1 Updating Information for FreeBSD current users.
3 This file is maintained and copyrighted by M. Warner Losh <imp@freebsd.org>.
4 See end of file for further details. For commonly done items, please see the
5 COMMON ITEMS: section later in the file. These instructions assume that you
6 basically know what you are doing. If not, then please consult the FreeBSD
9 https://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/updating-src.html
11 Items affecting the ports and packages system can be found in
12 /usr/ports/UPDATING. Please read that file before running portupgrade.
14 NOTE: FreeBSD has switched from gcc to clang. If you have trouble bootstrapping
15 from older versions of FreeBSD, try WITHOUT_CLANG and WITH_GCC to bootstrap to
16 the tip of head, and then rebuild without this option. The bootstrap process
17 from older version of current across the gcc/clang cutover is a bit fragile.
19 20190806 p13 FreeBSD-EN-19:15.libunwind
20 FreeBSD-SA-19:18.bzip2
21 FreeBSD-SA-19:19.mldv2
22 FreeBSD-SA-19:20.bsnmp
23 FreeBSD-SA-19:21.bhyve
25 Fix incorrect exception handling. [EN-19:15.libunwind]
27 Fix multiple vulnerabilities in bzip2. [SA-19:18.bzip2]
29 Fix ICMPv6 / MLDv2 out-of-bounds memory access. [SA-19:19.mldv2]
31 Fix insufficient message length validation in bsnmp library.
34 Fix insufficient validation of guest-supplied data (e1000 device).
37 20190724 p12 FreeBSD-EN-19:13.mds
38 FreeBSD-SA-19:12.telnet
40 FreeBSD-SA-19:14.freebsd32
41 FreeBSD-SA-19:15.mqueuefs
42 FreeBSD-SA-19:16.bhyve
45 Fix panic from Intel CPU vulnerability mitigation. [EN-19:13.mds]
47 Fix multiple telnet client vulnerabilities. [SA-19:12.telnet]
49 Fix pts write-after-free. [SA-19:13.pts]
51 Fix kernel memory disclosure in freebsd32_ioctl. [SA-19:14.freebsd32]
53 Fix reference count overflow in mqueuefs. [SA-19:15.mqueuefs]
55 Fix byhve out-of-bounds read in XHCI device. [SA-19:16.bhyve]
57 Fix file descriptor reference count leak. [SA-19:17.fd]
59 20190702 p11 FreeBSD-EN-19:12.tzdata
60 FreeBSD-SA-19:09.iconv
62 FreeBSD-SA-19:11.cd_ioctl
64 Import tzdata 2019b. [EN-19:12.tzdata]
66 Fix iconv buffer overflow. [SA-19:09.iconv]
68 Fix kernel stack disclosure in UFS/FFS. [SA-19:10.ufs]
70 Fix privilege escalation in cd(4) driver. [SA-19:11.cd_ioctl]
72 20190514 p10 FreeBSD-EN-19:08.tzdata
73 FreeBSD-EN-19:09.xinstall
80 Import tzdata 2019a. [EN-19:08.tzdata]
82 Fix install with partially matching relative paths. [EN-19:09.xinstall]
84 Fix multiple vulnerabilities in hostapd/wpa_supplicant. [SA-19:03.wpa]
86 Fix authenticated denial of service in ntpd. [SA-19:04.ntp]
88 Fix IPv6 fragment reassembly in pf. [SA-19:05.pf]
90 Fix ICMP/ICMP6 packet filter bypass in pf. [SA-19:06.pf]
92 Add mitigations for Microarchitectural Data Sampling. [SA-19:07.mds]
95 20190205 p9 FreeBSD-SA-19:01.syscall
97 amd64: clear callee-preserved registers on syscall exit
100 20190109 p8 FreeBSD-EN-19:03.sqlite
101 FreeBSD-EN-19:04.tzdata
102 FreeBSD-EN-19:05.kqueue
104 Update sqlite3-3.20.0 --> sqlite3-3.26.0 (3260000) [EN-19:03.sqlite]
106 Import tzdata 2018h, 2018i [EN-19:04.tzdata]
108 Avoid unsynchronized updates to kn_status. [EN-19:05.kqueue]
111 20181219 p7 FreeBSD-SA-18:15.bootpd
112 FreeBSD-EN-18:16.ptrace
116 bootpd: validate hardware type [SA-18:15.bootpd]
118 Only clear a pending thread event if one is pending. [EN-18:16.ptrace]
120 Update the free page count when blacklisting pages. [EN-18:17.vm]
122 Resolve a hang in ZFS during vnode reclamation [EN-18:18.zfs]
125 20181204 p6 FreeBSD-SA-18:14.bhyve
127 Fix insufficient bounds checking in bhyve(8) device model.
130 20181127 p5 FreeBSD-SA-18:13.nfs
131 FreeBSD-EN-18:13.icmp
132 FreeBSD-EN-18:14.tzdata
133 FreeBSD-EN-18:15.loader
135 Fix multiple vulnerabilities in NFS server code. [SA-18:13.nfs]
137 Fix ICMP buffer underwrite. [EN-18:13.icmp]
139 Timezone database information update. [EN-18:14.tzdata]
141 Fix deferred kernel loading breaks loader password. [EN-18:15.loader]
143 20180927 p4 FreeBSD-EN-18:09.ip
144 FreeBSD-EN-18:10.syscall
145 FreeBSD-EN-18:11.listen
148 Fix regression in IPv6 fragment reassembly. [EN-18:09.ip]
150 Fix NULL pointer dereference in freebsd4_getfsstat. [EN-18:10.syscall]
152 Fix DoS in listen syscall over IPv6 socket. [EN-18:11.listen]
154 Fix small kernel memory disclosures. [EN-18:12.mem]
156 20180912 p3 FreeBSD-SA-18:12.elf
157 FreeBSD-EN-18:08.lazyfpu
159 Fix improper elf header parsing. [SA-18:12.elf]
161 Fix regression in Lazy FPU remediation. [EN-18:08.lazyfpu]
163 20180814 p2 FreeBSD-SA-18:08.tcp [revised]
164 FreeBSD-SA-18:09.l1tf
166 FreeBSD-SA-18:11.hostapd
168 Revise manual pages. [SA-18:08.tcp]
170 Fix L1 Terminal Fault (L1TF) kernel information disclosure.
173 Fix resource exhaustion in IP fragment reassembly. [SA-18:10.ip]
175 Fix unauthenticated EAPOL-Key decryption vulnerability.
178 20180806 p1 FreeBSD-SA-18:08.tcp
180 Fix resource exhaustion in TCP reassembly.
186 The tz database (tzdb) has been updated to 2018e. This version more
187 correctly models time stamps in time zones with negative DST such as
188 Europe/Dublin (from 1971 on), Europe/Prague (1946/7), and
189 Africa/Windhoek (1994/2017). This does not affect the UT offsets, only
190 time zone abbreviations and the tm_isdst flag.
193 The use of RSS hash from the network card aka flowid has been
194 disabled by default for lagg(4) as it's currently incompatible with
195 the lacp and loadbalance protocols.
197 This can be re-enabled by setting the following in loader.conf:
198 net.link.lagg.default_use_flowid="1"
201 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
202 6.0.0. Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
203 prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
207 The LOADER_FIREWIRE_SUPPORT build variable as been renamed to
208 WITH/OUT_LOADER_FIREWIRE. LOADER_{NO_,}GELI_SUPPORT has been renamed
209 to WITH/OUT_LOADER_GELI.
212 The geli password typed at boot is now hidden. To restore the previous
213 behavior, see geli(8) for configuration options.
215 The SW_WATCHDOG option is no longer necessary to enable the
216 hardclock-based software watchdog if no hardware watchdog is
217 configured. As before, SW_WATCHDOG will cause the software
218 watchdog to be enabled even if a hardware watchdog is configured.
221 lint(1) binaries and library are no longer built by default. To
222 enable building them, define WITH_LINT in src.conf. If you are using
223 a FreeBSD 12 or later system to build 11-stable, you may need to
224 install a lint(1) binary to use WITH_LINT.
227 When building multiple kernels using KERNCONF, non-existent KERNCONF
228 files will produce an error and buildkernel will fail. Previously
229 missing KERNCONF files silently failed giving no indication as to
230 why, only to subsequently discover during installkernel that the
231 desired kernel was never built in the first place.
234 Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 5.0.0.
235 Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
236 and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
239 Since the switch to GPT disk labels, fsck for UFS/FFS has been
240 unable to automatically find alternate superblocks. As of r322806,
241 the information needed to find alternate superblocks has been
242 moved to the end of the area reserved for the boot block.
243 Filesystems created with a newfs of this vintage or later
244 will create the recovery information. If you have a filesystem
245 created prior to this change and wish to have a recovery block
246 created for your filesystem, you can do so by running fsck in
247 forground mode (i.e., do not use the -p or -y options). As it
248 starts, fsck will ask ``SAVE DATA TO FIND ALTERNATE SUPERBLOCKS''
249 to which you should answer yes.
