1 Updating Information for FreeBSD current users.
3 This file is maintained and copyrighted by M. Warner Losh <imp@freebsd.org>.
4 See end of file for further details. For commonly done items, please see the
5 COMMON ITEMS: section later in the file. These instructions assume that you
6 basically know what you are doing. If not, then please consult the FreeBSD
9 https://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/makeworld.html
11 Items affecting the ports and packages system can be found in
12 /usr/ports/UPDATING. Please read that file before running portupgrade.
14 NOTE TO PEOPLE WHO THINK THAT FreeBSD 13.x IS SLOW:
15 FreeBSD 13.x has many debugging features turned on, in both the kernel
16 and userland. These features attempt to detect incorrect use of
17 system primitives, and encourage loud failure through extra sanity
18 checking and fail stop semantics. They also substantially impact
19 system performance. If you want to do performance measurement,
20 benchmarking, and optimization, you'll want to turn them off. This
21 includes various WITNESS- related kernel options, INVARIANTS, malloc
22 debugging flags in userland, and various verbose features in the
23 kernel. Many developers choose to disable these features on build
24 machines to maximize performance. (To completely disable malloc
25 debugging, define MALLOC_PRODUCTION in /etc/make.conf, or to merely
26 disable the most expensive debugging functionality run
27 "ln -s 'abort:false,junk:false' /etc/malloc.conf".)
30 r362639 changed the internal API used between the NFS kernel modules.
31 As such, they all need to be rebuilt from sources.
34 r362158 changed the arguments for VFS_CHECKEXP(). As such, any
35 out of tree file systems need to be modified and rebuilt.
36 Also, any file systems that are modules must be rebuilt.
39 read(2) of a directory fd is now rejected by default. root may
40 re-enable it for system root only on non-ZFS filesystems with the
41 security.bsd.allow_read_dir sysctl(8) MIB if
42 security.bsd.suser_enabled=1.
44 It may be advised to setup aliases for grep to default to `-d skip` if
45 commonly non-recursively grepping a list that includes directories and
46 the potential for the resulting stderr output is not tolerable. Example
47 aliases are now installed, commented out, in /root/.cshrc and
51 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
52 been upgraded to 10.0.1. Please see the 20141231 entry below for
53 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
54 using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
57 Support for obsolete compilers has been removed from the build system.
58 Clang 6 and GCC 6.4 are the minimum supported versions.
61 closefrom(2) has been moved under COMPAT12, and replaced in libc with a
62 stub that calls close_range(2). If using a custom kernel configuration,
63 you may want to ensure that the COMPAT_FREEBSD12 option is included, as
64 a slightly older -CURRENT userland and older FreeBSD userlands may not
65 be functional without closefrom(2).
68 Upstream DTS from Linux 5.6 was merged and they now have the SID
69 and THS (Secure ID controller and THermal Sensor) node present.
70 The DTB overlays have now been removed from the tree for the H3/H5 and
71 A64 SoCs and the aw_sid and aw_thermal driver have been updated to
72 deal with upstream DTS. If you are using those overlays you need to
73 remove them from loader.conf and update the DTBs on the FAT partition.
76 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
77 been upgraded to 10.0.0. Please see the 20141231 entry below for
78 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
79 using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
82 The amd(8) automount daemon has been removed from the source tree.
83 As of FreeBSD 10.1 autofs(5) is the preferred tool for automounting.
84 amd is still available in the sysutils/am-utils port.
87 Removed brooktree driver (bktr.4) from the tree.
90 The WITH_GPL_DTC option has been removed. The BSD-licenced device tree
91 compiler in usr.bin/dtc is used on all architectures which use dtc, and
92 the GPL dtc is available (if needed) from the sysutils/dtc port.
95 The WITHOUT_LLVM_LIBUNWIND option has been removed. LLVM's libunwind
96 is used by all supported CPU architectures.
99 GCC 4.2.1 has been removed from the tree. The WITH_GCC,
100 WITH_GCC_BOOTSTRAP, and WITH_GNUCXX options are no longer available.
101 Users who wish to build FreeBSD with GCC must use the external toolchain
105 ncurses has been updated to a newer version (6.2-20200215). Given the ABI
106 has changed, users will have to rebuild all the ports that are linked to
110 The size of struct vnet and the magic cookie have changed.
111 Users need to recompile libkvm and all modules using VIMAGE
112 together with their new kernel.
115 Defining the long deprecated NO_CTF, NO_DEBUG_FILES, NO_INSTALLLIB,
116 NO_MAN, NO_PROFILE, and NO_WARNS variables is now an error. Update
117 your Makefiles and scripts to define MK_<var>=no instead as required.
119 One exception to this is that program or library Makefiles should
120 define MAN to empty rather than setting MK_MAN=no.
123 Clang/LLVM is now the default compiler and LLD the default
127 make universe no longer uses GCC 4.2.1 on any architectures.
128 Architectures not supported by in-tree Clang/LLVM require an
129 external toolchain package.
132 GCC 4.2.1 is now not built by default, as part of the GCC 4.2.1
133 retirement plan. Specifically, the GCC, GCC_BOOTSTRAP, and GNUCXX
134 options default to off for all supported CPU architectures. As a
135 short-term transition aid they may be enabled via WITH_* options.
136 GCC 4.2.1 is expected to be removed from the tree on 2020-03-31.
139 Support for armv5 has been disconnected and is being removed. The
140 machine combination MACHINE=arm MACHINE_ARCH=arm is no longer valid.
141 You must now use a MACHINE_ARCH of armv6 or armv7. The default
142 MACHINE_ARCH for MACHINE=arm is now armv7.
145 Clang/LLVM is now the default compiler for all powerpc architectures.
146 LLD is now the default linker for powerpc64. The change for powerpc64
147 also includes a change to the ELFv2 ABI, incompatible with the existing
151 Kernel-loadable random(4) modules are no longer unloadable.
154 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
155 been upgraded to 9.0.1. Please see the 20141231 entry below for
156 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
157 using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
160 r355677 has modified the internal interface used between the
161 NFS modules in the kernel. As such, they must all be upgraded
162 simultaneously. I will do a version bump for this.
165 The root certificates of the Mozilla CA Certificate Store have been
166 imported into the base system and can be managed with the certctl(8)
167 utility. If you have installed the security/ca_root_nss port or package
168 with the ETCSYMLINK option (the default), be advised that there may be
169 differences between those included in the port and those included in
170 base due to differences in nss branch used as well as general update
171 frequency. Note also that certctl(8) cannot manage certs in the
172 format used by the security/ca_root_nss port.
175 The amd(8) automount daemon has been disabled by default, and will be
176 removed in the future. As of FreeBSD 10.1 the autofs(5) is available
180 The nctgpio and wbwd drivers have been moved to the superio bus.
181 If you have one of these drivers in a kernel configuration, then
182 you should add device superio to it. If you use one of these drivers
183 as a module and you compile a custom set of modules, then you should
184 add superio to the set.
187 KPIs for network drivers to access interface addresses have changed.
188 Users need to recompile NIC driver modules together with kernel.
191 The net.link.tap.user_open sysctl no longer prevents user opening of
192 already created /dev/tapNN devices. Access is still controlled by
193 node permissions, just like tun devices. The net.link.tap.user_open
194 sysctl is now used only to allow users to perform devfs cloning of
195 tap devices, and the subsequent open may not succeed if the user is not
196 in the appropriate group. This sysctl may be deprecated/removed
197 completely in the future.
200 mips, powerpc, and sparc64 are no longer built as part of
201 universe / tinderbox unless MAKE_OBSOLETE_GCC is defined. If
202 not defined, mips, powerpc, and sparc64 builds will look for
203 the xtoolchain binaries and if installed use them for universe
204 builds. As llvm 9.0 becomes vetted for these architectures, they
205 will be removed from the list.
208 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
209 been upgraded to 9.0.0. Please see the 20141231 entry below for
210 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
211 using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
214 The hpt27xx, hptmv, hptnr, and hptrr drivers have been removed from
215 GENERIC. They are available as modules and can be loaded by adding
216 to /boot/loader.conf hpt27xx_load="YES", hptmv_load="YES",
217 hptnr_load="YES", or hptrr_load="YES", respectively.
220 ntpd no longer by default locks its pages in memory, allowing them
221 to be paged out by the kernel. Use rlimit memlock to restore
222 historic BSD behaviour. For example, add "rlimit memlock 32"
223 to ntp.conf to lock up to 32 MB of ntpd address space in memory.
226 Several of ping6's options have been renamed for better consistency
227 with ping. If you use any of -ARWXaghmrtwx, you must update your
228 scripts. See ping6(8) for details.
231 The vfs.fusefs.sync_unmount and vfs.fusefs.init_backgrounded sysctls
232 and the "-o sync_unmount" and "-o init_backgrounded" mount options have
233 been removed from mount_fusefs(8). You can safely remove them from
234 your scripts, because they had no effect.
236 The vfs.fusefs.fix_broken_io, vfs.fusefs.sync_resize,
237 vfs.fusefs.refresh_size, vfs.fusefs.mmap_enable,
238 vfs.fusefs.reclaim_revoked, and vfs.fusefs.data_cache_invalidate
239 sysctls have been removed. If you felt the need to set any of them to
240 a non-default value, please tell asomers@FreeBSD.org why.
243 Default permissions on the /var/account/acct file (and copies of it
244 rotated by periodic daily scripts) are changed from 0644 to 0640
245 because the file contains sensitive information that should not be
246 world-readable. If the /var/account directory must be created by
247 rc.d/accounting, the mode used is now 0750. Admins who use the
248 accounting feature are encouraged to change the mode of an existing
249 /var/account directory to 0750 or 0700.
252 Entropy collection and the /dev/random device are no longer optional
253 components. The "device random" option has been removed.
254 Implementations of distilling algorithms can still be made loadable
255 with "options RANDOM_LOADABLE" (e.g., random_fortuna.ko).
258 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
259 been upgraded to 8.0.1. Please see the 20141231 entry below for
260 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
261 using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
264 A fix was applied to i386 kernel modules to avoid panics with
265 dpcpu or vnet. Users need to recompile i386 kernel modules
266 having pcpu or vnet sections or they will refuse to load.
269 User-wired pages now have their own counter,
270 vm.stats.vm.v_user_wire_count. The vm.max_wired sysctl was renamed
271 to vm.max_user_wired and changed from an unsigned int to an unsigned
272 long. bhyve VMs wired with the -S are now subject to the user
273 wiring limit; the vm.max_user_wired sysctl may need to be tuned to
274 avoid running into the limit.
277 The IPSEC option has been removed from GENERIC. Users requiring
278 ipsec(4) must now load the ipsec(4) kernel module.
281 The tap(4) driver has been folded into tun(4), and the module has been
282 renamed to tuntap. You should update any kld_list="if_tap" or
283 kld_list="if_tun" entries in /etc/rc.conf, if_tap_load="YES" or
284 if_tun_load="YES" entries in /boot/loader.conf to load the if_tuntap
285 module instead, and "device tap" or "device tun" entries in kernel
286 config files to select the tuntap device instead.
