1 Updating Information for FreeBSD current users.
3 This file is maintained and copyrighted by M. Warner Losh <imp@freebsd.org>.
4 See end of file for further details. For commonly done items, please see the
5 COMMON ITEMS: section later in the file. These instructions assume that you
6 basically know what you are doing. If not, then please consult the FreeBSD
9 https://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/makeworld.html
11 Items affecting the ports and packages system can be found in
12 /usr/ports/UPDATING. Please read that file before running portupgrade.
14 NOTE TO PEOPLE WHO THINK THAT FreeBSD 13.x IS SLOW:
15 FreeBSD 13.x has many debugging features turned on, in both the kernel
16 and userland. These features attempt to detect incorrect use of
17 system primitives, and encourage loud failure through extra sanity
18 checking and fail stop semantics. They also substantially impact
19 system performance. If you want to do performance measurement,
20 benchmarking, and optimization, you'll want to turn them off. This
21 includes various WITNESS- related kernel options, INVARIANTS, malloc
22 debugging flags in userland, and various verbose features in the
23 kernel. Many developers choose to disable these features on build
24 machines to maximize performance. (To completely disable malloc
25 debugging, define MALLOC_PRODUCTION in /etc/make.conf, or to merely
26 disable the most expensive debugging functionality run
27 "ln -s 'abort:false,junk:false' /etc/malloc.conf".)
30 Upstream DTS from Linux 5.6 was merged and they now have the SID
31 and THS (Secure ID controller and THermal Sensor) node present.
32 The DTB overlays have now been removed from the tree for the H3/H5 and
33 A64 SoCs and the aw_sid and aw_thermal driver have been updated to
34 deal with upstream DTS. If you are using those overlays you need to
35 remove them from loader.conf and update the DTBs on the FAT partition.
38 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
39 been upgraded to 10.0.0. Please see the 20141231 entry below for
40 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
41 using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
44 The amd(8) automount daemon has been removed from the source tree.
45 As of FreeBSD 10.1 autofs(5) is the preferred tool for automounting.
46 amd is still available in the sysutils/am-utils port.
49 Removed brooktree driver (bktr.4) from the tree.
52 The WITH_GPL_DTC option has been removed. The BSD-licenced device tree
53 compiler in usr.bin/dtc is used on all architectures which use dtc, and
54 the GPL dtc is available (if needed) from the sysutils/dtc port.
57 The WITHOUT_LLVM_LIBUNWIND option has been removed. LLVM's libunwind
58 is used by all supported CPU architectures.
61 GCC 4.2.1 has been removed from the tree. The WITH_GCC,
62 WITH_GCC_BOOTSTRAP, and WITH_GNUCXX options are no longer available.
63 Users who wish to build FreeBSD with GCC must use the external toolchain
67 ncurses has been updated to a newer version (6.2-20200215). Given the ABI
68 has changed, users will have to rebuild all the ports that are linked to
72 The size of struct vnet and the magic cookie have changed.
73 Users need to recompile libkvm and all modules using VIMAGE
74 together with their new kernel.
77 Defining the long deprecated NO_CTF, NO_DEBUG_FILES, NO_INSTALLLIB,
78 NO_MAN, NO_PROFILE, and NO_WARNS variables is now an error. Update
79 your Makefiles and scripts to define MK_<var>=no instead as required.
81 One exception to this is that program or library Makefiles should
82 define MAN to empty rather than setting MK_MAN=no.
85 Clang/LLVM is now the default compiler and LLD the default
89 make universe no longer uses GCC 4.2.1 on any architectures.
90 Architectures not supported by in-tree Clang/LLVM require an
91 external toolchain package.
94 GCC 4.2.1 is now not built by default, as part of the GCC 4.2.1
95 retirement plan. Specifically, the GCC, GCC_BOOTSTRAP, and GNUCXX
96 options default to off for all supported CPU architectures. As a
97 short-term transition aid they may be enabled via WITH_* options.
98 GCC 4.2.1 is expected to be removed from the tree on 2020-03-31.
101 Support for armv5 has been disconnected and is being removed. The
102 machine combination MACHINE=arm MACHINE_ARCH=arm is no longer valid.
103 You must now use a MACHINE_ARCH of armv6 or armv7. The default
104 MACHINE_ARCH for MACHINE=arm is now armv7.
107 Clang/LLVM is now the default compiler for all powerpc architectures.
108 LLD is now the default linker for powerpc64. The change for powerpc64
109 also includes a change to the ELFv2 ABI, incompatible with the existing
113 Kernel-loadable random(4) modules are no longer unloadable.
116 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
117 been upgraded to 9.0.1. Please see the 20141231 entry below for
118 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
119 using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
122 r355677 has modified the internal interface used between the
123 NFS modules in the kernel. As such, they must all be upgraded
124 simultaneously. I will do a version bump for this.
127 The root certificates of the Mozilla CA Certificate Store have been
128 imported into the base system and can be managed with the certctl(8)
129 utility. If you have installed the security/ca_root_nss port or package
130 with the ETCSYMLINK option (the default), be advised that there may be
131 differences between those included in the port and those included in
132 base due to differences in nss branch used as well as general update
133 frequency. Note also that certctl(8) cannot manage certs in the
134 format used by the security/ca_root_nss port.
137 The amd(8) automount daemon has been disabled by default, and will be
138 removed in the future. As of FreeBSD 10.1 the autofs(5) is available
142 The nctgpio and wbwd drivers have been moved to the superio bus.
143 If you have one of these drivers in a kernel configuration, then
144 you should add device superio to it. If you use one of these drivers
145 as a module and you compile a custom set of modules, then you should
146 add superio to the set.
149 KPIs for network drivers to access interface addresses have changed.
150 Users need to recompile NIC driver modules together with kernel.
153 The net.link.tap.user_open sysctl no longer prevents user opening of
154 already created /dev/tapNN devices. Access is still controlled by
155 node permissions, just like tun devices. The net.link.tap.user_open
156 sysctl is now used only to allow users to perform devfs cloning of
157 tap devices, and the subsequent open may not succeed if the user is not
158 in the appropriate group. This sysctl may be deprecated/removed
159 completely in the future.
162 mips, powerpc, and sparc64 are no longer built as part of
163 universe / tinderbox unless MAKE_OBSOLETE_GCC is defined. If
164 not defined, mips, powerpc, and sparc64 builds will look for
165 the xtoolchain binaries and if installed use them for universe
166 builds. As llvm 9.0 becomes vetted for these architectures, they
167 will be removed from the list.
170 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
171 been upgraded to 9.0.0. Please see the 20141231 entry below for
172 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
173 using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
176 The hpt27xx, hptmv, hptnr, and hptrr drivers have been removed from
177 GENERIC. They are available as modules and can be loaded by adding
178 to /boot/loader.conf hpt27xx_load="YES", hptmv_load="YES",
179 hptnr_load="YES", or hptrr_load="YES", respectively.
182 ntpd no longer by default locks its pages in memory, allowing them
183 to be paged out by the kernel. Use rlimit memlock to restore
184 historic BSD behaviour. For example, add "rlimit memlock 32"
185 to ntp.conf to lock up to 32 MB of ntpd address space in memory.
188 Several of ping6's options have been renamed for better consistency
189 with ping. If you use any of -ARWXaghmrtwx, you must update your
190 scripts. See ping6(8) for details.
193 The vfs.fusefs.sync_unmount and vfs.fusefs.init_backgrounded sysctls
194 and the "-o sync_unmount" and "-o init_backgrounded" mount options have
195 been removed from mount_fusefs(8). You can safely remove them from
196 your scripts, because they had no effect.
198 The vfs.fusefs.fix_broken_io, vfs.fusefs.sync_resize,
199 vfs.fusefs.refresh_size, vfs.fusefs.mmap_enable,
200 vfs.fusefs.reclaim_revoked, and vfs.fusefs.data_cache_invalidate
201 sysctls have been removed. If you felt the need to set any of them to
202 a non-default value, please tell asomers@FreeBSD.org why.
205 Default permissions on the /var/account/acct file (and copies of it
206 rotated by periodic daily scripts) are changed from 0644 to 0640
207 because the file contains sensitive information that should not be
208 world-readable. If the /var/account directory must be created by
209 rc.d/accounting, the mode used is now 0750. Admins who use the
210 accounting feature are encouraged to change the mode of an existing
211 /var/account directory to 0750 or 0700.
214 Entropy collection and the /dev/random device are no longer optional
215 components. The "device random" option has been removed.
216 Implementations of distilling algorithms can still be made loadable
217 with "options RANDOM_LOADABLE" (e.g., random_fortuna.ko).
220 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
221 been upgraded to 8.0.1. Please see the 20141231 entry below for
222 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
223 using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
226 A fix was applied to i386 kernel modules to avoid panics with
227 dpcpu or vnet. Users need to recompile i386 kernel modules
228 having pcpu or vnet sections or they will refuse to load.
231 User-wired pages now have their own counter,
232 vm.stats.vm.v_user_wire_count. The vm.max_wired sysctl was renamed
233 to vm.max_user_wired and changed from an unsigned int to an unsigned
234 long. bhyve VMs wired with the -S are now subject to the user
235 wiring limit; the vm.max_user_wired sysctl may need to be tuned to
236 avoid running into the limit.
239 The IPSEC option has been removed from GENERIC. Users requiring
240 ipsec(4) must now load the ipsec(4) kernel module.
243 The tap(4) driver has been folded into tun(4), and the module has been
244 renamed to tuntap. You should update any kld_list="if_tap" or
245 kld_list="if_tun" entries in /etc/rc.conf, if_tap_load="YES" or
246 if_tun_load="YES" entries in /boot/loader.conf to load the if_tuntap
247 module instead, and "device tap" or "device tun" entries in kernel
248 config files to select the tuntap device instead.
251 The following knobs have been added related to tradeoffs between
252 safe use of the random device and availability in the absence of
255 kern.random.initial_seeding.bypass_before_seeding: tunable; set
256 non-zero to bypass the random device prior to seeding, or zero to
257 block random requests until the random device is initially seeded.
258 For now, set to 1 (unsafe) by default to restore pre-r346250 boot
259 availability properties.
261 kern.random.initial_seeding.read_random_bypassed_before_seeding:
262 read-only diagnostic sysctl that is set when bypass is enabled and
263 read_random(9) is bypassed, to enable programmatic handling of this
264 initial condition, if desired.
266 kern.random.initial_seeding.arc4random_bypassed_before_seeding:
267 Similar to the above, but for for arc4random(9) initial seeding.
269 kern.random.initial_seeding.disable_bypass_warnings: tunable; set
270 non-zero to disable warnings in dmesg when the same conditions are
271 met as for the diagnostic sysctls above. Defaults to zero, i.e.,
272 produce warnings in dmesg when the conditions are met.