252 arm64 builds now use the base system LLD 4.0.0 linker by default,
253 instead of requiring that the aarch64-binutils port or package be
254 installed. To continue using aarch64-binutils, set
255 CROSS_BINUTILS_PREFIX=/usr/local/aarch64-freebsd/bin .
258 The ctl.ko module no longer implements the iSCSI target frontend:
259 cfiscsi.ko does instead.
261 If building cfiscsi.ko as a kernel module, the module can be loaded
262 via one of the following methods:
263 - `cfiscsi_load="YES"` in loader.conf(5).
264 - Add `cfiscsi` to `$kld_list` in rc.conf(5).
265 - ctladm(8)/ctld(8), when compiled with iSCSI support
266 (`WITH_ISCSI=yes` in src.conf(5))
268 Please see cfiscsi(4) for more details.
271 The mmcsd.ko module now additionally depends on geom_flashmap.ko.
272 Also, mmc.ko and mmcsd.ko need to be a matching pair built from the
273 same source (previously, the dependency of mmcsd.ko on mmc.ko was
274 missing, but mmcsd.ko now will refuse to load if it is incompatible
278 Binds and sends to the loopback addresses, IPv6 and IPv4, will now
279 use any explicitly assigned loopback address available in the jail
280 instead of using the first assigned address of the jail.
283 As of r316810 for ipfilter, keep frags is no longer assumed when
284 keep state is specified in a rule. r316810 aligns ipfilter with
285 documentation in man pages separating keep frags from keep state.
286 This allows keep state to specified without forcing keep frags
287 and allows keep frags to be specified independently of keep state.
288 To maintain previous behaviour, also specify keep frags with
289 keep state (as documented in ipf.conf.5).
292 Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 4.0.0.
293 Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
294 and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
297 The code that provides support for ZFS .zfs/ directory functionality
298 has been reimplemented. It's not possible now to create a snapshot
299 by mkdir under .zfs/snapshot/. That should be the only user visible
303 Many changes in the IPsec code have been merged from the FreeBSD-CURRENT
304 branch. The IPSEC_FILTERTUNNEL kernel option is removed in favour of
305 corresponding sysctl. The IPSEC_NAT_T kernel option is also removed,
306 and now NAT-T is supported by default. Security associations now use
307 the single namespace for SPI allocation, so if you use several manually
308 configured security associations with the same SPI, this configuration
312 Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.9.1.
313 Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
314 and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
317 Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.9.0.
318 Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
319 and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
322 The layout of the pmap structure has changed for powerpc to put the pmap
323 statistics at the front for all CPU variations. libkvm(3) and all tools
324 that link against it need to be recompiled.
327 isl(4) and cyapa(4) drivers now require a new driver,
328 chromebook_platform(4), to work properly on Chromebook-class hardware.
329 On other types of hardware the drivers may need to be configured using
330 device hints. Please see the corresponding manual pages for details.
333 Relocatable object files with the extension of .So have been renamed
334 to use an extension of .pico instead. The purpose of this change is
335 to avoid a name clash with shared libraries on case-insensitive file
336 systems. On those file systems, foo.So is the same file as foo.so.
339 The libc stub for the pipe(2) system call has been replaced with
340 a wrapper that calls the pipe2(2) system call and the pipe(2)
341 system call is now only implemented by the kernels that include
342 "options COMPAT_FREEBSD10" in their config file (this is the
343 default). Users should ensure that this option is enabled in
344 their kernel or upgrade userspace to r302092 before upgrading their
348 CAM will now strip leading spaces from SCSI disks' serial numbers.
349 This will effect users who create UFS filesystems on SCSI disks using
350 those disk's diskid device nodes. For example, if /etc/fstab
351 previously contained a line like
352 "/dev/diskid/DISK-%20%20%20%20%20%20%20ABCDEFG0123456", you should
353 change it to "/dev/diskid/DISK-ABCDEFG0123456". Users of geom
354 transforms like gmirror may also be affected. ZFS users should
358 The bitstring(3) API has been updated with new functionality and
359 improved performance. But it is binary-incompatible with the old API.
360 Objects built with the new headers may not be linked against objects
361 built with the old headers.
364 The brk and sbrk functions have been removed from libc on arm64.
365 Binutils from ports has been updated to not link to these
366 functions and should be updated to the latest version before
367 installing a new libc.
370 The armv6 port now defaults to hard float ABI. Limited support
371 for running both hardfloat and soft float on the same system
372 is available using the libraries installed with -DWITH_LIBSOFT.
373 This has only been tested as an upgrade path for installworld
374 and packages may fail or need manual intervention to run. New
375 packages will be needed.
377 To update an existing self-hosted armv6hf system, you must add
378 TARGET_ARCH=armv6 on the make command line for both the build
379 and the install steps.
382 Kernel modules compiled outside of a kernel build now default to
383 installing to /boot/modules instead of /boot/kernel. Many kernel
384 modules built this way (such as those in ports) already overrode
385 KMODDIR explicitly to install into /boot/modules. However,
386 manually building and installing a module from /sys/modules will
387 now install to /boot/modules instead of /boot/kernel.
390 The CAM I/O scheduler has been committed to the kernel. There should be
391 no user visible impact. This does enable NCQ Trim on ada SSDs. While the
392 list of known rogues that claim support for this but actually corrupt
393 data is believed to be complete, be on the lookout for data
394 corruption. The known rogue list is believed to be complete:
396 o Crucial MX100, M550 drives with MU01 firmware.
397 o Micron M510 and M550 drives with MU01 firmware.
398 o Micron M500 prior to MU07 firmware
399 o Samsung 830, 840, and 850 all firmwares
400 o FCCT M500 all firmwares
402 Crucial has firmware http://www.crucial.com/usa/en/support-ssd-firmware
403 with working NCQ TRIM. For Micron branded drives, see your sales rep for
404 updated firmware. Black listed drives will work correctly because these
405 drives work correctly so long as no NCQ TRIMs are sent to them. Given
406 this list is the same as found in Linux, it's believed there are no
407 other rogues in the market place. All other models from the above
410 To be safe, if you are at all concerned, you can quirk each of your
411 drives to prevent NCQ from being sent by setting:
412 kern.cam.ada.X.quirks="0x2"
413 in loader.conf. If the drive requires the 4k sector quirk, set the
417 The FAST_DEPEND build option has been removed and its functionality is
418 now the one true way. The old mkdep(1) style of 'make depend' has
419 been removed. See 20160311 for further details.
422 Resource range types have grown from unsigned long to uintmax_t. All
423 drivers, and anything using libdevinfo, need to be recompiled.
426 WITH_FAST_DEPEND is now enabled by default for in-tree and out-of-tree
427 builds. It no longer runs mkdep(1) during 'make depend', and the
428 'make depend' stage can safely be skipped now as it is auto ran
429 when building 'make all' and will generate all SRCS and DPSRCS before
430 building anything else. Dependencies are gathered at compile time with
431 -MF flags kept in separate .depend files per object file. Users should
432 run 'make cleandepend' once if using -DNO_CLEAN to clean out older
436 On amd64, clang 3.8.0 can now insert sections of type AMD64_UNWIND into
437 kernel modules. Therefore, if you load any kernel modules at boot time,
438 please install the boot loaders after you install the kernel, but before
442 make kernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
443 make -C sys/boot install
444 <reboot in single user>
446 Then follow the usual steps, described in the General Notes section,
450 Clang, llvm, lldb and compiler-rt have been upgraded to 3.8.0. Please
451 see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites and
452 upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
455 The AIO subsystem is now a standard part of the kernel. The
456 VFS_AIO kernel option and aio.ko kernel module have been removed.
457 Due to stability concerns, asynchronous I/O requests are only
458 permitted on sockets and raw disks by default. To enable
459 asynchronous I/O requests on all file types, set the
460 vfs.aio.enable_unsafe sysctl to a non-zero value.
463 The ELF object manipulation tool objcopy is now provided by the
464 ELF Tool Chain project rather than by GNU binutils. It should be a
465 drop-in replacement, with the addition of arm64 support. The
466 (temporary) src.conf knob WITHOUT_ELFCOPY_AS_OBJCOPY knob may be set
467 to obtain the GNU version if necessary.
470 Building ZFS pools on top of zvols is prohibited by default. That
471 feature has never worked safely; it's always been prone to deadlocks.
472 Using a zvol as the backing store for a VM guest's virtual disk will
473 still work, even if the guest is using ZFS. Legacy behavior can be
474 restored by setting vfs.zfs.vol.recursive=1.
477 The NONE and HPN patches has been removed from OpenSSH. They are
478 still available in the security/openssh-portable port.
481 With the addition of ypldap(8), a new _ypldap user is now required
482 during installworld. "mergemaster -p" can be used to add the user
483 prior to installworld, as documented in the handbook.
486 The tftp loader (pxeboot) now uses the option root-path directive. As a
487 consequence it no longer looks for a pxeboot.4th file on the tftp
488 server. Instead it uses the regular /boot infrastructure as with the
492 The code to start recording plug and play data into the modules has
493 been committed. While the old tools will properly build a new kernel,
494 a number of warnings about "unknown metadata record 4" will be produced
495 for an older kldxref. To avoid such warnings, make sure to rebuild
496 the kernel toolchain (or world). Make sure that you have r292078 or
497 later when trying to build 292077 or later before rebuilding.