289 The following knobs have been added related to tradeoffs between
290 safe use of the random device and availability in the absence of
293 kern.random.initial_seeding.bypass_before_seeding: tunable; set
294 non-zero to bypass the random device prior to seeding, or zero to
295 block random requests until the random device is initially seeded.
296 For now, set to 1 (unsafe) by default to restore pre-r346250 boot
297 availability properties.
299 kern.random.initial_seeding.read_random_bypassed_before_seeding:
300 read-only diagnostic sysctl that is set when bypass is enabled and
301 read_random(9) is bypassed, to enable programmatic handling of this
302 initial condition, if desired.
304 kern.random.initial_seeding.arc4random_bypassed_before_seeding:
305 Similar to the above, but for for arc4random(9) initial seeding.
307 kern.random.initial_seeding.disable_bypass_warnings: tunable; set
308 non-zero to disable warnings in dmesg when the same conditions are
309 met as for the diagnostic sysctls above. Defaults to zero, i.e.,
310 produce warnings in dmesg when the conditions are met.
313 The loadable random module KPI has changed; the random_infra_init()
314 routine now requires a 3rd function pointer for a bool (*)(void)
315 method that returns true if the random device is seeded (and
316 therefore unblocked).
319 r345895 reverts r320698. This implies that an nfsuserd(8) daemon
320 built from head sources between r320757 (July 6, 2017) and
321 r338192 (Aug. 22, 2018) will not work unless the "-use-udpsock"
322 is added to the command line.
323 nfsuserd daemons built from head sources that are post-r338192 are
324 not affected and should continue to work.
327 The fuse(4) module has been renamed to fusefs(4) for consistency with
328 other filesystems. You should update any kld_load="fuse" entries in
329 /etc/rc.conf, fuse_load="YES" entries in /boot/loader.conf, and
330 "options FUSE" entries in kernel config files.
333 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
334 8.0.0. Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
335 prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
339 geom_uzip(4) depends on the new module xz. If geom_uzip is statically
340 compiled into your custom kernel, add 'device xz' statement to the
344 drm and drm2 have been removed from the tree. Please see
345 https://wiki.freebsd.org/Graphics for the latest information on
346 migrating to the drm ports.
349 Iflib is no longer unconditionally compiled into the kernel. Drivers
350 using iflib and statically compiled into the kernel, now require
351 the 'device iflib' config option. For the same drivers loaded as
352 modules on kernels not having 'device iflib', the iflib.ko module
353 is loaded automatically.
356 The IEEE80211_AMPDU_AGE and AH_SUPPORT_AR5416 kernel configuration
357 options no longer exist since r343219 and r343427 respectively;
358 nothing uses them, so they should be just removed from custom
362 r342635 changes the way efibootmgr(8) works by requiring users to add
363 the -b (bootnum) parameter for commands where the bootnum was previously
364 specified with each option. For example 'efibootmgr -B 0001' is now
365 'efibootmgr -B -b 0001'.
368 r342286 modifies the NFSv4 server so that it obeys vfs.nfsd.nfs_privport
369 in the same as it is applied to NFSv2 and 3. This implies that NFSv4
370 servers that have vfs.nfsd.nfs_privport set will only allow mounts
371 from clients using a reserved port#. Since both the FreeBSD and Linux
372 NFSv4 clients use reserved port#s by default, this should not affect
376 The XLP config has been removed. We can't support 64-bit atomics in this
377 kernel because it is running in 32-bit mode. XLP users must transition
378 to running a 64-bit kernel (XLP64 or XLPN32).
380 The mips GXEMUL support has been removed from FreeBSD. MALTA* + qemu is
381 the preferred emulator today and we don't need two different ones.
383 The old sibyte / swarm / Broadcom BCM1250 support has been
384 removed from the mips port.
387 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
388 7.0.1. Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
389 prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
393 Remove the timed and netdate programs from the base tree. Setting
394 the time with these daemons has been obsolete for over a decade.
397 On amd64, arm64 and armv7 (architectures that install LLVM's ld.lld
398 linker as /usr/bin/ld) GNU ld is no longer installed as ld.bfd, as
399 it produces broken binaries when ifuncs are in use. Users needing
400 GNU ld should install the binutils port or package.
403 The BSD crtbegin and crtend code has been enabled by default. It has
404 had extensive testing on amd64, arm64, and i386. It can be disabled
405 by building a world with -DWITHOUT_BSD_CRTBEGIN.
408 The set of CTM commands (ctm, ctm_smail, ctm_rmail, ctm_dequeue)
409 has been converted to a port (misc/ctm) and will be removed from
410 FreeBSD-13. It is available as a package (ctm) for all supported
414 The default newsyslog.conf(5) file has been changed to only include
415 files in /etc/newsyslog.conf.d/ and /usr/local/etc/newsyslog.conf.d/ if
416 the filenames end in '.conf' and do not begin with a '.'.
418 You should check the configuration files in these two directories match
419 this naming convention. You can verify which configuration files are
420 being included using the command:
424 Ports for the DRM modules have been simplified. Now, amd64 users should
425 just install the drm-kmod port. All others should install
428 Graphics hardware that's newer than about 2010 usually works with
429 drm-kmod. For hardware older than 2013, however, some users will need
430 to use drm-legacy-kmod if drm-kmod doesn't work for them. Hardware older
431 than 2008 usually only works in drm-legacy-kmod. The graphics team can
432 only commit to hardware made since 2013 due to the complexity of the
433 market and difficulty to test all the older cards effectively. If you
434 have hardware supported by drm-kmod, you are strongly encouraged to use
435 that as you will get better support.
437 Other than KPI chasing, drm-legacy-kmod will not be updated. As outlined
438 elsewhere, the drm and drm2 modules will be eliminated from the src base
439 soon (with a limited exception for arm). Please update to the package
440 asap and report any issues to x11@freebsd.org.
442 Generally, anybody using the drm*-kmod packages should add
443 WITHOUT_DRM_MODULE=t and WITHOUT_DRM2_MODULE=t to avoid nasty
444 cross-threading surprises, especially with automatic driver
445 loading from X11 startup. These will become the defaults in 13-current
449 The ixlv(4) driver has been renamed to iavf(4). As a consequence,
450 custom kernel and module loading configuration files must be updated
451 accordingly. Moreover, interfaces previous presented as ixlvN to the
452 system are now exposed as iavfN and network configuration files must
453 be adjusted as necessary.
456 OpenSSL has been updated to version 1.1.1. This update included
457 additional various API changes throughout the base system. It is
458 important to rebuild third-party software after upgrading. The value
459 of __FreeBSD_version has been bumped accordingly.
462 The legacy DRM modules and drivers have now been added to the loader's
463 module blacklist, in favor of loading them with kld_list in rc.conf(5).
464 The module blacklist may be overridden with the loader.conf(5)
465 'module_blacklist' variable, but loading them via rc.conf(5) is strongly
469 The cam(4) based nda(4) driver will be used over nvd(4) by default on
470 powerpc64. You may set 'options NVME_USE_NVD=1' in your kernel conf or
471 loader tunable 'hw.nvme.use_nvd=1' if you wish to use the existing
472 driver. Make sure to edit /boot/etc/kboot.conf and fstab to use the
476 Reproducible build mode is now on by default, in preparation for
477 FreeBSD 12.0. This eliminates build metadata such as the user,
478 host, and time from the kernel (and uname), unless the working tree
479 corresponds to a modified checkout from a version control system.
480 The previous behavior can be obtained by setting the /etc/src.conf
481 knob WITHOUT_REPRODUCIBLE_BUILD.
484 The Yarrow CSPRNG has been removed from the kernel as it has not been
485 supported by its designers since at least 2003. Fortuna has been the
486 default since FreeBSD-11.
489 devctl freeze/thaw have gone into the tree, the rc scripts have been
490 updated to use them and devmatch has been changed. You should update
491 kernel, userland and rc scripts all at the same time.
494 The default interpreter has been switched from 4th to Lua.
495 LOADER_DEFAULT_INTERP, documented in build(7), will override the default
496 interpreter. If you have custom FORTH code you will need to set
497 LOADER_DEFAULT_INTERP=4th (valid values are 4th, lua or simp) in
498 src.conf for the build. This will create default hard links between
499 loader and loader_4th instead of loader and loader_lua, the new default.
500 If you are using UEFI it will create the proper hard link to loader.efi.
502 bhyve uses userboot.so. It remains 4th-only until some issues are solved
503 regarding coexisting with multiple versions of FreeBSD are resolved.
506 ls(1) now respects the COLORTERM environment variable used in other
507 systems and software to indicate that a colored terminal is both
508 supported and desired. If ls(1) is suddenly emitting colors, they may
509 be disabled again by either removing the unwanted COLORTERM from your
510 environment, or using `ls --color=never`. The ls(1) specific CLICOLOR
511 may not be observed in a future release.
514 The default pager for most commands has been changed to "less". To
515 restore the old behavior, set PAGER="more" and MANPAGER="more -s" in
519 The jedec_ts(4) driver has been removed. A superset of its functionality
520 is available in the jedec_dimm(4) driver, and the manpage for that
521 driver includes migration instructions. If you have "device jedec_ts"
522 in your kernel configuration file, it must be removed.
525 amd64/GENERIC now has EFI runtime services, EFIRT, enabled by default.
526 This should have no effect if the kernel is booted via BIOS/legacy boot.
527 EFIRT may be disabled via a loader tunable, efi.rt.disabled, if a system
528 has a buggy firmware that prevents a successful boot due to use of
532 Atmel AT91RM9200 and AT91SAM9, Cavium CNS 11xx and XScale
533 support has been removed from the tree. These ports were
534 obsolete and/or known to be broken for many years.
537 loader.efi has been augmented to participate more fully in the
538 UEFI boot manager protocol. loader.efi will now look at the
539 BootXXXX environment variable to determine if a specific kernel
540 or root partition was specified. XXXX is derived from BootCurrent.
541 efibootmgr(8) manages these standard UEFI variables.
544 zfsloader's functionality has now been folded into loader.
545 zfsloader is no longer necessary once you've updated your
546 boot blocks. For a transition period, we will install a
547 hardlink for zfsloader to loader to allow a smooth transition
548 until the boot blocks can be updated (hard link because old
549 zfs boot blocks don't understand symlinks).
552 ARM64 now have efifb support, if you want to have serial console
553 on your arm64 board when an screen is connected and the bootloader
554 setup a frame buffer for us to use, just add :
558 For Raspberry Pi 3 (RPI) users, this is needed even if you don't have
559 an screen connected as the firmware will setup a frame buffer are that
560 u-boot will expose as an EFI frame buffer.
563 New uid:gid added, ntpd:ntpd (123:123). Be sure to run mergemaster
564 or take steps to update /etc/passwd before doing installworld on
565 existing systems. Do not skip the "mergemaster -Fp" step before
566 installworld, as described in the update procedures near the bottom
567 of this document. Also, rc.d/ntpd now starts ntpd(8) as user ntpd
568 if the new mac_ntpd(4) policy is available, unless ntpd_flags or
569 the ntp config file contain options that change file/dir locations.
