1 Updating Information for FreeBSD stable/13 users.
3 This file is maintained and copyrighted by M. Warner Losh <imp@freebsd.org>.
4 See end of file for further details. For commonly done items, please see the
5 COMMON ITEMS: section later in the file. These instructions assume that you
6 basically know what you are doing. If not, then please consult the FreeBSD
9 https://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/makeworld.html
11 Items affecting the ports and packages system can be found in
12 /usr/ports/UPDATING. Please read that file before updating system packages
16 13.1-RELEASE-p9 FreeBSD-SA-23:06.ipv6
17 FreeBSD-SA-23:07.bhyve
19 FreeBSD-SA-23:09.pam_krb5
21 Remote denial of service in IPv6 fragment reassembly [SA-23:06.ipv6]
23 bhyve privileged guest escape via fwctl [SA-23:07.bhyve]
25 Potential remote code execution via ssh-agent forwarding [SA-23:08.ssh]
27 Network authentication attack via pam_krb5 [SA-23:09.pam_krb5]
30 13.1-RELEASE-p8 FreeBSD-EN-23:05.tzdata
31 FreeBSD-EN-23:06.loader
33 FreeBSD-SA-23:04.pam_krb5
35 Timezone database information update [EN-23:05.tzdata]
37 x86 kernel console configuration [EN-23:06.loader]
39 Fix mpr(4) failure to initialize devices [EN-23:07.mpr]
41 Fix network authentication attack via pam_krb5 [SA-23:04.pam_krb5]
44 13.1-RELEASE-p7 FreeBSD-SA-23:03.openssl
46 Fix multiple OpenSSL vulnerabilities [SA-23:03.openssl]
49 13.1-RELEASE-p6 FreeBSD-SA-23:01.geli
50 FreeBSD-EN-23:01.tzdata
51 FreeBSD-EN-23:02.sdhci
53 FreeBSD-EN-23:04.ixgbe
55 Fix GELI silently omits the keyfile if read from stdin [SA-23:01.geli]
57 Timezone database information update [EN-23:01.tzdata]
59 Fix sdhci(4) broken write-protect settings [EN-23:02.sdhci]
61 Fix ena driver crash after reset in 7th gen AWS instance types [EN-23:03.ena]
63 Fix ixgbe incorrectly reporting input errors for 82599ES [EN-23:04.ixgbe]
65 13.1-RELEASE-p5 FreeBSD-SA-22:15.ping
66 FreeBSD-EN-22:28.heimdal
68 Stack overflow in ping [SA-22:15.ping]
70 Regression in Heimdal KDC [EN-22:28.heimdal]
73 13.1-RELEASE-p4 FreeBSD-SA-22:14.heimdal
75 Multiple vulnerabilities in Heimdal [SA-22:14.heimdal]
78 13.1-RELEASE-p3 FreeBSD-EN-22:21.zfs
79 FreeBSD-EN-22:22.tzdata
84 FreeBSD-EN-22:27.loader
86 ZFS B-Tree use-after-free [EN-22:21.zfs]
88 Timezone database information update [EN-22:22.tzdata]
90 Memory pages become unreclaimable [EN-22:23.vm]
92 ZFS snapshot directories not accessible over NFS [EN-22:24.zfs]
94 Possible data corruption with TCP SACK retransmissions [EN-22:25.tcp]
96 CAM ioctl(2) compatibility breakage [EN-22:26.cam]
98 UEFI loader failing to boot older amd64 kernels [EN-22:27.loader]
101 13.1-RELEASE-p2 FreeBSD-SA-22:13.zlib
102 FreeBSD-EN-22:20.tzdata
104 zlib heap buffer overflow [SA-22:13.zlib]
106 Timezone database information update [EN-22:20.tzdata]
109 13.1-RELEASE-p1 FreeBSD-SA-22:09.elf
111 FreeBSD-SA-22:12.lib9p
112 FreeBSD-EN-22:16.kqueue
114 FreeBSD-EN-22:19.pam_exec
116 Out of bounds read in elf_not_prpsinfo() [SA-22:09.elf]
118 Memory disclosure by stale virtual memory mapping [SA-22:11.vm]
120 Missing bounds check in 9p message handling [SA-22:12.lib9p]
122 kevent(2) timers fire too often [EN-22:16.kqueue]
124 Kernel memory corruption during SCSI error recovery [EN-22:17.cam]
126 NULL pointer dereference in pam_exec(8) [EN-22:19.pam_exec]
132 For 64-bit architectures the base system is now built with Position
133 Independent Executable (PIE) support enabled by default. It may be
134 disabled using the WITHOUT_PIE knob. A clean build is required.
137 The macros provided for the manipulation of CPU sets (e.g. CPU_AND)
138 have been modified to take 2 source arguments instead of only 1.
139 Externally maintained sources that use these macros will have to
140 be adapted. The FreeBSD version has been bumped to 1300524 to
144 Commit 18f5b477ee66 adds two arguments to VOP_ALLOCATE().
145 Normally changes to VOP calls are not MFC'd, but a
146 discussion on freebsd-current@ seemed to agree that
147 it was acceptable in this case, to fix the NFSv4.2 server.
148 Any out of source tree file system with a custom
149 VOP_ALLOCATE() call will need to be modified.
150 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 1300523 since the NFS modules need
151 to be rebuilt from sources.
154 Commit 6e8e261f0d4e changed the internal KAPI between the NFS
155 modules. As such, all the modules must be rebuilt from sources.
156 __FreeBSD_version has been bumped to 1300522.
159 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 1300521 after merging LinuxKPI and
160 net80211 changes in order to support building various wireless
161 drivers. This is to help other external consumers of LinuxKPI
162 and net80211 to deal accordingly.
165 Commit a599f9f7620b deleted the variable called nfs_maxcopyrange
166 from nfscommon.ko, since it no longer needs to be global. As such,
167 the other nfs modules must be rebuilt from up to date sources.
168 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 1300516 for this.
171 As of commit 622809b0868f OpenSSL no longer enables kernel TLS
172 by default. Users can enable kernel TLS via the "KTLS" SSL
173 option. This can be enabled globally by using a custom
174 OpenSSL config file via OPENSSL_CONF or via an
175 application-specific configuration option for applications
176 which permit setting SSL options via SSL_CONF_cmd(3).
179 Commits 9fb6e613373c and 9ec7dbf46b0a both changed the internal
180 KAPI between the NFS modules. Bump __FreeBSD_version to 1300514.
181 All NFS modules must be rebuilt from sources.
184 Commit b69019c14cd8 removes pf's DIOCGETSTATESNV ioctl.
185 As of be70c7a50d32 it is no longer used by userspace, but it does mean
186 users may not be able to enumerate pf states if they update the kernel
187 past c021ff986e2b without first updating userspace past be70c7a50d32.
190 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 1300512 after merging LinuxKPI, OFED,
191 net80211, and driver changes in order to support building
192 Intel wireless iwlwifi drivers. This is especially needed for
193 drm-kmod which needs updates after this.
196 The 20210707 awk update brought in a change in behavior. This has
197 been corrected as of d4d252c49976. Between these dates, if you
198 installed a new awk binary, you may not be able to build a new
199 kernel because the change in behavior affected the genoffset
200 script used to build the kernel. If you did update, the fix is
201 to update your sources past the above hash and do
204 % sudo -E make install
205 to enable building kernels again.
208 Commit 8a04edfdcbd2 changes the default minor version
209 used for NFSv4 mounts to the highest minor version supported
210 by the NFSv4 server. This default can be overridden by using
211 the "minorversion" mount option.
212 The consensus of a discussion on freebsd-current@ indicated
213 that this would be acceptable to do and would not be considered
217 awk has been updated to the latest one-true-awk version 20210215.
218 This contains a number of minor bug fixes.
221 Commit ca179c4d74f2/632e3f2f3a66 changed the package in which
222 the OpenSSL libraries and utilities are packaged.
223 It is recommended for pkgbase user to do:
224 pkg install -f FreeBSD-openssl
225 before pkg upgrade otherwise some dependencies might not be met
226 and pkg will stop working as libssl will not be present anymore
230 Commit 841006678745 changed the internal KAPI between the krpc
231 and nfsd modules. As such, they must both be rebuilt from
233 __FreeBSD_version is bumped to 1300510.
236 Commit 272f39942254 changed the internal KAPI between the
237 nscl.ko and nfscommon.ko modules, so they both need to be
238 rebuilt from sources.
241 Commit 5a45802b3c8c changed the internal KAPI between
242 the krpc and NFS. As such, the krpc, nfscommon and
243 nfscl modules must all be rebuilt from sources.
244 Without this patch, NFSv4.1/4.2 mounts should not
245 be done with the nfscbd(8) daemon running, to avoid
246 needing a working back channel for server->client RPCs.
249 Various LinuxKPI functionality was added which conflicts with DRM.
250 Please update your drm-kmod port to after the __FreeBSD_verison 1300139
254 The stable/13 branch has been created from main.
257 PC Card attachments for all devices have been removed. In the case of
258 wi and cmx, the entire drivers were removed because they were only
259 PC Card devices. FreeBSD_version 1300134 should be used for this
260 since it was bumped so recently.
263 Transport-independent parts of HID support have been split off the USB
264 code in to separate subsystem. Kernel configs which include one of
265 ums, ukbd, uhid, atp, wsp, wmt, uaudio, ugold or ucycom drivers should
266 be updated with adding of "device hid" line.
269 ncurses installation has been modified to only keep the widechar
270 enabled version. Incremental build is broken for that change, so it
271 requires a clean build.
274 The FreeBSD project has migrated from Subversion to Git. Temporary
275 instructions can be found at
276 https://github.com/bsdimp/freebsd-git-docs/blob/main/src-cvt.md
277 and other documents in that repo.
280 The services database has been updated to cover more of the basic
281 services expected in a modern system. The database is big enough
282 that it will cause issues in mergemaster in Releases previous to
283 12.2 and 11.3, or in very old current systems from before r358154.
286 Obsolete in-tree GDB 6.1.1 has been removed. GDB (including kgdb)
287 may be installed from ports or packages.
290 ping6 has been merged into ping. It can now be called as "ping -6".
291 See ping(8) for details.
294 Default value of net.add_addr_allfibs has been changed to 0.
295 If you have multi-fib configuration and rely on existence of all
296 interface routes in every fib, you need to set the above sysctl to 1.
298 The internal pre-processor in the calendar(1) program has been
299 extended to support more C pre-processor commands (e.g. #ifdef, #else,
300 and #undef) and to detect unbalanced conditional statements.
301 Error messages have been extended to include the filename and line
302 number if processing stops to help fixing malformed data files.
305 All the data files for the calendar(1) program, except calendar.freebsd,
306 have been moved to the deskutils/calendar-data port, much like the
307 jewish calendar entries were moved to deskutils/hebcal years ago. After
308 make delete-old-files, you need to install it to retain full
309 functionality. calendar(1) will issue a reminder for files it can't
313 LINT files are no longer generated. We now include the relevant NOTES
314 files. Note: This may cause conflicts with updating in some cases.
315 find sys -name LINT\* -delete
316 is suggested across this commit to remove the generated LINT files.
318 If you have tried to update with generated files there, the svn
319 command you want to un-auger the tree is
322 and then do the above find from the top level. Substitute 'amd64'
323 above with where the error message indicates a conflict.
326 OpenZFS support has been integrated. Do not upgrade root pools until
327 the loader is updated to support zstd. Furthermore, we caution against
328 'zpool upgrade' for the next few weeks. The change should be transparent
329 unless you want to use new features.
331 Not all "NO_CLEAN" build scenarios work across these changes. Many
332 scenarios have been tested and fixed, but rebuilding kernels without
333 rebuilding world may fail.
335 The ZFS cache file has moved from /boot to /etc to match the OpenZFS
336 upstream default. A fallback to /boot has been added for mountroot.
338 Pool auto import behavior at boot has been moved from the kernel module
339 to an explicit "zpool import -a" in one of the rc scripts enabled by
340 zfs_enable=YES. This means your non-root zpools won't auto import until
341 you upgrade your /etc/rc.d files.
344 The resume code now notifies devd with the 'kernel' system
345 rather than the old 'kern' subsystem to be consistent with
346 other use. The old notification will be created as well, but
347 will be removed prior to FreeBSD 14.0.
350 r362275 changed the internal API between the kernel RPC and the
351 NFS modules. As such, all the modules must be recompiled from
355 r364330 modified the internal API used between the NFS modules.
356 As such, all the NFS modules must be re-compiled from sources.
359 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
360 been upgraded to 11.0.0. Please see the 20141231 entry below for
361 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
362 using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
365 r364092 modified the internal ABI used between the kernel NFS
366 modules. As such, all of these modules need to be rebuilt
367 from sources, so a version bump was done.