500 Debug data files are now built by default with 'make buildworld' and
501 installed with 'make installworld'. This facilitates debugging but
502 requires more disk space both during the build and for the installed
503 world. Debug files may be disabled by setting WITHOUT_DEBUG_FILES=yes
507 r291527 changed the internal interface between the nfsd.ko and
508 nfscommon.ko modules. As such, they must both be upgraded to-gether.
509 __FreeBSD_version has been bumped because of this.
512 Add support for unicode collation strings leads to a change of
513 order of files listed by ls(1) for example. To get back to the old
514 behaviour, set LC_COLLATE environment variable to "C".
516 Databases administrators will need to reindex their databases given
517 collation results will be different.
519 Due to a bug in install(1) it is recommended to remove the ancient
520 locales before running make installworld.
522 rm -rf /usr/share/locale/*
525 The OpenSSL has been upgraded to 1.0.2d. Any binaries requiring
526 libcrypto.so.7 or libssl.so.7 must be recompiled.
529 Qlogic 24xx/25xx firmware images were updated from 5.5.0 to 7.3.0.
530 Kernel modules isp_2400_multi and isp_2500_multi were removed and
531 should be replaced with isp_2400 and isp_2500 modules respectively.
534 The build previously allowed using 'make -n' to not recurse into
535 sub-directories while showing what commands would be executed, and
536 'make -n -n' to recursively show commands. Now 'make -n' will recurse
537 and 'make -N' will not.
540 If you specify SENDMAIL_MC or SENDMAIL_CF in make.conf, mergemaster
541 and etcupdate will now use this file. A custom sendmail.cf is now
542 updated via this mechanism rather than via installworld. If you had
543 excluded sendmail.cf in mergemaster.rc or etcupdate.conf, you may
544 want to remove the exclusion or change it to "always install".
545 /etc/mail/sendmail.cf is now managed the same way regardless of
546 whether SENDMAIL_MC/SENDMAIL_CF is used. If you are not using
547 SENDMAIL_MC/SENDMAIL_CF there should be no change in behavior.
550 Compatibility shims for legacy ATA device names have been removed.
551 It includes ATA_STATIC_ID kernel option, kern.cam.ada.legacy_aliases
552 and kern.geom.raid.legacy_aliases loader tunables, kern.devalias.*
553 environment variables, /dev/ad* and /dev/ar* symbolic links.
556 Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.7.0.
557 Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
558 and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
561 Kernel debug files have been moved to /usr/lib/debug/boot/kernel/,
562 and renamed from .symbols to .debug. This reduces the size requirements
563 on the boot partition or file system and provides consistency with
564 userland debug files.
566 When using the supported kernel installation method the
567 /usr/lib/debug/boot/kernel directory will be renamed (to kernel.old)
568 as is done with /boot/kernel.
570 Developers wishing to maintain the historical behavior of installing
571 debug files in /boot/kernel/ can set KERN_DEBUGDIR="" in src.conf(5).
574 The wireless drivers had undergone changes that remove the 'parent
575 interface' from the ifconfig -l output. The rc.d network scripts
576 used to check presence of a parent interface in the list, so old
577 scripts would fail to start wireless networking. Thus, etcupdate(3)
578 or mergemaster(8) run is required after kernel update, to update your
579 rc.d scripts in /etc.
582 pf no longer supports 'scrub fragment crop' or 'scrub fragment drop-ovl'
583 These configurations are now automatically interpreted as
584 'scrub fragment reassemble'.
587 Kernel-loadable modules for the random(4) device are back. To use
588 them, the kernel must have
591 options RANDOM_LOADABLE
593 kldload(8) can then be used to load random_fortuna.ko
594 or random_yarrow.ko. Please note that due to the indirect
595 function calls that the loadable modules need to provide,
596 the build-in variants will be slightly more efficient.
598 The random(4) kernel option RANDOM_DUMMY has been retired due to
599 unpopularity. It was not all that useful anyway.
602 The WITHOUT_ELFTOOLCHAIN_TOOLS src.conf(5) knob has been retired.
603 Control over building the ELF Tool Chain tools is now provided by
604 the WITHOUT_TOOLCHAIN knob.
607 The polarity of Pulse Per Second (PPS) capture events with the
608 uart(4) driver has been corrected. Prior to this change the PPS
609 "assert" event corresponded to the trailing edge of a positive PPS
610 pulse and the "clear" event was the leading edge of the next pulse.
612 As the width of a PPS pulse in a typical GPS receiver is on the
613 order of 1 millisecond, most users will not notice any significant
614 difference with this change.
616 Anyone who has compensated for the historical polarity reversal by
617 configuring a negative offset equal to the pulse width will need to
618 remove that workaround.
621 The default group assigned to /dev/dri entries has been changed
622 from 'wheel' to 'video' with the id of '44'. If you want to have
623 access to the dri devices please add yourself to the video group
626 # pw groupmod video -m $USER
629 The menu.rc and loader.rc files will now be replaced during
630 upgrades. Please migrate local changes to menu.rc.local and
631 loader.rc.local instead.
634 GNU Binutils versions of addr2line, c++filt, nm, readelf, size,
635 strings and strip have been removed. The src.conf(5) knob
636 WITHOUT_ELFTOOLCHAIN_TOOLS no longer provides the binutils tools.
639 As ZFS requires more kernel stack pages than is the default on some
640 architectures e.g. i386, it now warns if KSTACK_PAGES is less than
641 ZFS_MIN_KSTACK_PAGES (which is 4 at the time of writing).
643 Please consider using 'options KSTACK_PAGES=X' where X is greater
644 than or equal to ZFS_MIN_KSTACK_PAGES i.e. 4 in such configurations.
647 sendmail has been updated to 8.15.2. Starting with FreeBSD 11.0
648 and sendmail 8.15, sendmail uses uncompressed IPv6 addresses by
649 default, i.e., they will not contain "::". For example, instead
650 of ::1, it will be 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1. This permits a zero subnet
651 to have a more specific match, such as different map entries for
652 IPv6:0:0 vs IPv6:0. This change requires that configuration
653 data (including maps, files, classes, custom ruleset, etc.) must
654 use the same format, so make certain such configuration data is
655 upgrading. As a very simple check search for patterns like
656 'IPv6:[0-9a-fA-F:]*::' and 'IPv6::'. To return to the old
657 behavior, set the m4 option confUSE_COMPRESSED_IPV6_ADDRESSES or
658 the cf option UseCompressedIPv6Addresses.
661 The default kernel entropy-processing algorithm is now
662 Fortuna, replacing Yarrow.
664 Assuming you have 'device random' in your kernel config
665 file, the configurations allow a kernel option to override
666 this default. You may choose *ONE* of:
668 options RANDOM_YARROW # Legacy /dev/random algorithm.
669 options RANDOM_DUMMY # Blocking-only driver.
671 If you have neither, you get Fortuna. For most people,
672 read no further, Fortuna will give a /dev/random that works
673 like it always used to, and the difference will be irrelevant.
675 If you remove 'device random', you get *NO* kernel-processed
676 entropy at all. This may be acceptable to folks building
677 embedded systems, but has complications. Carry on reading,
678 and it is assumed you know what you need.
680 *PLEASE* read random(4) and random(9) if you are in the
681 habit of tweaking kernel configs, and/or if you are a member
682 of the embedded community, wanting specific and not-usual
683 behaviour from your security subsystems.
685 NOTE!! If you use RANDOM_DUMMY and/or have no 'device
686 random', you will NOT have a functioning /dev/random, and
687 many cryptographic features will not work, including SSH.
688 You may also find strange behaviour from the random(3) set
689 of library functions, in particular sranddev(3), srandomdev(3)
690 and arc4random(3). The reason for this is that the KERN_ARND
691 sysctl only returns entropy if it thinks it has some to
692 share, and with RANDOM_DUMMY or no 'device random' this
696 An additional fix for the issue described in the 20150614 sendmail
697 entry below has been been committed in revision 284717.
700 FreeBSD's old make (fmake) has been removed from the system. It is
701 available as the devel/fmake port or via pkg install fmake.
704 The fix for the issue described in the 20150614 sendmail entry
705 below has been been committed in revision 284436. The work
706 around described in that entry is no longer needed unless the
707 default setting is overridden by a confDH_PARAMETERS configuration
708 setting of '5' or pointing to a 512 bit DH parameter file.
711 ALLOW_DEPRECATED_ATF_TOOLS/ATFFILE support has been removed from
712 atf.test.mk (included from bsd.test.mk). Please upgrade devel/atf
713 and devel/kyua to version 0.20+ and adjust any calling code to work
714 with Kyuafile and kyua.