275 The loadable random module KPI has changed; the random_infra_init()
276 routine now requires a 3rd function pointer for a bool (*)(void)
277 method that returns true if the random device is seeded (and
278 therefore unblocked).
281 r345895 reverts r320698. This implies that an nfsuserd(8) daemon
282 built from head sources between r320757 (July 6, 2017) and
283 r338192 (Aug. 22, 2018) will not work unless the "-use-udpsock"
284 is added to the command line.
285 nfsuserd daemons built from head sources that are post-r338192 are
286 not affected and should continue to work.
289 The fuse(4) module has been renamed to fusefs(4) for consistency with
290 other filesystems. You should update any kld_load="fuse" entries in
291 /etc/rc.conf, fuse_load="YES" entries in /boot/loader.conf, and
292 "options FUSE" entries in kernel config files.
295 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
296 8.0.0. Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
297 prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
301 geom_uzip(4) depends on the new module xz. If geom_uzip is statically
302 compiled into your custom kernel, add 'device xz' statement to the
306 drm and drm2 have been removed from the tree. Please see
307 https://wiki.freebsd.org/Graphics for the latest information on
308 migrating to the drm ports.
311 Iflib is no longer unconditionally compiled into the kernel. Drivers
312 using iflib and statically compiled into the kernel, now require
313 the 'device iflib' config option. For the same drivers loaded as
314 modules on kernels not having 'device iflib', the iflib.ko module
315 is loaded automatically.
318 The IEEE80211_AMPDU_AGE and AH_SUPPORT_AR5416 kernel configuration
319 options no longer exist since r343219 and r343427 respectively;
320 nothing uses them, so they should be just removed from custom
324 r342635 changes the way efibootmgr(8) works by requiring users to add
325 the -b (bootnum) parameter for commands where the bootnum was previously
326 specified with each option. For example 'efibootmgr -B 0001' is now
327 'efibootmgr -B -b 0001'.
330 r342286 modifies the NFSv4 server so that it obeys vfs.nfsd.nfs_privport
331 in the same as it is applied to NFSv2 and 3. This implies that NFSv4
332 servers that have vfs.nfsd.nfs_privport set will only allow mounts
333 from clients using a reserved port#. Since both the FreeBSD and Linux
334 NFSv4 clients use reserved port#s by default, this should not affect
338 The XLP config has been removed. We can't support 64-bit atomics in this
339 kernel because it is running in 32-bit mode. XLP users must transition
340 to running a 64-bit kernel (XLP64 or XLPN32).
342 The mips GXEMUL support has been removed from FreeBSD. MALTA* + qemu is
343 the preferred emulator today and we don't need two different ones.
345 The old sibyte / swarm / Broadcom BCM1250 support has been
346 removed from the mips port.
349 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
350 7.0.1. Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
351 prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
355 Remove the timed and netdate programs from the base tree. Setting
356 the time with these daemons has been obsolete for over a decade.
359 On amd64, arm64 and armv7 (architectures that install LLVM's ld.lld
360 linker as /usr/bin/ld) GNU ld is no longer installed as ld.bfd, as
361 it produces broken binaries when ifuncs are in use. Users needing
362 GNU ld should install the binutils port or package.
365 The BSD crtbegin and crtend code has been enabled by default. It has
366 had extensive testing on amd64, arm64, and i386. It can be disabled
367 by building a world with -DWITHOUT_BSD_CRTBEGIN.
370 The set of CTM commands (ctm, ctm_smail, ctm_rmail, ctm_dequeue)
371 has been converted to a port (misc/ctm) and will be removed from
372 FreeBSD-13. It is available as a package (ctm) for all supported
376 The default newsyslog.conf(5) file has been changed to only include
377 files in /etc/newsyslog.conf.d/ and /usr/local/etc/newsyslog.conf.d/ if
378 the filenames end in '.conf' and do not begin with a '.'.
380 You should check the configuration files in these two directories match
381 this naming convention. You can verify which configuration files are
382 being included using the command:
386 Ports for the DRM modules have been simplified. Now, amd64 users should
387 just install the drm-kmod port. All others should install
390 Graphics hardware that's newer than about 2010 usually works with
391 drm-kmod. For hardware older than 2013, however, some users will need
392 to use drm-legacy-kmod if drm-kmod doesn't work for them. Hardware older
393 than 2008 usually only works in drm-legacy-kmod. The graphics team can
394 only commit to hardware made since 2013 due to the complexity of the
395 market and difficulty to test all the older cards effectively. If you
396 have hardware supported by drm-kmod, you are strongly encouraged to use
397 that as you will get better support.
399 Other than KPI chasing, drm-legacy-kmod will not be updated. As outlined
400 elsewhere, the drm and drm2 modules will be eliminated from the src base
401 soon (with a limited exception for arm). Please update to the package
402 asap and report any issues to x11@freebsd.org.
404 Generally, anybody using the drm*-kmod packages should add
405 WITHOUT_DRM_MODULE=t and WITHOUT_DRM2_MODULE=t to avoid nasty
406 cross-threading surprises, especially with automatic driver
407 loading from X11 startup. These will become the defaults in 13-current
411 The ixlv(4) driver has been renamed to iavf(4). As a consequence,
412 custom kernel and module loading configuration files must be updated
413 accordingly. Moreover, interfaces previous presented as ixlvN to the
414 system are now exposed as iavfN and network configuration files must
415 be adjusted as necessary.
418 OpenSSL has been updated to version 1.1.1. This update included
419 additional various API changes throughout the base system. It is
420 important to rebuild third-party software after upgrading. The value
421 of __FreeBSD_version has been bumped accordingly.
424 The legacy DRM modules and drivers have now been added to the loader's
425 module blacklist, in favor of loading them with kld_list in rc.conf(5).
426 The module blacklist may be overridden with the loader.conf(5)
427 'module_blacklist' variable, but loading them via rc.conf(5) is strongly
431 The cam(4) based nda(4) driver will be used over nvd(4) by default on
432 powerpc64. You may set 'options NVME_USE_NVD=1' in your kernel conf or
433 loader tunable 'hw.nvme.use_nvd=1' if you wish to use the existing
434 driver. Make sure to edit /boot/etc/kboot.conf and fstab to use the
438 Reproducible build mode is now on by default, in preparation for
439 FreeBSD 12.0. This eliminates build metadata such as the user,
440 host, and time from the kernel (and uname), unless the working tree
441 corresponds to a modified checkout from a version control system.
442 The previous behavior can be obtained by setting the /etc/src.conf
443 knob WITHOUT_REPRODUCIBLE_BUILD.
446 The Yarrow CSPRNG has been removed from the kernel as it has not been
447 supported by its designers since at least 2003. Fortuna has been the
448 default since FreeBSD-11.
451 devctl freeze/thaw have gone into the tree, the rc scripts have been
452 updated to use them and devmatch has been changed. You should update
453 kernel, userland and rc scripts all at the same time.
456 The default interpreter has been switched from 4th to Lua.
457 LOADER_DEFAULT_INTERP, documented in build(7), will override the default
458 interpreter. If you have custom FORTH code you will need to set
459 LOADER_DEFAULT_INTERP=4th (valid values are 4th, lua or simp) in
460 src.conf for the build. This will create default hard links between
461 loader and loader_4th instead of loader and loader_lua, the new default.
462 If you are using UEFI it will create the proper hard link to loader.efi.
464 bhyve uses userboot.so. It remains 4th-only until some issues are solved
465 regarding coexisting with multiple versions of FreeBSD are resolved.
468 ls(1) now respects the COLORTERM environment variable used in other
469 systems and software to indicate that a colored terminal is both
470 supported and desired. If ls(1) is suddenly emitting colors, they may
471 be disabled again by either removing the unwanted COLORTERM from your
472 environment, or using `ls --color=never`. The ls(1) specific CLICOLOR
473 may not be observed in a future release.
476 The default pager for most commands has been changed to "less". To
477 restore the old behavior, set PAGER="more" and MANPAGER="more -s" in
481 The jedec_ts(4) driver has been removed. A superset of its functionality
482 is available in the jedec_dimm(4) driver, and the manpage for that
483 driver includes migration instructions. If you have "device jedec_ts"
484 in your kernel configuration file, it must be removed.
487 amd64/GENERIC now has EFI runtime services, EFIRT, enabled by default.
488 This should have no effect if the kernel is booted via BIOS/legacy boot.
489 EFIRT may be disabled via a loader tunable, efi.rt.disabled, if a system
490 has a buggy firmware that prevents a successful boot due to use of
494 Atmel AT91RM9200 and AT91SAM9, Cavium CNS 11xx and XScale
495 support has been removed from the tree. These ports were
496 obsolete and/or known to be broken for many years.
499 loader.efi has been augmented to participate more fully in the
500 UEFI boot manager protocol. loader.efi will now look at the
501 BootXXXX environment variable to determine if a specific kernel
502 or root partition was specified. XXXX is derived from BootCurrent.
503 efibootmgr(8) manages these standard UEFI variables.
506 zfsloader's functionality has now been folded into loader.
507 zfsloader is no longer necessary once you've updated your
508 boot blocks. For a transition period, we will install a
509 hardlink for zfsloader to loader to allow a smooth transition
510 until the boot blocks can be updated (hard link because old
511 zfs boot blocks don't understand symlinks).
514 ARM64 now have efifb support, if you want to have serial console
515 on your arm64 board when an screen is connected and the bootloader
516 setup a frame buffer for us to use, just add :
520 For Raspberry Pi 3 (RPI) users, this is needed even if you don't have
521 an screen connected as the firmware will setup a frame buffer are that
522 u-boot will expose as an EFI frame buffer.
525 New uid:gid added, ntpd:ntpd (123:123). Be sure to run mergemaster
526 or take steps to update /etc/passwd before doing installworld on
527 existing systems. Do not skip the "mergemaster -Fp" step before
528 installworld, as described in the update procedures near the bottom
529 of this document. Also, rc.d/ntpd now starts ntpd(8) as user ntpd
530 if the new mac_ntpd(4) policy is available, unless ntpd_flags or
531 the ntp config file contain options that change file/dir locations.
532 When such options (e.g., "statsdir" or "crypto") are used, ntpd can
533 still be run as non-root by setting ntpd_user=ntpd in rc.conf, after
534 taking steps to ensure that all required files/dirs are accessible
538 Big endian arm support has been removed.
541 The static environment setup in kernel configs is no longer mutually
542 exclusive with the loader(8) environment by default. In order to
543 restore the previous default behavior of disabling the loader(8)
544 environment if a static environment is present, you must specify
545 loader_env.disabled=1 in the static environment.
548 The ABI of syscalls used by management tools like sockstat and
549 netstat has been broken to allow 32-bit binaries to work on
550 64-bit kernels without modification. These programs will need
551 to match the kernel in order to function. External programs may
552 require minor modifications to accommodate a change of type in
553 structures from pointers to 64-bit virtual addresses.