370 Makefile.inc has been updated to work around the issue documented in
371 20200729. It was a case where the optimization of using symbolic links
372 to point to binaries created a situation where we'd run new binaries
373 with old libraries starting midway through the installworld process.
376 r363679 has redefined some undefined behavior in regcomp(3); notably,
377 extraneous escapes of most ordinary characters will no longer be
378 accepted. An exp-run has identified all of the problems with this in
379 ports, but other non-ports software may need extra escapes removed to
380 continue to function.
382 Because of this change, installworld may encounter the following error
383 from rtld: Undefined symbol "regcomp@FBSD_1.6" -- It is imperative that
384 you do not halt installworld. Instead, let it run to completion (whether
385 successful or not) and run installworld once more.
388 A new implementation of bc and dc has been imported in r362681. This
389 implementation corrects non-conformant behavior of the previous bc
390 and adds GNU bc compatible options. It offers a number of extensions,
391 is much faster on large values, and has support for message catalogs
392 (a number of languages are already supported, contributions of further
393 languages welcome). The option WITHOUT_GH_BC can be used to build the
394 world with the previous versions of bc and dc.
397 r362639 changed the internal API used between the NFS kernel modules.
398 As such, they all need to be rebuilt from sources.
401 r362158 changed the arguments for VFS_CHECKEXP(). As such, any
402 out of tree file systems need to be modified and rebuilt.
403 Also, any file systems that are modules must be rebuilt.
406 read(2) of a directory fd is now rejected by default. root may
407 re-enable it for system root only on non-ZFS filesystems with the
408 security.bsd.allow_read_dir sysctl(8) MIB if
409 security.bsd.suser_enabled=1.
411 It may be advised to setup aliases for grep to default to `-d skip` if
412 commonly non-recursively grepping a list that includes directories and
413 the potential for the resulting stderr output is not tolerable. Example
414 aliases are now installed, commented out, in /root/.cshrc and
418 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
419 been upgraded to 10.0.1. Please see the 20141231 entry below for
420 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
421 using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
424 Support for obsolete compilers has been removed from the build system.
425 Clang 6 and GCC 6.4 are the minimum supported versions.
428 closefrom(2) has been moved under COMPAT12, and replaced in libc with a
429 stub that calls close_range(2). If using a custom kernel configuration,
430 you may want to ensure that the COMPAT_FREEBSD12 option is included, as
431 a slightly older -CURRENT userland and older FreeBSD userlands may not
432 be functional without closefrom(2).
435 Upstream DTS from Linux 5.6 was merged and they now have the SID
436 and THS (Secure ID controller and THermal Sensor) node present.
437 The DTB overlays have now been removed from the tree for the H3/H5 and
438 A64 SoCs and the aw_sid and aw_thermal driver have been updated to
439 deal with upstream DTS. If you are using those overlays you need to
440 remove them from loader.conf and update the DTBs on the FAT partition.
443 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
444 been upgraded to 10.0.0. Please see the 20141231 entry below for
445 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
446 using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
449 The amd(8) automount daemon has been removed from the source tree.
450 As of FreeBSD 10.1 autofs(5) is the preferred tool for automounting.
451 amd is still available in the sysutils/am-utils port.
454 Removed brooktree driver (bktr.4) from the tree.
457 The WITH_GPL_DTC option has been removed. The BSD-licenced device tree
458 compiler in usr.bin/dtc is used on all architectures which use dtc, and
459 the GPL dtc is available (if needed) from the sysutils/dtc port.
462 The WITHOUT_LLVM_LIBUNWIND option has been removed. LLVM's libunwind
463 is used by all supported CPU architectures.
466 GCC 4.2.1 has been removed from the tree. The WITH_GCC,
467 WITH_GCC_BOOTSTRAP, and WITH_GNUCXX options are no longer available.
468 Users who wish to build FreeBSD with GCC must use the external toolchain
472 ncurses has been updated to a newer version (6.2-20200215). Given the ABI
473 has changed, users will have to rebuild all the ports that are linked to
477 The size of struct vnet and the magic cookie have changed.
478 Users need to recompile libkvm and all modules using VIMAGE
479 together with their new kernel.
482 Defining the long deprecated NO_CTF, NO_DEBUG_FILES, NO_INSTALLLIB,
483 NO_MAN, NO_PROFILE, and NO_WARNS variables is now an error. Update
484 your Makefiles and scripts to define MK_<var>=no instead as required.
486 One exception to this is that program or library Makefiles should
487 define MAN to empty rather than setting MK_MAN=no.
490 Clang/LLVM is now the default compiler and LLD the default
494 make universe no longer uses GCC 4.2.1 on any architectures.
495 Architectures not supported by in-tree Clang/LLVM require an
496 external toolchain package.
499 GCC 4.2.1 is now not built by default, as part of the GCC 4.2.1
500 retirement plan. Specifically, the GCC, GCC_BOOTSTRAP, and GNUCXX
501 options default to off for all supported CPU architectures. As a
502 short-term transition aid they may be enabled via WITH_* options.
503 GCC 4.2.1 is expected to be removed from the tree on 2020-03-31.
506 Support for armv5 has been disconnected and is being removed. The
507 machine combination MACHINE=arm MACHINE_ARCH=arm is no longer valid.
508 You must now use a MACHINE_ARCH of armv6 or armv7. The default
509 MACHINE_ARCH for MACHINE=arm is now armv7.
512 Clang/LLVM is now the default compiler for all powerpc architectures.
513 LLD is now the default linker for powerpc64. The change for powerpc64
514 also includes a change to the ELFv2 ABI, incompatible with the existing
518 Kernel-loadable random(4) modules are no longer unloadable.
521 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
522 been upgraded to 9.0.1. Please see the 20141231 entry below for
523 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
524 using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
527 r355677 has modified the internal interface used between the
528 NFS modules in the kernel. As such, they must all be upgraded
529 simultaneously. I will do a version bump for this.
532 The root certificates of the Mozilla CA Certificate Store have been
533 imported into the base system and can be managed with the certctl(8)
534 utility. If you have installed the security/ca_root_nss port or package
535 with the ETCSYMLINK option (the default), be advised that there may be
536 differences between those included in the port and those included in
537 base due to differences in nss branch used as well as general update
538 frequency. Note also that certctl(8) cannot manage certs in the
539 format used by the security/ca_root_nss port.
542 The amd(8) automount daemon has been disabled by default, and will be
543 removed in the future. As of FreeBSD 10.1 the autofs(5) is available
547 The nctgpio and wbwd drivers have been moved to the superio bus.
548 If you have one of these drivers in a kernel configuration, then
549 you should add device superio to it. If you use one of these drivers
550 as a module and you compile a custom set of modules, then you should
551 add superio to the set.
554 KPIs for network drivers to access interface addresses have changed.
555 Users need to recompile NIC driver modules together with kernel.
558 The net.link.tap.user_open sysctl no longer prevents user opening of
559 already created /dev/tapNN devices. Access is still controlled by
560 node permissions, just like tun devices. The net.link.tap.user_open
561 sysctl is now used only to allow users to perform devfs cloning of
562 tap devices, and the subsequent open may not succeed if the user is not
563 in the appropriate group. This sysctl may be deprecated/removed
564 completely in the future.
567 mips, powerpc, and sparc64 are no longer built as part of
568 universe / tinderbox unless MAKE_OBSOLETE_GCC is defined. If
569 not defined, mips, powerpc, and sparc64 builds will look for
570 the xtoolchain binaries and if installed use them for universe
571 builds. As llvm 9.0 becomes vetted for these architectures, they
572 will be removed from the list.
575 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
576 been upgraded to 9.0.0. Please see the 20141231 entry below for
577 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
578 using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
581 The hpt27xx, hptmv, hptnr, and hptrr drivers have been removed from
582 GENERIC. They are available as modules and can be loaded by adding
583 to /boot/loader.conf hpt27xx_load="YES", hptmv_load="YES",
584 hptnr_load="YES", or hptrr_load="YES", respectively.
587 ntpd no longer by default locks its pages in memory, allowing them
588 to be paged out by the kernel. Use rlimit memlock to restore
589 historic BSD behaviour. For example, add "rlimit memlock 32"
590 to ntp.conf to lock up to 32 MB of ntpd address space in memory.
593 Several of ping6's options have been renamed for better consistency
594 with ping. If you use any of -ARWXaghmrtwx, you must update your
595 scripts. See ping6(8) for details.
598 The vfs.fusefs.sync_unmount and vfs.fusefs.init_backgrounded sysctls
599 and the "-o sync_unmount" and "-o init_backgrounded" mount options have
600 been removed from mount_fusefs(8). You can safely remove them from
601 your scripts, because they had no effect.
603 The vfs.fusefs.fix_broken_io, vfs.fusefs.sync_resize,
604 vfs.fusefs.refresh_size, vfs.fusefs.mmap_enable,
605 vfs.fusefs.reclaim_revoked, and vfs.fusefs.data_cache_invalidate
606 sysctls have been removed. If you felt the need to set any of them to
607 a non-default value, please tell asomers@FreeBSD.org why.
610 Default permissions on the /var/account/acct file (and copies of it
611 rotated by periodic daily scripts) are changed from 0644 to 0640
612 because the file contains sensitive information that should not be
613 world-readable. If the /var/account directory must be created by
614 rc.d/accounting, the mode used is now 0750. Admins who use the
615 accounting feature are encouraged to change the mode of an existing
616 /var/account directory to 0750 or 0700.
619 Entropy collection and the /dev/random device are no longer optional
620 components. The "device random" option has been removed.
621 Implementations of distilling algorithms can still be made loadable
622 with "options RANDOM_LOADABLE" (e.g., random_fortuna.ko).
625 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
626 been upgraded to 8.0.1. Please see the 20141231 entry below for
627 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
628 using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
631 A fix was applied to i386 kernel modules to avoid panics with
632 dpcpu or vnet. Users need to recompile i386 kernel modules
633 having pcpu or vnet sections or they will refuse to load.
636 User-wired pages now have their own counter,
637 vm.stats.vm.v_user_wire_count. The vm.max_wired sysctl was renamed
638 to vm.max_user_wired and changed from an unsigned int to an unsigned
639 long. bhyve VMs wired with the -S are now subject to the user
640 wiring limit; the vm.max_user_wired sysctl may need to be tuned to
641 avoid running into the limit.
644 The IPSEC option has been removed from GENERIC. Users requiring
645 ipsec(4) must now load the ipsec(4) kernel module.
648 The tap(4) driver has been folded into tun(4), and the module has been
649 renamed to tuntap. You should update any kld_list="if_tap" or
650 kld_list="if_tun" entries in /etc/rc.conf, if_tap_load="YES" or
651 if_tun_load="YES" entries in /boot/loader.conf to load the if_tuntap
652 module instead, and "device tap" or "device tun" entries in kernel
653 config files to select the tuntap device instead.
656 The following knobs have been added related to tradeoffs between
657 safe use of the random device and availability in the absence of
660 kern.random.initial_seeding.bypass_before_seeding: tunable; set
661 non-zero to bypass the random device prior to seeding, or zero to
662 block random requests until the random device is initially seeded.
663 For now, set to 1 (unsafe) by default to restore pre-r346250 boot
664 availability properties.
666 kern.random.initial_seeding.read_random_bypassed_before_seeding:
667 read-only diagnostic sysctl that is set when bypass is enabled and
668 read_random(9) is bypassed, to enable programmatic handling of this
669 initial condition, if desired.
671 kern.random.initial_seeding.arc4random_bypassed_before_seeding:
672 Similar to the above, but for for arc4random(9) initial seeding.
674 kern.random.initial_seeding.disable_bypass_warnings: tunable; set
675 non-zero to disable warnings in dmesg when the same conditions are
676 met as for the diagnostic sysctls above. Defaults to zero, i.e.,
677 produce warnings in dmesg when the conditions are met.
680 The loadable random module KPI has changed; the random_infra_init()
681 routine now requires a 3rd function pointer for a bool (*)(void)
682 method that returns true if the random device is seeded (and
683 therefore unblocked).
686 r345895 reverts r320698. This implies that an nfsuserd(8) daemon
687 built from head sources between r320757 (July 6, 2017) and
688 r338192 (Aug. 22, 2018) will not work unless the "-use-udpsock"
689 is added to the command line.
690 nfsuserd daemons built from head sources that are post-r338192 are
691 not affected and should continue to work.
694 The fuse(4) module has been renamed to fusefs(4) for consistency with
695 other filesystems. You should update any kld_load="fuse" entries in
696 /etc/rc.conf, fuse_load="YES" entries in /boot/loader.conf, and
697 "options FUSE" entries in kernel config files.