717 The import of openssl to address the FreeBSD-SA-15:10.openssl
718 security advisory includes a change which rejects handshakes
719 with DH parameters below 768 bits. sendmail releases prior
720 to 8.15.2 (not yet released), defaulted to a 512 bit
721 DH parameter setting for client connections. To work around
722 this interoperability, sendmail can be configured to use a
723 2048 bit DH parameter by:
725 1. Edit /etc/mail/`hostname`.mc
726 2. If a setting for confDH_PARAMETERS does not exist or
727 exists and is set to a string beginning with '5',
729 3. If a setting for confDH_PARAMETERS exists and is set to
730 a file path, create a new file with:
731 openssl dhparam -out /path/to/file 2048
732 4. Rebuild the .cf file:
733 cd /etc/mail/; make; make install
735 cd /etc/mail/; make restart
737 A sendmail patch is coming, at which time this file will be
741 Generation of legacy formatted entries have been disabled by default
742 in pwd_mkdb(8), as all base system consumers of the legacy formatted
743 entries were converted to use the new format by default when the new,
744 machine independent format have been added and supported since FreeBSD
747 Please see the pwd_mkdb(8) manual page for further details.
750 Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.6.1 release. Please see the
751 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites and upgrading,
752 if you are not already using 3.5.0 or higher.
755 TI platform code switched to using vendor DTS files and this update
756 may break existing systems running on Beaglebone, Beaglebone Black,
759 - dtb files should be regenerated/reinstalled. Filenames are the
760 same but content is different now
761 - GPIO addressing was changed, now each GPIO bank (32 pins per bank)
762 has its own /dev/gpiocX device, e.g. pin 121 on /dev/gpioc0 in old
763 addressing scheme is now pin 25 on /dev/gpioc3.
764 - Pandaboard: /etc/ttys should be updated, serial console device is
765 now /dev/ttyu2, not /dev/ttyu0
768 soelim(1) from gnu/usr.bin/groff has been replaced by usr.bin/soelim.
769 If you need the GNU extension from groff soelim(1), install groff
770 from package: pkg install groff, or via ports: textproc/groff.
773 chmod, chflags, chown and chgrp now affect symlinks in -R mode as
774 defined in symlink(7); previously symlinks were silently ignored.
777 The const qualifier has been removed from iconv(3) to comply with
778 POSIX. The ports tree is aware of this from r384038 onwards.
781 Libraries specified by LIBADD in Makefiles must have a corresponding
782 DPADD_<lib> variable to ensure correct dependencies. This is now
783 enforced in src.libnames.mk.
786 From legacy ata(4) driver was removed support for SATA controllers
787 supported by more functional drivers ahci(4), siis(4) and mvs(4).
788 Kernel modules ataahci and ataadaptec were removed completely,
789 replaced by ahci and mvs modules respectively.
792 Clang, llvm and lldb have been upgraded to 3.6.0 release. Please see
793 the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites and
794 upgrading, if you are not already using 3.5.0 or higher.
797 The 32-bit PowerPC kernel has been changed to a position-independent
798 executable. This can only be booted with a version of loader(8)
799 newer than January 31, 2015, so make sure to update both world and
800 kernel before rebooting.
803 If you are running a -CURRENT kernel since r273872 (Oct 30th, 2014),
804 but before r278950, the RNG was not seeded properly. Immediately
805 upgrade the kernel to r278950 or later and regenerate any keys (e.g.
806 ssh keys or openssl keys) that were generated w/ a kernel from that
807 range. This does not affect programs that directly used /dev/random
808 or /dev/urandom. All userland uses of arc4random(3) are affected.
811 The autofs(4) ABI was changed in order to restore binary compatibility
812 with 10.1-RELEASE. The automountd(8) daemon needs to be rebuilt to work
816 The powerpc64 kernel has been changed to a position-independent
817 executable. This can only be booted with a new version of loader(8),
818 so make sure to update both world and kernel before rebooting.
821 Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.5.1 release. This is a bugfix
822 only release, no new features have been added. Please see the 20141231
823 entry below for information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you
824 are not already using 3.5.0.
827 ELF tools addr2line, elfcopy (strip), nm, size, and strings are now
828 taken from the ELF Tool Chain project rather than GNU binutils. They
829 should be drop-in replacements, with the addition of arm64 support.
830 The WITHOUT_ELFTOOLCHAIN_TOOLS= knob may be used to obtain the
831 binutils tools, if necessary. See 20150805 for updated information.
834 The default Unbound configuration now enables remote control
835 using a local socket. Users who have already enabled the
836 local_unbound service should regenerate their configuration
837 by running "service local_unbound setup" as root.
840 The GNU texinfo and GNU info pages have been removed.
841 To be able to view GNU info pages please install texinfo from ports.
844 Clang, llvm and lldb have been upgraded to 3.5.0 release.
846 As of this release, a prerequisite for building clang, llvm and lldb is
847 a C++11 capable compiler and C++11 standard library. This means that to
848 be able to successfully build the cross-tools stage of buildworld, with
849 clang as the bootstrap compiler, your system compiler or cross compiler
850 should either be clang 3.3 or later, or gcc 4.8 or later, and your
851 system C++ library should be libc++, or libdstdc++ from gcc 4.8 or
854 On any standard FreeBSD 10.x or 11.x installation, where clang and
855 libc++ are on by default (that is, on x86 or arm), this should work out
858 On 9.x installations where clang is enabled by default, e.g. on x86 and
859 powerpc, libc++ will not be enabled by default, so libc++ should be
860 built (with clang) and installed first. If both clang and libc++ are
861 missing, build clang first, then use it to build libc++.
863 On 8.x and earlier installations, upgrade to 9.x first, and then follow
864 the instructions for 9.x above.
866 Sparc64 and mips users are unaffected, as they still use gcc 4.2.1 by
867 default, and do not build clang.
869 Many embedded systems are resource constrained, and will not be able to
870 build clang in a reasonable time, or in some cases at all. In those
871 cases, cross building bootable systems on amd64 is a workaround.
873 This new version of clang introduces a number of new warnings, of which
874 the following are most likely to appear:
878 This warns in two cases, for both C and C++:
879 * When the code is trying to take the absolute value of an unsigned
880 quantity, which is effectively a no-op, and almost never what was
881 intended. The code should be fixed, if at all possible. If you are
882 sure that the unsigned quantity can be safely cast to signed, without
883 loss of information or undefined behavior, you can add an explicit
884 cast, or disable the warning.
886 * When the code is trying to take an absolute value, but the called
887 abs() variant is for the wrong type, which can lead to truncation.
888 If you want to disable the warning instead of fixing the code, please
889 make sure that truncation will not occur, or it might lead to unwanted
892 -Wtautological-undefined-compare and
893 -Wundefined-bool-conversion
895 These warn when C++ code is trying to compare 'this' against NULL, while
896 'this' should never be NULL in well-defined C++ code. However, there is
897 some legacy (pre C++11) code out there, which actively abuses this
898 feature, which was less strictly defined in previous C++ versions.
900 Squid and openjdk do this, for example. The warning can be turned off
901 for C++98 and earlier, but compiling the code in C++11 mode might result
902 in unexpected behavior; for example, the parts of the program that are
903 unreachable could be optimized away.
906 The old NFS client and server (kernel options NFSCLIENT, NFSSERVER)
907 kernel sources have been removed. The .h files remain, since some
908 utilities include them. This will need to be fixed later.
909 If "mount -t oldnfs ..." is attempted, it will fail.
910 If the "-o" option on mountd(8), nfsd(8) or nfsstat(1) is used,
911 the utilities will report errors.
914 The handling of LOCAL_LIB_DIRS has been altered to skip addition of
915 directories to top level SUBDIR variable when their parent
916 directory is included in LOCAL_DIRS. Users with build systems with
917 such hierarchies and without SUBDIR entries in the parent
918 directory Makefiles should add them or add the directories to
922 faith(4) and faithd(8) have been removed from the base system. Faith
923 has been obsolete for a very long time.
926 vt(4), the new console driver, is enabled by default. It brings
927 support for Unicode and double-width characters, as well as
928 support for UEFI and integration with the KMS kernel video
931 You may need to update your console settings in /etc/rc.conf,
932 most probably the keymap. During boot, /etc/rc.d/syscons will
933 indicate what you need to do.
935 vt(4) still has issues and lacks some features compared to
936 syscons(4). See the wiki for up-to-date information:
937 https://wiki.freebsd.org/Newcons
939 If you want to keep using syscons(4), you can do so by adding
940 the following line to /boot/loader.conf:
944 pjdfstest has been integrated into kyua as an opt-in test suite.
945 Please see share/doc/pjdfstest/README for more details on how to
949 gperf has been removed from the base system for architectures
950 that use clang. Ports that require gperf will obtain it from the
954 pjdfstest has been moved from tools/regression/pjdfstest to
958 At svn r271982, The default linux compat kernel ABI has been adjusted
959 to 2.6.18 in support of the linux-c6 compat ports infrastructure
960 update. If you wish to continue using the linux-f10 compat ports,
961 add compat.linux.osrelease=2.6.16 to your local sysctl.conf. Users are
962 encouraged to update their linux-compat packages to linux-c6 during
963 their next update cycle.