556 On i386 and amd64 atomics are now inlined. Out of tree modules using
557 atomics will need to be rebuilt.
560 The '%I' format in the kern.corefile sysctl limits the number of
561 core files that a process can generate to the number stored in the
562 debug.ncores sysctl. The '%I' format is replaced by the single digit
563 index. Previously, if all indexes were taken the kernel would overwrite
564 only a core file with the highest index in a filename.
565 Currently the system will create a new core file if there is a free
566 index or if all slots are taken it will overwrite the oldest one.
569 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
570 6.0.1. Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
571 prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
575 r335753 introduced a new quoting method. However, etc/devd/devmatch.conf
576 needed to be changed to work with it. This change was made with r335763
577 and requires a mergemaster / etcupdate / etc to update the installed
581 r334930 changed the interface between the NFS modules, so they all
582 need to be rebuilt. r335018 did a __FreeBSD_version bump for this.
585 As of r334391 lld is the default amd64 system linker; it is installed
586 as /usr/bin/ld. Kernel build workarounds (see 20180510 entry) are no
590 The kernel / userland interface for devinfo changed, so you'll
591 need a new kernel and userland as a pair for it to work (rebuilding
592 lib/libdevinfo is all that's required). devinfo and devmatch will
593 not work, but everything else will when there's a mismatch.
596 The on-disk format for hwpmc callchain records has changed to include
597 threadid corresponding to a given record. This changes the field offsets
598 and thus requires that libpmcstat be rebuilt before using a kernel
602 The vxge(4) driver has been removed. This driver was introduced into
603 HEAD one week before the Exar left the Ethernet market and is not
604 known to be used. If you have device vxge in your kernel config file
608 The amd64 kernel now requires a ld that supports ifunc to produce a
609 working kernel, either lld or a newer binutils. lld is built by default
610 on amd64, and the 'buildkernel' target uses it automatically. However,
611 it is not the default linker, so building the kernel the traditional
612 way requires LD=ld.lld on the command line (or LD=/usr/local/bin/ld for
613 binutils port/package). lld will soon be default, and this requirement
616 NOTE: As of r334391 lld is the default system linker on amd64, and no
617 workaround is necessary.
620 The nxge(4) driver has been removed. This driver was for PCI-X 10g
621 cards made by s2io/Neterion. The company was acquired by Exar and
622 no longer sells or supports Ethernet products. If you have device
623 nxge in your kernel config file it must be removed.
626 The tz database (tzdb) has been updated to 2018e. This version more
627 correctly models time stamps in time zones with negative DST such as
628 Europe/Dublin (from 1971 on), Europe/Prague (1946/7), and
629 Africa/Windhoek (1994/2017). This does not affect the UT offsets, only
630 time zone abbreviations and the tm_isdst flag.
633 The ixgb(4) driver has been removed. This driver was for an early and
634 uncommon legacy PCI 10GbE for a single ASIC, Intel 82597EX. Intel
635 quickly shifted to the long lived ixgbe family. If you have device
636 ixgb in your kernel config file it must be removed.
639 The lmc(4) driver has been removed. This was a WAN interface
640 card that was already reportedly rare in 2003, and had an ambiguous
641 license. If you have device lmc in your kernel config file it must
645 Support for Arcnet networks has been removed. If you have device
646 arcnet or device cm in your kernel config file they must be
650 Support for FDDI networks has been removed. If you have device
651 fddi or device fpa in your kernel config file they must be
655 In addition to supporting RFC 3164 formatted messages, the
656 syslogd(8) service is now capable of parsing RFC 5424 formatted
657 log messages. The main benefit of using RFC 5424 is that clients
658 may now send log messages with timestamps containing year numbers,
659 microseconds and time zone offsets.
661 Similarly, the syslog(3) C library function has been altered to
662 send RFC 5424 formatted messages to the local system logging
663 daemon. On systems using syslogd(8), this change should have no
664 negative impact, as long as syslogd(8) and the C library are
665 updated at the same time. On systems using a different system
666 logging daemon, it may be necessary to make configuration
667 adjustments, depending on the software used.
669 When using syslog-ng, add the 'syslog-protocol' flag to local
670 input sources to enable parsing of RFC 5424 formatted messages:
673 unix-dgram("/var/run/log" flags(syslog-protocol));
676 When using rsyslog, disable the 'SysSock.UseSpecialParser' option
677 of the 'imuxsock' module to let messages be processed by the
678 regular RFC 3164/5424 parsing pipeline:
680 module(load="imuxsock" SysSock.UseSpecialParser="off")
682 Do note that these changes only affect communication between local
683 applications and syslogd(8). The format that syslogd(8) uses to
684 store messages on disk or forward messages to other systems
685 remains unchanged. syslogd(8) still uses RFC 3164 for these
686 purposes. Options to customize this behaviour will be added in the
687 future. Utilities that process log files stored in /var/log are
688 thus expected to continue to function as before.
690 __FreeBSD_version has been incremented to 1200061 to denote this
694 Support for token ring networks has been removed. If you
695 have "device token" in your kernel config you should remove
696 it. No device drivers supported token ring.
699 makefs was modified to be able to tag ISO9660 El Torito boot catalog
700 entries as EFI instead of overloading the i386 tag as done previously.
701 The amd64 mkisoimages.sh script used to build amd64 ISO images for
702 release was updated to use this. This may mean that makefs must be
703 updated before "make cdrom" can be run in the release directory. This
704 should be as simple as:
706 $ cd $SRCDIR/usr.sbin/makefs
707 $ make depend all install
710 FreeBSD boot loader enhanced with Lua scripting. It's purely opt-in for
711 now by building WITH_LOADER_LUA and WITHOUT_FORTH in /etc/src.conf.
712 Co-existence for the transition period will come shortly. Booting is a
713 complex environment and test coverage for Lua-enabled loaders has been
714 thin, so it would be prudent to assume it might not work and make
715 provisions for backup boot methods.
718 devmatch functionality has been turned on in devd. It will automatically
719 load drivers for unattached devices. This may cause unexpected drivers
720 to be loaded. Please report any problems to current@ and
724 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
725 6.0.0. Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
726 prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
730 LLVM's lld linker is now used as the FreeBSD/amd64 bootstrap linker.
731 This means it is used to link the kernel and userland libraries and
732 executables, but is not yet installed as /usr/bin/ld by default.
734 To revert to ld.bfd as the bootstrap linker, in /etc/src.conf set
735 WITHOUT_LLD_BOOTSTRAP=yes
738 On i386, pmtimer has been removed. Its functionality has been folded
739 into apm. It was a no-op on ACPI in current for a while now (but was
740 still needed on i386 in FreeBSD 11 and earlier). Users may need to
741 remove it from kernel config files.
744 The use of RSS hash from the network card aka flowid has been
745 disabled by default for lagg(4) as it's currently incompatible with
746 the lacp and loadbalance protocols.
748 This can be re-enabled by setting the following in loader.conf:
749 net.link.lagg.default_use_flowid="1"
752 The SW_WATCHDOG option is no longer necessary to enable the
753 hardclock-based software watchdog if no hardware watchdog is
754 configured. As before, SW_WATCHDOG will cause the software
755 watchdog to be enabled even if a hardware watchdog is configured.
758 r326887 fixes the issue described in the 20171214 UPDATING entry.
759 r326888 flips the switch back to building GELI support always.
762 r362593 broke ZFS + GELI support for reasons unknown. However,
763 it also broke ZFS support generally, so GELI has been turned off
764 by default as the lesser evil in r326857. If you boot off ZFS and/or
765 GELI, it might not be a good time to update.
768 PowerPC users must update loader(8) by rebuilding world before
769 installing a new kernel, as the protocol connecting them has
770 changed. Without the update, loader metadata will not be passed
771 successfully to the kernel and users will have to enter their
772 root partition at the kernel mountroot prompt to continue booting.
773 Newer versions of loader can boot old kernels without issue.
776 The LOADER_FIREWIRE_SUPPORT build variable as been renamed to
777 WITH/OUT_LOADER_FIREWIRE. LOADER_{NO_,}GELI_SUPPORT has been renamed
778 to WITH/OUT_LOADER_GELI.
781 The naive and non-compliant support of posix_fallocate(2) in ZFS
782 has been removed as of r325320. The system call now returns EINVAL
783 when used on a ZFS file. Although the new behavior complies with the
784 standard, some consumers are not prepared to cope with it.
785 One known victim is lld prior to r325420.
788 Building in a FreeBSD src checkout will automatically create object
789 directories now rather than store files in the current directory if
790 'make obj' was not ran. Calling 'make obj' is no longer necessary.
791 This feature can be disabled by setting WITHOUT_AUTO_OBJ=yes in
792 /etc/src-env.conf (not /etc/src.conf), or passing the option in the
796 The default MAKEOBJDIR has changed from /usr/obj/<srcdir> for native
797 builds, and /usr/obj/<arch>/<srcdir> for cross-builds, to a unified
798 /usr/obj/<srcdir>/<arch>. This behavior can be changed to the old
799 format by setting WITHOUT_UNIFIED_OBJDIR=yes in /etc/src-env.conf,
800 the environment, or with -DWITHOUT_UNIFIED_OBJDIR when building.
801 The UNIFIED_OBJDIR option is a transitional feature that will be
802 removed for 12.0 release; please migrate to the new format for any
803 tools by looking up the OBJDIR used by 'make -V .OBJDIR' means rather
804 than hardcoding paths.
807 The native-xtools target no longer installs the files by default to the
808 OBJDIR. Use the native-xtools-install target with a DESTDIR to install
809 to ${DESTDIR}/${NXTP} where NXTP defaults to /nxb-bin.
812 As part of the boot loader infrastructure cleanup, LOADER_*_SUPPORT
813 options are changing from controlling the build if defined / undefined
814 to controlling the build with explicit 'yes' or 'no' values. They will
815 shift to WITH/WITHOUT options to match other options in the system.
818 libstand has turned into a private library for sys/boot use only.
819 It is no longer supported as a public interface outside of sys/boot.
822 The arm port has split armv6 into armv6 and armv7. armv7 is now
823 a valid TARGET_ARCH/MACHINE_ARCH setting. If you have an armv7 system
824 and are running a kernel from before r324363, you will need to add
825 MACHINE_ARCH=armv7 to 'make buildworld' to do a native build.
828 When building multiple kernels using KERNCONF, non-existent KERNCONF
829 files will produce an error and buildkernel will fail. Previously
830 missing KERNCONF files silently failed giving no indication as to
831 why, only to subsequently discover during installkernel that the
832 desired kernel was never built in the first place.