700 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
701 8.0.0. Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
702 prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
706 geom_uzip(4) depends on the new module xz. If geom_uzip is statically
707 compiled into your custom kernel, add 'device xz' statement to the
711 drm and drm2 have been removed from the tree. Please see
712 https://wiki.freebsd.org/Graphics for the latest information on
713 migrating to the drm ports.
716 Iflib is no longer unconditionally compiled into the kernel. Drivers
717 using iflib and statically compiled into the kernel, now require
718 the 'device iflib' config option. For the same drivers loaded as
719 modules on kernels not having 'device iflib', the iflib.ko module
720 is loaded automatically.
723 The IEEE80211_AMPDU_AGE and AH_SUPPORT_AR5416 kernel configuration
724 options no longer exist since r343219 and r343427 respectively;
725 nothing uses them, so they should be just removed from custom
729 r342635 changes the way efibootmgr(8) works by requiring users to add
730 the -b (bootnum) parameter for commands where the bootnum was previously
731 specified with each option. For example 'efibootmgr -B 0001' is now
732 'efibootmgr -B -b 0001'.
735 r342286 modifies the NFSv4 server so that it obeys vfs.nfsd.nfs_privport
736 in the same as it is applied to NFSv2 and 3. This implies that NFSv4
737 servers that have vfs.nfsd.nfs_privport set will only allow mounts
738 from clients using a reserved port#. Since both the FreeBSD and Linux
739 NFSv4 clients use reserved port#s by default, this should not affect
743 The XLP config has been removed. We can't support 64-bit atomics in this
744 kernel because it is running in 32-bit mode. XLP users must transition
745 to running a 64-bit kernel (XLP64 or XLPN32).
747 The mips GXEMUL support has been removed from FreeBSD. MALTA* + qemu is
748 the preferred emulator today and we don't need two different ones.
750 The old sibyte / swarm / Broadcom BCM1250 support has been
751 removed from the mips port.
754 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
755 7.0.1. Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
756 prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
760 Remove the timed and netdate programs from the base tree. Setting
761 the time with these daemons has been obsolete for over a decade.
764 On amd64, arm64 and armv7 (architectures that install LLVM's ld.lld
765 linker as /usr/bin/ld) GNU ld is no longer installed as ld.bfd, as
766 it produces broken binaries when ifuncs are in use. Users needing
767 GNU ld should install the binutils port or package.
770 The BSD crtbegin and crtend code has been enabled by default. It has
771 had extensive testing on amd64, arm64, and i386. It can be disabled
772 by building a world with -DWITHOUT_BSD_CRTBEGIN.
775 The set of CTM commands (ctm, ctm_smail, ctm_rmail, ctm_dequeue)
776 has been converted to a port (misc/ctm) and will be removed from
777 FreeBSD-13. It is available as a package (ctm) for all supported
781 The default newsyslog.conf(5) file has been changed to only include
782 files in /etc/newsyslog.conf.d/ and /usr/local/etc/newsyslog.conf.d/ if
783 the filenames end in '.conf' and do not begin with a '.'.
785 You should check the configuration files in these two directories match
786 this naming convention. You can verify which configuration files are
787 being included using the command:
791 Ports for the DRM modules have been simplified. Now, amd64 users should
792 just install the drm-kmod port. All others should install
795 Graphics hardware that's newer than about 2010 usually works with
796 drm-kmod. For hardware older than 2013, however, some users will need
797 to use drm-legacy-kmod if drm-kmod doesn't work for them. Hardware older
798 than 2008 usually only works in drm-legacy-kmod. The graphics team can
799 only commit to hardware made since 2013 due to the complexity of the
800 market and difficulty to test all the older cards effectively. If you
801 have hardware supported by drm-kmod, you are strongly encouraged to use
802 that as you will get better support.
804 Other than KPI chasing, drm-legacy-kmod will not be updated. As outlined
805 elsewhere, the drm and drm2 modules will be eliminated from the src base
806 soon (with a limited exception for arm). Please update to the package
807 asap and report any issues to x11@freebsd.org.
809 Generally, anybody using the drm*-kmod packages should add
810 WITHOUT_DRM_MODULE=t and WITHOUT_DRM2_MODULE=t to avoid nasty
811 cross-threading surprises, especially with automatic driver
812 loading from X11 startup. These will become the defaults in 13-current
816 The ixlv(4) driver has been renamed to iavf(4). As a consequence,
817 custom kernel and module loading configuration files must be updated
818 accordingly. Moreover, interfaces previous presented as ixlvN to the
819 system are now exposed as iavfN and network configuration files must
820 be adjusted as necessary.
823 OpenSSL has been updated to version 1.1.1. This update included
824 additional various API changes throughout the base system. It is
825 important to rebuild third-party software after upgrading. The value
826 of __FreeBSD_version has been bumped accordingly.
829 The legacy DRM modules and drivers have now been added to the loader's
830 module blacklist, in favor of loading them with kld_list in rc.conf(5).
831 The module blacklist may be overridden with the loader.conf(5)
832 'module_blacklist' variable, but loading them via rc.conf(5) is strongly
836 The cam(4) based nda(4) driver will be used over nvd(4) by default on
837 powerpc64. You may set 'options NVME_USE_NVD=1' in your kernel conf or
838 loader tunable 'hw.nvme.use_nvd=1' if you wish to use the existing
839 driver. Make sure to edit /boot/etc/kboot.conf and fstab to use the
843 Reproducible build mode is now on by default, in preparation for
844 FreeBSD 12.0. This eliminates build metadata such as the user,
845 host, and time from the kernel (and uname), unless the working tree
846 corresponds to a modified checkout from a version control system.
847 The previous behavior can be obtained by setting the /etc/src.conf
848 knob WITHOUT_REPRODUCIBLE_BUILD.
851 The Yarrow CSPRNG has been removed from the kernel as it has not been
852 supported by its designers since at least 2003. Fortuna has been the
853 default since FreeBSD-11.
856 devctl freeze/thaw have gone into the tree, the rc scripts have been
857 updated to use them and devmatch has been changed. You should update
858 kernel, userland and rc scripts all at the same time.
861 The default interpreter has been switched from 4th to Lua.
862 LOADER_DEFAULT_INTERP, documented in build(7), will override the default
863 interpreter. If you have custom FORTH code you will need to set
864 LOADER_DEFAULT_INTERP=4th (valid values are 4th, lua or simp) in
865 src.conf for the build. This will create default hard links between
866 loader and loader_4th instead of loader and loader_lua, the new default.
867 If you are using UEFI it will create the proper hard link to loader.efi.
869 bhyve uses userboot.so. It remains 4th-only until some issues are solved
870 regarding coexisting with multiple versions of FreeBSD are resolved.
873 ls(1) now respects the COLORTERM environment variable used in other
874 systems and software to indicate that a colored terminal is both
875 supported and desired. If ls(1) is suddenly emitting colors, they may
876 be disabled again by either removing the unwanted COLORTERM from your
877 environment, or using `ls --color=never`. The ls(1) specific CLICOLOR
878 may not be observed in a future release.
881 The default pager for most commands has been changed to "less". To
882 restore the old behavior, set PAGER="more" and MANPAGER="more -s" in
886 The jedec_ts(4) driver has been removed. A superset of its functionality
887 is available in the jedec_dimm(4) driver, and the manpage for that
888 driver includes migration instructions. If you have "device jedec_ts"
889 in your kernel configuration file, it must be removed.
892 amd64/GENERIC now has EFI runtime services, EFIRT, enabled by default.
893 This should have no effect if the kernel is booted via BIOS/legacy boot.
894 EFIRT may be disabled via a loader tunable, efi.rt.disabled, if a system
895 has a buggy firmware that prevents a successful boot due to use of
899 Atmel AT91RM9200 and AT91SAM9, Cavium CNS 11xx and XScale
900 support has been removed from the tree. These ports were
901 obsolete and/or known to be broken for many years.
904 loader.efi has been augmented to participate more fully in the
905 UEFI boot manager protocol. loader.efi will now look at the
906 BootXXXX environment variable to determine if a specific kernel
907 or root partition was specified. XXXX is derived from BootCurrent.
908 efibootmgr(8) manages these standard UEFI variables.
911 zfsloader's functionality has now been folded into loader.
912 zfsloader is no longer necessary once you've updated your
913 boot blocks. For a transition period, we will install a
914 hardlink for zfsloader to loader to allow a smooth transition
915 until the boot blocks can be updated (hard link because old
916 zfs boot blocks don't understand symlinks).
919 ARM64 now have efifb support, if you want to have serial console
920 on your arm64 board when an screen is connected and the bootloader
921 setup a frame buffer for us to use, just add :
925 For Raspberry Pi 3 (RPI) users, this is needed even if you don't have
926 an screen connected as the firmware will setup a frame buffer are that
927 u-boot will expose as an EFI frame buffer.
930 New uid:gid added, ntpd:ntpd (123:123). Be sure to run mergemaster
931 or take steps to update /etc/passwd before doing installworld on
932 existing systems. Do not skip the "mergemaster -Fp" step before
933 installworld, as described in the update procedures near the bottom
934 of this document. Also, rc.d/ntpd now starts ntpd(8) as user ntpd
935 if the new mac_ntpd(4) policy is available, unless ntpd_flags or
936 the ntp config file contain options that change file/dir locations.
937 When such options (e.g., "statsdir" or "crypto") are used, ntpd can
938 still be run as non-root by setting ntpd_user=ntpd in rc.conf, after
939 taking steps to ensure that all required files/dirs are accessible
943 Big endian arm support has been removed.
946 The static environment setup in kernel configs is no longer mutually
947 exclusive with the loader(8) environment by default. In order to
948 restore the previous default behavior of disabling the loader(8)
949 environment if a static environment is present, you must specify
950 loader_env.disabled=1 in the static environment.
953 The ABI of syscalls used by management tools like sockstat and
954 netstat has been broken to allow 32-bit binaries to work on
955 64-bit kernels without modification. These programs will need
956 to match the kernel in order to function. External programs may
957 require minor modifications to accommodate a change of type in
958 structures from pointers to 64-bit virtual addresses.
961 On i386 and amd64 atomics are now inlined. Out of tree modules using
962 atomics will need to be rebuilt.
965 The '%I' format in the kern.corefile sysctl limits the number of
966 core files that a process can generate to the number stored in the
967 debug.ncores sysctl. The '%I' format is replaced by the single digit
968 index. Previously, if all indexes were taken the kernel would overwrite
969 only a core file with the highest index in a filename.
970 Currently the system will create a new core file if there is a free
971 index or if all slots are taken it will overwrite the oldest one.
974 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
975 6.0.1. Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
976 prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
980 r335753 introduced a new quoting method. However, etc/devd/devmatch.conf
981 needed to be changed to work with it. This change was made with r335763
982 and requires a mergemaster / etcupdate / etc to update the installed
986 r334930 changed the interface between the NFS modules, so they all
987 need to be rebuilt. r335018 did a __FreeBSD_version bump for this.
990 As of r334391 lld is the default amd64 system linker; it is installed
991 as /usr/bin/ld. Kernel build workarounds (see 20180510 entry) are no
995 The kernel / userland interface for devinfo changed, so you'll
996 need a new kernel and userland as a pair for it to work (rebuilding
997 lib/libdevinfo is all that's required). devinfo and devmatch will
998 not work, but everything else will when there's a mismatch.
1001 The on-disk format for hwpmc callchain records has changed to include
1002 threadid corresponding to a given record. This changes the field offsets
1003 and thus requires that libpmcstat be rebuilt before using a kernel
1007 The vxge(4) driver has been removed. This driver was introduced into
1008 HEAD one week before the Exar left the Ethernet market and is not
1009 known to be used. If you have device vxge in your kernel config file
1013 The amd64 kernel now requires a ld that supports ifunc to produce a
1014 working kernel, either lld or a newer binutils. lld is built by default
1015 on amd64, and the 'buildkernel' target uses it automatically. However,
1016 it is not the default linker, so building the kernel the traditional
1017 way requires LD=ld.lld on the command line (or LD=/usr/local/bin/ld for
1018 binutils port/package). lld will soon be default, and this requirement
1021 NOTE: As of r334391 lld is the default system linker on amd64, and no
1022 workaround is necessary.
1025 The nxge(4) driver has been removed. This driver was for PCI-X 10g
1026 cards made by s2io/Neterion. The company was acquired by Exar and
1027 no longer sells or supports Ethernet products. If you have device
1028 nxge in your kernel config file it must be removed.
