2081 not on the command line, or in /etc/make.conf. buildworld will
2082 warn if it is improperly defined.
2085 This file contains a list, in reverse chronological order, of major
2086 breakages in tracking -current. It is not guaranteed to be a complete
2087 list of such breakages, and only contains entries since September 23, 2011.
2088 If you need to see UPDATING entries from before that date, you will need
2089 to fetch an UPDATING file from an older FreeBSD release.
2091 Copyright information:
2093 Copyright 1998-2009 M. Warner Losh. All Rights Reserved.
2095 Redistribution, publication, translation and use, with or without
2096 modification, in full or in part, in any form or format of this
2097 document are permitted without further permission from the author.
2099 THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED BY WARNER LOSH ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
2100 IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
2101 WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
2102 DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL WARNER LOSH BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT,
2103 INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
2104 (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
2105 SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
2106 HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT,
2107 STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING
2108 IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
2109 POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
2111 Contact Warner Losh if you have any questions about your use of