570 When such options (e.g., "statsdir" or "crypto") are used, ntpd can
571 still be run as non-root by setting ntpd_user=ntpd in rc.conf, after
572 taking steps to ensure that all required files/dirs are accessible
576 Big endian arm support has been removed.
579 The static environment setup in kernel configs is no longer mutually
580 exclusive with the loader(8) environment by default. In order to
581 restore the previous default behavior of disabling the loader(8)
582 environment if a static environment is present, you must specify
583 loader_env.disabled=1 in the static environment.
586 The ABI of syscalls used by management tools like sockstat and
587 netstat has been broken to allow 32-bit binaries to work on
588 64-bit kernels without modification. These programs will need
589 to match the kernel in order to function. External programs may
590 require minor modifications to accommodate a change of type in
591 structures from pointers to 64-bit virtual addresses.
594 On i386 and amd64 atomics are now inlined. Out of tree modules using
595 atomics will need to be rebuilt.
598 The '%I' format in the kern.corefile sysctl limits the number of
599 core files that a process can generate to the number stored in the
600 debug.ncores sysctl. The '%I' format is replaced by the single digit
601 index. Previously, if all indexes were taken the kernel would overwrite
602 only a core file with the highest index in a filename.
603 Currently the system will create a new core file if there is a free
604 index or if all slots are taken it will overwrite the oldest one.
607 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
608 6.0.1. Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
609 prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
613 r335753 introduced a new quoting method. However, etc/devd/devmatch.conf
614 needed to be changed to work with it. This change was made with r335763
615 and requires a mergemaster / etcupdate / etc to update the installed
619 r334930 changed the interface between the NFS modules, so they all
620 need to be rebuilt. r335018 did a __FreeBSD_version bump for this.
623 As of r334391 lld is the default amd64 system linker; it is installed
624 as /usr/bin/ld. Kernel build workarounds (see 20180510 entry) are no
628 The kernel / userland interface for devinfo changed, so you'll
629 need a new kernel and userland as a pair for it to work (rebuilding
630 lib/libdevinfo is all that's required). devinfo and devmatch will
631 not work, but everything else will when there's a mismatch.
634 The on-disk format for hwpmc callchain records has changed to include
635 threadid corresponding to a given record. This changes the field offsets
636 and thus requires that libpmcstat be rebuilt before using a kernel
640 The vxge(4) driver has been removed. This driver was introduced into
641 HEAD one week before the Exar left the Ethernet market and is not
642 known to be used. If you have device vxge in your kernel config file
646 The amd64 kernel now requires a ld that supports ifunc to produce a
647 working kernel, either lld or a newer binutils. lld is built by default
648 on amd64, and the 'buildkernel' target uses it automatically. However,
649 it is not the default linker, so building the kernel the traditional
650 way requires LD=ld.lld on the command line (or LD=/usr/local/bin/ld for
651 binutils port/package). lld will soon be default, and this requirement
654 NOTE: As of r334391 lld is the default system linker on amd64, and no
655 workaround is necessary.
658 The nxge(4) driver has been removed. This driver was for PCI-X 10g
659 cards made by s2io/Neterion. The company was acquired by Exar and
660 no longer sells or supports Ethernet products. If you have device
661 nxge in your kernel config file it must be removed.
664 The tz database (tzdb) has been updated to 2018e. This version more
665 correctly models time stamps in time zones with negative DST such as
666 Europe/Dublin (from 1971 on), Europe/Prague (1946/7), and
667 Africa/Windhoek (1994/2017). This does not affect the UT offsets, only
668 time zone abbreviations and the tm_isdst flag.
671 The ixgb(4) driver has been removed. This driver was for an early and
672 uncommon legacy PCI 10GbE for a single ASIC, Intel 82597EX. Intel
673 quickly shifted to the long lived ixgbe family. If you have device
674 ixgb in your kernel config file it must be removed.
677 The lmc(4) driver has been removed. This was a WAN interface
678 card that was already reportedly rare in 2003, and had an ambiguous
679 license. If you have device lmc in your kernel config file it must
683 Support for Arcnet networks has been removed. If you have device
684 arcnet or device cm in your kernel config file they must be
688 Support for FDDI networks has been removed. If you have device
689 fddi or device fpa in your kernel config file they must be
693 In addition to supporting RFC 3164 formatted messages, the
694 syslogd(8) service is now capable of parsing RFC 5424 formatted
695 log messages. The main benefit of using RFC 5424 is that clients
696 may now send log messages with timestamps containing year numbers,
697 microseconds and time zone offsets.
699 Similarly, the syslog(3) C library function has been altered to
700 send RFC 5424 formatted messages to the local system logging
701 daemon. On systems using syslogd(8), this change should have no
702 negative impact, as long as syslogd(8) and the C library are
703 updated at the same time. On systems using a different system
704 logging daemon, it may be necessary to make configuration
705 adjustments, depending on the software used.
707 When using syslog-ng, add the 'syslog-protocol' flag to local
708 input sources to enable parsing of RFC 5424 formatted messages:
711 unix-dgram("/var/run/log" flags(syslog-protocol));
714 When using rsyslog, disable the 'SysSock.UseSpecialParser' option
715 of the 'imuxsock' module to let messages be processed by the
716 regular RFC 3164/5424 parsing pipeline:
718 module(load="imuxsock" SysSock.UseSpecialParser="off")
720 Do note that these changes only affect communication between local
721 applications and syslogd(8). The format that syslogd(8) uses to
722 store messages on disk or forward messages to other systems
723 remains unchanged. syslogd(8) still uses RFC 3164 for these
724 purposes. Options to customize this behaviour will be added in the
725 future. Utilities that process log files stored in /var/log are
726 thus expected to continue to function as before.
728 __FreeBSD_version has been incremented to 1200061 to denote this
732 Support for token ring networks has been removed. If you
733 have "device token" in your kernel config you should remove
734 it. No device drivers supported token ring.
737 makefs was modified to be able to tag ISO9660 El Torito boot catalog
738 entries as EFI instead of overloading the i386 tag as done previously.
739 The amd64 mkisoimages.sh script used to build amd64 ISO images for
740 release was updated to use this. This may mean that makefs must be
741 updated before "make cdrom" can be run in the release directory. This
742 should be as simple as:
744 $ cd $SRCDIR/usr.sbin/makefs
745 $ make depend all install
748 FreeBSD boot loader enhanced with Lua scripting. It's purely opt-in for
749 now by building WITH_LOADER_LUA and WITHOUT_FORTH in /etc/src.conf.
750 Co-existence for the transition period will come shortly. Booting is a
751 complex environment and test coverage for Lua-enabled loaders has been
752 thin, so it would be prudent to assume it might not work and make
753 provisions for backup boot methods.
756 devmatch functionality has been turned on in devd. It will automatically
757 load drivers for unattached devices. This may cause unexpected drivers
758 to be loaded. Please report any problems to current@ and
762 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
763 6.0.0. Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
764 prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
768 LLVM's lld linker is now used as the FreeBSD/amd64 bootstrap linker.
769 This means it is used to link the kernel and userland libraries and
770 executables, but is not yet installed as /usr/bin/ld by default.
772 To revert to ld.bfd as the bootstrap linker, in /etc/src.conf set
773 WITHOUT_LLD_BOOTSTRAP=yes
776 On i386, pmtimer has been removed. Its functionality has been folded
777 into apm. It was a no-op on ACPI in current for a while now (but was
778 still needed on i386 in FreeBSD 11 and earlier). Users may need to
779 remove it from kernel config files.
782 The use of RSS hash from the network card aka flowid has been
783 disabled by default for lagg(4) as it's currently incompatible with
784 the lacp and loadbalance protocols.
786 This can be re-enabled by setting the following in loader.conf:
787 net.link.lagg.default_use_flowid="1"
790 The SW_WATCHDOG option is no longer necessary to enable the
791 hardclock-based software watchdog if no hardware watchdog is
792 configured. As before, SW_WATCHDOG will cause the software
793 watchdog to be enabled even if a hardware watchdog is configured.
796 r326887 fixes the issue described in the 20171214 UPDATING entry.
797 r326888 flips the switch back to building GELI support always.
800 r362593 broke ZFS + GELI support for reasons unknown. However,
801 it also broke ZFS support generally, so GELI has been turned off
802 by default as the lesser evil in r326857. If you boot off ZFS and/or
803 GELI, it might not be a good time to update.
806 PowerPC users must update loader(8) by rebuilding world before
807 installing a new kernel, as the protocol connecting them has
808 changed. Without the update, loader metadata will not be passed
809 successfully to the kernel and users will have to enter their
810 root partition at the kernel mountroot prompt to continue booting.
811 Newer versions of loader can boot old kernels without issue.
814 The LOADER_FIREWIRE_SUPPORT build variable as been renamed to
815 WITH/OUT_LOADER_FIREWIRE. LOADER_{NO_,}GELI_SUPPORT has been renamed
816 to WITH/OUT_LOADER_GELI.
819 The naive and non-compliant support of posix_fallocate(2) in ZFS
820 has been removed as of r325320. The system call now returns EINVAL
821 when used on a ZFS file. Although the new behavior complies with the
822 standard, some consumers are not prepared to cope with it.
823 One known victim is lld prior to r325420.
826 Building in a FreeBSD src checkout will automatically create object
827 directories now rather than store files in the current directory if
828 'make obj' was not ran. Calling 'make obj' is no longer necessary.
829 This feature can be disabled by setting WITHOUT_AUTO_OBJ=yes in
830 /etc/src-env.conf (not /etc/src.conf), or passing the option in the
834 The default MAKEOBJDIR has changed from /usr/obj/<srcdir> for native
835 builds, and /usr/obj/<arch>/<srcdir> for cross-builds, to a unified
836 /usr/obj/<srcdir>/<arch>. This behavior can be changed to the old
837 format by setting WITHOUT_UNIFIED_OBJDIR=yes in /etc/src-env.conf,
838 the environment, or with -DWITHOUT_UNIFIED_OBJDIR when building.
839 The UNIFIED_OBJDIR option is a transitional feature that will be
840 removed for 12.0 release; please migrate to the new format for any
841 tools by looking up the OBJDIR used by 'make -V .OBJDIR' means rather
842 than hardcoding paths.
845 The native-xtools target no longer installs the files by default to the
846 OBJDIR. Use the native-xtools-install target with a DESTDIR to install
847 to ${DESTDIR}/${NXTP} where NXTP defaults to /nxb-bin.
850 As part of the boot loader infrastructure cleanup, LOADER_*_SUPPORT
851 options are changing from controlling the build if defined / undefined
852 to controlling the build with explicit 'yes' or 'no' values. They will
853 shift to WITH/WITHOUT options to match other options in the system.
856 libstand has turned into a private library for sys/boot use only.