835 The default serial number format for CTL LUNs has changed. This will
836 affect users who use /dev/diskid/* device nodes, or whose FibreChannel
837 or iSCSI clients care about their LUNs' serial numbers. Users who
838 require serial number stability should hardcode serial numbers in
842 For 32-bit arm compiled for hard-float support, soft-floating point
843 binaries now always get their shared libraries from
844 LD_SOFT_LIBRARY_PATH (in the past, this was only used if
845 /usr/libsoft also existed). Only users with a hard-float ld.so, but
846 soft-float everything else should be affected.
849 The geli password typed at boot is now hidden. To restore the previous
850 behavior, see geli(8) for configuration options.
853 Move PMTUD blackhole counters to TCPSTATS and remove them from bare
854 sysctl values. Minor nit, but requires a rebuild of both world/kernel
858 "make check" behavior (made in ^/head@r295380) has been changed to
859 execute from a limited sandbox, as opposed to executing from
863 - The "beforecheck" and "aftercheck" targets are now specified.
864 - ${CHECKDIR} (added in commit noted above) has been removed.
865 - Legacy behavior can be enabled by setting
866 WITHOUT_MAKE_CHECK_USE_SANDBOX in src.conf(5) or the environment.
868 If the limited sandbox mode is enabled, "make check" will execute
869 "make distribution", then install, execute the tests, and clean up the
870 sandbox if successful.
872 The "make distribution" and "make install" targets are typically run as
873 root to set appropriate permissions and ownership at installation time.
874 The end-user should set "WITH_INSTALL_AS_USER" in src.conf(5) or the
875 environment if executing "make check" with limited sandbox mode using
876 an unprivileged user.
879 Since the switch to GPT disk labels, fsck for UFS/FFS has been
880 unable to automatically find alternate superblocks. As of r322297,
881 the information needed to find alternate superblocks has been
882 moved to the end of the area reserved for the boot block.
883 Filesystems created with a newfs of this vintage or later
884 will create the recovery information. If you have a filesystem
885 created prior to this change and wish to have a recovery block
886 created for your filesystem, you can do so by running fsck in
887 foreground mode (i.e., do not use the -p or -y options). As it
888 starts, fsck will ask ``SAVE DATA TO FIND ALTERNATE SUPERBLOCKS''
889 to which you should answer yes.
892 As of r321665, an NFSv4 server configuration that services
893 Kerberos mounts or clients that do not support the uid/gid in
894 owner/owner_group string capability, must explicitly enable
895 the nfsuserd daemon by adding nfsuserd_enable="YES" to the
896 machine's /etc/rc.conf file.
899 Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 5.0.0.
900 Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
901 and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
904 WITHOUT_RCMDS is now the default. Set WITH_RCMDS if you need the
905 r-commands (rlogin, rsh, etc.) to be built with the base system.
908 The FreeBSD/powerpc platform now uses a 64-bit type for time_t. This is
909 a very major ABI incompatible change, so users of FreeBSD/powerpc must
910 be careful when performing source upgrades. It is best to run
911 'make installworld' from an alternate root system, either a live
912 CD/memory stick, or a temporary root partition. Additionally, all ports
913 must be recompiled. powerpc64 is largely unaffected, except in the case
914 of 32-bit compatibility. All 32-bit binaries will be affected.
917 Forward compatibility for the "ino64" project have been committed. This
918 will allow most new binaries to run on older kernels in a limited
919 fashion. This prevents many of the common foot-shooting actions in the
920 upgrade as well as the limited ability to roll back the kernel across
921 the ino64 upgrade. Complicated use cases may not work properly, though
922 enough simpler ones work to allow recovery in most situations.
925 Switch back to the BSDL dtc (Device Tree Compiler). Set WITH_GPL_DTC
926 if you require the GPL compiler.
929 The internal ABI used for communication between the NFS kernel modules
930 was changed by r320085, so __FreeBSD_version was bumped to
931 ensure all the NFS related modules are updated together.
934 The ABI of struct event was changed by extending the data
935 member to 64bit and adding ext fields. For upgrade, same
936 precautions as for the entry 20170523 "ino64" must be
940 The GNU roff toolchain has been removed from base. To render manpages
941 which are not supported by mandoc(1), man(1) can fallback on GNU roff
942 from ports (and recommends to install it).
943 To render roff(7) documents, consider using GNU roff from ports or the
944 heirloom doctools roff toolchain from ports via pkg install groff or
945 via pkg install heirloom-doctools.
948 The ath(4) and ath_hal(4) modules now build piecemeal to allow for
949 smaller runtime footprint builds. This is useful for embedded systems
950 which only require one chipset support.
952 If you load it as a module, make sure this is in /boot/loader.conf:
956 This will load the HAL, all chip/RF backends and if_ath_pci.
957 If you have if_ath_pci in /boot/loader.conf, ensure it is after
958 if_ath or it will not load any HAL chipset support.
960 If you want to selectively load things (eg on ye cheape ARM/MIPS
961 platforms where RAM is at a premium) you should:
964 * load the chip modules in question
965 * load ath_rate, ath_dfs
967 * load if_ath_pci and/or if_ath_ahb depending upon your particular
968 bus bind type - this is where probe/attach is done.
970 For further comments/feedback, poke adrian@ .
973 The "ino64" 64-bit inode project has been committed, which extends
974 a number of types to 64 bits. Upgrading in place requires care and
975 adherence to the documented upgrade procedure.
977 If using a custom kernel configuration ensure that the
978 COMPAT_FREEBSD11 option is included (as during the upgrade the
979 system will be running the ino64 kernel with the existing world).
981 For the safest in-place upgrade begin by removing previous build
982 artifacts via "rm -rf /usr/obj/*". Then, carefully follow the full
983 procedure documented below under the heading "To rebuild everything and
984 install it on the current system." Specifically, a reboot is required
985 after installing the new kernel before installing world. While an
986 installworld normally works by accident from multiuser after rebooting
987 the proper kernel, there are many cases where this will fail across this
988 upgrade and installworld from single user is required.
991 The NATM framework including the en(4), fatm(4), hatm(4), and
992 patm(4) devices has been removed. Consumers should plan a
993 migration before the end-of-life date for FreeBSD 11.
996 GNU diff has been replaced by a BSD licensed diff. Some features of GNU
997 diff has not been implemented, if those are needed a newer version of
998 GNU diff is available via the diffutils package under the gdiff name.
1001 As of r316810 for ipfilter, keep frags is no longer assumed when
1002 keep state is specified in a rule. r316810 aligns ipfilter with
1003 documentation in man pages separating keep frags from keep state.
1004 This allows keep state to be specified without forcing keep frags
1005 and allows keep frags to be specified independently of keep state.
1006 To maintain previous behaviour, also specify keep frags with
1007 keep state (as documented in ipf.conf.5).
1010 arm64 builds now use the base system LLD 4.0.0 linker by default,
1011 instead of requiring that the aarch64-binutils port or package be
1012 installed. To continue using aarch64-binutils, set
1013 CROSS_BINUTILS_PREFIX=/usr/local/aarch64-freebsd/bin .
1016 The UDP optimization in entry 20160818 that added the sysctl
1017 net.inet.udp.require_l2_bcast has been reverted. L2 broadcast
1018 packets will no longer be treated as L3 broadcast packets.
1021 Binds and sends to the loopback addresses, IPv6 and IPv4, will now
1022 use any explicitly assigned loopback address available in the jail
1023 instead of using the first assigned address of the jail.
1026 The ctl.ko module no longer implements the iSCSI target frontend:
1027 cfiscsi.ko does instead.
1029 If building cfiscsi.ko as a kernel module, the module can be loaded
1030 via one of the following methods:
1031 - `cfiscsi_load="YES"` in loader.conf(5).
1032 - Add `cfiscsi` to `$kld_list` in rc.conf(5).
1033 - ctladm(8)/ctld(8), when compiled with iSCSI support
1034 (`WITH_ISCSI=yes` in src.conf(5))
1036 Please see cfiscsi(4) for more details.
1039 The mmcsd.ko module now additionally depends on geom_flashmap.ko.
1040 Also, mmc.ko and mmcsd.ko need to be a matching pair built from the
1041 same source (previously, the dependency of mmcsd.ko on mmc.ko was
1042 missing, but mmcsd.ko now will refuse to load if it is incompatible
1046 The syntax of ipfw(8) named states was changed to avoid ambiguity.
1047 If you have used named states in the firewall rules, you need to modify
1048 them after installworld and before rebooting. Now named states must
1049 be prefixed with colon.
1052 The old drm (sys/dev/drm/) drivers for i915 and radeon have been
1053 removed as the userland we provide cannot use them. The KMS version
1054 (sys/dev/drm2) supports the same hardware.
1057 Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 4.0.0.
1058 Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1059 and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1062 The code that provides support for ZFS .zfs/ directory functionality
1063 has been reimplemented. It's not possible now to create a snapshot
1064 by mkdir under .zfs/snapshot/. That should be the only user visible
1068 EISA bus support has been removed. The WITH_EISA option is no longer
1072 MCA bus support has been removed.
1075 The WITH_LLD_AS_LD / WITHOUT_LLD_AS_LD build knobs have been renamed
1076 WITH_LLD_IS_LD / WITHOUT_LLD_IS_LD, for consistency with CLANG_IS_CC.
1079 The EM_MULTIQUEUE kernel configuration option is deprecated now that
1080 the em(4) driver conforms to iflib specifications.
1083 The igb(4), em(4) and lem(4) ethernet drivers are now implemented via
1084 IFLIB. If you have a custom kernel configuration that excludes em(4)
1085 but you use igb(4), you need to re-add em(4) to your custom
1089 Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.9.1.
1090 Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1091 and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1094 Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.9.0.
1095 Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1096 and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1099 The layout of the pmap structure has changed for powerpc to put the pmap
1100 statistics at the front for all CPU variations. libkvm(3) and all tools
1101 that link against it need to be recompiled.
1104 isl(4) and cyapa(4) drivers now require a new driver,
1105 chromebook_platform(4), to work properly on Chromebook-class hardware.
1106 On other types of hardware the drivers may need to be configured using
1107 device hints. Please see the corresponding manual pages for details.
1110 The urtwn(4) driver was merged into rtwn(4) and now consists of
1111 rtwn(4) main module + rtwn_usb(4) and rtwn_pci(4) bus-specific
1113 Also, firmware for RTL8188CE was renamed due to possible name
1114 conflict (rtwnrtl8192cU(B) -> rtwnrtl8192cE(B))
1117 GNU rcs has been removed from base. It is available as packages:
1118 - rcs: Latest GPLv3 GNU rcs version.
1119 - rcs57: Copy of the latest version of GNU rcs (GPLv2) before it was
1123 Use of the cc_cdg, cc_chd, cc_hd, or cc_vegas congestion control
1124 modules now requires that the kernel configuration contain the
1125 TCP_HHOOK option. (This option is included in the GENERIC kernel.)
1128 The WITHOUT_ELFCOPY_AS_OBJCOPY src.conf(5) knob has been retired.
1129 ELF Tool Chain's elfcopy is always installed as /usr/bin/objcopy.
1132 Relocatable object files with the extension of .So have been renamed
1133 to use an extension of .pico instead. The purpose of this change is
1134 to avoid a name clash with shared libraries on case-insensitive file
1135 systems. On those file systems, foo.So is the same file as foo.so.