966 The ofwfb driver, used to provide a graphics console on PowerPC when
967 using vt(4), no longer allows mmap() of all physical memory. This
968 will prevent Xorg on PowerPC with some ATI graphics cards from
969 initializing properly unless x11-servers/xorg-server is updated to
973 The xdev targets have been converted to using TARGET and
974 TARGET_ARCH instead of XDEV and XDEV_ARCH.
977 The default unbound configuration has been modified to address
978 issues with reverse lookups on networks that use private
979 address ranges. If you use the local_unbound service, run
980 "service local_unbound setup" as root to regenerate your
981 configuration, then "service local_unbound reload" to load the
985 The GNU texinfo and GNU info pages are not built and installed
986 anymore, WITH_INFO knob has been added to allow to built and install
988 UPDATE: see 20150102 entry on texinfo's removal
991 The GNU readline library is now an INTERNALLIB - that is, it is
992 statically linked into consumers (GDB and variants) in the base
993 system, and the shared library is no longer installed. The
994 devel/readline port is available for third party software that
998 The Itanium architecture (ia64) has been removed from the list of
999 known architectures. This is the first step in the removal of the
1003 Commit r268115 has added NFSv4.1 server support, merged from
1004 projects/nfsv4.1-server. Since this includes changes to the
1005 internal interfaces between the NFS related modules, a full
1006 build of the kernel and modules will be necessary.
1007 __FreeBSD_version has been bumped.
1010 The WITHOUT_VT_SUPPORT kernel config knob has been renamed
1011 WITHOUT_VT. (The other _SUPPORT knobs have a consistent meaning
1012 which differs from the behaviour controlled by this knob.)
1015 Maximal length of the serial number in CTL was increased from 16 to
1016 64 chars, that breaks ABI. All CTL-related tools, such as ctladm
1017 and ctld, need to be rebuilt to work with a new kernel.
1020 The libatf-c and libatf-c++ major versions were downgraded to 0 and
1021 1 respectively to match the upstream numbers. They were out of
1022 sync because, when they were originally added to FreeBSD, the
1023 upstream versions were not respected. These libraries are private
1024 and not yet built by default, so renumbering them should be a
1025 non-issue. However, unclean source trees will yield broken test
1026 programs once the operator executes "make delete-old-libs" after a
1027 "make installworld".
1029 Additionally, the atf-sh binary was made private by moving it into
1030 /usr/libexec/. Already-built shell test programs will keep the
1031 path to the old binary so they will break after "make delete-old"
1034 If you are using WITH_TESTS=yes (not the default), wipe the object
1035 tree and rebuild from scratch to prevent spurious test failures.
1036 This is only needed once: the misnumbered libraries and misplaced
1037 binaries have been added to OptionalObsoleteFiles.inc so they will
1038 be removed during a clean upgrade.
1041 Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.4.1 release.
1044 We bogusly installed src.opts.mk in /usr/share/mk. This file should
1045 be removed to avoid issues in the future (and has been added to
1049 /etc/src.conf now affects only builds of the FreeBSD src tree. In the
1050 past, it affected all builds that used the bsd.*.mk files. The old
1051 behavior was a bug, but people may have relied upon it. To get this
1052 behavior back, you can .include /etc/src.conf from /etc/make.conf
1053 (which is still global and isn't changed). This also changes the
1054 behavior of incremental builds inside the tree of individual
1055 directories. Set MAKESYSPATH to ".../share/mk" to do that.
1056 Although this has survived make universe and some upgrade scenarios,
1057 other upgrade scenarios may have broken. At least one form of
1058 temporary breakage was fixed with MAKESYSPATH settings for buildworld
1059 as well... In cases where MAKESYSPATH isn't working with this
1060 setting, you'll need to set it to the full path to your tree.
1062 One side effect of all this cleaning up is that bsd.compiler.mk
1063 is no longer implicitly included by bsd.own.mk. If you wish to
1064 use COMPILER_TYPE, you must now explicitly include bsd.compiler.mk
1068 The lindev device has been removed since /dev/full has been made a
1069 standard device. __FreeBSD_version has been bumped.
1072 The knob WITHOUT_VI was added to the base system, which controls
1073 building ex(1), vi(1), etc. Older releases of FreeBSD required ex(1)
1074 in order to reorder files share/termcap and didn't build ex(1) as a
1075 build tool, so building/installing with WITH_VI is highly advised for
1076 build hosts for older releases.
1078 This issue has been fixed in stable/9 and stable/10 in r277022 and
1079 r276991, respectively.
1082 The YES_HESIOD knob has been removed. It has been obsolete for
1083 a decade. Please move to using WITH_HESIOD instead or your builds
1084 will silently lack HESIOD.
1087 The uart(4) driver has been changed with respect to its handling
1088 of the low-level console. Previously the uart(4) driver prevented
1089 any process from changing the baudrate or the CLOCAL and HUPCL
1090 control flags. By removing the restrictions, operators can make
1091 changes to the serial console port without having to reboot.
1092 However, when getty(8) is started on the serial device that is
1093 associated with the low-level console, a misconfigured terminal
1094 line in /etc/ttys will now have a real impact.
1095 Before upgrading the kernel, make sure that /etc/ttys has the
1096 serial console device configured as 3wire without baudrate to
1097 preserve the previous behaviour. E.g:
1098 ttyu0 "/usr/libexec/getty 3wire" vt100 on secure
1101 Support for libwrap (TCP wrappers) in rpcbind was disabled by default
1102 to improve performance. To re-enable it, if needed, run rpcbind
1103 with command line option -W.
1106 Switched back to the GPL dtc compiler due to updates in the upstream
1107 dts files not being supported by the BSDL dtc compiler. You will need
1108 to rebuild your kernel toolchain to pick up the new compiler. Core dumps
1109 may result while building dtb files during a kernel build if you fail
1110 to do so. Set WITHOUT_GPL_DTC if you require the BSDL compiler.
1113 Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.4 release.
1116 The nve(4) driver has been removed. Please use the nfe(4) driver
1117 for NVIDIA nForce MCP Ethernet adapters instead.
1120 An ABI incompatibility crept into the libc++ 3.4 import in r261283.
1121 This could cause certain C++ applications using shared libraries built
1122 against the previous version of libc++ to crash. The incompatibility
1123 has now been fixed, but any C++ applications or shared libraries built
1124 between r261283 and r261801 should be recompiled.
1127 OpenSSH will now ignore errors caused by kernel lacking of Capsicum
1128 capability mode support. Please note that enabling the feature in
1129 kernel is still highly recommended.
1132 OpenSSH is now built with sandbox support, and will use sandbox as
1133 the default privilege separation method. This requires Capsicum
1134 capability mode support in kernel.
1137 The libelf and libdwarf libraries have been updated to newer
1138 versions from upstream. Shared library version numbers for
1139 these two libraries were bumped. Any ports or binaries
1140 requiring these two libraries should be recompiled.
1141 __FreeBSD_version is bumped to 1100006.
1144 If a Makefile in a tests/ directory was auto-generating a Kyuafile
1145 instead of providing an explicit one, this would prevent such
1146 Makefile from providing its own Kyuafile in the future during
1147 NO_CLEAN builds. This has been fixed in the Makefiles but manual
1148 intervention is needed to clean an objdir if you use NO_CLEAN:
1149 # find /usr/obj -name Kyuafile | xargs rm -f
1152 The behavior of gss_pseudo_random() for the krb5 mechanism
1153 has changed, for applications requesting a longer random string
1154 than produced by the underlying enctype's pseudo-random() function.
1155 In particular, the random string produced from a session key of
1156 enctype aes256-cts-hmac-sha1-96 or aes256-cts-hmac-sha1-96 will
1157 be different at the 17th octet and later, after this change.
1158 The counter used in the PRF+ construction is now encoded as a
1159 big-endian integer in accordance with RFC 4402.
1160 __FreeBSD_version is bumped to 1100004.
1163 The WITHOUT_ATF build knob has been removed and its functionality
1164 has been subsumed into the more generic WITHOUT_TESTS. If you were
1165 using the former to disable the build of the ATF libraries, you
1166 should change your settings to use the latter.
1169 The default version of mtree is nmtree which is obtained from
1170 NetBSD. The output is generally the same, but may vary
1171 slightly. If you found you need identical output adding
1172 "-F freebsd9" to the command line should do the trick. For the
1173 time being, the old mtree is available as fmtree.
1176 libbsdyml has been renamed to libyaml and moved to /usr/lib/private.
1177 This will break ports-mgmt/pkg. Rebuild the port, or upgrade to pkg
1178 1.1.4_8 and verify bsdyml not linked in, before running "make
1180 # make -C /usr/ports/ports-mgmt/pkg build deinstall install clean
1182 # pkg install pkg; ldd /usr/local/sbin/pkg | grep bsdyml
1185 The stable/10 branch has been created in subversion from head
1189 The rc.d/jail script has been updated to support jail(8)
1190 configuration file. The "jail_<jname>_*" rc.conf(5) variables
1191 for per-jail configuration are automatically converted to
1192 /var/run/jail.<jname>.conf before the jail(8) utility is invoked.
1193 This is transparently backward compatible. See below about some
1194 incompatibilities and rc.conf(5) manual page for more details.