857 It is no longer supported as a public interface outside of sys/boot.
860 The arm port has split armv6 into armv6 and armv7. armv7 is now
861 a valid TARGET_ARCH/MACHINE_ARCH setting. If you have an armv7 system
862 and are running a kernel from before r324363, you will need to add
863 MACHINE_ARCH=armv7 to 'make buildworld' to do a native build.
866 When building multiple kernels using KERNCONF, non-existent KERNCONF
867 files will produce an error and buildkernel will fail. Previously
868 missing KERNCONF files silently failed giving no indication as to
869 why, only to subsequently discover during installkernel that the
870 desired kernel was never built in the first place.
873 The default serial number format for CTL LUNs has changed. This will
874 affect users who use /dev/diskid/* device nodes, or whose FibreChannel
875 or iSCSI clients care about their LUNs' serial numbers. Users who
876 require serial number stability should hardcode serial numbers in
880 For 32-bit arm compiled for hard-float support, soft-floating point
881 binaries now always get their shared libraries from
882 LD_SOFT_LIBRARY_PATH (in the past, this was only used if
883 /usr/libsoft also existed). Only users with a hard-float ld.so, but
884 soft-float everything else should be affected.
887 The geli password typed at boot is now hidden. To restore the previous
888 behavior, see geli(8) for configuration options.
891 Move PMTUD blackhole counters to TCPSTATS and remove them from bare
892 sysctl values. Minor nit, but requires a rebuild of both world/kernel
896 "make check" behavior (made in ^/head@r295380) has been changed to
897 execute from a limited sandbox, as opposed to executing from
901 - The "beforecheck" and "aftercheck" targets are now specified.
902 - ${CHECKDIR} (added in commit noted above) has been removed.
903 - Legacy behavior can be enabled by setting
904 WITHOUT_MAKE_CHECK_USE_SANDBOX in src.conf(5) or the environment.
906 If the limited sandbox mode is enabled, "make check" will execute
907 "make distribution", then install, execute the tests, and clean up the
908 sandbox if successful.
910 The "make distribution" and "make install" targets are typically run as
911 root to set appropriate permissions and ownership at installation time.
912 The end-user should set "WITH_INSTALL_AS_USER" in src.conf(5) or the
913 environment if executing "make check" with limited sandbox mode using
914 an unprivileged user.
917 Since the switch to GPT disk labels, fsck for UFS/FFS has been
918 unable to automatically find alternate superblocks. As of r322297,
919 the information needed to find alternate superblocks has been
920 moved to the end of the area reserved for the boot block.
921 Filesystems created with a newfs of this vintage or later
922 will create the recovery information. If you have a filesystem
923 created prior to this change and wish to have a recovery block
924 created for your filesystem, you can do so by running fsck in
925 foreground mode (i.e., do not use the -p or -y options). As it
926 starts, fsck will ask ``SAVE DATA TO FIND ALTERNATE SUPERBLOCKS''
927 to which you should answer yes.
930 As of r321665, an NFSv4 server configuration that services
931 Kerberos mounts or clients that do not support the uid/gid in
932 owner/owner_group string capability, must explicitly enable
933 the nfsuserd daemon by adding nfsuserd_enable="YES" to the
934 machine's /etc/rc.conf file.
937 Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 5.0.0.
938 Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
939 and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
942 WITHOUT_RCMDS is now the default. Set WITH_RCMDS if you need the
943 r-commands (rlogin, rsh, etc.) to be built with the base system.
946 The FreeBSD/powerpc platform now uses a 64-bit type for time_t. This is
947 a very major ABI incompatible change, so users of FreeBSD/powerpc must
948 be careful when performing source upgrades. It is best to run
949 'make installworld' from an alternate root system, either a live
950 CD/memory stick, or a temporary root partition. Additionally, all ports
951 must be recompiled. powerpc64 is largely unaffected, except in the case
952 of 32-bit compatibility. All 32-bit binaries will be affected.
955 Forward compatibility for the "ino64" project have been committed. This
956 will allow most new binaries to run on older kernels in a limited
957 fashion. This prevents many of the common foot-shooting actions in the
958 upgrade as well as the limited ability to roll back the kernel across
959 the ino64 upgrade. Complicated use cases may not work properly, though
960 enough simpler ones work to allow recovery in most situations.
963 Switch back to the BSDL dtc (Device Tree Compiler). Set WITH_GPL_DTC
964 if you require the GPL compiler.
967 The internal ABI used for communication between the NFS kernel modules
968 was changed by r320085, so __FreeBSD_version was bumped to
969 ensure all the NFS related modules are updated together.
972 The ABI of struct event was changed by extending the data
973 member to 64bit and adding ext fields. For upgrade, same
974 precautions as for the entry 20170523 "ino64" must be
978 The GNU roff toolchain has been removed from base. To render manpages
979 which are not supported by mandoc(1), man(1) can fallback on GNU roff
980 from ports (and recommends to install it).
981 To render roff(7) documents, consider using GNU roff from ports or the
982 heirloom doctools roff toolchain from ports via pkg install groff or
983 via pkg install heirloom-doctools.
986 The ath(4) and ath_hal(4) modules now build piecemeal to allow for
987 smaller runtime footprint builds. This is useful for embedded systems
988 which only require one chipset support.
990 If you load it as a module, make sure this is in /boot/loader.conf:
994 This will load the HAL, all chip/RF backends and if_ath_pci.
995 If you have if_ath_pci in /boot/loader.conf, ensure it is after
996 if_ath or it will not load any HAL chipset support.
998 If you want to selectively load things (eg on ye cheape ARM/MIPS
999 platforms where RAM is at a premium) you should:
1002 * load the chip modules in question
1003 * load ath_rate, ath_dfs
1005 * load if_ath_pci and/or if_ath_ahb depending upon your particular
1006 bus bind type - this is where probe/attach is done.
1008 For further comments/feedback, poke adrian@ .
1011 The "ino64" 64-bit inode project has been committed, which extends
1012 a number of types to 64 bits. Upgrading in place requires care and
1013 adherence to the documented upgrade procedure.
1015 If using a custom kernel configuration ensure that the
1016 COMPAT_FREEBSD11 option is included (as during the upgrade the
1017 system will be running the ino64 kernel with the existing world).
1019 For the safest in-place upgrade begin by removing previous build
1020 artifacts via "rm -rf /usr/obj/*". Then, carefully follow the full
1021 procedure documented below under the heading "To rebuild everything and
1022 install it on the current system." Specifically, a reboot is required
1023 after installing the new kernel before installing world. While an
1024 installworld normally works by accident from multiuser after rebooting
1025 the proper kernel, there are many cases where this will fail across this
1026 upgrade and installworld from single user is required.
1029 The NATM framework including the en(4), fatm(4), hatm(4), and
1030 patm(4) devices has been removed. Consumers should plan a
1031 migration before the end-of-life date for FreeBSD 11.
1034 GNU diff has been replaced by a BSD licensed diff. Some features of GNU
1035 diff has not been implemented, if those are needed a newer version of
1036 GNU diff is available via the diffutils package under the gdiff name.
1039 As of r316810 for ipfilter, keep frags is no longer assumed when
1040 keep state is specified in a rule. r316810 aligns ipfilter with
1041 documentation in man pages separating keep frags from keep state.
1042 This allows keep state to be specified without forcing keep frags
1043 and allows keep frags to be specified independently of keep state.
1044 To maintain previous behaviour, also specify keep frags with
1045 keep state (as documented in ipf.conf.5).
1048 arm64 builds now use the base system LLD 4.0.0 linker by default,
1049 instead of requiring that the aarch64-binutils port or package be
1050 installed. To continue using aarch64-binutils, set
1051 CROSS_BINUTILS_PREFIX=/usr/local/aarch64-freebsd/bin .
1054 The UDP optimization in entry 20160818 that added the sysctl
1055 net.inet.udp.require_l2_bcast has been reverted. L2 broadcast
1056 packets will no longer be treated as L3 broadcast packets.
1059 Binds and sends to the loopback addresses, IPv6 and IPv4, will now
1060 use any explicitly assigned loopback address available in the jail
1061 instead of using the first assigned address of the jail.
1064 The ctl.ko module no longer implements the iSCSI target frontend:
1065 cfiscsi.ko does instead.
1067 If building cfiscsi.ko as a kernel module, the module can be loaded
1068 via one of the following methods:
1069 - `cfiscsi_load="YES"` in loader.conf(5).
1070 - Add `cfiscsi` to `$kld_list` in rc.conf(5).
1071 - ctladm(8)/ctld(8), when compiled with iSCSI support
1072 (`WITH_ISCSI=yes` in src.conf(5))
1074 Please see cfiscsi(4) for more details.
1077 The mmcsd.ko module now additionally depends on geom_flashmap.ko.
1078 Also, mmc.ko and mmcsd.ko need to be a matching pair built from the
1079 same source (previously, the dependency of mmcsd.ko on mmc.ko was
1080 missing, but mmcsd.ko now will refuse to load if it is incompatible
1084 The syntax of ipfw(8) named states was changed to avoid ambiguity.
1085 If you have used named states in the firewall rules, you need to modify
1086 them after installworld and before rebooting. Now named states must
1087 be prefixed with colon.
1090 The old drm (sys/dev/drm/) drivers for i915 and radeon have been
1091 removed as the userland we provide cannot use them. The KMS version
1092 (sys/dev/drm2) supports the same hardware.
1095 Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 4.0.0.
1096 Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1097 and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1100 The code that provides support for ZFS .zfs/ directory functionality
1101 has been reimplemented. It's not possible now to create a snapshot
1102 by mkdir under .zfs/snapshot/. That should be the only user visible
1106 EISA bus support has been removed. The WITH_EISA option is no longer
1110 MCA bus support has been removed.
1113 The WITH_LLD_AS_LD / WITHOUT_LLD_AS_LD build knobs have been renamed
1114 WITH_LLD_IS_LD / WITHOUT_LLD_IS_LD, for consistency with CLANG_IS_CC.
1117 The EM_MULTIQUEUE kernel configuration option is deprecated now that
1118 the em(4) driver conforms to iflib specifications.
1121 The igb(4), em(4) and lem(4) ethernet drivers are now implemented via
1122 IFLIB. If you have a custom kernel configuration that excludes em(4)
1123 but you use igb(4), you need to re-add em(4) to your custom
1127 Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.9.1.
1128 Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1129 and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1132 Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.9.0.
1133 Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1134 and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1137 The layout of the pmap structure has changed for powerpc to put the pmap
1138 statistics at the front for all CPU variations. libkvm(3) and all tools
1139 that link against it need to be recompiled.
1142 isl(4) and cyapa(4) drivers now require a new driver,
1143 chromebook_platform(4), to work properly on Chromebook-class hardware.
1144 On other types of hardware the drivers may need to be configured using
1145 device hints. Please see the corresponding manual pages for details.