1138 GNU rcs has been turned off by default. It can (temporarily) be built
1139 again by adding WITH_RCS knob in src.conf.
1140 Otherwise, GNU rcs is available from packages:
1141 - rcs: Latest GPLv3 GNU rcs version.
1142 - rcs57: Copy of the latest version of GNU rcs (GPLv2) from base.
1145 The backup_uses_rcs functionality has been removed from rc.subr.
1148 The queue(3) debugging macro, QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG, has been split into
1149 two separate components, QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG_TRACE and
1150 QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG_TRASH. Define both for the original
1151 QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG behavior.
1154 r304787 changed some ioctl interfaces between the iSCSI userspace
1155 programs and the kernel. ctladm, ctld, iscsictl, and iscsid must be
1156 rebuilt to work with new kernels. __FreeBSD_version has been bumped
1160 The UDP receive code has been updated to only treat incoming UDP
1161 packets that were addressed to an L2 broadcast address as L3
1162 broadcast packets. It is not expected that this will affect any
1163 standards-conforming UDP application. The new behaviour can be
1164 disabled by setting the sysctl net.inet.udp.require_l2_bcast to
1168 Remove the openbsd_poll system call.
1169 __FreeBSD_version has been bumped because of this.
1172 The stable/11 branch has been created from head@r302406.
1175 The libc stub for the pipe(2) system call has been replaced with
1176 a wrapper that calls the pipe2(2) system call and the pipe(2)
1177 system call is now only implemented by the kernels that include
1178 "options COMPAT_FREEBSD10" in their config file (this is the
1179 default). Users should ensure that this option is enabled in
1180 their kernel or upgrade userspace to r302092 before upgrading their
1184 CAM will now strip leading spaces from SCSI disks' serial numbers.
1185 This will affect users who create UFS filesystems on SCSI disks using
1186 those disk's diskid device nodes. For example, if /etc/fstab
1187 previously contained a line like
1188 "/dev/diskid/DISK-%20%20%20%20%20%20%20ABCDEFG0123456", you should
1189 change it to "/dev/diskid/DISK-ABCDEFG0123456". Users of geom
1190 transforms like gmirror may also be affected. ZFS users should
1194 The bitstring(3) API has been updated with new functionality and
1195 improved performance. But it is binary-incompatible with the old API.
1196 Objects built with the new headers may not be linked against objects
1197 built with the old headers.
1200 The brk and sbrk functions have been removed from libc on arm64.
1201 Binutils from ports has been updated to not link to these
1202 functions and should be updated to the latest version before
1203 installing a new libc.
1206 The armv6 port now defaults to hard float ABI. Limited support
1207 for running both hardfloat and soft float on the same system
1208 is available using the libraries installed with -DWITH_LIBSOFT.
1209 This has only been tested as an upgrade path for installworld
1210 and packages may fail or need manual intervention to run. New
1211 packages will be needed.
1213 To update an existing self-hosted armv6hf system, you must add
1214 TARGET_ARCH=armv6 on the make command line for both the build
1215 and the install steps.
1218 Kernel modules compiled outside of a kernel build now default to
1219 installing to /boot/modules instead of /boot/kernel. Many kernel
1220 modules built this way (such as those in ports) already overrode
1221 KMODDIR explicitly to install into /boot/modules. However,
1222 manually building and installing a module from /sys/modules will
1223 now install to /boot/modules instead of /boot/kernel.
1226 The CAM I/O scheduler has been committed to the kernel. There should be
1227 no user visible impact. This does enable NCQ Trim on ada SSDs. While the
1228 list of known rogues that claim support for this but actually corrupt
1229 data is believed to be complete, be on the lookout for data
1230 corruption. The known rogue list is believed to be complete:
1232 o Crucial MX100, M550 drives with MU01 firmware.
1233 o Micron M510 and M550 drives with MU01 firmware.
1234 o Micron M500 prior to MU07 firmware
1235 o Samsung 830, 840, and 850 all firmwares
1236 o FCCT M500 all firmwares
1238 Crucial has firmware http://www.crucial.com/usa/en/support-ssd-firmware
1239 with working NCQ TRIM. For Micron branded drives, see your sales rep for
1240 updated firmware. Black listed drives will work correctly because these
1241 drives work correctly so long as no NCQ TRIMs are sent to them. Given
1242 this list is the same as found in Linux, it's believed there are no
1243 other rogues in the market place. All other models from the above
1246 To be safe, if you are at all concerned, you can quirk each of your
1247 drives to prevent NCQ from being sent by setting:
1248 kern.cam.ada.X.quirks="0x2"
1249 in loader.conf. If the drive requires the 4k sector quirk, set the
1250 quirks entry to 0x3.
1253 The FAST_DEPEND build option has been removed and its functionality is
1254 now the one true way. The old mkdep(1) style of 'make depend' has
1255 been removed. See 20160311 for further details.
1258 Resource range types have grown from unsigned long to uintmax_t. All
1259 drivers, and anything using libdevinfo, need to be recompiled.
1262 WITH_FAST_DEPEND is now enabled by default for in-tree and out-of-tree
1263 builds. It no longer runs mkdep(1) during 'make depend', and the
1264 'make depend' stage can safely be skipped now as it is auto ran
1265 when building 'make all' and will generate all SRCS and DPSRCS before
1266 building anything else. Dependencies are gathered at compile time with
1267 -MF flags kept in separate .depend files per object file. Users should
1268 run 'make cleandepend' once if using -DNO_CLEAN to clean out older
1269 stale .depend files.
1272 On amd64, clang 3.8.0 can now insert sections of type AMD64_UNWIND into
1273 kernel modules. Therefore, if you load any kernel modules at boot time,
1274 please install the boot loaders after you install the kernel, but before
1278 make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1279 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1280 make -C sys/boot install
1281 <reboot in single user>
1283 Then follow the usual steps, described in the General Notes section,
1287 Clang, llvm, lldb and compiler-rt have been upgraded to 3.8.0. Please
1288 see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites and
1289 upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1292 The AIO subsystem is now a standard part of the kernel. The
1293 VFS_AIO kernel option and aio.ko kernel module have been removed.
1294 Due to stability concerns, asynchronous I/O requests are only
1295 permitted on sockets and raw disks by default. To enable
1296 asynchronous I/O requests on all file types, set the
1297 vfs.aio.enable_unsafe sysctl to a non-zero value.
1300 The ELF object manipulation tool objcopy is now provided by the
1301 ELF Tool Chain project rather than by GNU binutils. It should be a
1302 drop-in replacement, with the addition of arm64 support. The
1303 (temporary) src.conf knob WITHOUT_ELFCOPY_AS_OBJCOPY knob may be set
1304 to obtain the GNU version if necessary.
1307 Building ZFS pools on top of zvols is prohibited by default. That
1308 feature has never worked safely; it's always been prone to deadlocks.
1309 Using a zvol as the backing store for a VM guest's virtual disk will
1310 still work, even if the guest is using ZFS. Legacy behavior can be
1311 restored by setting vfs.zfs.vol.recursive=1.
1314 The NONE and HPN patches has been removed from OpenSSH. They are
1315 still available in the security/openssh-portable port.
1318 With the addition of ypldap(8), a new _ypldap user is now required
1319 during installworld. "mergemaster -p" can be used to add the user
1320 prior to installworld, as documented in the handbook.
1323 The tftp loader (pxeboot) now uses the option root-path directive. As a
1324 consequence it no longer looks for a pxeboot.4th file on the tftp
1325 server. Instead it uses the regular /boot infrastructure as with the
1329 The code to start recording plug and play data into the modules has
1330 been committed. While the old tools will properly build a new kernel,
1331 a number of warnings about "unknown metadata record 4" will be produced
1332 for an older kldxref. To avoid such warnings, make sure to rebuild
1333 the kernel toolchain (or world). Make sure that you have r292078 or
1334 later when trying to build 292077 or later before rebuilding.
1337 Debug data files are now built by default with 'make buildworld' and
1338 installed with 'make installworld'. This facilitates debugging but
1339 requires more disk space both during the build and for the installed
1340 world. Debug files may be disabled by setting WITHOUT_DEBUG_FILES=yes
1344 r291527 changed the internal interface between the nfsd.ko and
1345 nfscommon.ko modules. As such, they must both be upgraded to-gether.
1346 __FreeBSD_version has been bumped because of this.
1349 Add support for unicode collation strings leads to a change of
1350 order of files listed by ls(1) for example. To get back to the old
1351 behaviour, set LC_COLLATE environment variable to "C".
1353 Databases administrators will need to reindex their databases given
1354 collation results will be different.
1356 Due to a bug in install(1) it is recommended to remove the ancient
1357 locales before running make installworld.
1359 rm -rf /usr/share/locale/*
1362 The OpenSSL has been upgraded to 1.0.2d. Any binaries requiring
1363 libcrypto.so.7 or libssl.so.7 must be recompiled.
1366 Qlogic 24xx/25xx firmware images were updated from 5.5.0 to 7.3.0.
1367 Kernel modules isp_2400_multi and isp_2500_multi were removed and
1368 should be replaced with isp_2400 and isp_2500 modules respectively.
1371 The build previously allowed using 'make -n' to not recurse into
1372 sub-directories while showing what commands would be executed, and
1373 'make -n -n' to recursively show commands. Now 'make -n' will recurse
1374 and 'make -N' will not.
1377 If you specify SENDMAIL_MC or SENDMAIL_CF in make.conf, mergemaster
1378 and etcupdate will now use this file. A custom sendmail.cf is now
1379 updated via this mechanism rather than via installworld. If you had
1380 excluded sendmail.cf in mergemaster.rc or etcupdate.conf, you may
1381 want to remove the exclusion or change it to "always install".
1382 /etc/mail/sendmail.cf is now managed the same way regardless of
1383 whether SENDMAIL_MC/SENDMAIL_CF is used. If you are not using
1384 SENDMAIL_MC/SENDMAIL_CF there should be no change in behavior.
1387 Compatibility shims for legacy ATA device names have been removed.
1388 It includes ATA_STATIC_ID kernel option, kern.cam.ada.legacy_aliases
1389 and kern.geom.raid.legacy_aliases loader tunables, kern.devalias.*
1390 environment variables, /dev/ad* and /dev/ar* symbolic links.
1393 Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.7.0.
1394 Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1395 and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1398 Kernel debug files have been moved to /usr/lib/debug/boot/kernel/,
1399 and renamed from .symbols to .debug. This reduces the size requirements
1400 on the boot partition or file system and provides consistency with
1401 userland debug files.