1196 These variables are now deprecated in favor of jail(8) configuration
1197 file. One can use "rc.d/jail config <jname>" command to generate
1198 a jail(8) configuration file in /var/run/jail.<jname>.conf without
1199 running the jail(8) utility. The default pathname of the
1200 configuration file is /etc/jail.conf and can be specified by
1201 using $jail_conf or $jail_<jname>_conf variables.
1203 Please note that jail_devfs_ruleset accepts an integer at
1204 this moment. Please consider to rewrite the ruleset name
1208 BIND has been removed from the base system. If all you need
1209 is a local resolver, simply enable and start the local_unbound
1210 service instead. Otherwise, several versions of BIND are
1211 available in the ports tree. The dns/bind99 port is one example.
1213 With this change, nslookup(1) and dig(1) are no longer in the base
1214 system. Users should instead use host(1) and drill(1) which are
1215 in the base system. Alternatively, nslookup and dig can
1216 be obtained by installing the dns/bind-tools port.
1219 With the addition of unbound(8), a new unbound user is now
1220 required during installworld. "mergemaster -p" can be used to
1221 add the user prior to installworld, as documented in the handbook.
1224 OpenSSH is now built with DNSSEC support, and will by default
1225 silently trust signed SSHFP records. This can be controlled with
1226 the VerifyHostKeyDNS client configuration setting. DNSSEC support
1227 can be disabled entirely with the WITHOUT_LDNS option in src.conf.
1230 The GNU Compiler Collection and C++ standard library (libstdc++)
1231 are no longer built by default on platforms where clang is the system
1232 compiler. You can enable them with the WITH_GCC and WITH_GNUCXX
1233 options in src.conf.
1236 The PROCDESC kernel option is now part of the GENERIC kernel
1237 configuration and is required for the rwhod(8) to work.
1238 If you are using custom kernel configuration, you should include
1242 The API and ABI related to the Capsicum framework was modified
1243 in backward incompatible way. The userland libraries and programs
1244 have to be recompiled to work with the new kernel. This includes the
1245 following libraries and programs, but the whole buildworld is
1246 advised: libc, libprocstat, dhclient, tcpdump, hastd, hastctl,
1247 kdump, procstat, rwho, rwhod, uniq.
1250 AES-NI intrinsic support has been added to gcc. The AES-NI module
1251 has been updated to use this support. A new gcc is required to build
1252 the aesni module on both i386 and amd64.
1255 The PADLOCK_RNG and RDRAND_RNG kernel options are now devices.
1256 Thus "device padlock_rng" and "device rdrand_rng" should be
1257 used instead of "options PADLOCK_RNG" & "options RDRAND_RNG".
1260 WITH_ICONV has been split into two feature sets. WITH_ICONV now
1261 enables just the iconv* functionality and is now on by default.
1262 WITH_LIBICONV_COMPAT enables the libiconv api and link time
1263 compatibility. Set WITHOUT_ICONV to build the old way.
1264 If you have been using WITH_ICONV before, you will very likely
1265 need to turn on WITH_LIBICONV_COMPAT.
1268 INVARIANTS option now enables DEBUG for code with OpenSolaris and
1269 Illumos origin, including ZFS. If you have INVARIANTS in your
1270 kernel configuration, then there is no need to set DEBUG or ZFS_DEBUG
1272 DEBUG used to enable witness(9) tracking of OpenSolaris (mostly ZFS)
1273 locks if WITNESS option was set. Because that generated a lot of
1274 witness(9) reports and all of them were believed to be false
1275 positives, this is no longer done. New option OPENSOLARIS_WITNESS
1276 can be used to achieve the previous behavior.
1279 Timer values in IPv6 data structures now use time_uptime instead
1280 of time_second. Although this is not a user-visible functional
1281 change, userland utilities which directly use them---ndp(8),
1282 rtadvd(8), and rtsold(8) in the base system---need to be updated
1283 to r253970 or later.
1286 find -delete can now delete the pathnames given as arguments,
1287 instead of only files found below them or if the pathname did
1288 not contain any slashes. Formerly, the following error message
1291 find: -delete: <path>: relative path potentially not safe
1293 Deleting the pathnames given as arguments can be prevented
1294 without error messages using -mindepth 1 or by changing
1295 directory and passing "." as argument to find. This works in the
1296 old as well as the new version of find.
1299 Behavior of devfs rules path matching has been changed.
1300 Pattern is now always matched against fully qualified devfs
1301 path and slash characters must be explicitly matched by
1302 slashes in pattern (FNM_PATHNAME). Rulesets involving devfs
1303 subdirectories must be reviewed.
1306 The default ARM ABI has changed to the ARM EABI. The old ABI is
1307 incompatible with the ARM EABI and all programs and modules will
1308 need to be rebuilt to work with a new kernel.
1310 To keep using the old ABI ensure the WITHOUT_ARM_EABI knob is set.
1312 NOTE: Support for the old ABI will be removed in the future and
1313 users are advised to upgrade.
1316 pkg_install has been disconnected from the build if you really need it
1317 you should add WITH_PKGTOOLS in your src.conf(5).
1320 Most of network statistics structures were changed to be able
1321 keep 64-bits counters. Thus all tools, that work with networking
1322 statistics, must be rebuilt (netstat(1), bsnmpd(1), etc.)
1325 Fix a bug that allowed a tracing process (e.g. gdb) to write
1326 to a memory-mapped file in the traced process's address space
1327 even if neither the traced process nor the tracing process had
1328 write access to that file.
1331 CVS has been removed from the base system. An exact copy
1332 of the code is available from the devel/cvs port.
1335 Some people report the following error after the switch to bmake:
1337 make: illegal option -- J
1338 usage: make [-BPSXeiknpqrstv] [-C directory] [-D variable]
1340 *** [buildworld] Error code 2
1342 this likely due to an old instance of make in
1343 ${MAKEPATH} (${MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX}${.CURDIR}/make.${MACHINE})
1344 which src/Makefile will use that blindly, if it exists, so if
1345 you see the above error:
1347 rm -rf `make -V MAKEPATH`
1352 Use bmake by default.
1353 Whereas before one could choose to build with bmake via
1354 -DWITH_BMAKE one must now use -DWITHOUT_BMAKE to use the old
1355 make. The goal is to remove these knobs for 10-RELEASE.
1357 It is worth noting that bmake (like gmake) treats the command
1358 line as the unit of failure, rather than statements within the
1359 command line. Thus '(cd some/where && dosomething)' is safer
1360 than 'cd some/where; dosomething'. The '()' allows consistent
1361 behavior in parallel build.
1364 Fix a bug that allows NFS clients to issue READDIR on files.
1367 The WITHOUT_IDEA option has been removed because
1368 the IDEA patent expired.
1371 The sysctl which controls TRIM support under ZFS has been renamed
1372 from vfs.zfs.trim_disable -> vfs.zfs.trim.enabled and has been
1376 The mergemaster command now uses the default MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX
1377 rather than creating it's own in the temporary directory in
1378 order allow access to bootstrapped versions of tools such as
1379 install and mtree. When upgrading from version of FreeBSD where
1380 the install command does not support -l, you will need to
1381 install a new mergemaster command if mergemaster -p is required.
1382 This can be accomplished with the command (cd src/usr.sbin/mergemaster
1386 Legacy ATA stack, disabled and replaced by new CAM-based one since
1387 FreeBSD 9.0, completely removed from the sources. Kernel modules
1388 atadisk and atapi*, user-level tools atacontrol and burncd are
1389 removed. Kernel option `options ATA_CAM` is now permanently enabled
1393 SOCK_CLOEXEC and SOCK_NONBLOCK flags have been added to socket(2)
1394 and socketpair(2). Software, in particular Kerberos, may
1395 automatically detect and use these during building. The resulting
1396 binaries will not work on older kernels.
1399 CTL_DISABLE has also been added to the sparc64 GENERIC (for further
1400 information, see the respective 20130304 entry).
1403 Recent commits to callout(9) changed the size of struct callout,
1404 so the KBI is probably heavily disturbed. Also, some functions
1405 in callout(9)/sleep(9)/sleepqueue(9)/condvar(9) KPIs were replaced
1406 by macros. Every kernel module using it won't load, so rebuild
1409 The ctl device has been re-enabled in GENERIC for i386 and amd64,
1410 but does not initialize by default (because of the new CTL_DISABLE
1411 option) to save memory. To re-enable it, remove the CTL_DISABLE
1412 option from the kernel config file or set kern.cam.ctl.disable=0
1413 in /boot/loader.conf.
1416 The ctl device has been disabled in GENERIC for i386 and amd64.
1417 This was done due to the extra memory being allocated at system
1418 initialisation time by the ctl driver which was only used if
1419 a CAM target device was created. This makes a FreeBSD system
1420 unusable on 128MB or less of RAM.
1423 A new compression method (lz4) has been merged to -HEAD. Please
1424 refer to zpool-features(7) for more information.
1426 Please refer to the "ZFS notes" section of this file for information
1427 on upgrading boot ZFS pools.
1430 A BSD-licensed patch(1) variant has been added and is installed
1431 as bsdpatch, being the GNU version the default patch.
1432 To inverse the logic and use the BSD-licensed one as default,
1433 while having the GNU version installed as gnupatch, rebuild
1434 and install world with the WITH_BSD_PATCH knob set.