1148 The urtwn(4) driver was merged into rtwn(4) and now consists of
1149 rtwn(4) main module + rtwn_usb(4) and rtwn_pci(4) bus-specific
1151 Also, firmware for RTL8188CE was renamed due to possible name
1152 conflict (rtwnrtl8192cU(B) -> rtwnrtl8192cE(B))
1155 GNU rcs has been removed from base. It is available as packages:
1156 - rcs: Latest GPLv3 GNU rcs version.
1157 - rcs57: Copy of the latest version of GNU rcs (GPLv2) before it was
1161 Use of the cc_cdg, cc_chd, cc_hd, or cc_vegas congestion control
1162 modules now requires that the kernel configuration contain the
1163 TCP_HHOOK option. (This option is included in the GENERIC kernel.)
1166 The WITHOUT_ELFCOPY_AS_OBJCOPY src.conf(5) knob has been retired.
1167 ELF Tool Chain's elfcopy is always installed as /usr/bin/objcopy.
1170 Relocatable object files with the extension of .So have been renamed
1171 to use an extension of .pico instead. The purpose of this change is
1172 to avoid a name clash with shared libraries on case-insensitive file
1173 systems. On those file systems, foo.So is the same file as foo.so.
1176 GNU rcs has been turned off by default. It can (temporarily) be built
1177 again by adding WITH_RCS knob in src.conf.
1178 Otherwise, GNU rcs is available from packages:
1179 - rcs: Latest GPLv3 GNU rcs version.
1180 - rcs57: Copy of the latest version of GNU rcs (GPLv2) from base.
1183 The backup_uses_rcs functionality has been removed from rc.subr.
1186 The queue(3) debugging macro, QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG, has been split into
1187 two separate components, QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG_TRACE and
1188 QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG_TRASH. Define both for the original
1189 QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG behavior.
1192 r304787 changed some ioctl interfaces between the iSCSI userspace
1193 programs and the kernel. ctladm, ctld, iscsictl, and iscsid must be
1194 rebuilt to work with new kernels. __FreeBSD_version has been bumped
1198 The UDP receive code has been updated to only treat incoming UDP
1199 packets that were addressed to an L2 broadcast address as L3
1200 broadcast packets. It is not expected that this will affect any
1201 standards-conforming UDP application. The new behaviour can be
1202 disabled by setting the sysctl net.inet.udp.require_l2_bcast to
1206 Remove the openbsd_poll system call.
1207 __FreeBSD_version has been bumped because of this.
1210 The stable/11 branch has been created from head@r302406.
1213 The libc stub for the pipe(2) system call has been replaced with
1214 a wrapper that calls the pipe2(2) system call and the pipe(2)
1215 system call is now only implemented by the kernels that include
1216 "options COMPAT_FREEBSD10" in their config file (this is the
1217 default). Users should ensure that this option is enabled in
1218 their kernel or upgrade userspace to r302092 before upgrading their
1222 CAM will now strip leading spaces from SCSI disks' serial numbers.
1223 This will affect users who create UFS filesystems on SCSI disks using
1224 those disk's diskid device nodes. For example, if /etc/fstab
1225 previously contained a line like
1226 "/dev/diskid/DISK-%20%20%20%20%20%20%20ABCDEFG0123456", you should
1227 change it to "/dev/diskid/DISK-ABCDEFG0123456". Users of geom
1228 transforms like gmirror may also be affected. ZFS users should
1232 The bitstring(3) API has been updated with new functionality and
1233 improved performance. But it is binary-incompatible with the old API.
1234 Objects built with the new headers may not be linked against objects
1235 built with the old headers.
1238 The brk and sbrk functions have been removed from libc on arm64.
1239 Binutils from ports has been updated to not link to these
1240 functions and should be updated to the latest version before
1241 installing a new libc.
1244 The armv6 port now defaults to hard float ABI. Limited support
1245 for running both hardfloat and soft float on the same system
1246 is available using the libraries installed with -DWITH_LIBSOFT.
1247 This has only been tested as an upgrade path for installworld
1248 and packages may fail or need manual intervention to run. New
1249 packages will be needed.
1251 To update an existing self-hosted armv6hf system, you must add
1252 TARGET_ARCH=armv6 on the make command line for both the build
1253 and the install steps.
1256 Kernel modules compiled outside of a kernel build now default to
1257 installing to /boot/modules instead of /boot/kernel. Many kernel
1258 modules built this way (such as those in ports) already overrode
1259 KMODDIR explicitly to install into /boot/modules. However,
1260 manually building and installing a module from /sys/modules will
1261 now install to /boot/modules instead of /boot/kernel.
1264 The CAM I/O scheduler has been committed to the kernel. There should be
1265 no user visible impact. This does enable NCQ Trim on ada SSDs. While the
1266 list of known rogues that claim support for this but actually corrupt
1267 data is believed to be complete, be on the lookout for data
1268 corruption. The known rogue list is believed to be complete:
1270 o Crucial MX100, M550 drives with MU01 firmware.
1271 o Micron M510 and M550 drives with MU01 firmware.
1272 o Micron M500 prior to MU07 firmware
1273 o Samsung 830, 840, and 850 all firmwares
1274 o FCCT M500 all firmwares
1276 Crucial has firmware http://www.crucial.com/usa/en/support-ssd-firmware
1277 with working NCQ TRIM. For Micron branded drives, see your sales rep for
1278 updated firmware. Black listed drives will work correctly because these
1279 drives work correctly so long as no NCQ TRIMs are sent to them. Given
1280 this list is the same as found in Linux, it's believed there are no
1281 other rogues in the market place. All other models from the above
1284 To be safe, if you are at all concerned, you can quirk each of your
1285 drives to prevent NCQ from being sent by setting:
1286 kern.cam.ada.X.quirks="0x2"
1287 in loader.conf. If the drive requires the 4k sector quirk, set the
1288 quirks entry to 0x3.
1291 The FAST_DEPEND build option has been removed and its functionality is
1292 now the one true way. The old mkdep(1) style of 'make depend' has
1293 been removed. See 20160311 for further details.
1296 Resource range types have grown from unsigned long to uintmax_t. All
1297 drivers, and anything using libdevinfo, need to be recompiled.
1300 WITH_FAST_DEPEND is now enabled by default for in-tree and out-of-tree
1301 builds. It no longer runs mkdep(1) during 'make depend', and the
1302 'make depend' stage can safely be skipped now as it is auto ran
1303 when building 'make all' and will generate all SRCS and DPSRCS before
1304 building anything else. Dependencies are gathered at compile time with
1305 -MF flags kept in separate .depend files per object file. Users should
1306 run 'make cleandepend' once if using -DNO_CLEAN to clean out older
1307 stale .depend files.
1310 On amd64, clang 3.8.0 can now insert sections of type AMD64_UNWIND into
1311 kernel modules. Therefore, if you load any kernel modules at boot time,
1312 please install the boot loaders after you install the kernel, but before
1316 make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1317 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1318 make -C sys/boot install
1319 <reboot in single user>
1321 Then follow the usual steps, described in the General Notes section,
1325 Clang, llvm, lldb and compiler-rt have been upgraded to 3.8.0. Please
1326 see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites and
1327 upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1330 The AIO subsystem is now a standard part of the kernel. The
1331 VFS_AIO kernel option and aio.ko kernel module have been removed.
1332 Due to stability concerns, asynchronous I/O requests are only
1333 permitted on sockets and raw disks by default. To enable
1334 asynchronous I/O requests on all file types, set the
1335 vfs.aio.enable_unsafe sysctl to a non-zero value.
1338 The ELF object manipulation tool objcopy is now provided by the
1339 ELF Tool Chain project rather than by GNU binutils. It should be a
1340 drop-in replacement, with the addition of arm64 support. The
1341 (temporary) src.conf knob WITHOUT_ELFCOPY_AS_OBJCOPY knob may be set
1342 to obtain the GNU version if necessary.
1345 Building ZFS pools on top of zvols is prohibited by default. That
1346 feature has never worked safely; it's always been prone to deadlocks.
1347 Using a zvol as the backing store for a VM guest's virtual disk will
1348 still work, even if the guest is using ZFS. Legacy behavior can be
1349 restored by setting vfs.zfs.vol.recursive=1.
1352 The NONE and HPN patches has been removed from OpenSSH. They are
1353 still available in the security/openssh-portable port.
1356 With the addition of ypldap(8), a new _ypldap user is now required
1357 during installworld. "mergemaster -p" can be used to add the user
1358 prior to installworld, as documented in the handbook.
1361 The tftp loader (pxeboot) now uses the option root-path directive. As a
1362 consequence it no longer looks for a pxeboot.4th file on the tftp
1363 server. Instead it uses the regular /boot infrastructure as with the
1367 The code to start recording plug and play data into the modules has
1368 been committed. While the old tools will properly build a new kernel,
1369 a number of warnings about "unknown metadata record 4" will be produced
1370 for an older kldxref. To avoid such warnings, make sure to rebuild
1371 the kernel toolchain (or world). Make sure that you have r292078 or
1372 later when trying to build 292077 or later before rebuilding.
1375 Debug data files are now built by default with 'make buildworld' and
1376 installed with 'make installworld'. This facilitates debugging but
1377 requires more disk space both during the build and for the installed
1378 world. Debug files may be disabled by setting WITHOUT_DEBUG_FILES=yes
1382 r291527 changed the internal interface between the nfsd.ko and
1383 nfscommon.ko modules. As such, they must both be upgraded to-gether.
1384 __FreeBSD_version has been bumped because of this.
1387 Add support for unicode collation strings leads to a change of
1388 order of files listed by ls(1) for example. To get back to the old
1389 behaviour, set LC_COLLATE environment variable to "C".
1391 Databases administrators will need to reindex their databases given
1392 collation results will be different.
1394 Due to a bug in install(1) it is recommended to remove the ancient
1395 locales before running make installworld.
1397 rm -rf /usr/share/locale/*
1400 The OpenSSL has been upgraded to 1.0.2d. Any binaries requiring
1401 libcrypto.so.7 or libssl.so.7 must be recompiled.
1404 Qlogic 24xx/25xx firmware images were updated from 5.5.0 to 7.3.0.
1405 Kernel modules isp_2400_multi and isp_2500_multi were removed and
1406 should be replaced with isp_2400 and isp_2500 modules respectively.
1409 The build previously allowed using 'make -n' to not recurse into
1410 sub-directories while showing what commands would be executed, and
1411 'make -n -n' to recursively show commands. Now 'make -n' will recurse
1412 and 'make -N' will not.
1415 If you specify SENDMAIL_MC or SENDMAIL_CF in make.conf, mergemaster
1416 and etcupdate will now use this file. A custom sendmail.cf is now
1417 updated via this mechanism rather than via installworld. If you had
1418 excluded sendmail.cf in mergemaster.rc or etcupdate.conf, you may
1419 want to remove the exclusion or change it to "always install".