1403 When using the supported kernel installation method the
1404 /usr/lib/debug/boot/kernel directory will be renamed (to kernel.old)
1405 as is done with /boot/kernel.
1407 Developers wishing to maintain the historical behavior of installing
1408 debug files in /boot/kernel/ can set KERN_DEBUGDIR="" in src.conf(5).
1411 The wireless drivers had undergone changes that remove the 'parent
1412 interface' from the ifconfig -l output. The rc.d network scripts
1413 used to check presence of a parent interface in the list, so old
1414 scripts would fail to start wireless networking. Thus, etcupdate(3)
1415 or mergemaster(8) run is required after kernel update, to update your
1416 rc.d scripts in /etc.
1419 pf no longer supports 'scrub fragment crop' or 'scrub fragment drop-ovl'
1420 These configurations are now automatically interpreted as
1421 'scrub fragment reassemble'.
1424 Kernel-loadable modules for the random(4) device are back. To use
1425 them, the kernel must have
1428 options RANDOM_LOADABLE
1430 kldload(8) can then be used to load random_fortuna.ko
1431 or random_yarrow.ko. Please note that due to the indirect
1432 function calls that the loadable modules need to provide,
1433 the build-in variants will be slightly more efficient.
1435 The random(4) kernel option RANDOM_DUMMY has been retired due to
1436 unpopularity. It was not all that useful anyway.
1439 The WITHOUT_ELFTOOLCHAIN_TOOLS src.conf(5) knob has been retired.
1440 Control over building the ELF Tool Chain tools is now provided by
1441 the WITHOUT_TOOLCHAIN knob.
1444 The polarity of Pulse Per Second (PPS) capture events with the
1445 uart(4) driver has been corrected. Prior to this change the PPS
1446 "assert" event corresponded to the trailing edge of a positive PPS
1447 pulse and the "clear" event was the leading edge of the next pulse.
1449 As the width of a PPS pulse in a typical GPS receiver is on the
1450 order of 1 millisecond, most users will not notice any significant
1451 difference with this change.
1453 Anyone who has compensated for the historical polarity reversal by
1454 configuring a negative offset equal to the pulse width will need to
1455 remove that workaround.
1458 The default group assigned to /dev/dri entries has been changed
1459 from 'wheel' to 'video' with the id of '44'. If you want to have
1460 access to the dri devices please add yourself to the video group
1463 # pw groupmod video -m $USER
1466 The menu.rc and loader.rc files will now be replaced during
1467 upgrades. Please migrate local changes to menu.rc.local and
1468 loader.rc.local instead.
1471 GNU Binutils versions of addr2line, c++filt, nm, readelf, size,
1472 strings and strip have been removed. The src.conf(5) knob
1473 WITHOUT_ELFTOOLCHAIN_TOOLS no longer provides the binutils tools.
1476 As ZFS requires more kernel stack pages than is the default on some
1477 architectures e.g. i386, it now warns if KSTACK_PAGES is less than
1478 ZFS_MIN_KSTACK_PAGES (which is 4 at the time of writing).
1480 Please consider using 'options KSTACK_PAGES=X' where X is greater
1481 than or equal to ZFS_MIN_KSTACK_PAGES i.e. 4 in such configurations.
1484 sendmail has been updated to 8.15.2. Starting with FreeBSD 11.0
1485 and sendmail 8.15, sendmail uses uncompressed IPv6 addresses by
1486 default, i.e., they will not contain "::". For example, instead
1487 of ::1, it will be 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1. This permits a zero subnet
1488 to have a more specific match, such as different map entries for
1489 IPv6:0:0 vs IPv6:0. This change requires that configuration
1490 data (including maps, files, classes, custom ruleset, etc.) must
1491 use the same format, so make certain such configuration data is
1492 upgrading. As a very simple check search for patterns like
1493 'IPv6:[0-9a-fA-F:]*::' and 'IPv6::'. To return to the old
1494 behavior, set the m4 option confUSE_COMPRESSED_IPV6_ADDRESSES or
1495 the cf option UseCompressedIPv6Addresses.
1498 The default kernel entropy-processing algorithm is now
1499 Fortuna, replacing Yarrow.
1501 Assuming you have 'device random' in your kernel config
1502 file, the configurations allow a kernel option to override
1503 this default. You may choose *ONE* of:
1505 options RANDOM_YARROW # Legacy /dev/random algorithm.
1506 options RANDOM_DUMMY # Blocking-only driver.
1508 If you have neither, you get Fortuna. For most people,
1509 read no further, Fortuna will give a /dev/random that works
1510 like it always used to, and the difference will be irrelevant.
1512 If you remove 'device random', you get *NO* kernel-processed
1513 entropy at all. This may be acceptable to folks building
1514 embedded systems, but has complications. Carry on reading,
1515 and it is assumed you know what you need.
1517 *PLEASE* read random(4) and random(9) if you are in the
1518 habit of tweaking kernel configs, and/or if you are a member
1519 of the embedded community, wanting specific and not-usual
1520 behaviour from your security subsystems.
1522 NOTE!! If you use RANDOM_DUMMY and/or have no 'device
1523 random', you will NOT have a functioning /dev/random, and
1524 many cryptographic features will not work, including SSH.
1525 You may also find strange behaviour from the random(3) set
1526 of library functions, in particular sranddev(3), srandomdev(3)
1527 and arc4random(3). The reason for this is that the KERN_ARND
1528 sysctl only returns entropy if it thinks it has some to
1529 share, and with RANDOM_DUMMY or no 'device random' this
1533 An additional fix for the issue described in the 20150614 sendmail
1534 entry below has been committed in revision 284717.
1537 FreeBSD's old make (fmake) has been removed from the system. It is
1538 available as the devel/fmake port or via pkg install fmake.
1541 The fix for the issue described in the 20150614 sendmail entry
1542 below has been committed in revision 284436. The work
1543 around described in that entry is no longer needed unless the
1544 default setting is overridden by a confDH_PARAMETERS configuration
1545 setting of '5' or pointing to a 512 bit DH parameter file.
1548 ALLOW_DEPRECATED_ATF_TOOLS/ATFFILE support has been removed from
1549 atf.test.mk (included from bsd.test.mk). Please upgrade devel/atf
1550 and devel/kyua to version 0.20+ and adjust any calling code to work
1551 with Kyuafile and kyua.
1554 The import of openssl to address the FreeBSD-SA-15:10.openssl
1555 security advisory includes a change which rejects handshakes
1556 with DH parameters below 768 bits. sendmail releases prior
1557 to 8.15.2 (not yet released), defaulted to a 512 bit
1558 DH parameter setting for client connections. To work around
1559 this interoperability, sendmail can be configured to use a
1560 2048 bit DH parameter by:
1562 1. Edit /etc/mail/`hostname`.mc
1563 2. If a setting for confDH_PARAMETERS does not exist or
1564 exists and is set to a string beginning with '5',
1565 replace it with '2'.
1566 3. If a setting for confDH_PARAMETERS exists and is set to
1567 a file path, create a new file with:
1568 openssl dhparam -out /path/to/file 2048
1569 4. Rebuild the .cf file:
1570 cd /etc/mail/; make; make install
1571 5. Restart sendmail:
1572 cd /etc/mail/; make restart
1574 A sendmail patch is coming, at which time this file will be
1578 Generation of legacy formatted entries have been disabled by default
1579 in pwd_mkdb(8), as all base system consumers of the legacy formatted
1580 entries were converted to use the new format by default when the new,
1581 machine independent format have been added and supported since FreeBSD
1584 Please see the pwd_mkdb(8) manual page for further details.
1587 Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.6.1 release. Please see the
1588 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites and upgrading,
1589 if you are not already using 3.5.0 or higher.
1592 TI platform code switched to using vendor DTS files and this update
1593 may break existing systems running on Beaglebone, Beaglebone Black,
1596 - dtb files should be regenerated/reinstalled. Filenames are the
1597 same but content is different now
1598 - GPIO addressing was changed, now each GPIO bank (32 pins per bank)
1599 has its own /dev/gpiocX device, e.g. pin 121 on /dev/gpioc0 in old
1600 addressing scheme is now pin 25 on /dev/gpioc3.
1601 - Pandaboard: /etc/ttys should be updated, serial console device is
1602 now /dev/ttyu2, not /dev/ttyu0
1605 soelim(1) from gnu/usr.bin/groff has been replaced by usr.bin/soelim.
1606 If you need the GNU extension from groff soelim(1), install groff
1607 from package: pkg install groff, or via ports: textproc/groff.
1610 chmod, chflags, chown and chgrp now affect symlinks in -R mode as
1611 defined in symlink(7); previously symlinks were silently ignored.
1614 The const qualifier has been removed from iconv(3) to comply with
1615 POSIX. The ports tree is aware of this from r384038 onwards.
1618 Libraries specified by LIBADD in Makefiles must have a corresponding
1619 DPADD_<lib> variable to ensure correct dependencies. This is now
1620 enforced in src.libnames.mk.
1623 From legacy ata(4) driver was removed support for SATA controllers
1624 supported by more functional drivers ahci(4), siis(4) and mvs(4).
1625 Kernel modules ataahci and ataadaptec were removed completely,
1626 replaced by ahci and mvs modules respectively.
1629 Clang, llvm and lldb have been upgraded to 3.6.0 release. Please see
1630 the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites and
1631 upgrading, if you are not already using 3.5.0 or higher.
1634 The 32-bit PowerPC kernel has been changed to a position-independent
1635 executable. This can only be booted with a version of loader(8)
1636 newer than January 31, 2015, so make sure to update both world and
1637 kernel before rebooting.
1640 If you are running a -CURRENT kernel since r273872 (Oct 30th, 2014),
1641 but before r278950, the RNG was not seeded properly. Immediately
1642 upgrade the kernel to r278950 or later and regenerate any keys (e.g.
1643 ssh keys or openssl keys) that were generated w/ a kernel from that
1644 range. This does not affect programs that directly used /dev/random
1645 or /dev/urandom. All userland uses of arc4random(3) are affected.
1648 The autofs(4) ABI was changed in order to restore binary compatibility
1649 with 10.1-RELEASE. The automountd(8) daemon needs to be rebuilt to work
1650 with the new kernel.
1653 The powerpc64 kernel has been changed to a position-independent
1654 executable. This can only be booted with a new version of loader(8),
1655 so make sure to update both world and kernel before rebooting.
1658 Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.5.1 release. This is a bugfix
1659 only release, no new features have been added. Please see the 20141231
1660 entry below for information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you
1661 are not already using 3.5.0.
1664 ELF tools addr2line, elfcopy (strip), nm, size, and strings are now
1665 taken from the ELF Tool Chain project rather than GNU binutils. They
1666 should be drop-in replacements, with the addition of arm64 support.