1031 The tz database (tzdb) has been updated to 2018e. This version more
1032 correctly models time stamps in time zones with negative DST such as
1033 Europe/Dublin (from 1971 on), Europe/Prague (1946/7), and
1034 Africa/Windhoek (1994/2017). This does not affect the UT offsets, only
1035 time zone abbreviations and the tm_isdst flag.
1038 The ixgb(4) driver has been removed. This driver was for an early and
1039 uncommon legacy PCI 10GbE for a single ASIC, Intel 82597EX. Intel
1040 quickly shifted to the long lived ixgbe family. If you have device
1041 ixgb in your kernel config file it must be removed.
1044 The lmc(4) driver has been removed. This was a WAN interface
1045 card that was already reportedly rare in 2003, and had an ambiguous
1046 license. If you have device lmc in your kernel config file it must
1050 Support for Arcnet networks has been removed. If you have device
1051 arcnet or device cm in your kernel config file they must be
1055 Support for FDDI networks has been removed. If you have device
1056 fddi or device fpa in your kernel config file they must be
1060 In addition to supporting RFC 3164 formatted messages, the
1061 syslogd(8) service is now capable of parsing RFC 5424 formatted
1062 log messages. The main benefit of using RFC 5424 is that clients
1063 may now send log messages with timestamps containing year numbers,
1064 microseconds and time zone offsets.
1066 Similarly, the syslog(3) C library function has been altered to
1067 send RFC 5424 formatted messages to the local system logging
1068 daemon. On systems using syslogd(8), this change should have no
1069 negative impact, as long as syslogd(8) and the C library are
1070 updated at the same time. On systems using a different system
1071 logging daemon, it may be necessary to make configuration
1072 adjustments, depending on the software used.
1074 When using syslog-ng, add the 'syslog-protocol' flag to local
1075 input sources to enable parsing of RFC 5424 formatted messages:
1078 unix-dgram("/var/run/log" flags(syslog-protocol));
1081 When using rsyslog, disable the 'SysSock.UseSpecialParser' option
1082 of the 'imuxsock' module to let messages be processed by the
1083 regular RFC 3164/5424 parsing pipeline:
1085 module(load="imuxsock" SysSock.UseSpecialParser="off")
1087 Do note that these changes only affect communication between local
1088 applications and syslogd(8). The format that syslogd(8) uses to
1089 store messages on disk or forward messages to other systems
1090 remains unchanged. syslogd(8) still uses RFC 3164 for these
1091 purposes. Options to customize this behaviour will be added in the
1092 future. Utilities that process log files stored in /var/log are
1093 thus expected to continue to function as before.
1095 __FreeBSD_version has been incremented to 1200061 to denote this
1099 Support for token ring networks has been removed. If you
1100 have "device token" in your kernel config you should remove
1101 it. No device drivers supported token ring.
1104 makefs was modified to be able to tag ISO9660 El Torito boot catalog
1105 entries as EFI instead of overloading the i386 tag as done previously.
1106 The amd64 mkisoimages.sh script used to build amd64 ISO images for
1107 release was updated to use this. This may mean that makefs must be
1108 updated before "make cdrom" can be run in the release directory. This
1109 should be as simple as:
1111 $ cd $SRCDIR/usr.sbin/makefs
1112 $ make depend all install
1115 FreeBSD boot loader enhanced with Lua scripting. It's purely opt-in for
1116 now by building WITH_LOADER_LUA and WITHOUT_FORTH in /etc/src.conf.
1117 Co-existence for the transition period will come shortly. Booting is a
1118 complex environment and test coverage for Lua-enabled loaders has been
1119 thin, so it would be prudent to assume it might not work and make
1120 provisions for backup boot methods.
1123 devmatch functionality has been turned on in devd. It will automatically
1124 load drivers for unattached devices. This may cause unexpected drivers
1125 to be loaded. Please report any problems to current@ and
1129 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
1130 6.0.0. Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
1131 prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
1135 LLVM's lld linker is now used as the FreeBSD/amd64 bootstrap linker.
1136 This means it is used to link the kernel and userland libraries and
1137 executables, but is not yet installed as /usr/bin/ld by default.
1139 To revert to ld.bfd as the bootstrap linker, in /etc/src.conf set
1140 WITHOUT_LLD_BOOTSTRAP=yes
1143 On i386, pmtimer has been removed. Its functionality has been folded
1144 into apm. It was a no-op on ACPI in current for a while now (but was
1145 still needed on i386 in FreeBSD 11 and earlier). Users may need to
1146 remove it from kernel config files.
1149 The use of RSS hash from the network card aka flowid has been
1150 disabled by default for lagg(4) as it's currently incompatible with
1151 the lacp and loadbalance protocols.
1153 This can be re-enabled by setting the following in loader.conf:
1154 net.link.lagg.default_use_flowid="1"
1157 The SW_WATCHDOG option is no longer necessary to enable the
1158 hardclock-based software watchdog if no hardware watchdog is
1159 configured. As before, SW_WATCHDOG will cause the software
1160 watchdog to be enabled even if a hardware watchdog is configured.
1163 r326887 fixes the issue described in the 20171214 UPDATING entry.
1164 r326888 flips the switch back to building GELI support always.
1167 r362593 broke ZFS + GELI support for reasons unknown. However,
1168 it also broke ZFS support generally, so GELI has been turned off
1169 by default as the lesser evil in r326857. If you boot off ZFS and/or
1170 GELI, it might not be a good time to update.
1173 PowerPC users must update loader(8) by rebuilding world before
1174 installing a new kernel, as the protocol connecting them has
1175 changed. Without the update, loader metadata will not be passed
1176 successfully to the kernel and users will have to enter their
1177 root partition at the kernel mountroot prompt to continue booting.
1178 Newer versions of loader can boot old kernels without issue.
1181 The LOADER_FIREWIRE_SUPPORT build variable as been renamed to
1182 WITH/OUT_LOADER_FIREWIRE. LOADER_{NO_,}GELI_SUPPORT has been renamed
1183 to WITH/OUT_LOADER_GELI.
1186 The naive and non-compliant support of posix_fallocate(2) in ZFS
1187 has been removed as of r325320. The system call now returns EINVAL
1188 when used on a ZFS file. Although the new behavior complies with the
1189 standard, some consumers are not prepared to cope with it.
1190 One known victim is lld prior to r325420.
1193 Building in a FreeBSD src checkout will automatically create object
1194 directories now rather than store files in the current directory if
1195 'make obj' was not ran. Calling 'make obj' is no longer necessary.
1196 This feature can be disabled by setting WITHOUT_AUTO_OBJ=yes in
1197 /etc/src-env.conf (not /etc/src.conf), or passing the option in the
1201 The default MAKEOBJDIR has changed from /usr/obj/<srcdir> for native
1202 builds, and /usr/obj/<arch>/<srcdir> for cross-builds, to a unified
1203 /usr/obj/<srcdir>/<arch>. This behavior can be changed to the old
1204 format by setting WITHOUT_UNIFIED_OBJDIR=yes in /etc/src-env.conf,
1205 the environment, or with -DWITHOUT_UNIFIED_OBJDIR when building.
1206 The UNIFIED_OBJDIR option is a transitional feature that will be
1207 removed for 12.0 release; please migrate to the new format for any
1208 tools by looking up the OBJDIR used by 'make -V .OBJDIR' means rather
1209 than hardcoding paths.
1212 The native-xtools target no longer installs the files by default to the
1213 OBJDIR. Use the native-xtools-install target with a DESTDIR to install
1214 to ${DESTDIR}/${NXTP} where NXTP defaults to /nxb-bin.
1217 As part of the boot loader infrastructure cleanup, LOADER_*_SUPPORT
1218 options are changing from controlling the build if defined / undefined
1219 to controlling the build with explicit 'yes' or 'no' values. They will
1220 shift to WITH/WITHOUT options to match other options in the system.
1223 libstand has turned into a private library for sys/boot use only.
1224 It is no longer supported as a public interface outside of sys/boot.
1227 The arm port has split armv6 into armv6 and armv7. armv7 is now
1228 a valid TARGET_ARCH/MACHINE_ARCH setting. If you have an armv7 system
1229 and are running a kernel from before r324363, you will need to add
1230 MACHINE_ARCH=armv7 to 'make buildworld' to do a native build.
1233 When building multiple kernels using KERNCONF, non-existent KERNCONF
1234 files will produce an error and buildkernel will fail. Previously
1235 missing KERNCONF files silently failed giving no indication as to
1236 why, only to subsequently discover during installkernel that the
1237 desired kernel was never built in the first place.
1240 The default serial number format for CTL LUNs has changed. This will
1241 affect users who use /dev/diskid/* device nodes, or whose FibreChannel
1242 or iSCSI clients care about their LUNs' serial numbers. Users who
1243 require serial number stability should hardcode serial numbers in
1247 For 32-bit arm compiled for hard-float support, soft-floating point
1248 binaries now always get their shared libraries from
1249 LD_SOFT_LIBRARY_PATH (in the past, this was only used if
1250 /usr/libsoft also existed). Only users with a hard-float ld.so, but
1251 soft-float everything else should be affected.
1254 The geli password typed at boot is now hidden. To restore the previous
1255 behavior, see geli(8) for configuration options.
1258 Move PMTUD blackhole counters to TCPSTATS and remove them from bare
1259 sysctl values. Minor nit, but requires a rebuild of both world/kernel
1263 "make check" behavior (made in ^/head@r295380) has been changed to
1264 execute from a limited sandbox, as opposed to executing from
1268 - The "beforecheck" and "aftercheck" targets are now specified.
1269 - ${CHECKDIR} (added in commit noted above) has been removed.
1270 - Legacy behavior can be enabled by setting
1271 WITHOUT_MAKE_CHECK_USE_SANDBOX in src.conf(5) or the environment.
1273 If the limited sandbox mode is enabled, "make check" will execute
1274 "make distribution", then install, execute the tests, and clean up the
1275 sandbox if successful.
1277 The "make distribution" and "make install" targets are typically run as
1278 root to set appropriate permissions and ownership at installation time.
1279 The end-user should set "WITH_INSTALL_AS_USER" in src.conf(5) or the
1280 environment if executing "make check" with limited sandbox mode using
1281 an unprivileged user.
1284 Since the switch to GPT disk labels, fsck for UFS/FFS has been
1285 unable to automatically find alternate superblocks. As of r322297,
1286 the information needed to find alternate superblocks has been
1287 moved to the end of the area reserved for the boot block.
1288 Filesystems created with a newfs of this vintage or later
1289 will create the recovery information. If you have a filesystem
1290 created prior to this change and wish to have a recovery block
1291 created for your filesystem, you can do so by running fsck in
1292 foreground mode (i.e., do not use the -p or -y options). As it
1293 starts, fsck will ask ``SAVE DATA TO FIND ALTERNATE SUPERBLOCKS''
1294 to which you should answer yes.
1297 As of r321665, an NFSv4 server configuration that services
1298 Kerberos mounts or clients that do not support the uid/gid in
1299 owner/owner_group string capability, must explicitly enable
1300 the nfsuserd daemon by adding nfsuserd_enable="YES" to the
1301 machine's /etc/rc.conf file.
1304 Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 5.0.0.
1305 Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1306 and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1309 WITHOUT_RCMDS is now the default. Set WITH_RCMDS if you need the
1310 r-commands (rlogin, rsh, etc.) to be built with the base system.
1313 The FreeBSD/powerpc platform now uses a 64-bit type for time_t. This is
1314 a very major ABI incompatible change, so users of FreeBSD/powerpc must
1315 be careful when performing source upgrades. It is best to run
1316 'make installworld' from an alternate root system, either a live
1317 CD/memory stick, or a temporary root partition. Additionally, all ports
1318 must be recompiled. powerpc64 is largely unaffected, except in the case
1319 of 32-bit compatibility. All 32-bit binaries will be affected.
1322 Forward compatibility for the "ino64" project have been committed. This
1323 will allow most new binaries to run on older kernels in a limited
1324 fashion. This prevents many of the common foot-shooting actions in the
1325 upgrade as well as the limited ability to roll back the kernel across
1326 the ino64 upgrade. Complicated use cases may not work properly, though
1327 enough simpler ones work to allow recovery in most situations.
1330 Switch back to the BSDL dtc (Device Tree Compiler). Set WITH_GPL_DTC
1331 if you require the GPL compiler.
1334 The internal ABI used for communication between the NFS kernel modules
1335 was changed by r320085, so __FreeBSD_version was bumped to
1336 ensure all the NFS related modules are updated together.
1339 The ABI of struct event was changed by extending the data
1340 member to 64bit and adding ext fields. For upgrade, same
1341 precautions as for the entry 20170523 "ino64" must be
1345 The GNU roff toolchain has been removed from base. To render manpages
1346 which are not supported by mandoc(1), man(1) can fallback on GNU roff
1347 from ports (and recommends to install it).