1420 /etc/mail/sendmail.cf is now managed the same way regardless of
1421 whether SENDMAIL_MC/SENDMAIL_CF is used. If you are not using
1422 SENDMAIL_MC/SENDMAIL_CF there should be no change in behavior.
1425 Compatibility shims for legacy ATA device names have been removed.
1426 It includes ATA_STATIC_ID kernel option, kern.cam.ada.legacy_aliases
1427 and kern.geom.raid.legacy_aliases loader tunables, kern.devalias.*
1428 environment variables, /dev/ad* and /dev/ar* symbolic links.
1431 Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.7.0.
1432 Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1433 and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1436 Kernel debug files have been moved to /usr/lib/debug/boot/kernel/,
1437 and renamed from .symbols to .debug. This reduces the size requirements
1438 on the boot partition or file system and provides consistency with
1439 userland debug files.
1441 When using the supported kernel installation method the
1442 /usr/lib/debug/boot/kernel directory will be renamed (to kernel.old)
1443 as is done with /boot/kernel.
1445 Developers wishing to maintain the historical behavior of installing
1446 debug files in /boot/kernel/ can set KERN_DEBUGDIR="" in src.conf(5).
1449 The wireless drivers had undergone changes that remove the 'parent
1450 interface' from the ifconfig -l output. The rc.d network scripts
1451 used to check presence of a parent interface in the list, so old
1452 scripts would fail to start wireless networking. Thus, etcupdate(3)
1453 or mergemaster(8) run is required after kernel update, to update your
1454 rc.d scripts in /etc.
1457 pf no longer supports 'scrub fragment crop' or 'scrub fragment drop-ovl'
1458 These configurations are now automatically interpreted as
1459 'scrub fragment reassemble'.
1462 Kernel-loadable modules for the random(4) device are back. To use
1463 them, the kernel must have
1466 options RANDOM_LOADABLE
1468 kldload(8) can then be used to load random_fortuna.ko
1469 or random_yarrow.ko. Please note that due to the indirect
1470 function calls that the loadable modules need to provide,
1471 the build-in variants will be slightly more efficient.
1473 The random(4) kernel option RANDOM_DUMMY has been retired due to
1474 unpopularity. It was not all that useful anyway.
1477 The WITHOUT_ELFTOOLCHAIN_TOOLS src.conf(5) knob has been retired.
1478 Control over building the ELF Tool Chain tools is now provided by
1479 the WITHOUT_TOOLCHAIN knob.
1482 The polarity of Pulse Per Second (PPS) capture events with the
1483 uart(4) driver has been corrected. Prior to this change the PPS
1484 "assert" event corresponded to the trailing edge of a positive PPS
1485 pulse and the "clear" event was the leading edge of the next pulse.
1487 As the width of a PPS pulse in a typical GPS receiver is on the
1488 order of 1 millisecond, most users will not notice any significant
1489 difference with this change.
1491 Anyone who has compensated for the historical polarity reversal by
1492 configuring a negative offset equal to the pulse width will need to
1493 remove that workaround.
1496 The default group assigned to /dev/dri entries has been changed
1497 from 'wheel' to 'video' with the id of '44'. If you want to have
1498 access to the dri devices please add yourself to the video group
1501 # pw groupmod video -m $USER
1504 The menu.rc and loader.rc files will now be replaced during
1505 upgrades. Please migrate local changes to menu.rc.local and
1506 loader.rc.local instead.
1509 GNU Binutils versions of addr2line, c++filt, nm, readelf, size,
1510 strings and strip have been removed. The src.conf(5) knob
1511 WITHOUT_ELFTOOLCHAIN_TOOLS no longer provides the binutils tools.
1514 As ZFS requires more kernel stack pages than is the default on some
1515 architectures e.g. i386, it now warns if KSTACK_PAGES is less than
1516 ZFS_MIN_KSTACK_PAGES (which is 4 at the time of writing).
1518 Please consider using 'options KSTACK_PAGES=X' where X is greater
1519 than or equal to ZFS_MIN_KSTACK_PAGES i.e. 4 in such configurations.
1522 sendmail has been updated to 8.15.2. Starting with FreeBSD 11.0
1523 and sendmail 8.15, sendmail uses uncompressed IPv6 addresses by
1524 default, i.e., they will not contain "::". For example, instead
1525 of ::1, it will be 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1. This permits a zero subnet
1526 to have a more specific match, such as different map entries for
1527 IPv6:0:0 vs IPv6:0. This change requires that configuration
1528 data (including maps, files, classes, custom ruleset, etc.) must
1529 use the same format, so make certain such configuration data is
1530 upgrading. As a very simple check search for patterns like
1531 'IPv6:[0-9a-fA-F:]*::' and 'IPv6::'. To return to the old
1532 behavior, set the m4 option confUSE_COMPRESSED_IPV6_ADDRESSES or
1533 the cf option UseCompressedIPv6Addresses.
1536 The default kernel entropy-processing algorithm is now
1537 Fortuna, replacing Yarrow.
1539 Assuming you have 'device random' in your kernel config
1540 file, the configurations allow a kernel option to override
1541 this default. You may choose *ONE* of:
1543 options RANDOM_YARROW # Legacy /dev/random algorithm.
1544 options RANDOM_DUMMY # Blocking-only driver.
1546 If you have neither, you get Fortuna. For most people,
1547 read no further, Fortuna will give a /dev/random that works
1548 like it always used to, and the difference will be irrelevant.
1550 If you remove 'device random', you get *NO* kernel-processed
1551 entropy at all. This may be acceptable to folks building
1552 embedded systems, but has complications. Carry on reading,
1553 and it is assumed you know what you need.
1555 *PLEASE* read random(4) and random(9) if you are in the
1556 habit of tweaking kernel configs, and/or if you are a member
1557 of the embedded community, wanting specific and not-usual
1558 behaviour from your security subsystems.
1560 NOTE!! If you use RANDOM_DUMMY and/or have no 'device
1561 random', you will NOT have a functioning /dev/random, and
1562 many cryptographic features will not work, including SSH.
1563 You may also find strange behaviour from the random(3) set
1564 of library functions, in particular sranddev(3), srandomdev(3)
1565 and arc4random(3). The reason for this is that the KERN_ARND
1566 sysctl only returns entropy if it thinks it has some to
1567 share, and with RANDOM_DUMMY or no 'device random' this
1571 An additional fix for the issue described in the 20150614 sendmail
1572 entry below has been committed in revision 284717.
1575 FreeBSD's old make (fmake) has been removed from the system. It is
1576 available as the devel/fmake port or via pkg install fmake.
1579 The fix for the issue described in the 20150614 sendmail entry
1580 below has been committed in revision 284436. The work
1581 around described in that entry is no longer needed unless the
1582 default setting is overridden by a confDH_PARAMETERS configuration
1583 setting of '5' or pointing to a 512 bit DH parameter file.
1586 ALLOW_DEPRECATED_ATF_TOOLS/ATFFILE support has been removed from
1587 atf.test.mk (included from bsd.test.mk). Please upgrade devel/atf
1588 and devel/kyua to version 0.20+ and adjust any calling code to work
1589 with Kyuafile and kyua.
1592 The import of openssl to address the FreeBSD-SA-15:10.openssl
1593 security advisory includes a change which rejects handshakes
1594 with DH parameters below 768 bits. sendmail releases prior
1595 to 8.15.2 (not yet released), defaulted to a 512 bit
1596 DH parameter setting for client connections. To work around
1597 this interoperability, sendmail can be configured to use a
1598 2048 bit DH parameter by:
1600 1. Edit /etc/mail/`hostname`.mc
1601 2. If a setting for confDH_PARAMETERS does not exist or
1602 exists and is set to a string beginning with '5',
1603 replace it with '2'.
1604 3. If a setting for confDH_PARAMETERS exists and is set to
1605 a file path, create a new file with:
1606 openssl dhparam -out /path/to/file 2048
1607 4. Rebuild the .cf file:
1608 cd /etc/mail/; make; make install
1609 5. Restart sendmail:
1610 cd /etc/mail/; make restart
1612 A sendmail patch is coming, at which time this file will be
1616 Generation of legacy formatted entries have been disabled by default
1617 in pwd_mkdb(8), as all base system consumers of the legacy formatted
1618 entries were converted to use the new format by default when the new,
1619 machine independent format have been added and supported since FreeBSD
1622 Please see the pwd_mkdb(8) manual page for further details.
1625 Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.6.1 release. Please see the
1626 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites and upgrading,
1627 if you are not already using 3.5.0 or higher.
1630 TI platform code switched to using vendor DTS files and this update
1631 may break existing systems running on Beaglebone, Beaglebone Black,
1634 - dtb files should be regenerated/reinstalled. Filenames are the
1635 same but content is different now
1636 - GPIO addressing was changed, now each GPIO bank (32 pins per bank)
1637 has its own /dev/gpiocX device, e.g. pin 121 on /dev/gpioc0 in old
1638 addressing scheme is now pin 25 on /dev/gpioc3.
1639 - Pandaboard: /etc/ttys should be updated, serial console device is
1640 now /dev/ttyu2, not /dev/ttyu0
1643 soelim(1) from gnu/usr.bin/groff has been replaced by usr.bin/soelim.
1644 If you need the GNU extension from groff soelim(1), install groff
1645 from package: pkg install groff, or via ports: textproc/groff.
1648 chmod, chflags, chown and chgrp now affect symlinks in -R mode as
1649 defined in symlink(7); previously symlinks were silently ignored.
1652 The const qualifier has been removed from iconv(3) to comply with
1653 POSIX. The ports tree is aware of this from r384038 onwards.
1656 Libraries specified by LIBADD in Makefiles must have a corresponding
1657 DPADD_<lib> variable to ensure correct dependencies. This is now
1658 enforced in src.libnames.mk.
1661 From legacy ata(4) driver was removed support for SATA controllers
1662 supported by more functional drivers ahci(4), siis(4) and mvs(4).
1663 Kernel modules ataahci and ataadaptec were removed completely,
1664 replaced by ahci and mvs modules respectively.
1667 Clang, llvm and lldb have been upgraded to 3.6.0 release. Please see
1668 the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites and
1669 upgrading, if you are not already using 3.5.0 or higher.
1672 The 32-bit PowerPC kernel has been changed to a position-independent
1673 executable. This can only be booted with a version of loader(8)
1674 newer than January 31, 2015, so make sure to update both world and
1675 kernel before rebooting.
1678 If you are running a -CURRENT kernel since r273872 (Oct 30th, 2014),
1679 but before r278950, the RNG was not seeded properly. Immediately
1680 upgrade the kernel to r278950 or later and regenerate any keys (e.g.
1681 ssh keys or openssl keys) that were generated w/ a kernel from that
1682 range. This does not affect programs that directly used /dev/random
1683 or /dev/urandom. All userland uses of arc4random(3) are affected.
1686 The autofs(4) ABI was changed in order to restore binary compatibility
1687 with 10.1-RELEASE. The automountd(8) daemon needs to be rebuilt to work
1688 with the new kernel.
1691 The powerpc64 kernel has been changed to a position-independent
1692 executable. This can only be booted with a new version of loader(8),
1693 so make sure to update both world and kernel before rebooting.