1667 The WITHOUT_ELFTOOLCHAIN_TOOLS= knob may be used to obtain the
1668 binutils tools, if necessary. See 20150805 for updated information.
1671 The default Unbound configuration now enables remote control
1672 using a local socket. Users who have already enabled the
1673 local_unbound service should regenerate their configuration
1674 by running "service local_unbound setup" as root.
1677 The GNU texinfo and GNU info pages have been removed.
1678 To be able to view GNU info pages please install texinfo from ports.
1681 Clang, llvm and lldb have been upgraded to 3.5.0 release.
1683 As of this release, a prerequisite for building clang, llvm and lldb is
1684 a C++11 capable compiler and C++11 standard library. This means that to
1685 be able to successfully build the cross-tools stage of buildworld, with
1686 clang as the bootstrap compiler, your system compiler or cross compiler
1687 should either be clang 3.3 or later, or gcc 4.8 or later, and your
1688 system C++ library should be libc++, or libdstdc++ from gcc 4.8 or
1691 On any standard FreeBSD 10.x or 11.x installation, where clang and
1692 libc++ are on by default (that is, on x86 or arm), this should work out
1695 On 9.x installations where clang is enabled by default, e.g. on x86 and
1696 powerpc, libc++ will not be enabled by default, so libc++ should be
1697 built (with clang) and installed first. If both clang and libc++ are
1698 missing, build clang first, then use it to build libc++.
1700 On 8.x and earlier installations, upgrade to 9.x first, and then follow
1701 the instructions for 9.x above.
1703 Sparc64 and mips users are unaffected, as they still use gcc 4.2.1 by
1704 default, and do not build clang.
1706 Many embedded systems are resource constrained, and will not be able to
1707 build clang in a reasonable time, or in some cases at all. In those
1708 cases, cross building bootable systems on amd64 is a workaround.
1710 This new version of clang introduces a number of new warnings, of which
1711 the following are most likely to appear:
1715 This warns in two cases, for both C and C++:
1716 * When the code is trying to take the absolute value of an unsigned
1717 quantity, which is effectively a no-op, and almost never what was
1718 intended. The code should be fixed, if at all possible. If you are
1719 sure that the unsigned quantity can be safely cast to signed, without
1720 loss of information or undefined behavior, you can add an explicit
1721 cast, or disable the warning.
1723 * When the code is trying to take an absolute value, but the called
1724 abs() variant is for the wrong type, which can lead to truncation.
1725 If you want to disable the warning instead of fixing the code, please
1726 make sure that truncation will not occur, or it might lead to unwanted
1729 -Wtautological-undefined-compare and
1730 -Wundefined-bool-conversion
1732 These warn when C++ code is trying to compare 'this' against NULL, while
1733 'this' should never be NULL in well-defined C++ code. However, there is
1734 some legacy (pre C++11) code out there, which actively abuses this
1735 feature, which was less strictly defined in previous C++ versions.
1737 Squid and openjdk do this, for example. The warning can be turned off
1738 for C++98 and earlier, but compiling the code in C++11 mode might result
1739 in unexpected behavior; for example, the parts of the program that are
1740 unreachable could be optimized away.
1743 The old NFS client and server (kernel options NFSCLIENT, NFSSERVER)
1744 kernel sources have been removed. The .h files remain, since some
1745 utilities include them. This will need to be fixed later.
1746 If "mount -t oldnfs ..." is attempted, it will fail.
1747 If the "-o" option on mountd(8), nfsd(8) or nfsstat(1) is used,
1748 the utilities will report errors.
1751 The handling of LOCAL_LIB_DIRS has been altered to skip addition of
1752 directories to top level SUBDIR variable when their parent
1753 directory is included in LOCAL_DIRS. Users with build systems with
1754 such hierarchies and without SUBDIR entries in the parent
1755 directory Makefiles should add them or add the directories to
1759 faith(4) and faithd(8) have been removed from the base system. Faith
1760 has been obsolete for a very long time.
1763 vt(4), the new console driver, is enabled by default. It brings
1764 support for Unicode and double-width characters, as well as
1765 support for UEFI and integration with the KMS kernel video
1768 You may need to update your console settings in /etc/rc.conf,
1769 most probably the keymap. During boot, /etc/rc.d/syscons will
1770 indicate what you need to do.
1772 vt(4) still has issues and lacks some features compared to
1773 syscons(4). See the wiki for up-to-date information:
1774 https://wiki.freebsd.org/Newcons
1776 If you want to keep using syscons(4), you can do so by adding
1777 the following line to /boot/loader.conf:
1781 pjdfstest has been integrated into kyua as an opt-in test suite.
1782 Please see share/doc/pjdfstest/README for more details on how to
1786 gperf has been removed from the base system for architectures
1787 that use clang. Ports that require gperf will obtain it from the
1791 pjdfstest has been moved from tools/regression/pjdfstest to
1795 At svn r271982, The default linux compat kernel ABI has been adjusted
1796 to 2.6.18 in support of the linux-c6 compat ports infrastructure
1797 update. If you wish to continue using the linux-f10 compat ports,
1798 add compat.linux.osrelease=2.6.16 to your local sysctl.conf. Users are
1799 encouraged to update their linux-compat packages to linux-c6 during
1800 their next update cycle.
1803 The ofwfb driver, used to provide a graphics console on PowerPC when
1804 using vt(4), no longer allows mmap() of all physical memory. This
1805 will prevent Xorg on PowerPC with some ATI graphics cards from
1806 initializing properly unless x11-servers/xorg-server is updated to
1810 The xdev targets have been converted to using TARGET and
1811 TARGET_ARCH instead of XDEV and XDEV_ARCH.
1814 The default unbound configuration has been modified to address
1815 issues with reverse lookups on networks that use private
1816 address ranges. If you use the local_unbound service, run
1817 "service local_unbound setup" as root to regenerate your
1818 configuration, then "service local_unbound reload" to load the
1822 The GNU texinfo and GNU info pages are not built and installed
1823 anymore, WITH_INFO knob has been added to allow to built and install
1825 UPDATE: see 20150102 entry on texinfo's removal
1828 The GNU readline library is now an INTERNALLIB - that is, it is
1829 statically linked into consumers (GDB and variants) in the base
1830 system, and the shared library is no longer installed. The
1831 devel/readline port is available for third party software that
1835 The Itanium architecture (ia64) has been removed from the list of
1836 known architectures. This is the first step in the removal of the
1840 Commit r268115 has added NFSv4.1 server support, merged from
1841 projects/nfsv4.1-server. Since this includes changes to the
1842 internal interfaces between the NFS related modules, a full
1843 build of the kernel and modules will be necessary.
1844 __FreeBSD_version has been bumped.
1847 The WITHOUT_VT_SUPPORT kernel config knob has been renamed
1848 WITHOUT_VT. (The other _SUPPORT knobs have a consistent meaning
1849 which differs from the behaviour controlled by this knob.)
1852 Maximal length of the serial number in CTL was increased from 16 to
1853 64 chars, that breaks ABI. All CTL-related tools, such as ctladm
1854 and ctld, need to be rebuilt to work with a new kernel.
1857 The libatf-c and libatf-c++ major versions were downgraded to 0 and
1858 1 respectively to match the upstream numbers. They were out of
1859 sync because, when they were originally added to FreeBSD, the
1860 upstream versions were not respected. These libraries are private
1861 and not yet built by default, so renumbering them should be a
1862 non-issue. However, unclean source trees will yield broken test
1863 programs once the operator executes "make delete-old-libs" after a
1864 "make installworld".
1866 Additionally, the atf-sh binary was made private by moving it into
1867 /usr/libexec/. Already-built shell test programs will keep the
1868 path to the old binary so they will break after "make delete-old"
1871 If you are using WITH_TESTS=yes (not the default), wipe the object
1872 tree and rebuild from scratch to prevent spurious test failures.
1873 This is only needed once: the misnumbered libraries and misplaced
1874 binaries have been added to OptionalObsoleteFiles.inc so they will
1875 be removed during a clean upgrade.
1878 Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.4.1 release.
1881 We bogusly installed src.opts.mk in /usr/share/mk. This file should
1882 be removed to avoid issues in the future (and has been added to
1886 /etc/src.conf now affects only builds of the FreeBSD src tree. In the
1887 past, it affected all builds that used the bsd.*.mk files. The old
1888 behavior was a bug, but people may have relied upon it. To get this
1889 behavior back, you can .include /etc/src.conf from /etc/make.conf
1890 (which is still global and isn't changed). This also changes the
1891 behavior of incremental builds inside the tree of individual
1892 directories. Set MAKESYSPATH to ".../share/mk" to do that.
1893 Although this has survived make universe and some upgrade scenarios,
1894 other upgrade scenarios may have broken. At least one form of
1895 temporary breakage was fixed with MAKESYSPATH settings for buildworld
1896 as well... In cases where MAKESYSPATH isn't working with this
1897 setting, you'll need to set it to the full path to your tree.
1899 One side effect of all this cleaning up is that bsd.compiler.mk
1900 is no longer implicitly included by bsd.own.mk. If you wish to
1901 use COMPILER_TYPE, you must now explicitly include bsd.compiler.mk
1905 The lindev device has been removed since /dev/full has been made a
1906 standard device. __FreeBSD_version has been bumped.
1909 The knob WITHOUT_VI was added to the base system, which controls
1910 building ex(1), vi(1), etc. Older releases of FreeBSD required ex(1)
1911 in order to reorder files share/termcap and didn't build ex(1) as a
1912 build tool, so building/installing with WITH_VI is highly advised for
1913 build hosts for older releases.
1915 This issue has been fixed in stable/9 and stable/10 in r277022 and
1916 r276991, respectively.
1919 The YES_HESIOD knob has been removed. It has been obsolete for
1920 a decade. Please move to using WITH_HESIOD instead or your builds
1921 will silently lack HESIOD.
1924 The uart(4) driver has been changed with respect to its handling
1925 of the low-level console. Previously the uart(4) driver prevented
1926 any process from changing the baudrate or the CLOCAL and HUPCL
1927 control flags. By removing the restrictions, operators can make
1928 changes to the serial console port without having to reboot.
1929 However, when getty(8) is started on the serial device that is
1930 associated with the low-level console, a misconfigured terminal
1931 line in /etc/ttys will now have a real impact.
1932 Before upgrading the kernel, make sure that /etc/ttys has the
1933 serial console device configured as 3wire without baudrate to
1934 preserve the previous behaviour. E.g:
1935 ttyu0 "/usr/libexec/getty 3wire" vt100 on secure
1938 Support for libwrap (TCP wrappers) in rpcbind was disabled by default
1939 to improve performance. To re-enable it, if needed, run rpcbind
1940 with command line option -W.