1348 To render roff(7) documents, consider using GNU roff from ports or the
1349 heirloom doctools roff toolchain from ports via pkg install groff or
1350 via pkg install heirloom-doctools.
1353 The ath(4) and ath_hal(4) modules now build piecemeal to allow for
1354 smaller runtime footprint builds. This is useful for embedded systems
1355 which only require one chipset support.
1357 If you load it as a module, make sure this is in /boot/loader.conf:
1361 This will load the HAL, all chip/RF backends and if_ath_pci.
1362 If you have if_ath_pci in /boot/loader.conf, ensure it is after
1363 if_ath or it will not load any HAL chipset support.
1365 If you want to selectively load things (eg on ye cheape ARM/MIPS
1366 platforms where RAM is at a premium) you should:
1369 * load the chip modules in question
1370 * load ath_rate, ath_dfs
1372 * load if_ath_pci and/or if_ath_ahb depending upon your particular
1373 bus bind type - this is where probe/attach is done.
1375 For further comments/feedback, poke adrian@ .
1378 The "ino64" 64-bit inode project has been committed, which extends
1379 a number of types to 64 bits. Upgrading in place requires care and
1380 adherence to the documented upgrade procedure.
1382 If using a custom kernel configuration ensure that the
1383 COMPAT_FREEBSD11 option is included (as during the upgrade the
1384 system will be running the ino64 kernel with the existing world).
1386 For the safest in-place upgrade begin by removing previous build
1387 artifacts via "rm -rf /usr/obj/*". Then, carefully follow the full
1388 procedure documented below under the heading "To rebuild everything and
1389 install it on the current system." Specifically, a reboot is required
1390 after installing the new kernel before installing world. While an
1391 installworld normally works by accident from multiuser after rebooting
1392 the proper kernel, there are many cases where this will fail across this
1393 upgrade and installworld from single user is required.
1396 The NATM framework including the en(4), fatm(4), hatm(4), and
1397 patm(4) devices has been removed. Consumers should plan a
1398 migration before the end-of-life date for FreeBSD 11.
1401 GNU diff has been replaced by a BSD licensed diff. Some features of GNU
1402 diff has not been implemented, if those are needed a newer version of
1403 GNU diff is available via the diffutils package under the gdiff name.
1406 As of r316810 for ipfilter, keep frags is no longer assumed when
1407 keep state is specified in a rule. r316810 aligns ipfilter with
1408 documentation in man pages separating keep frags from keep state.
1409 This allows keep state to be specified without forcing keep frags
1410 and allows keep frags to be specified independently of keep state.
1411 To maintain previous behaviour, also specify keep frags with
1412 keep state (as documented in ipf.conf.5).
1415 arm64 builds now use the base system LLD 4.0.0 linker by default,
1416 instead of requiring that the aarch64-binutils port or package be
1417 installed. To continue using aarch64-binutils, set
1418 CROSS_BINUTILS_PREFIX=/usr/local/aarch64-freebsd/bin .
1421 The UDP optimization in entry 20160818 that added the sysctl
1422 net.inet.udp.require_l2_bcast has been reverted. L2 broadcast
1423 packets will no longer be treated as L3 broadcast packets.
1426 Binds and sends to the loopback addresses, IPv6 and IPv4, will now
1427 use any explicitly assigned loopback address available in the jail
1428 instead of using the first assigned address of the jail.
1431 The ctl.ko module no longer implements the iSCSI target frontend:
1432 cfiscsi.ko does instead.
1434 If building cfiscsi.ko as a kernel module, the module can be loaded
1435 via one of the following methods:
1436 - `cfiscsi_load="YES"` in loader.conf(5).
1437 - Add `cfiscsi` to `$kld_list` in rc.conf(5).
1438 - ctladm(8)/ctld(8), when compiled with iSCSI support
1439 (`WITH_ISCSI=yes` in src.conf(5))
1441 Please see cfiscsi(4) for more details.
1444 The mmcsd.ko module now additionally depends on geom_flashmap.ko.
1445 Also, mmc.ko and mmcsd.ko need to be a matching pair built from the
1446 same source (previously, the dependency of mmcsd.ko on mmc.ko was
1447 missing, but mmcsd.ko now will refuse to load if it is incompatible
1451 The syntax of ipfw(8) named states was changed to avoid ambiguity.
1452 If you have used named states in the firewall rules, you need to modify
1453 them after installworld and before rebooting. Now named states must
1454 be prefixed with colon.
1457 The old drm (sys/dev/drm/) drivers for i915 and radeon have been
1458 removed as the userland we provide cannot use them. The KMS version
1459 (sys/dev/drm2) supports the same hardware.
1462 Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 4.0.0.
1463 Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1464 and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1467 The code that provides support for ZFS .zfs/ directory functionality
1468 has been reimplemented. It's not possible now to create a snapshot
1469 by mkdir under .zfs/snapshot/. That should be the only user visible
1473 EISA bus support has been removed. The WITH_EISA option is no longer
1477 MCA bus support has been removed.
1480 The WITH_LLD_AS_LD / WITHOUT_LLD_AS_LD build knobs have been renamed
1481 WITH_LLD_IS_LD / WITHOUT_LLD_IS_LD, for consistency with CLANG_IS_CC.
1484 The EM_MULTIQUEUE kernel configuration option is deprecated now that
1485 the em(4) driver conforms to iflib specifications.
1488 The igb(4), em(4) and lem(4) ethernet drivers are now implemented via
1489 IFLIB. If you have a custom kernel configuration that excludes em(4)
1490 but you use igb(4), you need to re-add em(4) to your custom
1494 Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.9.1.
1495 Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1496 and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1499 Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.9.0.
1500 Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1501 and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1504 The layout of the pmap structure has changed for powerpc to put the pmap
1505 statistics at the front for all CPU variations. libkvm(3) and all tools
1506 that link against it need to be recompiled.
1509 isl(4) and cyapa(4) drivers now require a new driver,
1510 chromebook_platform(4), to work properly on Chromebook-class hardware.
1511 On other types of hardware the drivers may need to be configured using
1512 device hints. Please see the corresponding manual pages for details.
1515 The urtwn(4) driver was merged into rtwn(4) and now consists of
1516 rtwn(4) main module + rtwn_usb(4) and rtwn_pci(4) bus-specific
1518 Also, firmware for RTL8188CE was renamed due to possible name
1519 conflict (rtwnrtl8192cU(B) -> rtwnrtl8192cE(B))
1522 GNU rcs has been removed from base. It is available as packages:
1523 - rcs: Latest GPLv3 GNU rcs version.
1524 - rcs57: Copy of the latest version of GNU rcs (GPLv2) before it was
1528 Use of the cc_cdg, cc_chd, cc_hd, or cc_vegas congestion control
1529 modules now requires that the kernel configuration contain the
1530 TCP_HHOOK option. (This option is included in the GENERIC kernel.)
1533 The WITHOUT_ELFCOPY_AS_OBJCOPY src.conf(5) knob has been retired.
1534 ELF Tool Chain's elfcopy is always installed as /usr/bin/objcopy.
1537 Relocatable object files with the extension of .So have been renamed
1538 to use an extension of .pico instead. The purpose of this change is
1539 to avoid a name clash with shared libraries on case-insensitive file
1540 systems. On those file systems, foo.So is the same file as foo.so.
1543 GNU rcs has been turned off by default. It can (temporarily) be built
1544 again by adding WITH_RCS knob in src.conf.
1545 Otherwise, GNU rcs is available from packages:
1546 - rcs: Latest GPLv3 GNU rcs version.
1547 - rcs57: Copy of the latest version of GNU rcs (GPLv2) from base.
1550 The backup_uses_rcs functionality has been removed from rc.subr.
1553 The queue(3) debugging macro, QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG, has been split into
1554 two separate components, QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG_TRACE and
1555 QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG_TRASH. Define both for the original
1556 QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG behavior.
1559 r304787 changed some ioctl interfaces between the iSCSI userspace
1560 programs and the kernel. ctladm, ctld, iscsictl, and iscsid must be
1561 rebuilt to work with new kernels. __FreeBSD_version has been bumped
1565 The UDP receive code has been updated to only treat incoming UDP
1566 packets that were addressed to an L2 broadcast address as L3
1567 broadcast packets. It is not expected that this will affect any
1568 standards-conforming UDP application. The new behaviour can be
1569 disabled by setting the sysctl net.inet.udp.require_l2_bcast to
1573 Remove the openbsd_poll system call.
1574 __FreeBSD_version has been bumped because of this.
1577 The stable/11 branch has been created from head@r302406.
1580 The libc stub for the pipe(2) system call has been replaced with
1581 a wrapper that calls the pipe2(2) system call and the pipe(2)
1582 system call is now only implemented by the kernels that include
1583 "options COMPAT_FREEBSD10" in their config file (this is the
1584 default). Users should ensure that this option is enabled in
1585 their kernel or upgrade userspace to r302092 before upgrading their
1589 CAM will now strip leading spaces from SCSI disks' serial numbers.
1590 This will affect users who create UFS filesystems on SCSI disks using
1591 those disk's diskid device nodes. For example, if /etc/fstab
1592 previously contained a line like
1593 "/dev/diskid/DISK-%20%20%20%20%20%20%20ABCDEFG0123456", you should
1594 change it to "/dev/diskid/DISK-ABCDEFG0123456". Users of geom
1595 transforms like gmirror may also be affected. ZFS users should
1599 The bitstring(3) API has been updated with new functionality and
1600 improved performance. But it is binary-incompatible with the old API.
1601 Objects built with the new headers may not be linked against objects
1602 built with the old headers.
1605 The brk and sbrk functions have been removed from libc on arm64.
1606 Binutils from ports has been updated to not link to these
1607 functions and should be updated to the latest version before
1608 installing a new libc.
1611 The armv6 port now defaults to hard float ABI. Limited support
1612 for running both hardfloat and soft float on the same system
1613 is available using the libraries installed with -DWITH_LIBSOFT.
1614 This has only been tested as an upgrade path for installworld
1615 and packages may fail or need manual intervention to run. New
1616 packages will be needed.
1618 To update an existing self-hosted armv6hf system, you must add
1619 TARGET_ARCH=armv6 on the make command line for both the build
1620 and the install steps.
1623 Kernel modules compiled outside of a kernel build now default to
1624 installing to /boot/modules instead of /boot/kernel. Many kernel
1625 modules built this way (such as those in ports) already overrode
1626 KMODDIR explicitly to install into /boot/modules. However,
1627 manually building and installing a module from /sys/modules will
1628 now install to /boot/modules instead of /boot/kernel.
1631 The CAM I/O scheduler has been committed to the kernel. There should be
1632 no user visible impact. This does enable NCQ Trim on ada SSDs. While the
1633 list of known rogues that claim support for this but actually corrupt
1634 data is believed to be complete, be on the lookout for data
1635 corruption. The known rogue list is believed to be complete:
1637 o Crucial MX100, M550 drives with MU01 firmware.
1638 o Micron M510 and M550 drives with MU01 firmware.
1639 o Micron M500 prior to MU07 firmware
1640 o Samsung 830, 840, and 850 all firmwares
1641 o FCCT M500 all firmwares
1643 Crucial has firmware http://www.crucial.com/usa/en/support-ssd-firmware
1644 with working NCQ TRIM. For Micron branded drives, see your sales rep for
1645 updated firmware. Black listed drives will work correctly because these
1646 drives work correctly so long as no NCQ TRIMs are sent to them. Given
1647 this list is the same as found in Linux, it's believed there are no
1648 other rogues in the market place. All other models from the above
1651 To be safe, if you are at all concerned, you can quirk each of your
1652 drives to prevent NCQ from being sent by setting:
1653 kern.cam.ada.X.quirks="0x2"
1654 in loader.conf. If the drive requires the 4k sector quirk, set the
1655 quirks entry to 0x3.
1658 The FAST_DEPEND build option has been removed and its functionality is
1659 now the one true way. The old mkdep(1) style of 'make depend' has
1660 been removed. See 20160311 for further details.
1663 Resource range types have grown from unsigned long to uintmax_t. All
1664 drivers, and anything using libdevinfo, need to be recompiled.
1667 WITH_FAST_DEPEND is now enabled by default for in-tree and out-of-tree
1668 builds. It no longer runs mkdep(1) during 'make depend', and the
1669 'make depend' stage can safely be skipped now as it is auto ran
1670 when building 'make all' and will generate all SRCS and DPSRCS before
1671 building anything else. Dependencies are gathered at compile time with
1672 -MF flags kept in separate .depend files per object file. Users should
1673 run 'make cleandepend' once if using -DNO_CLEAN to clean out older
1674 stale .depend files.