1437 Due to the use of the new -l option to install(1) during build
1438 and install, you must take care not to directly set the INSTALL
1439 make variable in your /etc/make.conf, /etc/src.conf, or on the
1440 command line. If you wish to use the -C flag for all installs
1441 you may be able to add INSTALL+=-C to /etc/make.conf or
1445 The install(1) option -M has changed meaning and now takes an
1446 argument that is a file or path to append logs to. In the
1447 unlikely event that -M was the last option on the command line
1448 and the command line contained at least two files and a target
1449 directory the first file will have logs appended to it. The -M
1450 option served little practical purpose in the last decade so its
1451 use is expected to be extremely rare.
1454 After switching to Clang as the default compiler some users of ZFS
1455 on i386 systems started to experience stack overflow kernel panics.
1456 Please consider using 'options KSTACK_PAGES=4' in such configurations.
1459 GEOM_LABEL now mangles label names read from file system metadata.
1460 Mangling affect labels containing spaces, non-printable characters,
1461 '%' or '"'. Device names in /etc/fstab and other places may need to
1465 By default, only the 10 most recent kernel dumps will be saved. To
1466 restore the previous behaviour (no limit on the number of kernel dumps
1467 stored in the dump directory) add the following line to /etc/rc.conf:
1472 With the addition of auditdistd(8), a new auditdistd user is now
1473 required during installworld. "mergemaster -p" can be used to
1474 add the user prior to installworld, as documented in the handbook.
1477 The sin6_scope_id member variable in struct sockaddr_in6 is now
1478 filled by the kernel before passing the structure to the userland via
1479 sysctl or routing socket. This means the KAME-specific embedded scope
1480 id in sin6_addr.s6_addr[2] is always cleared in userland application.
1481 This behavior can be controlled by net.inet6.ip6.deembed_scopeid.
1482 __FreeBSD_version is bumped to 1000025.
1485 On i386 and amd64 systems WITH_CLANG_IS_CC is now the default.
1486 This means that the world and kernel will be compiled with clang
1487 and that clang will be installed as /usr/bin/cc, /usr/bin/c++,
1488 and /usr/bin/cpp. To disable this behavior and revert to building
1489 with gcc, compile with WITHOUT_CLANG_IS_CC. Really old versions
1490 of current may need to bootstrap WITHOUT_CLANG first if the clang
1491 build fails (its compatibility window doesn't extend to the 9 stable
1495 The IPFIREWALL_FORWARD kernel option has been removed. Its
1496 functionality now turned on by default.
1499 The ZERO_COPY_SOCKET kernel option has been removed and
1500 split into SOCKET_SEND_COW and SOCKET_RECV_PFLIP.
1501 NB: SOCKET_SEND_COW uses the VM page based copy-on-write
1502 mechanism which is not safe and may result in kernel crashes.
1503 NB: The SOCKET_RECV_PFLIP mechanism is useless as no current
1504 driver supports disposeable external page sized mbuf storage.
1505 Proper replacements for both zero-copy mechanisms are under
1506 consideration and will eventually lead to complete removal
1507 of the two kernel options.
1510 The IPv4 network stack has been converted to network byte
1511 order. The following modules need to be recompiled together
1512 with kernel: carp(4), divert(4), gif(4), siftr(4), gre(4),
1513 pf(4), ipfw(4), ng_ipfw(4), stf(4).
1516 Support for non-MPSAFE filesystems was removed from VFS. The
1517 VFS_VERSION was bumped, all filesystem modules shall be
1521 All the non-MPSAFE filesystems have been disconnected from
1522 the build. The full list includes: codafs, hpfs, ntfs, nwfs,
1523 portalfs, smbfs, xfs.
1526 The interface cloning API and ABI has changed. The following
1527 modules need to be recompiled together with kernel:
1528 ipfw(4), pfsync(4), pflog(4), usb(4), wlan(4), stf(4),
1529 vlan(4), disc(4), edsc(4), if_bridge(4), gif(4), tap(4),
1530 faith(4), epair(4), enc(4), tun(4), if_lagg(4), gre(4).
1533 The sdhci driver was split in two parts: sdhci (generic SD Host
1534 Controller logic) and sdhci_pci (actual hardware driver).
1535 No kernel config modifications are required, but if you
1536 load sdhc as a module you must switch to sdhci_pci instead.
1539 Import the FUSE kernel and userland support into base system.
1542 The GNU sort(1) program has been removed since the BSD-licensed
1543 sort(1) has been the default for quite some time and no serious
1544 problems have been reported. The corresponding WITH_GNU_SORT
1548 The pfil(9) API/ABI for AF_INET family has been changed. Packet
1549 filtering modules: pf(4), ipfw(4), ipfilter(4) need to be recompiled
1553 The net80211(4) ABI has been changed to allow for improved driver
1554 PS-POLL and power-save support. All wireless drivers need to be
1555 recompiled to work with the new kernel.
1558 The random(4) support for the VIA hardware random number
1559 generator (`PADLOCK') is no longer enabled unconditionally.
1560 Add the padlock_rng device in the custom kernel config if
1561 needed. The GENERIC kernels on i386 and amd64 do include the
1562 device, so the change only affects the custom kernel
1566 The pf(4) packet filter ABI has been changed. pfctl(8) and
1567 snmp_pf module need to be recompiled to work with new kernel.
1570 A new ZFS feature flag "com.delphix:empty_bpobj" has been merged
1571 to -HEAD. Pools that have empty_bpobj in active state can not be
1572 imported read-write with ZFS implementations that do not support
1573 this feature. For more information read the zpool-features(5)
1577 The sparc64 ZFS loader has been changed to no longer try to auto-
1578 detect ZFS providers based on diskN aliases but now requires these
1579 to be explicitly listed in the OFW boot-device environment variable.
1582 The OpenSSL has been upgraded to 1.0.1c. Any binaries requiring
1583 libcrypto.so.6 or libssl.so.6 must be recompiled. Also, there are
1584 configuration changes. Make sure to merge /etc/ssl/openssl.cnf.
1587 The following sysctls and tunables have been renamed for consistency
1588 with other variables:
1589 kern.cam.da.da_send_ordered -> kern.cam.da.send_ordered
1590 kern.cam.ada.ada_send_ordered -> kern.cam.ada.send_ordered
1593 The sort utility has been replaced with BSD sort. For now, GNU sort
1594 is also available as "gnusort" or the default can be set back to
1595 GNU sort by setting WITH_GNU_SORT. In this case, BSD sort will be
1596 installed as "bsdsort".
1599 A new version of ZFS (pool version 5000) has been merged to -HEAD.
1600 Starting with this version the old system of ZFS pool versioning
1601 is superseded by "feature flags". This concept enables forward
1602 compatibility against certain future changes in functionality of ZFS
1603 pools. The first read-only compatible "feature flag" for ZFS pools
1604 is named "com.delphix:async_destroy". For more information
1605 read the new zpool-features(5) manual page.
1606 Please refer to the "ZFS notes" section of this file for information
1607 on upgrading boot ZFS pools.
1610 The malloc(3) implementation embedded in libc now uses sources imported
1611 as contrib/jemalloc. The most disruptive API change is to
1612 /etc/malloc.conf. If your system has an old-style /etc/malloc.conf,
1613 delete it prior to installworld, and optionally re-create it using the
1614 new format after rebooting. See malloc.conf(5) for details
1615 (specifically the TUNING section and the "opt.*" entries in the MALLCTL
1619 Big-endian MIPS TARGET_ARCH values no longer end in "eb". mips64eb
1620 is now spelled mips64. mipsn32eb is now spelled mipsn32. mipseb is
1621 now spelled mips. This is to aid compatibility with third-party
1622 software that expects this naming scheme in uname(3). Little-endian
1623 settings are unchanged. If you are updating a big-endian mips64 machine
1624 from before this change, you may need to set MACHINE_ARCH=mips64 in
1625 your environment before the new build system will recognize your machine.
1628 Disable by default the option VFS_ALLOW_NONMPSAFE for all supported
1632 Now unix domain sockets behave "as expected" on nullfs(5). Previously
1633 nullfs(5) did not pass through all behaviours to the underlying layer,
1634 as a result if we bound to a socket on the lower layer we could connect
1635 only to the lower path; if we bound to the upper layer we could connect
1636 only to the upper path. The new behavior is one can connect to both the
1637 lower and the upper paths regardless what layer path one binds to.
1640 The getifaddrs upgrade path broken with 20111215 has been restored.
1641 If you have upgraded in between 20111215 and 20120209 you need to
1642 recompile libc again with your kernel. You still need to recompile
1643 world to be able to configure CARP but this restriction already
1644 comes from 20111215.
1647 The set_rcvar() function has been removed from /etc/rc.subr. All
1648 base and ports rc.d scripts have been updated, so if you have a
1649 port installed with a script in /usr/local/etc/rc.d you can either
1650 hand-edit the rcvar= line, or reinstall the port.