1943 Switched back to the GPL dtc compiler due to updates in the upstream
1944 dts files not being supported by the BSDL dtc compiler. You will need
1945 to rebuild your kernel toolchain to pick up the new compiler. Core dumps
1946 may result while building dtb files during a kernel build if you fail
1947 to do so. Set WITHOUT_GPL_DTC if you require the BSDL compiler.
1950 Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.4 release.
1953 The nve(4) driver has been removed. Please use the nfe(4) driver
1954 for NVIDIA nForce MCP Ethernet adapters instead.
1957 An ABI incompatibility crept into the libc++ 3.4 import in r261283.
1958 This could cause certain C++ applications using shared libraries built
1959 against the previous version of libc++ to crash. The incompatibility
1960 has now been fixed, but any C++ applications or shared libraries built
1961 between r261283 and r261801 should be recompiled.
1964 OpenSSH will now ignore errors caused by kernel lacking of Capsicum
1965 capability mode support. Please note that enabling the feature in
1966 kernel is still highly recommended.
1969 OpenSSH is now built with sandbox support, and will use sandbox as
1970 the default privilege separation method. This requires Capsicum
1971 capability mode support in kernel.
1974 The libelf and libdwarf libraries have been updated to newer
1975 versions from upstream. Shared library version numbers for
1976 these two libraries were bumped. Any ports or binaries
1977 requiring these two libraries should be recompiled.
1978 __FreeBSD_version is bumped to 1100006.
1981 If a Makefile in a tests/ directory was auto-generating a Kyuafile
1982 instead of providing an explicit one, this would prevent such
1983 Makefile from providing its own Kyuafile in the future during
1984 NO_CLEAN builds. This has been fixed in the Makefiles but manual
1985 intervention is needed to clean an objdir if you use NO_CLEAN:
1986 # find /usr/obj -name Kyuafile | xargs rm -f
1989 The behavior of gss_pseudo_random() for the krb5 mechanism
1990 has changed, for applications requesting a longer random string
1991 than produced by the underlying enctype's pseudo-random() function.
1992 In particular, the random string produced from a session key of
1993 enctype aes256-cts-hmac-sha1-96 or aes256-cts-hmac-sha1-96 will
1994 be different at the 17th octet and later, after this change.
1995 The counter used in the PRF+ construction is now encoded as a
1996 big-endian integer in accordance with RFC 4402.
1997 __FreeBSD_version is bumped to 1100004.
2000 The WITHOUT_ATF build knob has been removed and its functionality
2001 has been subsumed into the more generic WITHOUT_TESTS. If you were
2002 using the former to disable the build of the ATF libraries, you
2003 should change your settings to use the latter.
2006 The default version of mtree is nmtree which is obtained from
2007 NetBSD. The output is generally the same, but may vary
2008 slightly. If you found you need identical output adding
2009 "-F freebsd9" to the command line should do the trick. For the
2010 time being, the old mtree is available as fmtree.
2013 libbsdyml has been renamed to libyaml and moved to /usr/lib/private.
2014 This will break ports-mgmt/pkg. Rebuild the port, or upgrade to pkg
2015 1.1.4_8 and verify bsdyml not linked in, before running "make
2017 # make -C /usr/ports/ports-mgmt/pkg build deinstall install clean
2019 # pkg install pkg; ldd /usr/local/sbin/pkg | grep bsdyml
2022 The stable/10 branch has been created in subversion from head
2029 Sometimes, obscure build problems are the result of environment
2030 poisoning. This can happen because the make utility reads its
2031 environment when searching for values for global variables. To run
2032 your build attempts in an "environmental clean room", prefix all make
2033 commands with 'env -i '. See the env(1) manual page for more details.
2034 Occasionally a build failure will occur with "make -j" due to a race
2035 condition. If this happens try building again without -j, and please
2036 report a bug if it happens consistently.
2038 When upgrading from one major version to another it is generally best to
2039 upgrade to the latest code in the currently installed branch first, then
2040 do an upgrade to the new branch. This is the best-tested upgrade path,
2041 and has the highest probability of being successful. Please try this
2042 approach if you encounter problems with a major version upgrade. Since
2043 the stable 4.x branch point, one has generally been able to upgrade from
2044 anywhere in the most recent stable branch to head / current (or even the
2045 last couple of stable branches). See the top of this file when there's
2048 The update process will emit an error on an attempt to perform a build
2049 or install from a FreeBSD version below the earliest supported version.
2050 When updating from an older version the update should be performed one
2051 major release at a time, including running `make delete-old` at each
2054 When upgrading a live system, having a root shell around before
2055 installing anything can help undo problems. Not having a root shell
2056 around can lead to problems if pam has changed too much from your
2057 starting point to allow continued authentication after the upgrade.
2059 This file should be read as a log of events. When a later event changes
2060 information of a prior event, the prior event should not be deleted.
2061 Instead, a pointer to the entry with the new information should be
2062 placed in the old entry. Readers of this file should also sanity check
2063 older entries before relying on them blindly. Authors of new entries
2064 should write them with this in mind.
2068 When upgrading the boot ZFS pool to a new version, always follow
2071 1.) recompile and reinstall the ZFS boot loader and boot block
2072 (this is part of "make buildworld" and "make installworld")
2074 2.) update the ZFS boot block on your boot drive
2076 The following example updates the ZFS boot block on the first
2077 partition (freebsd-boot) of a GPT partitioned drive ada0:
2078 "gpart bootcode -p /boot/gptzfsboot -i 1 ada0"
2080 Non-boot pools do not need these updates.
2084 If you are updating from a prior version of FreeBSD (even one just
2085 a few days old), you should follow this procedure. It is the most
2086 failsafe as it uses a /usr/obj tree with a fresh mini-buildworld,
2088 make kernel-toolchain
2089 make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2090 make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2092 To test a kernel once
2093 ---------------------
2094 If you just want to boot a kernel once (because you are not sure
2095 if it works, or if you want to boot a known bad kernel to provide
2096 debugging information) run
2097 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE KODIR=/boot/testkernel
2098 nextboot -k testkernel
2100 To rebuild everything and install it on the current system.
2101 -----------------------------------------------------------
2102 # Note: sometimes if you are running current you gotta do more than
2103 # is listed here if you are upgrading from a really old current.
2105 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
2107 make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2108 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2110 <reboot in single user> [3]
2117 To cross-install current onto a separate partition
2118 --------------------------------------------------
2119 # In this approach we use a separate partition to hold
2120 # current's root, 'usr', and 'var' directories. A partition
2121 # holding "/", "/usr" and "/var" should be about 2GB in
2124 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
2127 make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2128 <maybe newfs current's root partition>
2129 <mount current's root partition on directory ${CURRENT_ROOT}>
2130 make installworld DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} -DDB_FROM_SRC
2131 make distribution DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} # if newfs'd
2132 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT}
2133 cp /etc/fstab ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab # if newfs'd
2134 <edit ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab to mount "/" from the correct partition>
2135 <reboot into current>
2136 <do a "native" rebuild/install as described in the previous section>
2137 <maybe install compatibility libraries from ports/misc/compat*>
2141 To upgrade in-place from stable to current
2142 ----------------------------------------------
2143 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
2145 make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE [8]
2146 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2148 <reboot in single user> [3]
2155 Make sure that you've read the UPDATING file to understand the
2156 tweaks to various things you need. At this point in the life
2157 cycle of current, things change often and you are on your own
2158 to cope. The defaults can also change, so please read ALL of
2159 the UPDATING entries.
2161 Also, if you are tracking -current, you must be subscribed to
2162 freebsd-current@freebsd.org. Make sure that before you update
2163 your sources that you have read and understood all the recent
2164 messages there. If in doubt, please track -stable which has
2165 much fewer pitfalls.
2167 [1] If you have third party modules, such as vmware, you
2168 should disable them at this point so they don't crash your
2171 [3] From the bootblocks, boot -s, and then do
2175 sh /etc/rc.d/zfs start # mount zfs filesystem, if needed
2176 cd src # full path to source
2177 adjkerntz -i # if CMOS is wall time
2178 Also, when doing a major release upgrade, it is required that
2179 you boot into single user mode to do the installworld.
2181 [4] Note: This step is non-optional. Failure to do this step
2182 can result in a significant reduction in the functionality of the
2183 system. Attempting to do it by hand is not recommended and those
2184 that pursue this avenue should read this file carefully, as well
2185 as the archives of freebsd-current and freebsd-hackers mailing lists
2186 for potential gotchas. The -U option is also useful to consider.
2187 See mergemaster(8) for more information.
2189 [5] Usually this step is a no-op. However, from time to time
2190 you may need to do this if you get unknown user in the following
2191 step. It never hurts to do it all the time. You may need to
2192 install a new mergemaster (cd src/usr.sbin/mergemaster && make
2193 install) after the buildworld before this step if you last updated
2194 from current before 20130425 or from -stable before 20130430.
2196 [6] This only deletes old files and directories. Old libraries
2197 can be deleted by "make delete-old-libs", but you have to make
2198 sure that no program is using those libraries anymore.
2200 [8] The new kernel must be able to run existing binaries used by an
2201 installworld. When upgrading across major versions, the new kernel's
2202 configuration must include the correct COMPAT_FREEBSD<n> option for
2203 existing binaries (e.g. COMPAT_FREEBSD11 to run 11.x binaries). Failure
2204 to do so may leave you with a system that is hard to boot to recover. A
2205 GENERIC kernel will include suitable compatibility options to run
2206 binaries from older branches. Note that the ability to run binaries
2207 from unsupported branches is not guaranteed.
2209 Make sure that you merge any new devices from GENERIC since the
2210 last time you updated your kernel config file. Options also
2211 change over time, so you may need to adjust your custom kernels
2214 [9] If CPUTYPE is defined in your /etc/make.conf, make sure to use the
2215 "?=" instead of the "=" assignment operator, so that buildworld can
2216 override the CPUTYPE if it needs to.
2218 MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX must be defined in an environment variable, and
2219 not on the command line, or in /etc/make.conf. buildworld will
2220 warn if it is improperly defined.
2223 This file contains a list, in reverse chronological order, of major
2224 breakages in tracking -current. It is not guaranteed to be a complete
2225 list of such breakages, and only contains entries since September 23, 2011.
2226 If you need to see UPDATING entries from before that date, you will need
2227 to fetch an UPDATING file from an older FreeBSD release.
2229 Copyright information:
2231 Copyright 1998-2009 M. Warner Losh <imp@FreeBSD.org>
2233 Redistribution, publication, translation and use, with or without
2234 modification, in full or in part, in any form or format of this
2235 document are permitted without further permission from the author.
2237 THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED BY WARNER LOSH ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
2238 IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
2239 WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
2240 DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL WARNER LOSH BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT,
2241 INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
2242 (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
2243 SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
2244 HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT,
2245 STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING
2246 IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
2247 POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
2249 Contact Warner Losh if you have any questions about your use of