1677 On amd64, clang 3.8.0 can now insert sections of type AMD64_UNWIND into
1678 kernel modules. Therefore, if you load any kernel modules at boot time,
1679 please install the boot loaders after you install the kernel, but before
1683 make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1684 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1685 make -C sys/boot install
1686 <reboot in single user>
1688 Then follow the usual steps, described in the General Notes section,
1692 Clang, llvm, lldb and compiler-rt have been upgraded to 3.8.0. Please
1693 see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites and
1694 upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1697 The AIO subsystem is now a standard part of the kernel. The
1698 VFS_AIO kernel option and aio.ko kernel module have been removed.
1699 Due to stability concerns, asynchronous I/O requests are only
1700 permitted on sockets and raw disks by default. To enable
1701 asynchronous I/O requests on all file types, set the
1702 vfs.aio.enable_unsafe sysctl to a non-zero value.
1705 The ELF object manipulation tool objcopy is now provided by the
1706 ELF Tool Chain project rather than by GNU binutils. It should be a
1707 drop-in replacement, with the addition of arm64 support. The
1708 (temporary) src.conf knob WITHOUT_ELFCOPY_AS_OBJCOPY knob may be set
1709 to obtain the GNU version if necessary.
1712 Building ZFS pools on top of zvols is prohibited by default. That
1713 feature has never worked safely; it's always been prone to deadlocks.
1714 Using a zvol as the backing store for a VM guest's virtual disk will
1715 still work, even if the guest is using ZFS. Legacy behavior can be
1716 restored by setting vfs.zfs.vol.recursive=1.
1719 The NONE and HPN patches has been removed from OpenSSH. They are
1720 still available in the security/openssh-portable port.
1723 With the addition of ypldap(8), a new _ypldap user is now required
1724 during installworld. "mergemaster -p" can be used to add the user
1725 prior to installworld, as documented in the handbook.
1728 The tftp loader (pxeboot) now uses the option root-path directive. As a
1729 consequence it no longer looks for a pxeboot.4th file on the tftp
1730 server. Instead it uses the regular /boot infrastructure as with the
1734 The code to start recording plug and play data into the modules has
1735 been committed. While the old tools will properly build a new kernel,
1736 a number of warnings about "unknown metadata record 4" will be produced
1737 for an older kldxref. To avoid such warnings, make sure to rebuild
1738 the kernel toolchain (or world). Make sure that you have r292078 or
1739 later when trying to build 292077 or later before rebuilding.
1742 Debug data files are now built by default with 'make buildworld' and
1743 installed with 'make installworld'. This facilitates debugging but
1744 requires more disk space both during the build and for the installed
1745 world. Debug files may be disabled by setting WITHOUT_DEBUG_FILES=yes
1749 r291527 changed the internal interface between the nfsd.ko and
1750 nfscommon.ko modules. As such, they must both be upgraded to-gether.
1751 __FreeBSD_version has been bumped because of this.
1754 Add support for unicode collation strings leads to a change of
1755 order of files listed by ls(1) for example. To get back to the old
1756 behaviour, set LC_COLLATE environment variable to "C".
1758 Databases administrators will need to reindex their databases given
1759 collation results will be different.
1761 Due to a bug in install(1) it is recommended to remove the ancient
1762 locales before running make installworld.
1764 rm -rf /usr/share/locale/*
1767 The OpenSSL has been upgraded to 1.0.2d. Any binaries requiring
1768 libcrypto.so.7 or libssl.so.7 must be recompiled.
1771 Qlogic 24xx/25xx firmware images were updated from 5.5.0 to 7.3.0.
1772 Kernel modules isp_2400_multi and isp_2500_multi were removed and
1773 should be replaced with isp_2400 and isp_2500 modules respectively.
1776 The build previously allowed using 'make -n' to not recurse into
1777 sub-directories while showing what commands would be executed, and
1778 'make -n -n' to recursively show commands. Now 'make -n' will recurse
1779 and 'make -N' will not.
1782 If you specify SENDMAIL_MC or SENDMAIL_CF in make.conf, mergemaster
1783 and etcupdate will now use this file. A custom sendmail.cf is now
1784 updated via this mechanism rather than via installworld. If you had
1785 excluded sendmail.cf in mergemaster.rc or etcupdate.conf, you may
1786 want to remove the exclusion or change it to "always install".
1787 /etc/mail/sendmail.cf is now managed the same way regardless of
1788 whether SENDMAIL_MC/SENDMAIL_CF is used. If you are not using
1789 SENDMAIL_MC/SENDMAIL_CF there should be no change in behavior.
1792 Compatibility shims for legacy ATA device names have been removed.
1793 It includes ATA_STATIC_ID kernel option, kern.cam.ada.legacy_aliases
1794 and kern.geom.raid.legacy_aliases loader tunables, kern.devalias.*
1795 environment variables, /dev/ad* and /dev/ar* symbolic links.
1798 Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.7.0.
1799 Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1800 and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1803 Kernel debug files have been moved to /usr/lib/debug/boot/kernel/,
1804 and renamed from .symbols to .debug. This reduces the size requirements
1805 on the boot partition or file system and provides consistency with
1806 userland debug files.
1808 When using the supported kernel installation method the
1809 /usr/lib/debug/boot/kernel directory will be renamed (to kernel.old)
1810 as is done with /boot/kernel.
1812 Developers wishing to maintain the historical behavior of installing
1813 debug files in /boot/kernel/ can set KERN_DEBUGDIR="" in src.conf(5).
1816 The wireless drivers had undergone changes that remove the 'parent
1817 interface' from the ifconfig -l output. The rc.d network scripts
1818 used to check presence of a parent interface in the list, so old
1819 scripts would fail to start wireless networking. Thus, etcupdate(3)
1820 or mergemaster(8) run is required after kernel update, to update your
1821 rc.d scripts in /etc.
1824 pf no longer supports 'scrub fragment crop' or 'scrub fragment drop-ovl'
1825 These configurations are now automatically interpreted as
1826 'scrub fragment reassemble'.
1829 Kernel-loadable modules for the random(4) device are back. To use
1830 them, the kernel must have
1833 options RANDOM_LOADABLE
1835 kldload(8) can then be used to load random_fortuna.ko
1836 or random_yarrow.ko. Please note that due to the indirect
1837 function calls that the loadable modules need to provide,
1838 the build-in variants will be slightly more efficient.
1840 The random(4) kernel option RANDOM_DUMMY has been retired due to
1841 unpopularity. It was not all that useful anyway.
1844 The WITHOUT_ELFTOOLCHAIN_TOOLS src.conf(5) knob has been retired.
1845 Control over building the ELF Tool Chain tools is now provided by
1846 the WITHOUT_TOOLCHAIN knob.
1849 The polarity of Pulse Per Second (PPS) capture events with the
1850 uart(4) driver has been corrected. Prior to this change the PPS
1851 "assert" event corresponded to the trailing edge of a positive PPS
1852 pulse and the "clear" event was the leading edge of the next pulse.
1854 As the width of a PPS pulse in a typical GPS receiver is on the
1855 order of 1 millisecond, most users will not notice any significant
1856 difference with this change.
1858 Anyone who has compensated for the historical polarity reversal by
1859 configuring a negative offset equal to the pulse width will need to
1860 remove that workaround.
1863 The default group assigned to /dev/dri entries has been changed
1864 from 'wheel' to 'video' with the id of '44'. If you want to have
1865 access to the dri devices please add yourself to the video group
1868 # pw groupmod video -m $USER
1871 The menu.rc and loader.rc files will now be replaced during
1872 upgrades. Please migrate local changes to menu.rc.local and
1873 loader.rc.local instead.
1876 GNU Binutils versions of addr2line, c++filt, nm, readelf, size,
1877 strings and strip have been removed. The src.conf(5) knob
1878 WITHOUT_ELFTOOLCHAIN_TOOLS no longer provides the binutils tools.
1881 As ZFS requires more kernel stack pages than is the default on some
1882 architectures e.g. i386, it now warns if KSTACK_PAGES is less than
1883 ZFS_MIN_KSTACK_PAGES (which is 4 at the time of writing).
1885 Please consider using 'options KSTACK_PAGES=X' where X is greater
1886 than or equal to ZFS_MIN_KSTACK_PAGES i.e. 4 in such configurations.
1889 sendmail has been updated to 8.15.2. Starting with FreeBSD 11.0
1890 and sendmail 8.15, sendmail uses uncompressed IPv6 addresses by
1891 default, i.e., they will not contain "::". For example, instead
1892 of ::1, it will be 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1. This permits a zero subnet
1893 to have a more specific match, such as different map entries for
1894 IPv6:0:0 vs IPv6:0. This change requires that configuration
1895 data (including maps, files, classes, custom ruleset, etc.) must
1896 use the same format, so make certain such configuration data is
1897 upgrading. As a very simple check search for patterns like
1898 'IPv6:[0-9a-fA-F:]*::' and 'IPv6::'. To return to the old
1899 behavior, set the m4 option confUSE_COMPRESSED_IPV6_ADDRESSES or
1900 the cf option UseCompressedIPv6Addresses.
1903 The default kernel entropy-processing algorithm is now
1904 Fortuna, replacing Yarrow.
1906 Assuming you have 'device random' in your kernel config
1907 file, the configurations allow a kernel option to override
1908 this default. You may choose *ONE* of:
1910 options RANDOM_YARROW # Legacy /dev/random algorithm.
1911 options RANDOM_DUMMY # Blocking-only driver.
1913 If you have neither, you get Fortuna. For most people,
1914 read no further, Fortuna will give a /dev/random that works
1915 like it always used to, and the difference will be irrelevant.
1917 If you remove 'device random', you get *NO* kernel-processed
1918 entropy at all. This may be acceptable to folks building
1919 embedded systems, but has complications. Carry on reading,
1920 and it is assumed you know what you need.
1922 *PLEASE* read random(4) and random(9) if you are in the
1923 habit of tweaking kernel configs, and/or if you are a member
1924 of the embedded community, wanting specific and not-usual
1925 behaviour from your security subsystems.
1927 NOTE!! If you use RANDOM_DUMMY and/or have no 'device
1928 random', you will NOT have a functioning /dev/random, and
1929 many cryptographic features will not work, including SSH.
1930 You may also find strange behaviour from the random(3) set
1931 of library functions, in particular sranddev(3), srandomdev(3)
1932 and arc4random(3). The reason for this is that the KERN_ARND
1933 sysctl only returns entropy if it thinks it has some to
1934 share, and with RANDOM_DUMMY or no 'device random' this
1938 An additional fix for the issue described in the 20150614 sendmail
1939 entry below has been committed in revision 284717.
1942 FreeBSD's old make (fmake) has been removed from the system. It is
1943 available as the devel/fmake port or via pkg install fmake.
1946 The fix for the issue described in the 20150614 sendmail entry
1947 below has been committed in revision 284436. The work
1948 around described in that entry is no longer needed unless the
1949 default setting is overridden by a confDH_PARAMETERS configuration
1950 setting of '5' or pointing to a 512 bit DH parameter file.
1953 ALLOW_DEPRECATED_ATF_TOOLS/ATFFILE support has been removed from
1954 atf.test.mk (included from bsd.test.mk). Please upgrade devel/atf
1955 and devel/kyua to version 0.20+ and adjust any calling code to work
1956 with Kyuafile and kyua.
1959 The import of openssl to address the FreeBSD-SA-15:10.openssl
1960 security advisory includes a change which rejects handshakes
1961 with DH parameters below 768 bits. sendmail releases prior
1962 to 8.15.2 (not yet released), defaulted to a 512 bit
1963 DH parameter setting for client connections. To work around
1964 this interoperability, sendmail can be configured to use a
1965 2048 bit DH parameter by:
1967 1. Edit /etc/mail/`hostname`.mc
1968 2. If a setting for confDH_PARAMETERS does not exist or
1969 exists and is set to a string beginning with '5',
1970 replace it with '2'.
1971 3. If a setting for confDH_PARAMETERS exists and is set to
1972 a file path, create a new file with:
1973 openssl dhparam -out /path/to/file 2048
1974 4. Rebuild the .cf file:
1975 cd /etc/mail/; make; make install
1976 5. Restart sendmail:
1977 cd /etc/mail/; make restart
1979 A sendmail patch is coming, at which time this file will be
1983 Generation of legacy formatted entries have been disabled by default
1984 in pwd_mkdb(8), as all base system consumers of the legacy formatted
1985 entries were converted to use the new format by default when the new,
1986 machine independent format have been added and supported since FreeBSD
1989 Please see the pwd_mkdb(8) manual page for further details.
1992 Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.6.1 release. Please see the
1993 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites and upgrading,
1994 if you are not already using 3.5.0 or higher.