1696 Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.5.1 release. This is a bugfix
1697 only release, no new features have been added. Please see the 20141231
1698 entry below for information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you
1699 are not already using 3.5.0.
1702 ELF tools addr2line, elfcopy (strip), nm, size, and strings are now
1703 taken from the ELF Tool Chain project rather than GNU binutils. They
1704 should be drop-in replacements, with the addition of arm64 support.
1705 The WITHOUT_ELFTOOLCHAIN_TOOLS= knob may be used to obtain the
1706 binutils tools, if necessary. See 20150805 for updated information.
1709 The default Unbound configuration now enables remote control
1710 using a local socket. Users who have already enabled the
1711 local_unbound service should regenerate their configuration
1712 by running "service local_unbound setup" as root.
1715 The GNU texinfo and GNU info pages have been removed.
1716 To be able to view GNU info pages please install texinfo from ports.
1719 Clang, llvm and lldb have been upgraded to 3.5.0 release.
1721 As of this release, a prerequisite for building clang, llvm and lldb is
1722 a C++11 capable compiler and C++11 standard library. This means that to
1723 be able to successfully build the cross-tools stage of buildworld, with
1724 clang as the bootstrap compiler, your system compiler or cross compiler
1725 should either be clang 3.3 or later, or gcc 4.8 or later, and your
1726 system C++ library should be libc++, or libdstdc++ from gcc 4.8 or
1729 On any standard FreeBSD 10.x or 11.x installation, where clang and
1730 libc++ are on by default (that is, on x86 or arm), this should work out
1733 On 9.x installations where clang is enabled by default, e.g. on x86 and
1734 powerpc, libc++ will not be enabled by default, so libc++ should be
1735 built (with clang) and installed first. If both clang and libc++ are
1736 missing, build clang first, then use it to build libc++.
1738 On 8.x and earlier installations, upgrade to 9.x first, and then follow
1739 the instructions for 9.x above.
1741 Sparc64 and mips users are unaffected, as they still use gcc 4.2.1 by
1742 default, and do not build clang.
1744 Many embedded systems are resource constrained, and will not be able to
1745 build clang in a reasonable time, or in some cases at all. In those
1746 cases, cross building bootable systems on amd64 is a workaround.
1748 This new version of clang introduces a number of new warnings, of which
1749 the following are most likely to appear:
1753 This warns in two cases, for both C and C++:
1754 * When the code is trying to take the absolute value of an unsigned
1755 quantity, which is effectively a no-op, and almost never what was
1756 intended. The code should be fixed, if at all possible. If you are
1757 sure that the unsigned quantity can be safely cast to signed, without
1758 loss of information or undefined behavior, you can add an explicit
1759 cast, or disable the warning.
1761 * When the code is trying to take an absolute value, but the called
1762 abs() variant is for the wrong type, which can lead to truncation.
1763 If you want to disable the warning instead of fixing the code, please
1764 make sure that truncation will not occur, or it might lead to unwanted
1767 -Wtautological-undefined-compare and
1768 -Wundefined-bool-conversion
1770 These warn when C++ code is trying to compare 'this' against NULL, while
1771 'this' should never be NULL in well-defined C++ code. However, there is
1772 some legacy (pre C++11) code out there, which actively abuses this
1773 feature, which was less strictly defined in previous C++ versions.
1775 Squid and openjdk do this, for example. The warning can be turned off
1776 for C++98 and earlier, but compiling the code in C++11 mode might result
1777 in unexpected behavior; for example, the parts of the program that are
1778 unreachable could be optimized away.
1781 The old NFS client and server (kernel options NFSCLIENT, NFSSERVER)
1782 kernel sources have been removed. The .h files remain, since some
1783 utilities include them. This will need to be fixed later.
1784 If "mount -t oldnfs ..." is attempted, it will fail.
1785 If the "-o" option on mountd(8), nfsd(8) or nfsstat(1) is used,
1786 the utilities will report errors.
1789 The handling of LOCAL_LIB_DIRS has been altered to skip addition of
1790 directories to top level SUBDIR variable when their parent
1791 directory is included in LOCAL_DIRS. Users with build systems with
1792 such hierarchies and without SUBDIR entries in the parent
1793 directory Makefiles should add them or add the directories to
1797 faith(4) and faithd(8) have been removed from the base system. Faith
1798 has been obsolete for a very long time.
1801 vt(4), the new console driver, is enabled by default. It brings
1802 support for Unicode and double-width characters, as well as
1803 support for UEFI and integration with the KMS kernel video
1806 You may need to update your console settings in /etc/rc.conf,
1807 most probably the keymap. During boot, /etc/rc.d/syscons will
1808 indicate what you need to do.
1810 vt(4) still has issues and lacks some features compared to
1811 syscons(4). See the wiki for up-to-date information:
1812 https://wiki.freebsd.org/Newcons
1814 If you want to keep using syscons(4), you can do so by adding
1815 the following line to /boot/loader.conf:
1819 pjdfstest has been integrated into kyua as an opt-in test suite.
1820 Please see share/doc/pjdfstest/README for more details on how to
1824 gperf has been removed from the base system for architectures
1825 that use clang. Ports that require gperf will obtain it from the
1829 pjdfstest has been moved from tools/regression/pjdfstest to
1833 At svn r271982, The default linux compat kernel ABI has been adjusted
1834 to 2.6.18 in support of the linux-c6 compat ports infrastructure
1835 update. If you wish to continue using the linux-f10 compat ports,
1836 add compat.linux.osrelease=2.6.16 to your local sysctl.conf. Users are
1837 encouraged to update their linux-compat packages to linux-c6 during
1838 their next update cycle.
1841 The ofwfb driver, used to provide a graphics console on PowerPC when
1842 using vt(4), no longer allows mmap() of all physical memory. This
1843 will prevent Xorg on PowerPC with some ATI graphics cards from
1844 initializing properly unless x11-servers/xorg-server is updated to
1848 The xdev targets have been converted to using TARGET and
1849 TARGET_ARCH instead of XDEV and XDEV_ARCH.
1852 The default unbound configuration has been modified to address
1853 issues with reverse lookups on networks that use private
1854 address ranges. If you use the local_unbound service, run
1855 "service local_unbound setup" as root to regenerate your
1856 configuration, then "service local_unbound reload" to load the
1860 The GNU texinfo and GNU info pages are not built and installed
1861 anymore, WITH_INFO knob has been added to allow to built and install
1863 UPDATE: see 20150102 entry on texinfo's removal
1866 The GNU readline library is now an INTERNALLIB - that is, it is
1867 statically linked into consumers (GDB and variants) in the base
1868 system, and the shared library is no longer installed. The
1869 devel/readline port is available for third party software that
1873 The Itanium architecture (ia64) has been removed from the list of
1874 known architectures. This is the first step in the removal of the
1878 Commit r268115 has added NFSv4.1 server support, merged from
1879 projects/nfsv4.1-server. Since this includes changes to the
1880 internal interfaces between the NFS related modules, a full
1881 build of the kernel and modules will be necessary.
1882 __FreeBSD_version has been bumped.
1885 The WITHOUT_VT_SUPPORT kernel config knob has been renamed
1886 WITHOUT_VT. (The other _SUPPORT knobs have a consistent meaning
1887 which differs from the behaviour controlled by this knob.)
1890 Maximal length of the serial number in CTL was increased from 16 to
1891 64 chars, that breaks ABI. All CTL-related tools, such as ctladm
1892 and ctld, need to be rebuilt to work with a new kernel.
1895 The libatf-c and libatf-c++ major versions were downgraded to 0 and
1896 1 respectively to match the upstream numbers. They were out of
1897 sync because, when they were originally added to FreeBSD, the
1898 upstream versions were not respected. These libraries are private
1899 and not yet built by default, so renumbering them should be a
1900 non-issue. However, unclean source trees will yield broken test
1901 programs once the operator executes "make delete-old-libs" after a
1902 "make installworld".
1904 Additionally, the atf-sh binary was made private by moving it into
1905 /usr/libexec/. Already-built shell test programs will keep the
1906 path to the old binary so they will break after "make delete-old"
1909 If you are using WITH_TESTS=yes (not the default), wipe the object
1910 tree and rebuild from scratch to prevent spurious test failures.
1911 This is only needed once: the misnumbered libraries and misplaced
1912 binaries have been added to OptionalObsoleteFiles.inc so they will
1913 be removed during a clean upgrade.
1916 Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.4.1 release.
1919 We bogusly installed src.opts.mk in /usr/share/mk. This file should
1920 be removed to avoid issues in the future (and has been added to
1924 /etc/src.conf now affects only builds of the FreeBSD src tree. In the
1925 past, it affected all builds that used the bsd.*.mk files. The old
1926 behavior was a bug, but people may have relied upon it. To get this
1927 behavior back, you can .include /etc/src.conf from /etc/make.conf
1928 (which is still global and isn't changed). This also changes the
1929 behavior of incremental builds inside the tree of individual
1930 directories. Set MAKESYSPATH to ".../share/mk" to do that.
1931 Although this has survived make universe and some upgrade scenarios,
1932 other upgrade scenarios may have broken. At least one form of
1933 temporary breakage was fixed with MAKESYSPATH settings for buildworld
1934 as well... In cases where MAKESYSPATH isn't working with this
1935 setting, you'll need to set it to the full path to your tree.
1937 One side effect of all this cleaning up is that bsd.compiler.mk
1938 is no longer implicitly included by bsd.own.mk. If you wish to
1939 use COMPILER_TYPE, you must now explicitly include bsd.compiler.mk
1943 The lindev device has been removed since /dev/full has been made a
1944 standard device. __FreeBSD_version has been bumped.
1947 The knob WITHOUT_VI was added to the base system, which controls
1948 building ex(1), vi(1), etc. Older releases of FreeBSD required ex(1)
1949 in order to reorder files share/termcap and didn't build ex(1) as a
1950 build tool, so building/installing with WITH_VI is highly advised for
1951 build hosts for older releases.
1953 This issue has been fixed in stable/9 and stable/10 in r277022 and
1954 r276991, respectively.
1957 The YES_HESIOD knob has been removed. It has been obsolete for
1958 a decade. Please move to using WITH_HESIOD instead or your builds
1959 will silently lack HESIOD.
1962 The uart(4) driver has been changed with respect to its handling
1963 of the low-level console. Previously the uart(4) driver prevented
1964 any process from changing the baudrate or the CLOCAL and HUPCL
1965 control flags. By removing the restrictions, operators can make
1966 changes to the serial console port without having to reboot.
1967 However, when getty(8) is started on the serial device that is
1968 associated with the low-level console, a misconfigured terminal
1969 line in /etc/ttys will now have a real impact.
1970 Before upgrading the kernel, make sure that /etc/ttys has the
1971 serial console device configured as 3wire without baudrate to
1972 preserve the previous behaviour. E.g:
1973 ttyu0 "/usr/libexec/getty 3wire" vt100 on secure
1976 Support for libwrap (TCP wrappers) in rpcbind was disabled by default
1977 to improve performance. To re-enable it, if needed, run rpcbind
1978 with command line option -W.