1652 An easy way to handle the mass-update of /etc/rc.d:
1653 rm /etc/rc.d/* && mergemaster -i
1656 panic(9) now stops other CPUs in the SMP systems, disables interrupts
1657 on the current CPU and prevents other threads from running.
1658 This behavior can be reverted using the kern.stop_scheduler_on_panic
1660 The new behavior can be incompatible with kern.sync_on_panic.
1663 The carp(4) facility has been changed significantly. Configuration
1664 of the CARP protocol via ifconfig(8) has changed, as well as format
1665 of CARP events submitted to devd(8) has changed. See manual pages
1666 for more information. The arpbalance feature of carp(4) is currently
1667 not supported anymore.
1669 Size of struct in_aliasreq, struct in6_aliasreq has changed. User
1670 utilities using SIOCAIFADDR, SIOCAIFADDR_IN6, e.g. ifconfig(8),
1671 need to be recompiled.
1674 The acpi_wmi(4) status device /dev/wmistat has been renamed to
1678 The option VFS_ALLOW_NONMPSAFE option has been added in order to
1679 explicitely support non-MPSAFE filesystems.
1680 It is on by default for all supported platform at this present
1684 The broken amd(4) driver has been replaced with esp(4) in the amd64,
1685 i386 and pc98 GENERIC kernel configuration files.
1688 sysinstall has been removed
1691 The stable/9 branch created in subversion. This corresponds to the
1692 RELENG_9 branch in CVS.
1698 Avoid using make -j when upgrading. While generally safe, there are
1699 sometimes problems using -j to upgrade. If your upgrade fails with
1700 -j, please try again without -j. From time to time in the past there
1701 have been problems using -j with buildworld and/or installworld. This
1702 is especially true when upgrading between "distant" versions (eg one
1703 that cross a major release boundary or several minor releases, or when
1704 several months have passed on the -current branch).
1706 Sometimes, obscure build problems are the result of environment
1707 poisoning. This can happen because the make utility reads its
1708 environment when searching for values for global variables. To run
1709 your build attempts in an "environmental clean room", prefix all make
1710 commands with 'env -i '. See the env(1) manual page for more details.
1712 When upgrading from one major version to another it is generally best
1713 to upgrade to the latest code in the currently installed branch first,
1714 then do an upgrade to the new branch. This is the best-tested upgrade
1715 path, and has the highest probability of being successful. Please try
1716 this approach before reporting problems with a major version upgrade.
1718 When upgrading a live system, having a root shell around before
1719 installing anything can help undo problems. Not having a root shell
1720 around can lead to problems if pam has changed too much from your
1721 starting point to allow continued authentication after the upgrade.
1723 This file should be read as a log of events. When a later event changes
1724 information of a prior event, the prior event should not be deleted.
1725 Instead, a pointer to the entry with the new information should be
1726 placed in the old entry. Readers of this file should also sanity check
1727 older entries before relying on them blindly. Authors of new entries
1728 should write them with this in mind.
1732 When upgrading the boot ZFS pool to a new version, always follow
1735 1.) recompile and reinstall the ZFS boot loader and boot block
1736 (this is part of "make buildworld" and "make installworld")
1738 2.) update the ZFS boot block on your boot drive
1740 The following example updates the ZFS boot block on the first
1741 partition (freebsd-boot) of a GPT partitioned drive ada0:
1742 "gpart bootcode -p /boot/gptzfsboot -i 1 ada0"
1744 Non-boot pools do not need these updates.
1748 If you are updating from a prior version of FreeBSD (even one just
1749 a few days old), you should follow this procedure. It is the most
1750 failsafe as it uses a /usr/obj tree with a fresh mini-buildworld,
1752 make kernel-toolchain
1753 make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1754 make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1756 To test a kernel once
1757 ---------------------
1758 If you just want to boot a kernel once (because you are not sure
1759 if it works, or if you want to boot a known bad kernel to provide
1760 debugging information) run
1761 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE KODIR=/boot/testkernel
1762 nextboot -k testkernel
1764 To just build a kernel when you know that it won't mess you up
1765 --------------------------------------------------------------
1766 This assumes you are already running a CURRENT system. Replace
1767 ${arch} with the architecture of your machine (e.g. "i386",
1768 "arm", "amd64", "ia64", "pc98", "sparc64", "powerpc", "mips", etc).
1770 cd src/sys/${arch}/conf
1771 config KERNEL_NAME_HERE
1772 cd ../compile/KERNEL_NAME_HERE
1777 If this fails, go to the "To build a kernel" section.
1779 To rebuild everything and install it on the current system.
1780 -----------------------------------------------------------
1781 # Note: sometimes if you are running current you gotta do more than
1782 # is listed here if you are upgrading from a really old current.
1784 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
1786 make kernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1788 <reboot in single user> [3]
1795 To cross-install current onto a separate partition
1796 --------------------------------------------------
1797 # In this approach we use a separate partition to hold
1798 # current's root, 'usr', and 'var' directories. A partition
1799 # holding "/", "/usr" and "/var" should be about 2GB in
1802 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
1805 make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1806 <maybe newfs current's root partition>
1807 <mount current's root partition on directory ${CURRENT_ROOT}>
1808 make installworld DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} -DDB_FROM_SRC
1809 make distribution DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} # if newfs'd
1810 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT}
1811 cp /etc/fstab ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab # if newfs'd
1812 <edit ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab to mount "/" from the correct partition>
1813 <reboot into current>
1814 <do a "native" rebuild/install as described in the previous section>
1815 <maybe install compatibility libraries from ports/misc/compat*>
1819 To upgrade in-place from stable to current
1820 ----------------------------------------------
1821 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
1823 make kernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE [8]
1825 <reboot in single user> [3]
1832 Make sure that you've read the UPDATING file to understand the
1833 tweaks to various things you need. At this point in the life
1834 cycle of current, things change often and you are on your own
1835 to cope. The defaults can also change, so please read ALL of
1836 the UPDATING entries.
1838 Also, if you are tracking -current, you must be subscribed to
1839 freebsd-current@freebsd.org. Make sure that before you update
1840 your sources that you have read and understood all the recent
1841 messages there. If in doubt, please track -stable which has
1842 much fewer pitfalls.
1844 [1] If you have third party modules, such as vmware, you
1845 should disable them at this point so they don't crash your
1848 [3] From the bootblocks, boot -s, and then do
1853 adjkerntz -i # if CMOS is wall time
1854 Also, when doing a major release upgrade, it is required that
1855 you boot into single user mode to do the installworld.
1857 [4] Note: This step is non-optional. Failure to do this step
1858 can result in a significant reduction in the functionality of the
1859 system. Attempting to do it by hand is not recommended and those
1860 that pursue this avenue should read this file carefully, as well
1861 as the archives of freebsd-current and freebsd-hackers mailing lists
1862 for potential gotchas. The -U option is also useful to consider.
1863 See mergemaster(8) for more information.
1865 [5] Usually this step is a noop. However, from time to time
1866 you may need to do this if you get unknown user in the following
1867 step. It never hurts to do it all the time. You may need to
1868 install a new mergemaster (cd src/usr.sbin/mergemaster && make
1869 install) after the buildworld before this step if you last updated
1870 from current before 20130425 or from -stable before 20130430.
1872 [6] This only deletes old files and directories. Old libraries
1873 can be deleted by "make delete-old-libs", but you have to make
1874 sure that no program is using those libraries anymore.
1876 [8] In order to have a kernel that can run the 4.x binaries needed to
1877 do an installworld, you must include the COMPAT_FREEBSD4 option in
1878 your kernel. Failure to do so may leave you with a system that is
1879 hard to boot to recover. A similar kernel option COMPAT_FREEBSD5 is
1880 required to run the 5.x binaries on more recent kernels. And so on
1881 for COMPAT_FREEBSD6 and COMPAT_FREEBSD7.
1883 Make sure that you merge any new devices from GENERIC since the
1884 last time you updated your kernel config file.
1886 [9] When checking out sources, you must include the -P flag to have
1887 cvs prune empty directories.
1889 If CPUTYPE is defined in your /etc/make.conf, make sure to use the
1890 "?=" instead of the "=" assignment operator, so that buildworld can
1891 override the CPUTYPE if it needs to.
1893 MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX must be defined in an environment variable, and
1894 not on the command line, or in /etc/make.conf. buildworld will
1895 warn if it is improperly defined.
1898 This file contains a list, in reverse chronological order, of major
1899 breakages in tracking -current. It is not guaranteed to be a complete
1900 list of such breakages, and only contains entries since September 23, 2011.
1901 If you need to see UPDATING entries from before that date, you will need
1902 to fetch an UPDATING file from an older FreeBSD release.
1904 Copyright information:
1906 Copyright 1998-2009 M. Warner Losh. All Rights Reserved.
1908 Redistribution, publication, translation and use, with or without
1909 modification, in full or in part, in any form or format of this
1910 document are permitted without further permission from the author.
1912 THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED BY WARNER LOSH ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
1913 IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
1914 WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
1915 DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL WARNER LOSH BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT,
1916 INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
1917 (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
1918 SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
1919 HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT,
1920 STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING
1921 IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
1922 POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
1924 Contact Warner Losh if you have any questions about your use of