1997 TI platform code switched to using vendor DTS files and this update
1998 may break existing systems running on Beaglebone, Beaglebone Black,
2001 - dtb files should be regenerated/reinstalled. Filenames are the
2002 same but content is different now
2003 - GPIO addressing was changed, now each GPIO bank (32 pins per bank)
2004 has its own /dev/gpiocX device, e.g. pin 121 on /dev/gpioc0 in old
2005 addressing scheme is now pin 25 on /dev/gpioc3.
2006 - Pandaboard: /etc/ttys should be updated, serial console device is
2007 now /dev/ttyu2, not /dev/ttyu0
2010 soelim(1) from gnu/usr.bin/groff has been replaced by usr.bin/soelim.
2011 If you need the GNU extension from groff soelim(1), install groff
2012 from package: pkg install groff, or via ports: textproc/groff.
2015 chmod, chflags, chown and chgrp now affect symlinks in -R mode as
2016 defined in symlink(7); previously symlinks were silently ignored.
2019 The const qualifier has been removed from iconv(3) to comply with
2020 POSIX. The ports tree is aware of this from r384038 onwards.
2023 Libraries specified by LIBADD in Makefiles must have a corresponding
2024 DPADD_<lib> variable to ensure correct dependencies. This is now
2025 enforced in src.libnames.mk.
2028 From legacy ata(4) driver was removed support for SATA controllers
2029 supported by more functional drivers ahci(4), siis(4) and mvs(4).
2030 Kernel modules ataahci and ataadaptec were removed completely,
2031 replaced by ahci and mvs modules respectively.
2034 Clang, llvm and lldb have been upgraded to 3.6.0 release. Please see
2035 the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites and
2036 upgrading, if you are not already using 3.5.0 or higher.
2039 The 32-bit PowerPC kernel has been changed to a position-independent
2040 executable. This can only be booted with a version of loader(8)
2041 newer than January 31, 2015, so make sure to update both world and
2042 kernel before rebooting.
2045 If you are running a -CURRENT kernel since r273872 (Oct 30th, 2014),
2046 but before r278950, the RNG was not seeded properly. Immediately
2047 upgrade the kernel to r278950 or later and regenerate any keys (e.g.
2048 ssh keys or openssl keys) that were generated w/ a kernel from that
2049 range. This does not affect programs that directly used /dev/random
2050 or /dev/urandom. All userland uses of arc4random(3) are affected.
2053 The autofs(4) ABI was changed in order to restore binary compatibility
2054 with 10.1-RELEASE. The automountd(8) daemon needs to be rebuilt to work
2055 with the new kernel.
2058 The powerpc64 kernel has been changed to a position-independent
2059 executable. This can only be booted with a new version of loader(8),
2060 so make sure to update both world and kernel before rebooting.
2063 Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.5.1 release. This is a bugfix
2064 only release, no new features have been added. Please see the 20141231
2065 entry below for information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you
2066 are not already using 3.5.0.
2069 ELF tools addr2line, elfcopy (strip), nm, size, and strings are now
2070 taken from the ELF Tool Chain project rather than GNU binutils. They
2071 should be drop-in replacements, with the addition of arm64 support.
2072 The WITHOUT_ELFTOOLCHAIN_TOOLS= knob may be used to obtain the
2073 binutils tools, if necessary. See 20150805 for updated information.
2076 The default Unbound configuration now enables remote control
2077 using a local socket. Users who have already enabled the
2078 local_unbound service should regenerate their configuration
2079 by running "service local_unbound setup" as root.
2082 The GNU texinfo and GNU info pages have been removed.
2083 To be able to view GNU info pages please install texinfo from ports.
2086 Clang, llvm and lldb have been upgraded to 3.5.0 release.
2088 As of this release, a prerequisite for building clang, llvm and lldb is
2089 a C++11 capable compiler and C++11 standard library. This means that to
2090 be able to successfully build the cross-tools stage of buildworld, with
2091 clang as the bootstrap compiler, your system compiler or cross compiler
2092 should either be clang 3.3 or later, or gcc 4.8 or later, and your
2093 system C++ library should be libc++, or libdstdc++ from gcc 4.8 or
2096 On any standard FreeBSD 10.x or 11.x installation, where clang and
2097 libc++ are on by default (that is, on x86 or arm), this should work out
2100 On 9.x installations where clang is enabled by default, e.g. on x86 and
2101 powerpc, libc++ will not be enabled by default, so libc++ should be
2102 built (with clang) and installed first. If both clang and libc++ are
2103 missing, build clang first, then use it to build libc++.
2105 On 8.x and earlier installations, upgrade to 9.x first, and then follow
2106 the instructions for 9.x above.
2108 Sparc64 and mips users are unaffected, as they still use gcc 4.2.1 by
2109 default, and do not build clang.
2111 Many embedded systems are resource constrained, and will not be able to
2112 build clang in a reasonable time, or in some cases at all. In those
2113 cases, cross building bootable systems on amd64 is a workaround.
2115 This new version of clang introduces a number of new warnings, of which
2116 the following are most likely to appear:
2120 This warns in two cases, for both C and C++:
2121 * When the code is trying to take the absolute value of an unsigned
2122 quantity, which is effectively a no-op, and almost never what was
2123 intended. The code should be fixed, if at all possible. If you are
2124 sure that the unsigned quantity can be safely cast to signed, without
2125 loss of information or undefined behavior, you can add an explicit
2126 cast, or disable the warning.
2128 * When the code is trying to take an absolute value, but the called
2129 abs() variant is for the wrong type, which can lead to truncation.
2130 If you want to disable the warning instead of fixing the code, please
2131 make sure that truncation will not occur, or it might lead to unwanted
2134 -Wtautological-undefined-compare and
2135 -Wundefined-bool-conversion
2137 These warn when C++ code is trying to compare 'this' against NULL, while
2138 'this' should never be NULL in well-defined C++ code. However, there is
2139 some legacy (pre C++11) code out there, which actively abuses this
2140 feature, which was less strictly defined in previous C++ versions.
2142 Squid and openjdk do this, for example. The warning can be turned off
2143 for C++98 and earlier, but compiling the code in C++11 mode might result
2144 in unexpected behavior; for example, the parts of the program that are
2145 unreachable could be optimized away.
2148 The old NFS client and server (kernel options NFSCLIENT, NFSSERVER)
2149 kernel sources have been removed. The .h files remain, since some
2150 utilities include them. This will need to be fixed later.
2151 If "mount -t oldnfs ..." is attempted, it will fail.
2152 If the "-o" option on mountd(8), nfsd(8) or nfsstat(1) is used,
2153 the utilities will report errors.
2156 The handling of LOCAL_LIB_DIRS has been altered to skip addition of
2157 directories to top level SUBDIR variable when their parent
2158 directory is included in LOCAL_DIRS. Users with build systems with
2159 such hierarchies and without SUBDIR entries in the parent
2160 directory Makefiles should add them or add the directories to
2164 faith(4) and faithd(8) have been removed from the base system. Faith
2165 has been obsolete for a very long time.
2168 vt(4), the new console driver, is enabled by default. It brings
2169 support for Unicode and double-width characters, as well as
2170 support for UEFI and integration with the KMS kernel video
2173 You may need to update your console settings in /etc/rc.conf,
2174 most probably the keymap. During boot, /etc/rc.d/syscons will
2175 indicate what you need to do.
2177 vt(4) still has issues and lacks some features compared to
2178 syscons(4). See the wiki for up-to-date information:
2179 https://wiki.freebsd.org/Newcons
2181 If you want to keep using syscons(4), you can do so by adding
2182 the following line to /boot/loader.conf:
2186 pjdfstest has been integrated into kyua as an opt-in test suite.
2187 Please see share/doc/pjdfstest/README for more details on how to
2191 gperf has been removed from the base system for architectures
2192 that use clang. Ports that require gperf will obtain it from the
2196 pjdfstest has been moved from tools/regression/pjdfstest to
2200 At svn r271982, The default linux compat kernel ABI has been adjusted
2201 to 2.6.18 in support of the linux-c6 compat ports infrastructure
2202 update. If you wish to continue using the linux-f10 compat ports,
2203 add compat.linux.osrelease=2.6.16 to your local sysctl.conf. Users are
2204 encouraged to update their linux-compat packages to linux-c6 during
2205 their next update cycle.
2208 The ofwfb driver, used to provide a graphics console on PowerPC when
2209 using vt(4), no longer allows mmap() of all physical memory. This
2210 will prevent Xorg on PowerPC with some ATI graphics cards from
2211 initializing properly unless x11-servers/xorg-server is updated to
2215 The xdev targets have been converted to using TARGET and
2216 TARGET_ARCH instead of XDEV and XDEV_ARCH.
2219 The default unbound configuration has been modified to address
2220 issues with reverse lookups on networks that use private
2221 address ranges. If you use the local_unbound service, run
2222 "service local_unbound setup" as root to regenerate your
2223 configuration, then "service local_unbound reload" to load the
2227 The GNU texinfo and GNU info pages are not built and installed
2228 anymore, WITH_INFO knob has been added to allow to built and install
2230 UPDATE: see 20150102 entry on texinfo's removal
2233 The GNU readline library is now an INTERNALLIB - that is, it is
2234 statically linked into consumers (GDB and variants) in the base
2235 system, and the shared library is no longer installed. The
2236 devel/readline port is available for third party software that
2240 The Itanium architecture (ia64) has been removed from the list of
2241 known architectures. This is the first step in the removal of the
2245 Commit r268115 has added NFSv4.1 server support, merged from
2246 projects/nfsv4.1-server. Since this includes changes to the
2247 internal interfaces between the NFS related modules, a full
2248 build of the kernel and modules will be necessary.
2249 __FreeBSD_version has been bumped.
2252 The WITHOUT_VT_SUPPORT kernel config knob has been renamed
2253 WITHOUT_VT. (The other _SUPPORT knobs have a consistent meaning
2254 which differs from the behaviour controlled by this knob.)
2257 Maximal length of the serial number in CTL was increased from 16 to
2258 64 chars, that breaks ABI. All CTL-related tools, such as ctladm
2259 and ctld, need to be rebuilt to work with a new kernel.
2262 The libatf-c and libatf-c++ major versions were downgraded to 0 and
2263 1 respectively to match the upstream numbers. They were out of
2264 sync because, when they were originally added to FreeBSD, the
2265 upstream versions were not respected. These libraries are private
2266 and not yet built by default, so renumbering them should be a
2267 non-issue. However, unclean source trees will yield broken test
2268 programs once the operator executes "make delete-old-libs" after a
2269 "make installworld".
2271 Additionally, the atf-sh binary was made private by moving it into
2272 /usr/libexec/. Already-built shell test programs will keep the
2273 path to the old binary so they will break after "make delete-old"
2276 If you are using WITH_TESTS=yes (not the default), wipe the object
2277 tree and rebuild from scratch to prevent spurious test failures.
2278 This is only needed once: the misnumbered libraries and misplaced
2279 binaries have been added to OptionalObsoleteFiles.inc so they will
2280 be removed during a clean upgrade.
2283 Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.4.1 release.
2286 We bogusly installed src.opts.mk in /usr/share/mk. This file should
2287 be removed to avoid issues in the future (and has been added to
2291 /etc/src.conf now affects only builds of the FreeBSD src tree. In the
2292 past, it affected all builds that used the bsd.*.mk files. The old
2293 behavior was a bug, but people may have relied upon it. To get this
2294 behavior back, you can .include /etc/src.conf from /etc/make.conf
2295 (which is still global and isn't changed). This also changes the
2296 behavior of incremental builds inside the tree of individual
2297 directories. Set MAKESYSPATH to ".../share/mk" to do that.
2298 Although this has survived make universe and some upgrade scenarios,
2299 other upgrade scenarios may have broken. At least one form of
2300 temporary breakage was fixed with MAKESYSPATH settings for buildworld
2301 as well... In cases where MAKESYSPATH isn't working with this
2302 setting, you'll need to set it to the full path to your tree.
2304 One side effect of all this cleaning up is that bsd.compiler.mk
2305 is no longer implicitly included by bsd.own.mk. If you wish to
2306 use COMPILER_TYPE, you must now explicitly include bsd.compiler.mk
2310 The lindev device has been removed since /dev/full has been made a
2311 standard device. __FreeBSD_version has been bumped.
2314 The knob WITHOUT_VI was added to the base system, which controls
2315 building ex(1), vi(1), etc. Older releases of FreeBSD required ex(1)
2316 in order to reorder files share/termcap and didn't build ex(1) as a
2317 build tool, so building/installing with WITH_VI is highly advised for
2318 build hosts for older releases.