1981 Switched back to the GPL dtc compiler due to updates in the upstream
1982 dts files not being supported by the BSDL dtc compiler. You will need
1983 to rebuild your kernel toolchain to pick up the new compiler. Core dumps
1984 may result while building dtb files during a kernel build if you fail
1985 to do so. Set WITHOUT_GPL_DTC if you require the BSDL compiler.
1988 Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.4 release.
1991 The nve(4) driver has been removed. Please use the nfe(4) driver
1992 for NVIDIA nForce MCP Ethernet adapters instead.
1995 An ABI incompatibility crept into the libc++ 3.4 import in r261283.
1996 This could cause certain C++ applications using shared libraries built
1997 against the previous version of libc++ to crash. The incompatibility
1998 has now been fixed, but any C++ applications or shared libraries built
1999 between r261283 and r261801 should be recompiled.
2002 OpenSSH will now ignore errors caused by kernel lacking of Capsicum
2003 capability mode support. Please note that enabling the feature in
2004 kernel is still highly recommended.
2007 OpenSSH is now built with sandbox support, and will use sandbox as
2008 the default privilege separation method. This requires Capsicum
2009 capability mode support in kernel.
2012 The libelf and libdwarf libraries have been updated to newer
2013 versions from upstream. Shared library version numbers for
2014 these two libraries were bumped. Any ports or binaries
2015 requiring these two libraries should be recompiled.
2016 __FreeBSD_version is bumped to 1100006.
2019 If a Makefile in a tests/ directory was auto-generating a Kyuafile
2020 instead of providing an explicit one, this would prevent such
2021 Makefile from providing its own Kyuafile in the future during
2022 NO_CLEAN builds. This has been fixed in the Makefiles but manual
2023 intervention is needed to clean an objdir if you use NO_CLEAN:
2024 # find /usr/obj -name Kyuafile | xargs rm -f
2027 The behavior of gss_pseudo_random() for the krb5 mechanism
2028 has changed, for applications requesting a longer random string
2029 than produced by the underlying enctype's pseudo-random() function.
2030 In particular, the random string produced from a session key of
2031 enctype aes256-cts-hmac-sha1-96 or aes256-cts-hmac-sha1-96 will
2032 be different at the 17th octet and later, after this change.
2033 The counter used in the PRF+ construction is now encoded as a
2034 big-endian integer in accordance with RFC 4402.
2035 __FreeBSD_version is bumped to 1100004.
2038 The WITHOUT_ATF build knob has been removed and its functionality
2039 has been subsumed into the more generic WITHOUT_TESTS. If you were
2040 using the former to disable the build of the ATF libraries, you
2041 should change your settings to use the latter.
2044 The default version of mtree is nmtree which is obtained from
2045 NetBSD. The output is generally the same, but may vary
2046 slightly. If you found you need identical output adding
2047 "-F freebsd9" to the command line should do the trick. For the
2048 time being, the old mtree is available as fmtree.
2051 libbsdyml has been renamed to libyaml and moved to /usr/lib/private.
2052 This will break ports-mgmt/pkg. Rebuild the port, or upgrade to pkg
2053 1.1.4_8 and verify bsdyml not linked in, before running "make
2055 # make -C /usr/ports/ports-mgmt/pkg build deinstall install clean
2057 # pkg install pkg; ldd /usr/local/sbin/pkg | grep bsdyml
2060 The stable/10 branch has been created in subversion from head
2067 Sometimes, obscure build problems are the result of environment
2068 poisoning. This can happen because the make utility reads its
2069 environment when searching for values for global variables. To run
2070 your build attempts in an "environmental clean room", prefix all make
2071 commands with 'env -i '. See the env(1) manual page for more details.
2072 Occasionally a build failure will occur with "make -j" due to a race
2073 condition. If this happens try building again without -j, and please
2074 report a bug if it happens consistently.
2076 When upgrading from one major version to another it is generally best to
2077 upgrade to the latest code in the currently installed branch first, then
2078 do an upgrade to the new branch. This is the best-tested upgrade path,
2079 and has the highest probability of being successful. Please try this
2080 approach if you encounter problems with a major version upgrade. Since
2081 the stable 4.x branch point, one has generally been able to upgrade from
2082 anywhere in the most recent stable branch to head / current (or even the
2083 last couple of stable branches). See the top of this file when there's
2086 The update process will emit an error on an attempt to perform a build
2087 or install from a FreeBSD version below the earliest supported version.
2088 When updating from an older version the update should be performed one
2089 major release at a time, including running `make delete-old` at each
2092 When upgrading a live system, having a root shell around before
2093 installing anything can help undo problems. Not having a root shell
2094 around can lead to problems if pam has changed too much from your
2095 starting point to allow continued authentication after the upgrade.
2097 This file should be read as a log of events. When a later event changes
2098 information of a prior event, the prior event should not be deleted.
2099 Instead, a pointer to the entry with the new information should be
2100 placed in the old entry. Readers of this file should also sanity check
2101 older entries before relying on them blindly. Authors of new entries
2102 should write them with this in mind.
2106 When upgrading the boot ZFS pool to a new version, always follow
2109 1.) recompile and reinstall the ZFS boot loader and boot block
2110 (this is part of "make buildworld" and "make installworld")
2112 2.) update the ZFS boot block on your boot drive
2114 The following example updates the ZFS boot block on the first
2115 partition (freebsd-boot) of a GPT partitioned drive ada0:
2116 "gpart bootcode -p /boot/gptzfsboot -i 1 ada0"
2118 Non-boot pools do not need these updates.
2122 If you are updating from a prior version of FreeBSD (even one just
2123 a few days old), you should follow this procedure. It is the most
2124 failsafe as it uses a /usr/obj tree with a fresh mini-buildworld,
2126 make kernel-toolchain
2127 make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2128 make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2130 To test a kernel once
2131 ---------------------
2132 If you just want to boot a kernel once (because you are not sure
2133 if it works, or if you want to boot a known bad kernel to provide
2134 debugging information) run
2135 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE KODIR=/boot/testkernel
2136 nextboot -k testkernel
2138 To rebuild everything and install it on the current system.
2139 -----------------------------------------------------------
2140 # Note: sometimes if you are running current you gotta do more than
2141 # is listed here if you are upgrading from a really old current.
2143 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
2145 make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2146 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2148 <reboot in single user> [3]
2155 To cross-install current onto a separate partition
2156 --------------------------------------------------
2157 # In this approach we use a separate partition to hold
2158 # current's root, 'usr', and 'var' directories. A partition
2159 # holding "/", "/usr" and "/var" should be about 2GB in
2162 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
2165 make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2166 <maybe newfs current's root partition>
2167 <mount current's root partition on directory ${CURRENT_ROOT}>
2168 make installworld DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} -DDB_FROM_SRC
2169 make distribution DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} # if newfs'd
2170 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT}
2171 cp /etc/fstab ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab # if newfs'd
2172 <edit ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab to mount "/" from the correct partition>
2173 <reboot into current>
2174 <do a "native" rebuild/install as described in the previous section>
2175 <maybe install compatibility libraries from ports/misc/compat*>
2179 To upgrade in-place from stable to current
2180 ----------------------------------------------
2181 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
2183 make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE [8]
2184 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2186 <reboot in single user> [3]
2193 Make sure that you've read the UPDATING file to understand the
2194 tweaks to various things you need. At this point in the life
2195 cycle of current, things change often and you are on your own
2196 to cope. The defaults can also change, so please read ALL of
2197 the UPDATING entries.
2199 Also, if you are tracking -current, you must be subscribed to
2200 freebsd-current@freebsd.org. Make sure that before you update
2201 your sources that you have read and understood all the recent
2202 messages there. If in doubt, please track -stable which has
2203 much fewer pitfalls.
2205 [1] If you have third party modules, such as vmware, you
2206 should disable them at this point so they don't crash your
2209 [3] From the bootblocks, boot -s, and then do
2213 sh /etc/rc.d/zfs start # mount zfs filesystem, if needed
2214 cd src # full path to source
2215 adjkerntz -i # if CMOS is wall time
2216 Also, when doing a major release upgrade, it is required that
2217 you boot into single user mode to do the installworld.
2219 [4] Note: This step is non-optional. Failure to do this step
2220 can result in a significant reduction in the functionality of the
2221 system. Attempting to do it by hand is not recommended and those
2222 that pursue this avenue should read this file carefully, as well
2223 as the archives of freebsd-current and freebsd-hackers mailing lists
2224 for potential gotchas. The -U option is also useful to consider.
2225 See mergemaster(8) for more information.
2227 [5] Usually this step is a no-op. However, from time to time
2228 you may need to do this if you get unknown user in the following
2229 step. It never hurts to do it all the time. You may need to
2230 install a new mergemaster (cd src/usr.sbin/mergemaster && make
2231 install) after the buildworld before this step if you last updated
2232 from current before 20130425 or from -stable before 20130430.
2234 [6] This only deletes old files and directories. Old libraries
2235 can be deleted by "make delete-old-libs", but you have to make
2236 sure that no program is using those libraries anymore.
2238 [8] The new kernel must be able to run existing binaries used by an
2239 installworld. When upgrading across major versions, the new kernel's
2240 configuration must include the correct COMPAT_FREEBSD<n> option for
2241 existing binaries (e.g. COMPAT_FREEBSD11 to run 11.x binaries). Failure
2242 to do so may leave you with a system that is hard to boot to recover. A
2243 GENERIC kernel will include suitable compatibility options to run
2244 binaries from older branches. Note that the ability to run binaries
2245 from unsupported branches is not guaranteed.
2247 Make sure that you merge any new devices from GENERIC since the
2248 last time you updated your kernel config file. Options also
2249 change over time, so you may need to adjust your custom kernels
2252 [9] If CPUTYPE is defined in your /etc/make.conf, make sure to use the
2253 "?=" instead of the "=" assignment operator, so that buildworld can
2254 override the CPUTYPE if it needs to.
2256 MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX must be defined in an environment variable, and
2257 not on the command line, or in /etc/make.conf. buildworld will
2258 warn if it is improperly defined.
2261 This file contains a list, in reverse chronological order, of major
2262 breakages in tracking -current. It is not guaranteed to be a complete
2263 list of such breakages, and only contains entries since September 23, 2011.
2264 If you need to see UPDATING entries from before that date, you will need
2265 to fetch an UPDATING file from an older FreeBSD release.
2267 Copyright information:
2269 Copyright 1998-2009 M. Warner Losh <imp@FreeBSD.org>
2271 Redistribution, publication, translation and use, with or without
2272 modification, in full or in part, in any form or format of this
2273 document are permitted without further permission from the author.
2275 THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED BY WARNER LOSH ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
2276 IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
2277 WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
2278 DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL WARNER LOSH BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT,
2279 INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
2280 (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
2281 SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
2282 HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT,
2283 STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING
2284 IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
2285 POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
2287 Contact Warner Losh if you have any questions about your use of