2320 This issue has been fixed in stable/9 and stable/10 in r277022 and
2321 r276991, respectively.
2324 The YES_HESIOD knob has been removed. It has been obsolete for
2325 a decade. Please move to using WITH_HESIOD instead or your builds
2326 will silently lack HESIOD.
2329 The uart(4) driver has been changed with respect to its handling
2330 of the low-level console. Previously the uart(4) driver prevented
2331 any process from changing the baudrate or the CLOCAL and HUPCL
2332 control flags. By removing the restrictions, operators can make
2333 changes to the serial console port without having to reboot.
2334 However, when getty(8) is started on the serial device that is
2335 associated with the low-level console, a misconfigured terminal
2336 line in /etc/ttys will now have a real impact.
2337 Before upgrading the kernel, make sure that /etc/ttys has the
2338 serial console device configured as 3wire without baudrate to
2339 preserve the previous behaviour. E.g:
2340 ttyu0 "/usr/libexec/getty 3wire" vt100 on secure
2343 Support for libwrap (TCP wrappers) in rpcbind was disabled by default
2344 to improve performance. To re-enable it, if needed, run rpcbind
2345 with command line option -W.
2348 Switched back to the GPL dtc compiler due to updates in the upstream
2349 dts files not being supported by the BSDL dtc compiler. You will need
2350 to rebuild your kernel toolchain to pick up the new compiler. Core dumps
2351 may result while building dtb files during a kernel build if you fail
2352 to do so. Set WITHOUT_GPL_DTC if you require the BSDL compiler.
2355 Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.4 release.
2358 The nve(4) driver has been removed. Please use the nfe(4) driver
2359 for NVIDIA nForce MCP Ethernet adapters instead.
2362 An ABI incompatibility crept into the libc++ 3.4 import in r261283.
2363 This could cause certain C++ applications using shared libraries built
2364 against the previous version of libc++ to crash. The incompatibility
2365 has now been fixed, but any C++ applications or shared libraries built
2366 between r261283 and r261801 should be recompiled.
2369 OpenSSH will now ignore errors caused by kernel lacking of Capsicum
2370 capability mode support. Please note that enabling the feature in
2371 kernel is still highly recommended.
2374 OpenSSH is now built with sandbox support, and will use sandbox as
2375 the default privilege separation method. This requires Capsicum
2376 capability mode support in kernel.
2379 The libelf and libdwarf libraries have been updated to newer
2380 versions from upstream. Shared library version numbers for
2381 these two libraries were bumped. Any ports or binaries
2382 requiring these two libraries should be recompiled.
2383 __FreeBSD_version is bumped to 1100006.
2386 If a Makefile in a tests/ directory was auto-generating a Kyuafile
2387 instead of providing an explicit one, this would prevent such
2388 Makefile from providing its own Kyuafile in the future during
2389 NO_CLEAN builds. This has been fixed in the Makefiles but manual
2390 intervention is needed to clean an objdir if you use NO_CLEAN:
2391 # find /usr/obj -name Kyuafile | xargs rm -f
2394 The behavior of gss_pseudo_random() for the krb5 mechanism
2395 has changed, for applications requesting a longer random string
2396 than produced by the underlying enctype's pseudo-random() function.
2397 In particular, the random string produced from a session key of
2398 enctype aes256-cts-hmac-sha1-96 or aes256-cts-hmac-sha1-96 will
2399 be different at the 17th octet and later, after this change.
2400 The counter used in the PRF+ construction is now encoded as a
2401 big-endian integer in accordance with RFC 4402.
2402 __FreeBSD_version is bumped to 1100004.
2405 The WITHOUT_ATF build knob has been removed and its functionality
2406 has been subsumed into the more generic WITHOUT_TESTS. If you were
2407 using the former to disable the build of the ATF libraries, you
2408 should change your settings to use the latter.
2411 The default version of mtree is nmtree which is obtained from
2412 NetBSD. The output is generally the same, but may vary
2413 slightly. If you found you need identical output adding
2414 "-F freebsd9" to the command line should do the trick. For the
2415 time being, the old mtree is available as fmtree.
2418 libbsdyml has been renamed to libyaml and moved to /usr/lib/private.
2419 This will break ports-mgmt/pkg. Rebuild the port, or upgrade to pkg
2420 1.1.4_8 and verify bsdyml not linked in, before running "make
2422 # make -C /usr/ports/ports-mgmt/pkg build deinstall install clean
2424 # pkg install pkg; ldd /usr/local/sbin/pkg | grep bsdyml
2427 The stable/10 branch has been created in subversion from head
2434 Sometimes, obscure build problems are the result of environment
2435 poisoning. This can happen because the make utility reads its
2436 environment when searching for values for global variables. To run
2437 your build attempts in an "environmental clean room", prefix all make
2438 commands with 'env -i '. See the env(1) manual page for more details.
2439 Occasionally a build failure will occur with "make -j" due to a race
2440 condition. If this happens try building again without -j, and please
2441 report a bug if it happens consistently.
2443 When upgrading from one major version to another it is generally best to
2444 upgrade to the latest code in the currently installed branch first, then
2445 do an upgrade to the new branch. This is the best-tested upgrade path,
2446 and has the highest probability of being successful. Please try this
2447 approach if you encounter problems with a major version upgrade. Since
2448 the stable 4.x branch point, one has generally been able to upgrade from
2449 anywhere in the most recent stable branch to head / current (or even the
2450 last couple of stable branches). See the top of this file when there's
2453 The update process will emit an error on an attempt to perform a build
2454 or install from a FreeBSD version below the earliest supported version.
2455 When updating from an older version the update should be performed one
2456 major release at a time, including running `make delete-old` at each
2459 When upgrading a live system, having a root shell around before
2460 installing anything can help undo problems. Not having a root shell
2461 around can lead to problems if pam has changed too much from your
2462 starting point to allow continued authentication after the upgrade.
2464 This file should be read as a log of events. When a later event changes
2465 information of a prior event, the prior event should not be deleted.
2466 Instead, a pointer to the entry with the new information should be
2467 placed in the old entry. Readers of this file should also sanity check
2468 older entries before relying on them blindly. Authors of new entries
2469 should write them with this in mind.
2473 When upgrading the boot ZFS pool to a new version, always follow
2476 1.) recompile and reinstall the ZFS boot loader and boot block
2477 (this is part of "make buildworld" and "make installworld")
2479 2.) update the ZFS boot block on your boot drive
2481 The following example updates the ZFS boot block on the
2482 freebsd-boot partition of a GPT partitioned drive ada0:
2483 "gpart bootcode -p /boot/gptzfsboot -i $N ada0"
2484 The value $N will typically be 1 (if booting from BIOS) or 2 (if
2487 Non-boot pools do not need these updates.
2491 If you are updating from a prior version of FreeBSD (even one just
2492 a few days old), you should follow this procedure. It is the most
2493 failsafe as it uses a /usr/obj tree with a fresh mini-buildworld,
2495 make kernel-toolchain
2496 make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2497 make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2499 To test a kernel once
2500 ---------------------
2501 If you just want to boot a kernel once (because you are not sure
2502 if it works, or if you want to boot a known bad kernel to provide
2503 debugging information) run
2504 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE KODIR=/boot/testkernel
2505 nextboot -k testkernel
2507 To rebuild everything and install it on the current system.
2508 -----------------------------------------------------------
2509 # Note: sometimes if you are running current you gotta do more than
2510 # is listed here if you are upgrading from a really old current.
2512 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
2514 make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2515 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2517 <reboot in single user> [3]
2524 To cross-install current onto a separate partition
2525 --------------------------------------------------
2526 # In this approach we use a separate partition to hold
2527 # current's root, 'usr', and 'var' directories. A partition
2528 # holding "/", "/usr" and "/var" should be about 2GB in
2531 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
2534 make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2535 <maybe newfs current's root partition>
2536 <mount current's root partition on directory ${CURRENT_ROOT}>
2537 make installworld DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} -DDB_FROM_SRC
2538 make distribution DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} # if newfs'd
2539 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT}
2540 cp /etc/fstab ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab # if newfs'd
2541 <edit ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab to mount "/" from the correct partition>
2542 <reboot into current>
2543 <do a "native" rebuild/install as described in the previous section>
2544 <maybe install compatibility libraries from ports/misc/compat*>
2548 To upgrade in-place from stable to current
2549 ----------------------------------------------
2550 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
2552 make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE [8]
2553 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2555 <reboot in single user> [3]
2562 Make sure that you've read the UPDATING file to understand the
2563 tweaks to various things you need. At this point in the life
2564 cycle of current, things change often and you are on your own
2565 to cope. The defaults can also change, so please read ALL of
2566 the UPDATING entries.
2568 Also, if you are tracking -current, you must be subscribed to
2569 freebsd-current@freebsd.org. Make sure that before you update
2570 your sources that you have read and understood all the recent
2571 messages there. If in doubt, please track -stable which has
2572 much fewer pitfalls.
2574 [1] If you have third party modules, such as vmware, you should disable
2575 them at this point so they don't crash your system on
2576 reboot. Alternatively, you should rebuild all the modules you have in
2577 your system and install them as well. If you are running -current, you
2578 should seriously consider placing all sources to all the modules for
2579 your system (or symlinks to them) in /usr/local/sys/modules so this
2580 happens automatically. If all your modules come from ports, then adding
2581 the port origin directories to PORTS_MODULES instead is also automatic
2583 PORTS_MODULES+=x11/nvidia-driver
2585 [3] From the bootblocks, boot -s, and then do
2589 sh /etc/rc.d/zfs start # mount zfs filesystem, if needed
2590 cd src # full path to source
2591 adjkerntz -i # if CMOS is wall time
2592 Also, when doing a major release upgrade, it is required that you boot
2593 into single user mode to do the installworld.
2595 [4] Note: This step is non-optional. Failure to do this step
2596 can result in a significant reduction in the functionality of the
2597 system. Attempting to do it by hand is not recommended and those
2598 that pursue this avenue should read this file carefully, as well
2599 as the archives of freebsd-current and freebsd-hackers mailing lists
2600 for potential gotchas. The -U option is also useful to consider.
2601 See mergemaster(8) for more information.
2603 [5] Usually this step is a no-op. However, from time to time
2604 you may need to do this if you get unknown user in the following
2605 step. It never hurts to do it all the time. You may need to
2606 install a new mergemaster (cd src/usr.sbin/mergemaster && make
2607 install) after the buildworld before this step if you last updated
2608 from current before 20130425 or from -stable before 20130430.
2610 [6] This only deletes old files and directories. Old libraries
2611 can be deleted by "make delete-old-libs", but you have to make
2612 sure that no program is using those libraries anymore.
2614 [8] The new kernel must be able to run existing binaries used by an
2615 installworld. When upgrading across major versions, the new kernel's
2616 configuration must include the correct COMPAT_FREEBSD<n> option for
2617 existing binaries (e.g. COMPAT_FREEBSD11 to run 11.x binaries). Failure
2618 to do so may leave you with a system that is hard to boot to recover. A
2619 GENERIC kernel will include suitable compatibility options to run
2620 binaries from older branches. Note that the ability to run binaries
2621 from unsupported branches is not guaranteed.
2623 Make sure that you merge any new devices from GENERIC since the
2624 last time you updated your kernel config file. Options also
2625 change over time, so you may need to adjust your custom kernels
2628 [9] If CPUTYPE is defined in your /etc/make.conf, make sure to use the
2629 "?=" instead of the "=" assignment operator, so that buildworld can
2630 override the CPUTYPE if it needs to.
2632 MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX must be defined in an environment variable, and
2633 not on the command line, or in /etc/make.conf. buildworld will
2634 warn if it is improperly defined.
2637 This file contains a list, in reverse chronological order, of major
2638 breakages in tracking -current. It is not guaranteed to be a complete
2639 list of such breakages, and only contains entries since September 23, 2011.
2640 If you need to see UPDATING entries from before that date, you will need
2641 to fetch an UPDATING file from an older FreeBSD release.
2643 Copyright information:
2645 Copyright 1998-2009 M. Warner Losh <imp@FreeBSD.org>
2647 Redistribution, publication, translation and use, with or without
2648 modification, in full or in part, in any form or format of this
2649 document are permitted without further permission from the author.
2651 THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED BY WARNER LOSH ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
2652 IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
2653 WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
2654 DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL WARNER LOSH BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT,
2655 INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
2656 (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
2657 SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
2658 HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT,
2659 STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING
2660 IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
2661 POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
2663 Contact Warner Losh if you have any questions about your use of